ü / & 1 ü * . ! . ! 2 . 2 ashrae ù . 20 ù ! # 2016...

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& ASHRAE 20 2016

www.siemens.gr/buildingtechnologies

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ASHRAE Hellenic Chapter Event Athens 20.04.2016

V

V

a

b1

b2

…

, , pellet,)

, )

. & .

(CHP)

(HR)

(DH)

…

3-

b1

b2

b1

2-

a

a

b2

b1

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;

;;

;;

( ) ;

;

inverter ;

;

, ;

TcVQ

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pmax [kPa]pV0 [kPa]pV100 [kPa]ps [kPa]pMV [kPa]pVR [kPa]T [K]

DNkvs [m3/h]kvr kv ,

[m3/h]PN PN PV (Valve authority)Q100 [kW]V100 [m3/h]

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2-

3-

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(1/2)

2-

3-

For valve sizing relevant variable flow path

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(2/2)

For valve sizing relevant variable flow path

pV100

pV100

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& Extract of combinations with basic hydraulic circuits

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Heat exchangers & air cooling coils – an overviewTransfer characteristics of controlled systemDesign parameter “a”Valve characteristics –linear / equal-percentageValve authority PV

&

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ASHRAE Hellenic Chapter Event Athens 20.04.2016ASHRAE Hellenic Chapter Event Athens 20.04.2016

100HH

100QQ

10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

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Q/

V ( )

:

•

•

:

•

•

TcVQ

•

••

•( )

•

•

• 2-

• 3-

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( ) ( )

•

•

• • Water air • Water air

• • Supply air• Volumetric flow

• Supply air• Volumetric flow

•. „a“

, ,

11

2160aw

ww

TTTT

,a21

2160aw

ww

TTTT

,a

Ta1 Ta2

Tw1 Tw2 Tw1 Tw2

Ta2 Ta1 Ta2 Ta1

Tw1 Tw2

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0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

1

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1100QQ

100VV

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

00.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

“a“

V V

Q

Q

0.2…0.4, 0.5…0.7,

0.2…0.5

0.6…1

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0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

HH10

0= 0.2= 0.2

= 0.075 + 82%

= 0.25 + 82%

0.0910.166

0.302

0.550

VV100

/

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Valve authority PV

(H100)

.

, valve authority 0.25

: PV = 0.5: 0.25 … 0.8

Valve authority PV with pVR

Valve authority PV with pMV

80250100 ,...,VR

VV p

pP

80250100

100 ,...,MVV

VV pp

pP

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0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

VV100

HH100

Valve Authority PV

H

V

pVR

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Valv

e au

thor

ithy

Pv

Diagram out of VDI 3525

Pv = 0.5

Pv = 0.9

a = 0.5 a = 0.7

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-

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

- 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

00.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

100QQ

100HH

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.00,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

1

0.60.4

0.2

0.1100QQ

100VV

1.7

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

00.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

100VV

100HH

10.6

0.40.2

0.1

ngl = 3

PV = 0.4 a = 0.2

Derivation of Operating Characteristic

PV = 0.4

a = 0.2

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pmax

,

( , )

pmax > pV0

• Uncontrolled pump

• Controlled pump

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ps

,

/

:pS > H0

( .

)pS> p1 - p0

pS > p1 - p0

pS > H0

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(PV)

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: Q100

: ,

: , , …

: / ,

: ,

: , , ...

Vp

(valve authority PV)

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Circuit Throttling Injection with2-port valve

Diverting with mixing valve

Injection with3-port valve

Mixing Mixing with fixed premixing

primary pump -- primary pump --

Header Pressurized headerVariable volumetric flow

Pressurized headerConstant volumetric flow

Pressureless headerVariable volumetric flow

p pVR pMV pMV pMV pMV pMV pMV

Range 10…200 kPa 10…200 kPa 10…50 kPa 2…5 kPa 2…5 kPa 5…15 kPa 2…5 kPa 5…15 kPa

Typical Use effective pVR 35 kPa 3 kPa 3 kPa 8 kPa 3 kPa 8 kPa

pV100 pV100 0.5 pVR pV100 pMV

V100 V100 = Q100 / (1.163 T) [m3/h] = [kW / K]

kvs kvs = V100 / ( pV100 / 100) 0.85 kvs value [m3/h] = [m3/h / kPa]

Eff. pV100 pV100 = (V100 / kvs )2

PV PV = pV100 / pVR 0.25…0.8 PV = pV100 / ( pV100 + pMV) 0.25…0.8

Others 2-port / 3-port / 3-port with bypass PN class Medium temperature Medium DN flanged / threaded / solder

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1:

Boiler 1

Heating zone 1 Heating zone 2

180 kW70 °C

95 kW70 / 50 °C

80 kW50 / 35 °C

pMV = 8 kPa pMV = 8 kPa

MV MV

= MV

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, , p, V

. •

• : 80 kW• : = 70 °C

= 50 °C= 35 °C

• .: 70 °C – 35 °C = 35 K• : ,

• pMV: 8 kPa ( )• Valve authority PV: PV 0.5• pV100:

pV100= 8 kPav

MVvV P

pPp

1100

hmK

kWK

kWCC

kWKT

kWQhmV /.

..)(.][.][]/[ 31003 971

74080

35163180

3570163180

1631

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kvs

V100 = 1.97 m3/h

2. pV100 = 5.8 kPa1. pV100 = 9.3 kPa

pV100 = 8 kPa

1. kvs = 6.3 m3/h

kvs :

(5…30 °C)

(H100) 100 kPa (1 bar).2. kvs = 8 m3/h

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valve authority PV

Effective valve authority PV

• kvs = 6.3 m3/h

kPahm

hm

k

Vp

vsV 89

36971100100

2

3

32100

100 ././.

50550889

89

100

100 ...

.kPakPa

kPapp

pP

MVV

Vv

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Valv

e au

thor

ithy

P v

PV = 0.55

a = 0.6

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• [mm] [°]

• AC 230 V, AC 24 V• DC 24 V, DC 20…30 V

• DC 0…10 V, phase-cut 0…20 VPhsDC 0…20 mA, DC 4…20 mA

• Floating 3-position, pulse duration modulation (PDM)• On / off 2-position

• , ,

•

• ,

• S

• . pmax ,

• ps ,

••

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•• • • • Phase-cut

• • DC 0…10 V• DC 2…10 V

• DC 0…20 mA• DC 4…20 mA

• 0…20 VPhs

•

• . 100%

• . H 50%

1/2

109876543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

stroke H [%]

positioning signal Y [V]

20181614121086420

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

stroke H [%]

positioning signal Y [mA]

positioning signal Y [VPhs]

time t [s]

positioning signal Y [VPhs]

time t [s]

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2/2

• Floating On / off• • 3-position • PDM • 2-position

• • Open / stop / close• AC 230 V, AC 24 V

• Pulse-duration.-modulation

• AC / DC 24 V

• On / off• AC 230 V• AC / DC 24 V

•

• Valve stroke H 75% open

• Valve stroke H 25% open


time t [s]


time t [s]

2/2

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…

e.g. for Heating group 1 (with radiators)

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2- , 3- & 4- fan coils)

1…110 oC. . -40…+350 oC

DN10…DN250Kvs : 0,2…1000 m3/hPN 6/10/16/25/40

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,

2- ps

3-(preferred)

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Stem-down-to-closeNormally open

Stem-up-to-closeNormally closed

Stem down-to-openLeft right: control portMixing

HintValve without actuator

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•

< 2 sec

• , ,

1:1000)•

• -20…180 oC • DN15…100

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Conversion of voltage to stroke

Magnetic force

Spring force

Stroke

‘’ ’’!

!

, ;

Magnetic valveother valve

TU = Delay timeTG = Compensation times = Degree of complexity = TU:TG

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2- & 3-2- & 3-

L

-10…120 oC DN10…150

Kvs : 0,2…690 m3/hPN 16…40

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&

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( L T)

L-bore

T-bore

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6-

DN15…25Kvs : 0,25…4,25 m3/hPN 16

/

6-

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6-

/ 4 2

1

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6- , ;

100% Heating0% Cooling



45º

100 %

0 %0º 90º

Control range

cooling

Control range

heatingclose

Angel

Opening[%]

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2-

1…110 oC DN10…DN150

V100 : 0,2…195 m3/h

on/off floating modulating

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?

[1] [2]

[3][4] P+, P-

p1 – p2 V

,

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?

: , ,

M

M

:

.2 .

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4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

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’’

’’

:

PICVPressure independent control valve

PICCVPressure independent characterized control valve

ePIVElectronic pressure independent control valve

PCVpressure control valve

PIBCVPressure independent balancing control valve

Combi valvesPressure independent combi valves

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&

Constant-mode Proportional- mode Adaptive-mode

Combi

valveskvs valves

Combi

valveskvs valves

Combi

valveskvs valves

Combi

valveskvs valves

1 / 3 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

---- ----

Constant-mode: p-c)Proportional-mode: ( ) p-v).

,

Adaptive-mode: .

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( )

Determining the volumetric flow V Example

1 Determine Q100 Q100 Q100 = 3 kW

2 Determine T T 6 K

3 Calculate V Water Water

without antifreeze with antifreezel without antifreeze

Selecting the combi valve and the actuator according to the Data Sheet or HIT

4 Select matching combi valve

a) PN classb) Maximum medium temperaturec) Type of connections (flanged, theaded)d) Type of valve body (with/without pressure test points)

a) HVAC plant: PN 25b) Cold water of 12 °Cc) Externally threaded d) With pressure test points

5 Determine presetting Selection criterion: 1. DN 15 (resulting from product no.) or 2. Rather in the upper scale range

Selection criterion:Customer wants DN 15 + therm. actuator

6 Select actuator a) Operating voltageb) Positioning signalc) Positioning timed) Extra functions (auxiliary switches, cable length

and cable quality, etc.)

a) Controller supplies AC 24 Vb) Controller delivers 2-position signalc) Not of importance (180 s)d) Cable length 2m

TQV

163.1100

100 Tc3600QV 100

100 hlhmK

kWV 43043.06163.1

3 3100

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( )

Selecting the combi valve and the actuator Example

7 Define the working range

a) Pump head < pmax – maximum permissible differential pressure across the combi valve

a) Given: pump head = 10.35 m

< pmax = 400 kPa

b) Minimum pump pressure > pmin – required minimumdifferential pressure across the fully opened combi valve to ensure the differential pressure controller operates reliably

b) Minimum pump pressure > pmin = 15 kPaPlanner must make certain that

pminacross valve is available

8 Select the actuating device

Combi valve with matching actuator

Operating voltage AC/DC 24 VPositioning signal 2-position (PDM)Positioning time 180 sCable length 2 mPN class PN 25DN DN 15V100 575 l/hVmin 110 l/hMedium Water or water with antifreezeMedium temperature 1…110 °CExtras With pressure test points

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;

&

E-mail : [email protected]

E-mail : [email protected]

ü / & 1 ü * . ! . ! 2 . 2 ashrae ù . 20 ù ! # 2016...

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