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EDITDDIAL

flMlNlEANDDECIESSIONma wnrld Fond aarmapaa ma». aaaaa NovemberM Tn Rome, tank a vrigmarrma iayarrrary ar ma be-gTnnTng oi ramp in me warm and ma rmar ar ancxmminn, In (one of H115 inyamary, ma decisionrukan re exroblixh a work! muck cl load reserves r:—mairp Fro-/QM sb mutk un::naTn)y, and somany pretand rarp nowhere naaraezrra mar, marmm ar. grounds rar aarraax dumb) mar ma aaamarrWI!“ ever be rrapwarparrraa.

ma ovtempr Va aaar r.rpara.am»y For ma xaamzaa7umTne on pamrax cufasrrophes ar ma pcptflofianaxasasiarr ix ruaaamarrrauy dece Sp! |4nvTng :IsTde

some very long-fierm pradimarp man are gerrarauyboxed an exrrapoianarrs devuid ar any sazanrirzarignr, ;. a azrrpwa raar mar ma presanr Worlfipapaxauarr could be wau «as wrraam axaaaraapauawarr on ma basis ac ex mg ugficulmrfl !ecHna\—

aay u wbrld Feud produr. Ion were pK=nn=d and 69*femfined ay ma ufiarify u! raaazrrg aw mmrarmyrranaaa of by ma nriurity of aranraamry.

we absurd and Tnhumar. character of ma aapnana»economy : more fir? pa ma raaxm ac Feud pru-ducfiun man :.. any mhnr. n. ma aaraa\—axpar~:rra_.countries zrpazaly ma urmaa Smrex, Canada, Aus-rrana, and Avgenfina) hay; de‘Tberufie‘y praamaaugH'<:u|mra7 N'aM-wushrfism, and hay. aa . aramyreduced mar Food ptuducfion Wm. ‘he aaxa azrr. of"pvevenfing a <aHapsc L>F pr;m -‘

ha H-1:5: raar aamrces, Hm ram rarra undo: sulfi-ya on was reduced From [20 mTHTan acre: ra ex

raimarr acves berween was and W717 in order ra

VI"xA‘u\' d¢VA}|«1B'!#¢rlr— _NT:iNAT:DN;«L w as conzemommcsFA rrr u_/‘Hy r. » vrnvHv> p m a» Mr arm.‘ W.

r, Smmxh um: Carma/vmar,-H; mm. r

make prices rke on ma world rrraruax. Priusdldxp raar ma By W7341w:-y had increased ma pewaaar compared WT»! mo Em rs. redutfinn in lb:<u|1ivaV7un of cereuk Had Izducgd warxa smcka bysame cm mTH\'on mama runs aacwaap vm and W72,a raaaauap mar is barrrg cruelly ran mday. in am.he amrraa ma: every man, warvun, ans" <Hld whodies pr hunger anywpara 7:: Ike warld 4-«is yaar :5

u vTcfim af Hi: rrrararraaa absurdity of usysmrn rhurpr:-«max Food par ra saaa me mar. race am #9

reap maximum vroiirx For the aapnarmexparms,For agrfbmines, and «or me baa canal praaapap.

were 1; no duubv mar ma zrmaaaa in me ma. a;‘was Mr poor cnunrries like those a; the Vmfian

subcanfinent, of we saw zune Tn Alricn, urd ofLa n America whh parnaarar prayny. ma irriga-nion pump: at: run by Hecvriciry produced by pap-erurors Ma) many run on gm and an The priceincreases rar perrcbum pradaaa Tmptx: ar. inrul»arable burden on ihcse xyslcms and ram; hm vh-

amc: av rcdudng ugrioulmral pruduchvlfy andmaraay aarraarrarar pradacrsaa.

Bur even s.aayr'er ra the burden Inpmed by an. a...cream Tn ma price a’ chemfczfl ¢ar. zev Du a+.;a>rma so-called green revalu p was waagaxy band.we /:xorb' am pmlils ar ma comuanins a.aa.,as..aand exporfing fertflher are not going ra ~an xhe?khs“bu! Icflhct to good ana imperialixr mmx.

In a nalaworthy arficie paauxhaa rp ma Nay 15,I974, New Vork Re»/wew ar Eooks, Emma: Earhchfldxrresxed the! ;p W73 clan: u.s. Feud exuwris to masemi:o|onTa\ caunfiriex bruughr Tn more mar. smVhousond mamaa; exports of arrarrnaax can zerx ayan ma rmparsam ::wn!rT=S ra ma saruraaiaaralcnwwits araaaho Tn mare r>ra.. 53 a maaaaaa mlion aarvrrg ma same yaar.

wp uppurfianhg “raaparas?bHTfy" tar ma current Far-nine, VH5 57 maaaaaarpmiarr rpm be compared mm ma SI 2 Vhnusundrpm r. ma pear naunvries paid our For hvuporvs ofparranaam woduclx. cam‘d. an pg,3|

31mm‘: mm ap

Faro? M r «W vvemahonu‘

Swami nrficrz: (‘K /vcu r~¢(c3:nH‘y rcmcscrv mp vmw) auwzmxsuascwhow:Am MNL m r.

rym zmuwn 455 ,

A swarm up an‘yam rz; raw V ussm, Karma 24 ¥J,Wu

vcmm v5,uaa, K: AUSIMMA x;rE(\AL swssu AP NwLwn1OD.C¥uivsU5 —

53 1; u s a Carudn :4 :0 r\..1rw‘m, ram an: my zpaw.ro suascm: '0 m av Ptk;cNAL«,1s¢K on mm mm MomzyorumzSena am an: um<re1:vc\NPl<>.CO§’.wwv chmro PM aw \NT‘L rosm onoix sarra Hunt and a...r... ra rNPRLcor<.

GAO ra vhc uumv av msm :cHDuzpm parax

an1grmG!S[LA§C>vOUZ, V27H.e Josxeimpens. amawa a, Aza Nu ccroan—vaeaoov—sa

ARAB EAST

by JON ROTHSCHILDthe turn of

the DH)'n:sxr Arufar, mmman UF Wu Va\es"\»e Vberuvan

Ovgamzuhon no, we: reaaayaa C: u Ham: ofswan: by ma Jn?rcc' Nnrwans Gavntva‘ v’\:3cmbVy Tn

New Tovk my on Nu/ewbev 1: /\ wam? eavfier,on Cctobcv VA, vhn ranarax A5sem\~‘v ma x/mudovmw~.L-Wvuiwgiy I0 4, 20 u'1Jrn\'xonx\ tohwnc He In 0 Va pavfidpore as ma mpvcscnr:H'we0F me ”c\c5"w-‘Jan y1cop‘sv WIN .\—a L‘NSe;5?<In‘: drv—

have on Pu\esr'mi: ma (Jcrcher nw .afic Wu: mawowaa 5: iv-vtvcfl I:Wwr m\‘e§?onc§ m We no‘;mnvch lav/cvd m\<r"uHDnu7 zognhiun < n Our,-hm 21 Vrendw Voreigrv 3‘?! Jana Smuugnnrqx/I1:ha a a cam: mcehng WW‘! Armor 7" Befvu‘ W4emerged cm ma dfscx/Exxon d scribing Amfm asvaas Hz,‘ ‘nvaderwc, “ and a s?:1‘esrv\un ‘OnD’?oue:rZE1Hc Ahmed Na-M say: no‘, man--ma, and Cuimral Orguniznfion vured Va my-HaMe P: 0 VI: 1»; gtvvcrcfl Lurfierenza mm ans:-wvcr

mm. 071 Ccmber 2: ma mm Arab swym«red u resahwfion dcsignavfng ma PLO as ma sak-wag ma represn-rvnfivc uf ma 7’c‘e$HrH'on pcopkNreudy M3 yew, no dalegafions Huvs cmcndedVhe wand aanvmnaa on .mm:~.a ‘aw Heid 'm ca—

races, ma wafld con!-zrcvvcc an veovhfion Tn awchmexr, and ma world Food cnnlcrencr. in mama

Em ma un appearance Wm ma Ngh point. “FurAmlm to go in New van, “ said u no apwkesmurv,"Is Nine :1 commmvdu away .. m raw Am. “ An

ma UN Arafu? was escoflcd we ma haw by ma

aw‘; am’ a« omvocol Ha WC; 5-wan u prohmgeuavunurv by ‘he u-(egurex WHYV urfly :1 m -,»m..—vicns, rm» mach aawaaa n ma rap ma mam

\

w have cams,“ /\ra'c'saTa \n M: speech, “bear-Tng an o‘Tvc branch and a rrecdom ighrefls gun.Do my \a~ me anya branch? -

rm my maU2: \'vvh°rnaM'anu> recogn. on We no has hrs"

51 anna during 7‘r.e pus? Fnw womhs renraservs apm awaacm Var 'he \srucHsrufi<:, V‘Vmsc‘way:

sec" (7 ;n'.rdTru:\ on raf ars:am 2-am pchry and'xdL>a\agvH1:|HHevrc was no sut‘ Vmng as a mag-Hriun aaapxa 'm-JV “Ar:1bre>Agecs“\ and Mu! maMaya “uVesh'n?au wovemenf Vin whuvcver 9:/rm mauv\devw‘1mz>vnrpmgmmand \¢c1dc:sMp‘wns ht»!-Mg W n ma 3; maaawmy gun_ er; '\mpcr~/T943

H: human reason ma max: ddcgufiun avuoxedIrvvW?v1g ma P10 in NW Vork on exacfly Mm ba—

5:‘. mm, ma vat: came, wax Aviv‘: my cHIcs

were Hm Amcviccn, Eoflvxan, and Daminicl:-1 R::—

awn; ddcgariuns, an mm. represenrufivss :1gcverrvuenvs whose Commhmevw m human righu -m

general and ma ‘ighv agam anH—Sem?fi7sm in mamm are warH—Tamous. The aspxamana aaramsFor ma .

orfixfi gym on ma quesfian :3! ma mm;a: Hm no are convmucirions 0F ma paH7Tca\ de—

Fem vtpresenred by Vim C‘r.fiaber‘«‘/av av um. maylv|<ewT>c rcflecv ma Trvcrv.-nshvg vrengfih and -"maonce on ma inficvnatwonfl scene of We Arm: nflingclussex. may do HOV, huwevcr, rcpvcscn: x/Tcvnvics

2

ARAB EAST

rer Uh: Petemeren Hbevafiun movernent er For mesfiruggb For Vb: Arab wcrarisv revelufian, of whichrne Pcflafinian movemenr‘ r. e per.Mereeyer, rune rxererzen er rne zrenaer .rere and rrne

eerrrreer changes eezne ee among rne Ynlcxrrnranneeeereme reree rrre my me: danger er e naw en-eveeaen erwer :e rne Arab seer — zn spire e: rrreeenranereg enelernerre wnrrt and the new errer errne euye erenen.

The PLO- how big :1 turn?me znrereerrenel reeeenr-r:en er rive no ha: beeneeeerneenree by rne dkcovaty by eeeere like 6:»eeree Forefgn nnanmer rsrer rne reeeeeme err Has

no nmso revobfionary errer en rr nee akabeen accompanied ey e xefious Yum cn rrre errereeyer the mo, e mm rner em he nenrreeree by me

no \eadersNu': de reere reeeenarren 0F rhe :xix~renee errne Ziunigfismle The pmparwiun rer rrrermm by me no Ha: eenereree crfscs ene shukewpxWM-win rune wereerz en rneyeerenr, eee zr wiH un-eeeereary eenrrnee re do so rr.er much Hm beenneree ey neerry eyeryeeey, eern among rrre r'n?er—

nersenex reyelerreeery movcrv-en? ene umorq Ir: up—

ponerm. aer who! nee ner been nerreee so ereerry(ene re rvevcrmdcse mere! rer eneererenerrre rrreeyerer-ren er rne vereeranren neyenenr ene rrre mksuFvavoh/Hunaty Nmxm: rrrrrnn rr: r, the asset‘? ereerrneer clam" Wlaf me eerrrre er rrre P['oTe§e—e"‘er.;e.*me pvesen! Pak:5\'m'run eeeenreeriere enereee 0:mass max/emems in rne wake er rrne eereer er Junev9:.7, wnren exposed KM, bcmkruplty er rre Amereg'rmes ene rnerr aneen-rry re eereee rne Arab nu—

raen eeernsr zrenzrr aggvcsficn er AH“ wee re A/agee reev erreeere ugairm rne rereerr eere. aerere rmrrre no was e ereerere er rne League er Arab Séurcx,rr was In body wirh ne mus: base ene 7uncrTonm.' un-der rsre enreer eemzeex rerel ee er rrre Nasser m—gime. we ereereerr rner rel: eeen rne Nc1xs:rgav—ernnrenr became er rne rm eeeeere nisa arwebpedrne ere noaer re rne surptisz er rne usreer: nrrere, rree V957

war em ner reeelr rn rrre eernererrzeraen er rrre Arabrneees, Deane rm ene wee organizations rnerhad nirnerre eeee small and Ielafively inacrivepTckL-d ee rrre erreuenee eeeee by rne eereer andbegan re wage armed eerren. eeermr rne newly ex—

eeneee borders er rne reeeu stave. 5y rha springer was, rue new Puksnman mavevrenv nee becomee rvvms reree in rne Ame Ens). “In mo wm erreereere re. gide. re hs ereee emerged reren, rne rereesres me Pexeerzn-ren ereeetzerrere, and e number ererner rern.er;ere Mm! grew eer e; rne ere Aree Nu-lionulk) Nnvuvtenr (seen ee nee veeerer rrenr re.4

rne ueererree er Pdesfina, lee by George Habosh,ene Hoe Derneererre Pewter rrenr rer the UbevmiunaVVu1uH»e, e eezrr srenr rne mp lee ey NeyerHuwemrewr

Feren, rne orgun'rzavTnn rrrer re neeeee ey Arererere ha: firm: mken eyer rne no, ezrrerea rrernrne pre—IVé7 no re rnree reneenenrer wuyx. Fm,reren bamd ree-rer. rrre nerren er rneeeeneeneeIr m rne Arab reghvvei. rne eeneenr rner rne 57:1‘:-s—

Tan rieereraen erreeeue had re ee wee ey rne ?aV:x—

Tam rnenneryee ene ner ey errrer Aree eeyern~vnerm, whuxe ruck ex eezrr-ry erereyre re eeeneerZionism nee -eeen demermrared enry ree ernery,was eenrrer re rne reeereey er reeerr St<and,ynrre rhe ene no vcxlriclcd Tvs eerry-rrree re rneeuerenerre ene pvapagunda arena, Fa1chreHcd enmbil sen er rne masses er vereer-rexen re .g2¢s,

svrnsxmg rrre reee rrrer rr rne \r'btrm'rmr er vereerrneeeexe ner be eerr-ree eer ey rrre /Krah regrnree, rnetask weeur rreye re ee eeeenerrenee my rne errneeam/99‘: ey rre Paicsrrnruns rnemeeryee me, rererrcaHt=.d rer pe:rpV¢‘s wm agcfirrsr rae rereerr erere eeeparamxr ene T‘ flcfined r'rxe\F as eerr 0’ rrre wur\d—

we sirurjgkl 0' ma co\on§u\ yrerre ngu-nsv rneerrrn we ene mas‘ rneerrenr, rererr eerrree eerE95 words . ereerree rrere n , eerrwreerrre Q><-erernnre Hm nufid rer armed erreeere, rrweeee r-r.

Ane nor’ wrrrreer c<m5:dEmbVe suzcess

wrreegneer rrre Vunm -renrer ms, err er wee,ene neereu ,

rrre Puregrrnran reaeyeee wagedeerry raids en \:rcmH harder perm‘: and eeeeeyrrrg‘ova,-x rnmerrrrg eexeezrrer 7H(1‘wcrc ner ererr rn—

ezeemeenr in u eeenrr-r whom r er eeeeverren Ts

enry ereene 3 rwimbn rererr 5 sewer er errreerren(and Ham er err 12-: errrer ovgamzuhcns er rne Pales-’n‘ren veflstancc moxcrv.-rut’ was based en rrre reer

r2.er rr was eereeny wn ne e rrenr eeerner 7r'or: 311,rner '13, rr was rrre neeerrnenr er rrre reyererrenerywTWa1'i!\c were ren and en rne Amb mane: reeeerey rrre up:-cram: muxrd c<r\y raspcmsibka rerrnezr apprc-s5Tun* rne reneen erere

xn en rhcse neepecls, rrre pos'—|9b7 releerrnrenmovemem reererenree veeerrenr udmnces rer rrreArch revolufion Neverrheless, rrern rne very eer.eer, rrre rneyenenr Vor rerner, rne eenrneer eeerzener rr, mpvcscnved ey rerew eerreree rren weaknesscxrher nrnzree re reyererrenery rere and were eeerr-neere ereer. zvcn warn Fufieh‘5 rrrree bufic ideas as enu-nereree above. me exsence er rneee wcakrmssex canbe summed up in rrr-re way: Farah‘: eerr-rseel pmgmmneyer wen! eeyeee bourgeck nerseneraen Va: uxprexsedze H-m crgunizaHun‘x ereerernnerze eeer- e eeneererze,xecflarsrme in vereerrner. Ar rne same limz, rne 3o—

eier eeee 0F rne ereenreenen was rnrree re .ereeees,e reer rner ereyea rne poulive rere er eneewrnereren wrrn rne reyererreneryeeeeerry enereerernF those who have rernane re reee, eer eree eenee.

med .... ummulism mm left an Ambridgeabiz embefween me armed xmzggle irse\Fund me ulfimmeprugmmmufic geex. To em a. meme. way, Funkwax an e.g..n:.em... me. Wm xeeeieg a mm move—me... Le. was unable ru ewe. H-ml mm/amen! eifiver orevolumanary-see.-aimprogram :0 one... he mnv=—mam‘: general .ne.egy or a ..e.emeee\ programewe n. mend me best: er me meyeme... and leadn Uwrovgh me compVe)<Tricser me xeevar and paw-:ee\...e._.g1e ec me raglan.

Tw; veneeneerev weakness was txplexszd ... a mum-ee. uF eeeeme e.eee.me..e me. became emeaere.er the me». weeeeeme Hm them was me em.‘gene as “mnTnVer‘eren::“ in me ufluh: er Arabgovnrn-nuns. we 'eu‘.iry, we mean. rue. Fem.eeexe ee. eneme. ro Ink: an ucfive pen in pen.-Ira} xrrugghzx 7n Jordan, Lebanon, or Syvia Inc! tomenfiien geyeu. A :crDHur‘( pfinciplc wax me. mePexe. mun emeexe, wmxe c.e.e...eHy ...»xe.ee H:

We VVVDVE genera‘ Arab meeexe, was eeye.me<eednsfincrfror-.177. 1.. p.eenee, we mcun? me. me

he; between mmm. an peasants and rewemnaenn=HAg:t=§ 2.. lardan, Vorexumple, wer: held .e bc.exe<y T"umnT: on me one hand, raver. ee.e'e—fie'w*‘y clppnsed nae...-..:e. a<vM':'\pu1Ian v. peusnnl.~...._.g\e. ... Jordan and Lebunvrv 'cm flue eneeeee er‘nun'm?erFeren:e“., and an me afiher ‘wand, rem.

never encouraged Jovdarfiun or Lebunew peusunk... eeewae eeuyexy egeam mes. own govern»-mm:.-e e..e..e.. er u e r=e\em..ae.. srrugglc ‘on We groundsev vewemeaen xpccffichy‘,

we :on<:ep'$ 9‘ .e..:...e.re.e..ee ‘m we err .5 erAmh slums mud of r=e\e.r.m'e.. par?"

e-my pmducv: aF rerewe bourgcofs per. -eex ;:m—

e..... me. pmgram emeeeee me pcssibiliry ofdasvraymg we Zfomsf xtufe WTVHQM u Wvoruwgh

going .eye:.mee Tn the some‘ relmians ;ureva\')TngTn me Ara}: Ens! :. hm, we met. weeeee regardedwe mgexe eeem me Zhnkr stave FAmdumen7aHy

e u meggxe V0 enm;e...e Fmm Puieerfnc an: er meBackward xafia‘ forces me. we eueeay been eum»Emma From :0 writs we Egypr, sy.:e, and ‘mu:nemexy, e .eu -e.e commun y Wm. e eemmenewweeeeewe enyeyweg vasfi pvF\/Heges me menJews We conceived of as : exy e :uHecrTcn erca—reh'giunI:fis, W755 e ..e.;eeemy. Hm zae ..we wax regarded as an extreme rem ev rc\Tq ...ee....e..n..\:.».. me. nee been meeeed an r=eve.u..eby ameem. Sm, ewes. me rem» lander: e...:e...ee.4as e.. essenfiafly eermeel phenomennn ee.erm.ger me dommmiun oiweuk mneee by wrong one:me, N: we rem» Vandals, me megxe agvirmme zzenaen We .ep.e.e...e.4 e convergence er meSrmggle ug1:imV impcriufism and me meggle egeznnCummunaflixm; the eeex was a xweepTngsecu\un'xuHun,me: 73, me abulifion e; reHg aux gmymeee and erme z:ee:e.—eece.eed Tsuhfion er we Jewish and

Muslim communmes «mm each eme.. me. is, megnu‘ er me xfiwggle was 50 demncrufize and sear‘ufize Ftflesfing 1.. the some way sgye. had beendcmocraiizedand seeulurized by me Nasxefisr .eye-lufion or hang damncm zed ....e see.4e.:ze.: ene.the dexrruzfion 0.‘ me monarchy in W53. me Fufiurc

m.e.e.ea Pu‘=VTne, med by e ee«.ee..me and warwe. more, would take Vvs pklze among the modern-ized, or\VT—ImperialTxr stale: er the .e.. e; me Arabwane and or me ervfire w -.e wene -‘

TH: per my pmgrum, which served V0 isalute meFu‘esfi'mi<!nstruggle from me workers and peamm!s?ruggV-: we we rm! er me Arab Euxt, also had im—

memme imp\ir,aHorvx For Ike day~.‘u—duy eeeeee.er VH2 snuggle The mam: oi vewemmens Tn mereregee came. we named In me banner at me re—

xkfiuncc mevemenf [and e:;>e:7c1Hy Va mew wereafirravcted 10 me mcvemem ee. betcmsn H was ;..eeea—Trvg democracy, but because n was eemeuy waginga .eev...eeg1e egene. me lsmel? we. when meyemered me», my me educuked :.. me gem. oFIv: program Eu! by Tr; very vvumre. Mai programheld C... rm pas$il:T[T7y (or me .eeemze.:ee of mePulesrirfium around .*ramir'wL7ncV demands. barredthe veremmen. we... ...e.g:e9 em. me muss mav —

menvs er me Arab counrriex xurmunufng Eras‘exduded me posxibflfly of nyxeg in draw me men:working maxe; ....e rhc mgexe eeene. zzenzsm,aewemg a posihun e.. me \sran|' Jews me. was nutenmexy fie: of e>.aey:n-em. v. Lflrecked me Paleyn'nTun mm xohly sewem we urguniznfion es We

refugee camp; 50 me. mey m'\gN become bums re..e armed meeexe nguTnsV me brad} me, A; new

exury as me. unwed meggxe wax and :s. Mon: :.was s.. rm wL1y3uNiI:'\eN rem.’ ;..g W; mobi ,zenen 0.‘ ‘fun >..\e..:..:e.. mussex ezme. .-.. me me-gee camps or m we .e..we..e. under mew". D::\/pa‘ne...

me eemnemeenen of me :>eremn'.en .e.me..eemavemem e. :3, mew ...:re.ee {Yuma e.e«e....:eemeazene. The eexmeex pmgrurv and emeezegm‘ uF me movemerv was huurgcok 1.. numre, ob—

kr.fiivex'~/ expresfing Me dais Trweresk e: We Peleen..:e.. hourgzaiswe Tn exue oe;eenyeAy, me caH«e. u dewacmfic, sgcxfluv amt: 'm vewemne me...»me es\nbV?xhn\cn>ofnnmhar e urgeuisxtum, win‘:xe own zlasx Urutlurc, r\t.1vFonu\um‘ncm, eee searTn Vhe Unimd Nafinm we Vcudgrsffip e. me movg»man? we peny bmugenk in compcxifion and pew.Tcc‘ colxsdcusness, The socitd beee of me muvemenrzey among we eeueexee eweeeee uF me .ereeeecamps, through I%7-W7o :. never pevvewmed meP..sem..:e.. woykavs and peamms DF the occupiedVevviruvy :.. any xeflou: way. rm. e.ese....e eeexmeewe" berween program and base was .e renderme myeeem Tncapuble ec meenee me chuHcrxgeev irs msks.

ARAB EAST

The first crisisDaspcca cna imemhznx ac lhe sacan Ieadersifip, madynamic ac the Paizsfiuimc snaagca cnayccascy nlcuberlwan Me mHng mam ac ma Arab notes wirhircwnzan ma moverven? was raaaccancng. rna manaasnbm: aF cna movemem ccnaaanaac was, cm, andmus! of 1070 was Jardarc, mm: man nacr or whosepopulation T3 PuVe;!Fn'curc As cna refinance mo»/e—

mam grew, it progressively cock uvtr aamzasmaczanac ma refugee camps. cn aacaaazna iVxc\F agaTnsfimaalc anaaus ana ugaTu'r mcnmptx by ma Jerdunfanmgime ta rexrvicr in rvflmacy npecuriorcs agacnscVsra->\ ma movement caana hsell <:mrcpcH:d Tncrcexv:nacy ca rake udmmixrrmivc: aaaaac over me wasiernxecrcorcs ac Jordan By Me nccaala ac cm, ma Inlay‘eerc naa mar: man 10,000 aaayaca under arms, axhuofion ac aaac power was anaracna in Jordan.We mare vivur-zed aecriom ac five Palamn-can naya—men? rack yam ca exrend may dmnrinn. Popuhxrm as wave Farmed akmgside can: "fuH-)Fme" 9u:r—rc"‘a5 In some areas, pnpular aaanam were mamaHm? repregemed aazannac organ: amaca puwerma regime of xzna Hmsfin wood ca xefiow danger.

me lea/AersofFa>ch, prisorcecx ac fiheirconcewiunsac rcorcircrcflsvmrce m ma affairs wf Anaca scare; anaar Pahniniun aancaacanun, were <:omp\ec*e|y \m—preouwd for [he cncanmy ana barbarism ac rcaaaaK-spams co me cnraac in his «ace cn Seprernbercm, wnaa Hussein‘: army caananaa cc: aaaacc oncna Pn‘csHrcTDn rah/gee amps, ma refinance caanaTue“ caacna an enemy ac ayaamalncna aaaancanccycn rroops and eqx/Tpmenr The raaayaan waca TmhredImm ma ancy c‘avce rho’ could have suvad mem-zna Jordnmun peaxumry ana gmcemciar, The vesuhwas cna denruzrion a; the mclscary powev of caresixmrcce, ca pamaaac eccnzaarcon from Jordan(.‘oHowed Tn c«,=7c ay Tc; anyacaac alcnncnacsanc, andma Icluvdec by Hv:xeTrI‘x iroaps aca; many us comePuigsrcrcium

Hussein‘; vicrory Tn "re W70 aw war inaugurateda aanacac shifi in me man: cn ma aacmaa ac maArab Easr nac nu? ancy cna- H aha cm Me ma»Vance rvcwvtcvrem an nan Tr: - sodcfl base, werccaaaaa ccycna ca Jardan And 7cHm wed anypasscbc Tky ac ma FL-dayccrc cnrcfimnng mac: Jordon-based armed nccicms aaacaa ma Vsruefi mccccanyThe cancer ac we resktonce muvemzm anmaa InLebanon

cn M: wake ac we Jordarfion civfl war, me Veedersac me Pacamn an movement we faced mm aamcaac choke Seclium oF ma muvemem Producedimpresfive cxrccflysex of «ca remans For me aecaac cn

Jmdarc am ccna nca.arzcy at me Iaaaaanaa, espe—asauy tlvn Fureh caaaeanza, chase ca nnhclain caam pnlicy and simacy aaaac in acaanxcy In ma newcircurrsrancex ma aanayac “rmninleHeren4:e"a

was confinued — this time cn Lebanon Ina 7eday-aan Tn Labaaan reml: ed can ax hoisted from mascraaaxex ac ccya Lebunesz pecxums m may naa beenFrom the Janaancan pemanlx. When cna Lebunex:guvernmevcl aaaanaa the iedayeen camp: caannaunder «ca Same son ac aamaaman :1: Hum cn had),Vh: Fatah Iaaaaa mught ca avoid a rape! can asthe Jucda n delea! cay conskienfly rank 5 coirzeniom ca cna v:gTme, pramismg ca re .ac opevu—nan; ogairm 2 maacc army, ana dec yacy re-yaacana any

‘

fzrference" cn Lebanese volmcx.wnn armed ucvfnns Fvam Jovdurc an ac ma quemnrcana cnasa Ymm Lcbarcon yamy reduced, ma ruckrune: mavcmnnr xmod Tn danger of \osc'nq W; Meierpower a: amaanan For ma raramncan muses We

fact may H was waging an urncd maagca aaacmcma mach" scan:

De ed ac ca mass base ana cn danger ac camnaunder ma mrduge ac ma Arab aacnm a. ma Sameway the aca no aca, nne naaacanaa muvemem nzaaVa nxserr irseNy maTNm'n'c>1 appeal, ana urevemH55 vacamnaan pmblem nan being agacn shumedascae cc confirmed ccca annaa maaaca cn cna aacyway Er :euId‘ 5maH aw spectacular ucfiam cuccirdout by Veums ar aaancccaa. PnlTcuHy, vhe Facancaaaaanca defended caacc ay camna back on am.vm:M5c‘cc prunuwccemgmx aanaanna an bavcbasr, aa.acarcna naaaacaacy mm were aaaca be na xerflerncmac me Arab-‘stun’? conflicr wmcour Hbemrion acan ac Pacamna and aam-as dc’p\nmmic pressure ancna Arab nave; ca prevercc men From cn Fmsefirlemevcr tmhind the backs ac ma Pabsbinccn pee»pk. We reniscunce cc-ovemerct send u? an Tmpasse.c: was anaace ca carvcmle ma xcruggha agacnac macaaacc scale We way 7‘ naa before. Ac ma samefin-e, cna leadership of ‘H: movnmem, maacamynnacncncnana me am aaaacnan-an ara bourgeckaanccaac pmgmm and day—vo»duy uWmaYT3m, wasunable ca develop any new ways araaan-n..:ng VH9

Sm/§S‘e

Ociober ‘I973The Oc7aberV/ur ac W73 changed Wu: wnaca shun-vian The rexuhx ac cna war ana Hm cmzrgence atan Arab nuance c awac wacn saascanccac pcwer cnin¢erv1atTona|noM' =5 pram ma prab‘em ar c" dingu -‘aaaaacax 5MHemenb" of His Arab-\xrL1e‘Tcuvc"Tc§nu ma order at me day. [See VNPRECDR, Na 3,July 4, “saw Manrhx After the Ocinber wan ANew szmacian Er-nergcng, and Nam nacaaa.c7, "An Arab and Iranian Fcnanaa capccac Emacs, >

cn ch: Vmmediurc anennacc. ac Vb: Wm, cna mayVance ca dership Tuned a caw ac ca usual pronounce-n-cams z‘

mus cnaca 75 na ceme—I?n.-, ‘- M :2: ~rune: recognize: no dcmngngemeuly -‘ acc.). Bu) assoon as ir baname clear mac Vberc was a real pass?’

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."?§e' at _FaIeh its reyolutionuryfact 1' n‘ wu_s waging

contentytruggleagainst imperialism 8; zionlsm in rearllfe.”

n men. wirhdmv/3‘ rmn me e; fihe rer-nrnry ; ed during rne rm uggremen, ~ne rem-ren Icadcrxhip begun We ohm H: pc5:fi'\on The

eemer oaererane znnccm became prevermng mm».rren reenrem-nnrng eenrrox over any fiernfiory me7ren:er mere rnagnr he corvvpe“cd re reuneu-ren onme ‘Nev Bank av’ me Jordan RTVM. The arwe ecme no re ge-rn reeeenmen cg me ml: weemrnme

u‘e:?Tn'xcn peapre Jhe nexr5 me cgrubhkhmen? er 0 Fewes-

re:-rexenfiaifvc cuffweereex sea? ‘rn wnrrrnr-en governmem \docx ner represen? anychange 'm Fmehk wag mafia gees, H '\s>)mp\yrne com7num'mn and cap rm-on re rne Curran’ fir-zumsfunces aF me urstvrfizu 3 basic nreeepreever nnce ‘us Fmmdufirn: Md: dance ham meArab regmves and wnnnernenr Ow ne ?uVesH'n7unsmrgde re me l'm~T*: or me swrereo:s—aeneerur:erevem-ren, Wm :1fiab\ishmenr of :3 Sw men? In2x7‘: and me dfivc Ia emery» u Paleon 0nylc1H'?0r\/from whkh me \sraeHdraw: New from FufieH's shun.-gin: pDU;y W

leg-re Undcr rne presenr e- cumsmnce; Fig mg «or

u we nn We West Bank 1 My me rnee: eF5e:-we way of <:umTrw?ng me errnegxe For u dew-ucratk,secular smle r-n I-ewemne me new Far me wenBunk vale expresses on Ike one rmna rne reex ea.Vance mar me eee~.v9A7 rmrenee leadership rep—vmenred over me em PLO (The om PLO er snu-kHu'wy would undovblefly have eceepred Hussein‘:recovery of Ike West Bank rn exchange Var me up—

pownrrnenr of a Yew PLO emem; re paxfis in me Juv—

eenzen government were can be no am. er :1‘!

rnar such a mm-on wmfld be the one prererrea byan ‘he Arab sIr::c; or rne rcgmn, wrzvn rnn. excelrNew or syrm. The Shukhaily no wmfld have airguged In no banlc w-rm me Hussein regTme overtunnel er Vim Wes: Law 1 on We erner hand, nexpresses We Fundumemal Tncapufiry er a but/rgeuixand p¢Hy—bowg:o1s weeaersmp ra wees n conflsmn!xfimggk 09mm‘ 2 sm — For me very fiw-pk r=u—

son rnur xuth c. srwgg «Mm usm1QS\e agar-nereenirexm Sochzl mkni Wxrcughcur we Arab re—57am rne eeeeprenee er a Wax? Bunk nanmere byme no (men rnpuex ucceprunce fer cl eerrernHm: or me exmenee at N»: Zizmisv me and mercprcsflon er en Mme not Tncfincd in 9:. arenawith rhm pcflcy‘ :5, to be sum, a be1myuVo‘r|vePewen-nrznn cause. any ar 75 a berm! rner derivesnm Fro he no‘; ubundunmem ea T93 earner posT—

Hans bun mlhcr vrern We cunfinuiiy er mes: poshVions Ir :5 me inevhame bclmyul er a bourgeoisveaaerenrp of me erruggwe kw nmzonew Hberafionin me are er ‘rrnperrenenr.

The leadership cf me no srTH H0143 re we 7ang—

rern. gem of cslublkhfng n demucmfic, xtuflur slufiern Paknfine. In any case, rner 75 what Armin? saidur Kim United Nerm And there i: no mason nervo bdinvc nzn an rm; more Fm Wm rum. |eader—:WD, Ike dcmocrufic, seculul slufie we: never an;e7ved ch: as trun:HTorvu1or?mnediur: demand.M was me preerrernrnerre seen, me rrmrnare mrgzl.xn the 9&5), the rare» weeaere beVi=\/ed rher nondi-rrenx Tn me Arab Euxi were xuch ihut rm; gee: nesfld

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rne Rahal summh :9 ar to arerear soaar er rarsaxrrarn anaerng zr In rne Future.The UN raeearr, rrran, murksd a mm in rne no-r

arnerwe rrnrggie. me no has now ueweweawner appears re be see: ve reeaanrrien lrom rrre

Arab rrare; (rrre rarnrnrr aeexaea rnar rne no, Tn

re eeaaeny m rne rep'cs=n!aITve or an embattledcountry, was enrmea re a eranr rran. me on pre-aaa-rne aaanrrrer vr war eer ar sso nnmen, wnxen

we assume WW udequula wycover anerarzne, expenxexr)

ma Hex? step for rne nc -re ra earazn rrre game younf recL7gm')Ton rrern Anrerrean r-rnnerrenrrn Tn oreerrnerweenrngran may order Te! Am to rregerrurewnr me no aver rrre rarare er Vhe West BankFor rnar, nawewar, Arararwm have vocame upMm rane sevbus guarantees Ana rnerewn nee rnearaaxerr

rrre erreemnnrenrar a Pewerrwnian nnzrrare bevweenVsruzl and Jon.1anTs‘m no way aeanaanaxe wxrnrne rnrarerrr ar ms rnaerxrruea, providzd men arrere would nar serve as cl Fecux er pchnctd up—

seem and revoh/Nuvuary aauerxen \Nux'¢7ngmr\‘sbasfc ea eern T; r nennrezn :apx'IaHsfi expYoVufiianena new in rre reghm. aern rne rrraeurrare and rne Husxeivv reazne ‘ave demnnsvrared rnarmay eaa ae rm aaa aa rr wen we rm has mad:no such demamfirwinn, 1r rr nor ezmeanr ra Tmnghewnnr line no ww huv: H) ae; IT: ra WTH weenraerenx eennaerrce. rrrrr, rr w-ru nere re rarrnawruvounce armed rrrraawe ax a manna er Hberaiingvaremne This Amfar has Mreudy eere erere redsfing Vn an 5rvN:rvTv.~w wr-rr. rne Anenear. rawewmennefiwurk ABC grtmhzd rm aerare he Ierr «er New‘/ark, Ara5crxcITd' ‘As rne eraerer rne nc

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ac-eerrr ae renener acvion [my caV=5urT(u“y, re —

mrixm re Tnaompufime warn aw Mw'1anT?arTan pun-crnser. u ‘re aar aarr-rare rar xg re adopt rerrer-nrn,e$pe:'\u“y egnrnrr erwrnanr.‘ Pk rernarr nbou) Ikeerwe aranen and rrre Vrecdom-FTgMer‘$ gun has anurvahwguus neenr-na H wacrrrraron can eanvrneerne xrraen reeane re be rearanaaxe, rne no wiHabandon armed ucfians, -r:warn'rnaren eenner doW73, rrre armed aerzanr wm be eanr:n_.ee as e we,or narnne prexsurt on both waernngran and Ten Am.

B.» mare rnan rner am be necessary. rne nm wiHewre rare '3: prove rrrer re eeeeme or repvesfirgthose rereer an rne vewerr zen rnewe-near rrar areno! wrmne re uccepr rne Wes! Bank smre er ruesemen eeearren or armed srraggwe, Mereower,sham American TmperTa\ n. decide mar rrre no:1 X:H'uux anear TI: eemrnrrnrenr and ubmly ra rneertlvcse guummees anarneala rrre xrraen rrare ae—raaur be ranaenea re eeae some ar rre werr Bonkre rne no, rnere wru be a rraneang Ihreal e,Waxlfingmn ar Tel Aw ra nrmrrrrny Tntervenexwimy aaa mauT\/ely it me nc were ever re prcvezaerrearire Tn mpprcfiing rne revohfianery Imme-

nrenr Tn rrre new Yaksfinxun mre. nre Feduyeenwho yesterday naa aa;..rea rrrerr Kalashnikov rmeraaaxrer rne occupying troops as the !smeH armywears have re pain: rsnen Tuxleud ar rne Arab wnrk—

er: and peasants nF rrre weer Bunk rne armed rereerer rrre no weuld bu lrumiormcd rnra rne guardkxmer baurge vew and araer, rne-an a, rne aenaenmrr: BoH'nT were rrarasarrnea znra rne shock Hoopsenrre M; urXe1-«mun rear e cflerfiunglndnhwon HS znaepenaenee

A Palesfirfian erare an rne weer Bank esremzrsreaunder xuch aarra re waaxd rn na way be a rrepForward var rue Puluvirfiun Heerarzan rm>v:meN arrar rne Arab rerasmnnrryrrnrggre. H wea:a ran‘an Ihe aanraeax (and perhaps phyficah ewnnrnarzanar rne Arab vanguard, Vhe aerneemrarsan er rhePc1\e:rT an Manes, rne ae were recaanzraan ar rrre

xscurfry anne zranrrnraee, ar.a- rne unazaarranof rne Iaaresrxnaen cause ax a rneamzrng raarar inrne Arab sarr as a wnaxe. Iv :r cm\y under man aan—emanr rnar u s. Tmpefiulixm would lcflermetheerraanrrrnrerrr ar rr Pnhsrinwun rrnre an rne ‘NewBank nne erare would nar have been won rnraagnsnuggle, bul H-v:ugH an agreenrenr zaaeuee up errrre rnreer er armed force) to cease rne xlrugglerne wTnners rn suzh u seifiemerfl wearer be Are —

can Tmpe W51, rhe Araa eeargeame (anawearnaIr; Pcflenvnlun earnpenenn. and ‘he Zxanm rt/Hng

dun. nre VuVes4TnT:n rvnxses wears be rne sarerr.

wnerner rm: erereer can Ev: areaanr re rramen,however, rr emTve7y anerner euerrven rne suddenincrcaxe in mus: aarawarr aaannr rne arraeu <x:cnpa—Han arnang rne Aruba er rne West Bank, wrrzen hasnaw arrarnea In nzanerr level rrrrae 1957, dev:\nn—srraficx rnar rne no may have xerinux diificulriesrn pmvTng Ers ubilhy m eanrain rne meagre er rrre

mnsxes me no is eeeuna ra use rner ximggle ara means erexerr-rna Prexsure on wasnanaran andTen Am Tn arr Fight rer arreer neearzarxanr aerweenme no and the rrraeu erare. Bur ra whatever ex~renr rvrar sin/flS\e gels Du! ar rne ennrrer ac rne no,warrn-neren and reIAwrw wm be lhuk rnuen were

.egg ra aeeepr rrre no-5 gaaranreer. paraaaxrcuHy, rhe mobflizufiun er rre Paverrr-ngan mmsescf rne weer Bank in Favor ar rne non pmiecl maybe me very raerar mar arerenn rne areqear rrenraewna reenzea. me no weaaerrma hm mane itsTmenfinns clear Eur aerween anrennan and tapas»Tvy rnere er a waae guW.

Yawurd a fifth warrne danger oFe rrmr Arab-lsmali war rxerzwer fun—

dumenlally rrern the zri 5 now rersezna \srae\T m—

defy. Tel Awwr rnreraariarral irawarzaa, r:H¢cFedrn rne UN were er. rne no, ar vivluuily campleie.Ire pen Icu‘ crisis ar rne ranrrg clas pmvnked byrrre “eurVHquuke" at rrre Ocwbev war aaa zrr arrer~

ARAB EAST

niein nes neudfly eeeeenea. (see "One veer Afrervhe ‘€ar\‘hquul<e,"‘ wriisccii, Ne,ii, Ocmber31.) Now, me eeenernie visis ha: provoked gey-emmem meaxums whose eneen en flue israeli messeswm be nerning short oi eeveeneeirie. on me mom—ine cf Neyeneer ID ine lxme pound was devalued42 pevcem, ene of me iereesr ngle currency de-valuation: in vne reeen. nisrery er eeeneiisrn. inaddition, e serier er neesnrer weie mken V1-im megeyemnen. deemed "necexury .e rne xu<<e1x es inedevuiuafion.“ ine price ei iereae Wm doubled, ineprice ofsugqi rripledy me price of cooking oTl wentFrorri\EV.05!oIE1eM}; rhe prT<:esoVwa1er, gas,and elecmziry rar nene comurnpfiovi inereerea ayeeariy 100%. Import ei .i.i.ryre-eeiiea luxury iiene(including aeienieieiies ene .eieyi.. ns) Wm suspendedier six neniie; mes en .ini..y—nine ainer hens wereVricruxscd by |O—207/e me rruve! tax (einergea rerraking e irip oinoi me eenniryi wa increased ey25% and iron um to i5=/. er ine iere. sieie Fondsub dies were en» in i.eii. rne price ai neeiweimixed N: en average of neeriy :5 e eeene A::erd—ine in me governmenrk own sieiisiire, ihe eaei eriiyine went up by 17% in one day! And inis in ecaumry in wnien revvii price: nave eireeiiy risen349$ sinee January I974 and in wniei. rne influfianmic could reeei. 5024 next year‘ As ii In leave nodoubt ab ... wnere me gcvemmen!‘x pneriiies iay,Prime M isrer Yirzhuk Rubin aka announced in...me "defense" bi/dgev, which uccaimled rer 173% aime yes; neiienei yroducl eeiere me oeieeer Wm,weeie increase ta 33%

Minisier ei Finance vennsim Kn ne explainedme. me measurex ai "<iuuerT?y" were essenlial iersiepeine me “hemurr}iu9a" eienneney irreei‘.eeianee er pay!»-iems deF?:Tl‘ in. vm ir exeeeieato ee rnere men 53.5 ii.a.een.: n-iTHi:m, r-nree iimeswnei irwm in I972. cerreney ruerves iieye beuihalved aering ine pres. ren n.an»i.s (no 5900 niiiiieniand me Emmiry is cilmudy se ineesene niiiien ineiem “N we hemvrrkage nee zcnfinued, ‘- Reeinervii: snie, n six neniin. nur economy wuuid haveguiferad Vanible enneeyeis, ene we weeiri ireye hadioa,oi>o unemployed -' “Th: irnnieaiaie aTm, ii cam»merited me Neyeniieer ia issue or riie sn weekiyine eeenenisi, iii kt inereye Israel's beienee eipeynenn by 3700 nriiiien e year, by a iirere emin pvivaie curismvvpiion oi Same si eiiiien <rniiiiardi

e yen! Aiineeen sneeiai taxes neye beensieeeeeen bank and 'ruuvun:e eaneeniee, and eeeiieigains tax is being inereeeea )0 so per eeni, ii isthe weee—eerner ene hovscwiie wna wIH inei menew ausrafiiy nesi. "

Mereeyer, rne crisis 53 no. .in.niy eenieneierai,“Unfi? ies. yeer, " ii. seenann.» wrme, --isreei neealways been able re emr in irade aeiiei. reiiner

easily hum imernaflennl eia, Funds reisea by worldJewry, and govemmeni band sulcx. Nov 5.0 this year.no

Amevicun msisiancz, now running er e recnm 5900.n:iiien e ye... grams and 5400 niiiian in Icons,pies warhl Jewish eeepen — likely in ieuei. mu.niiiien — eea up re si ,i e: en But rne Hkelydeficit I) 53.5 bmion.

"Bdvre ii eii nepeened, eeyeieeiien Fears had ied#0 e i.e.i.i—..e ei reeeeieiiye nes ens against meYxraeli pound unwirnaing mere sneeiei ieea re eniniiew ei MOD niiiien. International aid eeeneies,which have long disappwved er iereeiis xperidihflfieeeneny, ney aim now lend seine i.eip. ine inver-neiienai Meneiery Fund, ier nxumple, i.es ire. an.nuanced e 33¢ .niiiien iean ie lsnscl Bu? ii is dumb!-Ful ii the ireriiiieneiiy viral seep...» mixed by c'nar-ry iren inierneiienei Jewvy wiii pick up yei.

weninny individuuis, nesiiy in me uniieei Smles,ere ineneeiye. reeiine an in1Vuii'on and eeiiaesineworld flack exchanges. iieeeni rineneiei seanaeir... lame} neye nei neinee eiihere“

Under mes. circumstances, vim: eeeiereiien cf .i.eeeyaieerien and me emeriiy measures were re uni—

yeneiiy fleresvqd me. eyen rne iiisieerer, the so—

called rreee-enien me. is u;)uuHy e eiiier ei ii.siare cippamlis, ieii eieiieea na ixsue e prulesfWorkers iren rne Haiikvuh nearrer — me wars! slumin iei A y, inieeiiea neeiiy isy sennereie Jew: —

acted nere aireeiiy iney wok ro ine srreen, me-in; buses andsiuppirig irame Luicr, ubam 300workers rren we saw: re gnberneeri nneekea neiieeguarding ererei and broke inie eeyerei sieves, earry-ine en whatever iney eeeiei ._.e. A eenie wiii. rne

rior eaiiee wok place‘ chain H: y peeeie were re-eeriee erresrea T!-ic Neyenieer i2 be Maude re-pofled ineisrri-rei oak pieee ieseyerei ieeieriesie pmiest we en-sieriiy -viemurex

“fie earneineiien ei ine eeenernie and voiiiieei cri-ris is a deadly ene «er .-ne irreeii mlinq ckixs. meir..en.iiy es ine eeenenie dismvcl is ob»/Iwsiy romedin \srueI‘s enareeier as e zianir. uaie — ine ener-neee rniiiiery budge! and we eeane. e ieeierien esthe eannrry From .i.e neighboring cauniries eeineme Me eieeresi zieni ~di:7ermTried cauxes ei me

3 ii is bccuming ereesineiy eiriieeo rer ine

ru lug flax: ie sfifle epmeien in me government‘:yenee. eeenenrie mnaivre: en me grmmds in... nu—

iienei eniiy againsi ine Aree aggressor must be pre-served.

Tim rnesi abyiees reieiien ie me e sis would 5: rerHim i.~...»ee Snares Va ieeii irreei en. ei in eeonanieeiirieeiries. in exeinenee, wesningren would raquilepeiirieei oonzessinns fvam me Ismeli .eei.ne, pee-sibl neieeing reeogriiviun of me me as e nego-iienne pavmer in am farm er enarner, due regardbeing eiyen in iei Av -s neeei ier e. ieeeereyinaFormula. (Negoviufiom belween ki-eel and e "unhed"Arab eeieeeiien ineieeing members ei me no

rrrlgler be xuzh e cornele.) Over me long renrl,Washington could paint nu! In Tel Avl'v, a generalsenlernem er rne eenmer :.. rlre raglan lh:esrubllxhmgrlr dc e Pelemn an minisfiule er llre sorldemfibed ubovt edeld allow lame! re reduce 7+5

derenre budge! vwlly. we could go e lung waymrwurd eofing both me eelmeel and economic cvisls.

TM: 3:»? olmlullun 2; eleerly rhe one desired byu 5. mper'luVTsm, men will nee to rely de lereelas My mos? relledle eenderrne ln are Arab ze.r andhas ne desim rd see ere llmlor purmer mner ezlrrlclw-TI: eelleeee. H also e solution rrrer cddle lackyery unrncfivt re wlde eeerere er we lunch" rel:neclass. lrr reer, -rr Israel were a ndrnel baurgcclx

lsmc H

50;:lakesdeflmnsmzlov

dwdy

slate, rw would be mfe re preeser wl"h ccvrulnryrnel Mk relyued would be edepreeThe pmblem ls rner lsmel T5 eel e eeernel bourgeok

we lr e bourgeolxsfufie, ell rlgnr, but T5 75

also d 2; nixfsvuve nvut ls, re 2; e flare deyeleere me yer lrlgwherlng“ ell rlee world’: Jewsre smle rndr has lngemeree T9: currenr eepelelzenerr rne basis ufdlslocurlun er me Pale; .n.e.. Arab;and edr. preserve H5 exrsrenee de en exchalvelyJ::wTs!u sluit solely on me Lmxlx er mulnmlnirvg ne—

gemony ave! rne Arab East For reyer. years rnelxmcli govcmmcm has Twsislad en me lnullemblerlgm 0F Jews re kezp eenrrel of me West Bank; lrhm derended Jewish eolenlmnee of me West Banken rle grounds rlrer vne enrlre emnrry wax eereblzelred

rhmughsudl eole zurian lwnzee 7: me). H hasereered e chuuvirusr hysteria aguinsl Ma no inpnnlcuhr end me Pelemnlens l'n gerlzrql reel rlreeeyernrnenr Itself is now e prlsonu oi. Aeemenelly,a xubxmnfiul secmr er me lxraell rullrlg elee, -

cluding d good number of leedrne eenerele, is pve—eered re rake any measure neoesmry re block aredeveloping nzgofiafian ymceg rleee mmors, per-xorllfled by rl.e nrenleeel oenerel Ariel sneren andxupgarlcd by leeezng Lubar pony llelrree such asMaske Deyen, dveum er remrn:ne re rne swuggerirlqarrogant: er vw-W73 by unleuxhlrlg yer drrerlerbllukrieg eeelrer rne Arab flares nrey mason lneluml. uwurwele ledrrened, u 5 Frvlperiullsmwuuld leye no zhulcg W re uzcepl me I lclccorvvpl? and back up lsreel wirh ell rne vveuporu Tl wouldneed And rlrey ere probably rlelrr.

Ine lnrneeme danger dsfives from la we petu-er: es el rne Zlurllsr stale are Mn mer Yke com-..elr-er. of ecunuvvllc end pdlarreel crisis, 'lnfiamu>dnel ezelernene isulurian, end rhe eerrgyeelerelly

Favorable nmxery reklrionsh n er rereee Cauld reedu dedslve eeerer of me lereelr rullne clasx re rejectVwsslr Arafat‘; ollve brerren ene Henry melneer-xenern and up! instead rer yer arlo- er lighrnlng wuver nggressinn. lr TX hardly rlecesary re dwell en methrew: lnyelyed Tn see; an ncfian

nre Arab zeer mdayslunds rrer rnerely er e crass-mud: bur on U ruxmk edge. nne dllereerlye lo 0new eenlldgreezen appears rd be e mslerle uflemplM impose rne “petlzalul snlufinn, H wmen meansAnerledn lmperlalisl hegemuny ene rne cnrshlngol rne vanguard oF rre Arm: revohnion. on rlleDWIQV need, ma bankrupvcy er 2 rlism end meArab mllng classes was never more cryrne. Wu: anVempls re page rne "pcatcful solulian“ MH berrer by r-nereeeang eppesmen among the Arab msscxas me real enereerer 0' rkcr salurfnn becomes moreeleer. Vhe endlee Facing Pb: lsraeli-Jewixh wark—

ere — ecmvorvllz tnlmlvunl-we eee eereemel werldreor e break wrr-n Zlorfmu and -rnreerer-ren lnre rlren.~yel..r:e..ery simggle e: we Arab world — is beingposed ever mare xharply, Nam rnee ever zr ls eledrrner rne “Amb—l:mell' pmblrm" Ts saluhle ne: inPalestine lees; bu? enly en me scale a.‘ me enrlreregaen, Mmugh nxutinllsl revalm r. wneredr.creme rne eeremlere ler one ecclrlbmll: deyelepnerrror me region and ler Mae e n er rel-re..eloppression n ell Tlx lerne.

lr is far tho! aliernafive rner Me reyelmmeryNnrxlsls in Me Amb re n ere working voday,bar‘: Tn the Arab counmes and Tn lsrael reelsToday mezr size 7: small, but u wr-ll glow larger,ner enly btccluse lhelrsolulizm :5 lb: enly ererner jusl, but ulsa because er :5 one enly onerner is veulk e w

ITALY

TfDOIIIICALCDISIS

by LIVIC MAITAN

1n the 11:1 1,104 oF 1Nmco1z (Va 12, Noven-1~

bu 1:111; nubiished an arlicic 0:101 Hg 1».ecommi: crisis 111111111111 cupimlism The Fa1—

‘owing snide 0:011 W11» 11: ;.a1111w1 uixis111.11 1111; been me g iht 101119 cum Previouxarticles 1n ms-11sr:o11 have deal? W11» 1115 1a-xoerwe OF 111. 1m11a—. Communist parry M the.;e1=m1 CYTSU and mm :11. perspeciives ai me1m1u11m1y N‘a'><T57S of H-1e Gmppi Camu-

Amy CW1-0Groups‘, 11:11-1°11 zeclion oF the FW111 memo-11m1 1:0: Nn.E, Seo>em'ner19', and No.71O1:1ober3 1 111.: FA/lure Fsxue, we WiH P1010111

an analysis aF1he polity of We Dalian 1:14:11qrourx — 1NP11Eco11

W10 31:01 wave oi 51109915: arvd rag vus: plocesses:1‘ .w11'11¢u1 m101m:a11 that 0 gun

111 was had 15.11

rears 111 1:12 pmrma cumge; 11 economic WW1:and cum:ruaH' .1 01 mm Vorces mm mm occurred11. Ytulysince We beginning 011»; 1150;. 1.1-;e.1wg111o reculifihal there W03 0 gi;|um'1r. 101111

ex-am of VVVDYG 111111 A 11:11:01. people whn moved 1; Me

:'1eS between 1151 11.111 1957,» 11111: 1:, an “M1

uymg. :7 250,000. Bevween 1951 and 11071111, 1..—

1:111:11 migration 1.," 31 an m1r1uaiuve'age oI‘001000»111111: 0 neuriy “M1 number oi peep‘: we amigm.111g mm (Emigrufiun from 111. ¢w..11y 1.00 beeneven 1113151 between 1151 11110 1%: 1 Takenas 1:

wemc, Hue 511: 9111.. warking this increased 119111

0250,0001” 1151 10 9,0w,o0oi111v6I,1m:1av,400,(mui1-1 1971. (U1: perzenluge of :1. acmepopu1a1:;.11 made up by workers rune 11011 41,291’ 11

1951 1044.624 :11 1901 11147.03: 11 19711 111111;11u1me111 pm of me mmy, 111: 1:901.-1 W173 44 5%,49. and 51 714 during 111.“ 1111... years.) On :1

nunanal scale me SCCNOVD of 1». may. 11011010110"

12

mod: up 51/the “relaiivei ependem" Fwybourgeoisie 1:11 «mm 44.430 in 1951 In 37 2% in1101 and m 201% :111v71, W011: 111: figurcs re»mg y11111=—co111;1 wurkcls 131 1115 xcvm years mm7 7°,4,13.1v,.,a11d171,, *

Situation of the working class001115111. W-19.: of 1». boom and H-1c 'u'1g 1m111:11..1a=y=1op11=111, gm working clan acquired a 31:11:9101.19111 111 socievy and 01:0 Tncmased 1-11 cohuiunas a cm 11

was um 0.01-«ma m a process 1.; pal?)-1m1 1:1fegra1'1nr1' >1» 1m sysre.-11, 2»/an during theperiud gr Wm xlngnuvion 111 1953 111: workcn r:e~

~11»: am we mm on Me mm and me. a1ciu‘ 32:11.11“. my were ,W11=1;m and unuiyzed11 pa1m1u10y 111; ecunorv1i5!5)/‘ox 100111 11-15:9451a .0119 510551 M11111“ 1'E)5uy on 5ac'1a\C\uxxea1W74) 5110 11 "Pmbie1v11' acne xviiuppo eccnomico‘Wrnbienus nFEcomm1'c om1op111m, 11/01 11. 111:

iotmer W1, Lab : make: some 1'n1e1naViormi r.a'v.—

pamm 11101 dcmonsrrafic, among ume1111:1gs, 11111

1.1 11a1y :11: £1: 0111.: working C1115; as a percentage91 the 1.31111 my: 1»p1,1a1101 was 1111:1191 my 10

1110101011101" Vwhcm 11%; so ,.'r1 115.01 111

rm, 11»: 1:111:01 11501: 1; 111g11e1 1111111 the 0111.511 11

u111y Mose wnrkcrx embiayed :1 '1nduxVry uwperiy xocuHed, ciuding conxtrucriun, arc comideved. On1111111311115, H-1: gum would be 3371.11 11u1y and31.07011 011111111. 1: 110510: .101”, hvwever, 1110:

11.; number orm11u11a medium-sized rucrone. 1;

s1'gr1WT:ar1Hy larger 1.. 1n.1y 111 ifiuiy 43% «runzompdnics 11.1.4

mm: mm 100 errpiayees; 1>1e11gu1.

was 46% 11. Japan, 01% 111 France, 64701" Wes)Germany, and 743/011.1» Unified sum. FTm|1y,1.1 1.. 11.21.1101. mm 111 Labini's work 111. cmegwy"re|afiv=Vy1'rndependen?peNy buwgeoixi nciudesfarmers, merchants, and unisans, among erherx.

gun to aeemen the begerneny e: we mung crab enen weyezr and la cunraxl me mcchunkrvl or we ryerenr Tn rrruggwe, TH: breeeur be the emererrnanbrewnmn me wemng clasx was Iinmee D; a msuh e:nrumxe, me reearaeien bemeen «he blue-ce|\arand wmre-eeuar workers was rbduczd; wage 7n-

creme; were won eanearrerrny, e caybrrmle relahnrwslrfip of cereee was Tmpused rn rnany reererxes; neweenreerane fish): were won.‘

Beginning rrern me rnwze er !97I, ever «be ab—

sense er b reyaxe renary seeaeremb baa prevemedran err-nxbnbn er me general 5|0\ErTc<IV eveningserebrea by we grew xfifike wave of we? end bnerrbe mm Tn me eeanarnae ayele, rhe working ckvss«bane arrewraenerany on vne aererewye. nre bour-eear-eae xuughv ra concrcfize Its tmuck by Vumi eb a eenrer—rrgbreayernn.er.«, Buf «be eennraer ber-Hes bevween Octuber V772 and me spring of Y973,barnrnxarxy the xn-vggles as me maralworkels, een-cluded pcHVicnH'/ w: b b eemye ebanee — bbbenabme eebnanrre rerbhr were totally zrebmerenr — inme sense me: the workers manW:sVed an znereere7n earnbaryrry (bag xuzcexx.‘v7 s>rTk:s. musxive dem-enrbenane Tn warn and Rome, eeeneanea ema»Marbnbrr and Ether reran factories) and we beer-eeame had na make a Mm, remmins From me Cen-fier—rTgH re Vb: r.enV:r»‘eFr

57mHurVy, me Darurgeo7sTc drew -be baxbnee sheeren me be ebnrraec aberse berween Duiumn 197:and xpfing W74, which enee aguTn were marked byb were xeyex bv ebrnbarmry, sT5nTF7:urv r:mb?[Tzu~uena, wrong pvusuvex arern me rank bra me, anddynumk TnHTt.1h've1 by vanguard cadres rbrrbernraeme ream er «re recerenabrr an rsayeree (arr May v2

showed vhar the warm; esba wee rereenrnna H1 H0bneenar-n verrna re «re :nr=aze.a enenrayb e classenemy be me bbmaeaw bne 7deu\og7cul leveY in we”The 863: No ybre by the waraeerr 9‘ man wax e\a—

abenr in we regard (Far an unaVy>7x nf me nuke:?nva‘ved an Hue rererenebre, wb-rbb proposed uboh-nen er me ‘aw permirfing divorce, bee wmzzcoxNa o, Nfly <7, ane Na I, June b.) rbe response tome Fuxdsl bombing m Brnxciu, mm vs Amprecedenh

"C1:[:Mm?ng on «be basis er um nre, avenge reex

wages reae rrern 7v,mn me a rnannr re we rev22,ooo in ma, re v3o,aoa Tn x971, and to u5,m>o-rn me. me increuu n rebx rerrne befween PMand mo wusabcur vzsnm me erebernbn DFW :)e—

aex \ar rbwbrrer to b\be—ebuar wages, which Wu: 3 .oM I In men, dropped V02 Um v in V97Bund 1.9re 1 TH 1973. A: forpalT7i<u\ barns, me man 'rn.pbr—

rum Memenr Wm rnern erebebny me emergence 31me workers eereganeer but rrbrn a gbrrarebx stand-peznr, me impqnance er amerebnenb M are labureeexe Izrrrmne enrbveyera pwwers to Iby workevs errnus! nbr be undeveifimclfed

eaxy brood mobifizofiam, was a abn-rlbr demum?rn—Hun. (see VNRECOR No 2, June 20 >

Neyerrrrexera, iv weexa be wrong ea underesfimalecsrIaTn negative reexax ayvd eemr-bar renaene:eamar have begun Io appear Fm), rbe eeenrre inbuying eeyer rerem-na rrbn. I'M exuccrburfon bi r-r.—

nbnnn is provoking a van incvease In oveflimchows (a phenomenon rbar Wax sharply eeennxne inme breaeswna pefind). Second, beeebre 9.‘ me Veck9F an eyerbu vespmue by me rraae-bnien arabn:za—Hanx, xuccess Tn Ihe defame (er pnrfia‘ eerenre: benyrrre smndurdx depends Iarbexy an we rnenbrb blme wbrkerx rn eeeb inemabbl 52cm! and ebrnebnynnany, suxpenshm and Iayam are an the H14, menee VIYTDUS Vuyen er walker; in Vfiiiuus vermr. wecnnscquenee er en meee pbenbrnenb Ts me emergenceof wuery amerenr condTVTunx umuhg me warkus,eyen wmrrn a given eareeery I» is perbaee Menn-mre ~e eeemare n reax bum Tn me rrene OX tumparedmm rbe eaemces benea abr Ier US repear, eer..erere irrecbauane already em bne -rr 7; easy re bn—

derstund ab. Tmpfitfr dangers Tn me sympfimvs webe-re menficned. I. gum wmwufi aayrng me. Me

arbauan wable beeonre excremely xeribus shaxfldthe eresens bourgeok orrenme aearnex emewaynrenrIeyeb no? Pruvoke en energeric response Tn nnre,rbbr weawe lend anee agkfin )0 me varrnanaan ec avmf reserve brrny er wbber.

rem bourgeoisie. rad cdizu onor reuaeaonary regres n?we sofa‘ and poHFca| Lfisk ma» opened ;n weN2 plovuked raezeeuzbreaner wTde ‘cyan er mepcrty bbbreeb e we basis of mar ree:ea<:zbnanwas me VGITOUS ebbnaer that nee occurred WHWVI

rm; socTu| layer. we baye brrerea jam: dam vn pre-yzabr er '<les orber Fads ebbre be beeee Bub anwe smlisfiivss :na:ebra mm were hm been a eeenneTn rbe aeebnea o\d middke daxses and b exebr :n—

crease m H»: ra.eenee new rnzaaxe ewbrree (privateand babue wMVe-ceflaremphyeex, ereceana neb,cevfmn camgorlex er employee: an commerce bnaVranspori, ere). CorvsTderab\e ebbnger neye corkfirmed N accur enrxne me pas? rew yearr. Here aretwa example: xrryesyana ‘uyets «be. are eaxmeanyimpormnh rbe number at reaeberr, wmeb be a[—

ready rreen rrern 325,000 «a 45V ,auu berween 195!and wev, rere ¢o6UU,DGO :n W71 bne Tsapproudving 7ua,mm reaay-, aeaerezna re cmsvs, me num—ber of ernbleyeer in ebbne udrvfinixfrution Vase by140,000 during 1971, whfle me nenaber armbm5)-mpkeep-ens eeennee by 49,000 dufing me gameyebr,

rbe mrfica 'zntion was 5 wnbweeea en me bne inaneby ereeeeen 0' dgdussing and enbmearenaen es na.

I3

ITALY

is siirai iuyevs arisi or. ire eiror hand by ire issisiraeiioris oi ire -rrioaerri” layers mare closely iiareii ioproaoeiier. and oarriiriisiroiiar, iiiese iayeis wantedia improve iiieir eeririiiiaris, iaisirg advumnge aiiiie iororoiiie iaaiiiiaal eorisi iiora. nie cellqps: oiireeiiiieriai vuluex, wriar oeoirrreii ire eariiesiei ire siarrris iraisraak ire eaaeaiiarial iasiziaiiarsidid ire resi.

iii ire aasi, ire aiisis ai ire rriiaaie elosses ros qiriievfreu iarareii reoaiiarary, ioseisi, or Eflriopurlaperaiiaia iii ire Holy ai irrae years of Iurmoire raaa wax opened iar a reluiiv: — and ieriipo—

mry — broadening or ire seeI ioese oi ire MS}

(Mai rrieriia saeiaie iiaiiaiso » iia ri soezoi N:wc—

rrierii, ire iaroesi rieoiaseisi osoeriiaaiiisri) aria rarsome ooriioi eieeioroi success or ire isaeisis irieiri sraoia ire ereserii e is bccum: even marepcrvaxlw wiireai any poaifive oaiiei being pre—seriieii, sarrie seeiars or ire pevfy bourgeoisie ismaiiriereroais ioairia bunkflmlcyr ioresorroie) couldbecame xuxcepiihle ia IIEW, dangerous sasiisesiiaraaria could furnish a iraszs iar ori authoritarian Nrri,Up ia riw, irairar, iris ras rrsiiriiiiiserieis, or rashappened urily ia a iirriiie exlenf. ire raoieoIisa—iiari ai ire party bmlrgeo e wvd oi soriie layers aiire iiiieiiiaeriisia ras riai ai is been :u—op?ed. iri

iaoi, as a resaii D’ a perlecfly explicubie uneven-riess, sariie Yaygis have raai aiieea only iri a veryreaeri period iris is ire ease, iar exumpie, w rieaerers, riroie siroaeie ras deveioped espcciuiiyiiiiriiia ire aasi M0 years as a by-product ei ire sm-aeri rrareraerii. ii is aisa ire ease ior riorrierieoiiyiess iirpariarii bu! raaeireiess siariiiioorii iayers,siiar as ioirrrieiisis, wrose oooesiiier io ire rriereieriiieaiiariai bmrds aria ie ire compiete siiisieeiiaiioi ire pveu rsa given rise io eerri eis rrai haveoerieroiea a brand msporise, eerinieis iiiai iri ireIclsl oroiysis are expreeisira or iie ideoiugicul cri-sis or ire ruling eiae

Fillduy, arie reisi rioi ioroei orie rriossiire piieriairieerieri iiioi ras beer ai ire rooi oi remarkable poi?!»ieoi and seeiai ieasioris aria ras provided ire rriaiareeiiiirioeris iar ire siraggie irr ire rseigrisarraoasand regions aria Fm oeiriieaiar types oiaeiiisrisiaaoirisi high rem: arid iiie |u:usin9 siieriaae, Forcxflmpie) A1 ire era ai ire mos, oeaorairig iasioiisiier irai certainly do aei ei-i irr ire iiireeiiaricflexaggcltliian, ire rirrrieer oi irose marginallyemplu‘/Ed ar uridarempioyed siooii ai a,7oo,oooiirree-aiiarreis aiwrorri lived iii ire Nezzcgiomo).The soioprsiieiaririi ai iiioi fime nunvbered aisaiii arr iiari orro a iaaii.- Gi irri ire ieeessioriarr varied

~iri ris assay "Disoccupuziann ea esereiia iriaiis-iriaie eii riservu iii iia ‘ruiierrsiiayriierii aria ireindus ri Resewe Army iii Hcly, W72) Luca Mml—

aaiesi eraiiraies ire iiiiiirsiriai reserve army war wasoi is is rniiiiori ia 7.7 rriiiiori (irieioairio irase un—

IA

irai iaas oisersei up and iokioo aeeaorri as ire 1o»g—

ierrii Veridency iowaiii soiiiroeiian oieriipbyiuiiilevels, ire mus: oi poor appears surcly a.siir..i iarise, wiir oii ire ooiiiieai and soeiai eisiaaaizaiairai iiseriiaisiy Valli-M.

Sfrafifitufion mad differenfiat nin nie bourgeoisieFor aisoiri Vwo aeeoaes, and spaciully during irepmloriged boom oi ire eepi iisi economy oiwasi—err. Eumpe, pvivaie iiieiosiry reo iakeii or a predarvvirari raie, dexpii: ire rioiewurfhy sirerioir ei iresiaie seaiars. ir. iaei, iri ire aisieiiee oi si d:Ier-rririea oiaii aria ai.r- a ire israse ei ieosieisiiip era-ses, ire big eaaiiaiisi aroaiai iii. ire iirsi oiaeeFin), Fire: and iriaiiieaisari) raa iiiioieea ireirwiH, dafevmlning ire iyoe ufdewlopnmnborvi Inire iiriai ariaiysis, assirriria ire raluiive ayrioriiieeaaiizisriiirr ai ire system. aai ire esroasiioriai ire isisarri and ire new siiiraiiar. irai ewergeaaiier woa, even irese Hruupx ran iriio orowirso oii-iieaiiies, saiieririei serious erises ai varioux iimes.eerieraiiysoearirg, aroiii resiireiiaris, crises, arsii

aeiiiai bunkrupiciex resaiieo in imemifyirug sioieinfervenlinn irio ire ecunamy aria thus iiirirer en-Iurged ire pm! or irisiasir, Hilde! ire ioiai or oariiaieaairai ai ire siaie. iAs is weli known, even a EU‘-wark ar iiriiraie eaoiiai like Nnriiedisan rww has acmuidemblz riese oisiaie peri pcmuri.) Ai ire

-ii, ire aeeeiiioaiiar eii ire oraaess ai 5up1u—

riai eeaeeairoiiaa roi eriraiied <l rmsxive perieviroiioii ai Fareigri eoo oi. (Ranuii, ior exarroie,ire evenix ii. ire rariaas aernesiie eieeireries com-Wnies.)

sererrierieaiir, then, ire Iollo -

can be aurlined: iii ire isaoraea e as ire b orieaoie iriaasiriai grease, whus: weigri ras airririsreaier ire reasere iisiea above, iz) ire oairaeoisieiiiireo io eiseei e seeiors, iiise oeiraieari, irai areclosely iiiireo to irieriioiieroi eaeiiai, (3) irerrorieiai and saeeaioiiarr-orioriieo isosirgeaisie, wras.weiari, Fur irom iaeeiiaiiio, res been increasing;(4) ire iealinacrucy, ire iea rig burauucrucy oiire poeiiie seeior, arose posi ons have been iirreirer sireiiaireriea,

irese rr 'n:Hi>m ere rosarre esieiii arbitrary, iarirere is oii iiiieioereir on, wriie rieiari identity,among some ai ire . ieaiea siraia. aai ire in#:r>perieiraiiar is riai iaiai, and iii any ease ire varioussiraia and gravy: rare amererii aver rig iriiereeis;

emisiayeei aria looking ior work, ire rrargiiiaiiy err.played, aria ire unemployed waiis ieree). same ofris Gvumirutive eeiiiriaies are dcbatdok, isoi ireiiriperiariee of iris phenomenon is aiiiiaiiii ia ear»iesi

in times of aiixii, when decisive chains naya ia

a made, mi. ran. :an naya a parficular pros-Haul uvgzncy. Anamai camlderarien must be takenTrue acceunt, However. The axianaian a: the anaiiaaaevai — ayan in the most radical fomi — does notwait a break wirn the system U; a whole; in iaai,It can ayan srmngttwen in. syxtcm. Navsrrtielexs,Tt deex not inyaiya a decrease in ma weigh: of thebourg:Disi= as wan, wnian has inaynaaia painiaalconxequenccx. (ma technocmcy er mm bureaucracycannot aany out an ma in at and aaiiiiaai innaiiamaaainanauy nanaiaa by ma inananiai humgeuisiewith a yiaw tuwurd imaiayina ma aaaiaiian ac thexyxtem ana ianaina tr an ov:mH aaianaa .> Hereanother oi ma nbiective met; at ma crish oi thenmng aiaa must aa aaiimiaa.Ta what extent i r possibtz ta anaiiiian a corre-spfindencn between tbs varinus sector: 47! the bour-geokia ana the aaimaai tendenciex that me beingma reams in ma cunent phaxe? ls rnaia any iaan—

dution kt ma iniaiamaiiaia iaazna advanced insome quarter: that mm is an auianaa between maiinanaiai aaa xpe<:u‘ut?un—uriented bourgeuifie anthe ana nana ana ma ainaaaamana "baurgeui:Ie“an in: other” H 71 naaaaaaiy ta iarrain hum esmb—iianina cnrmcctiom that are too mechanical nniiTs an ma more imaanani during a period in an-in»ma fut: ai the xyxtun m a wnaia is at make and inwnian aaiiriaai nnaiaaa aia aaiannznaa aananaiiyby the naaa to defend ma interest: cf ma system asa wnaia. maiaaia, huwever, ' E: impaaiaia todkregurd certuinxpecific inaiinariana Ina rinan—

aiai ana aaaaaiaiian—anani¢a bourgeoisie aan indinaaa agreement an a conservative basis wiin maxtare bureaucracy, an ma more so in that is notdirgcfly concerned with the problem nf naianannwith the wurking class. me some can be iaia aboutma aii Tndustriufisrs These are th: seztarx vi mararing class muxt anaaaiy inaiinaa tvward reuctiun‘my satufioru; may are ma sector: that naya had thedauisive yy am in ma right wing of the cm-niianDamaaiaay .a in. past. in. inaiamai sectors, wnianwauld nsqd to aaniinaa ta aayaiaa in a move "rviud—

em“ and “ratInnuHzed“ aimaaanaia ana wnian annaiay Vurgnr sec am ai ma work Force, raai aaanaa

a differs:-it dTver.t7an. iniaiaa: nai iaaiaa akacame inte may in same: cases (FTut'x relation: minthe Soviet bureaucracy, Inr axamaia> rnaaa amthe secturx that iayann: the aannaman gavernmzntwnan ii arcs: and, beyond aanianannac tacticalaaiinaai oscfllafians, they on the senor; thatcould ana up accepting the “hixtofic znmpvomise"proposed by ma Communist aany

am today theta ii an element ma. aniiaa an mavarious strata of the m Hg data, and that is theiraiawina tack at faith In ma inamnnenis used to ad-minznai and aacana in. system in the frumewark ofthe institutions that emerged cut‘ of the fail cf fos-

cism Th: Christian Democracy, ma I aing aanyan about ininy y:avx nay, ix considered rim. daysax an Tmtmment that ii ma custly and at ma sametime mo HIM: eftactive. The sum: evahmtion hasbeen extended In the slate and adm Tsrmtiv: ap~parutui. At a time when pram margins ave tzmifngto dentin: again and when what is mailed Is instru-menu that can act qukkly and anmwekevsively,ma bourgeuisie sonnet aaaiyaiy resign inair to mi.in shuutien continuing to drug an.

flue Christian Democracy"1: cnii ian Democratic (cm N nai Counciliaai Jul which was advertised as an occixiun acse|f—crIticaJ ianaaiian, rather amaty iauaaiaa ena

aiaraana crisis of iaaiii the aany and ma ru|Tng aiaaThe most imaanani speechex naa to recogn ze veryhaayy iiaaiiinaa, Imm iaiiaia of aaanamia pianninato aaiiinai barukmptcy; many tears were anaa overma aaiaiiararzan in relations between ma ca anain. country‘: iaaiai forces. Nnre aanaiaiaiy, -iia

cu notables were iaiaaa to abserve ma: the hour-geuixie na ianaai has confidence in them, inai H1:

niaaia aiaaai, ana even some small and .nieai=-sized irudustriufistx, Wm succumbing ia the lure 0?the canmanm party, and that ma Current rannaniufdiscontznt naa saiaaa even to ma SNCH "annex,madtrfonal butwurk of ccmcrvatism

Small ana miaai —5|zed iiiaannaiisn inaa auaaiianaagood relations with ma CF in the 5u—I:aH:d iaa re»gions same time aaa szaaaniiy, mpvescntcltives afthese caiaaariai have pu‘d vixitx In ma cw federa-tiara in Lombardy and S1 iiy m wan More man300 entvepreruurs part. pated in a naaiina onnniau and It-¢dTwn—s7zed industry orgarfized by macw in early November on October an iaaiasania—fives ai M: usaciution oi buflding canirucmys helda meeting wiin CF paiiiamanc members. Wes: arean ?n:($mtTanx ar the aiianiaiian aaina worked outby some sectors ar the bourgeoisie ana could :onsti—

me a prelude to ma naaiizaiian or ma HistnrkCompromise

The aaam at the ansia was tcinfirmed by in. Octalincunxixtency ai the xolutiam ma» wet: aiaaaaaa,wiin the exception ar a law aamzaaian; uttered ina yurtvetic tone ol wacaaaaa luck of understtlnrflng,Amintore Fanfanik speech maaaa pvesen/Tug ina

mm aaa~ But ttvz diacuninn — inaarai aa any

"Forexumple, Faniani descfihed ii.a mmaquencesoFVoti:unCounci1H, at in “h-iterpretutions," inma canawing tzmuz "It happened mar rvew inieipia»lotions ar inc xaaiai aaaaiaiaie Tnduced munysbeepar the old iaia to regard iiianaaim as anaananaaand to devote themselves to aanyanina aaapaaaaiyran stveep to iineaa new Tntevpretutions. We man

is

thing came om ar II at an 4 never want beyondmany we»: proiaca luv "sacTa| aaaa,

-‘

vacuouxyeurrfing For ma New DeuY ur Yer ma Hanan ai...—ning syvem, and lime-wem cummoriphces aboutmaking ma mus? uf ‘om! bodficx DI Tmtimr V5 likema CNEL (Cavv:igHo Nuzionele de|l'Ecommiu edel Luvovo — Nananai Comic?! or Economy andLabor, a body comnirfing rzwesentalives or bathflu: zmphayers and the iradewiniurvs and haying aniyconsuhmivz powerx) Yin: xveriliry or fix: discuuhrxneed no? be demunsrvaied. Ana ma whole Vhing

ended up wi an amine of aiganizananai pmpuukan we mefiwudx av aaiaae ms and on mavanx7orrn=Viun ar *he cinanan Demucrmiq studycenter inm a mmardw irsiimiiun.

The cniimaa Democrflfis War: cancrere on somepointy Hwy Htluméd llmir mm c lmvflcfium za

iii: (are oF one inamn i aawg. 2, may iayaaiaa.i.a ephemera‘ character or remain urvempvs at 4rent economic coopcrarinn between ma employersand ma wade Am ns, and, ubovu an, my nayaaiaaWm wlniie rhe old nnrumen? had perhaps grawnrusry, mm woi no new am on ma muflxei ENec—'

iively, the miaiiya mnain 0F in. ca Hes in ma(ac! mm mm ix no uvaiiable subxiihne Far ii soiana as m demazmfic corsrimiionul iianawaik isnnainiainaa. The buurgaoi 2 TI candemried laws-Vain Me co desp ayenyin 9, even

T7 in. HinaniaCumprarr-T391: carried Du? in loci, wna. other z:oun—rerwfigm aania them be ia in. nnenain uf me 0»,possibly united in a hloc wiin the Socia1isIs"

Aulhorilurian sollnian orHistorc Compromise?M u mam, in which lb: paiiiananvaiy regimc has

amma great erofion and in which Vb: exphaheéclasses and wide Iaycvs of ma midcfle ciasaax oneaanpauaa In bear ma heavy am of the 3, mauuflmrhnriau wiufion piaaana iisair is we raringclass as a paiaibia way nu? ainasi ax a muN:r av

was that «na great 0H Fold my a pan ac h: Hock,and ma xheep already said -a be iaai were cansidemdk: be an missiom. These amp who inaa Vransbrmedinmaiyaa into xhepherds were in >heTr nan, Von,

imfizad n7 cunymg ma lonsheep bazk In Me camand lhmeby incveusiwg H: mnvhers " And im ?5 anaai paani ai Funluniesque iniaiamaiion or in. de-mand: oi the new generation “The yomh Vodayshauld take note 0! ma raa» ma» ma mtislucilon atme pmdermndx may are {G in; onan naqainas norrevolution but unly the reel‘ ks! n-gm‘ ai in. goodaid mles rhalhavn Fallen inn; disuse, ‘amides, ofcourse, adding H-we

new rule: called for by expe A

ence16

Ti §_§L_\S\§§ BE.

Nmn>.aia,i, in. tend unsure hacking fora rai-ain sohniun 57 W»: I920; naiy or We V9305 Germanyiyaa. ma «min mos/emeM has been able and mubg aaia Va aaianiza imam of en, aany bourgeoisieand ma subprolekx an ma efccteml iayai. Can-aananriy, in has been able In urgarfize Fav—rTghfi

nu: iai vo curry am para my uciiom and ierrorisfiundenu rag am ii has not succeeded in gainingyn. pamiaai and iaaaiaazaai hegemony among ma.aianiiai layers a: me peny bourgeokie ma» couldperm?! W ya uppeflr m a maibia anainariy. NorHm ii aigknizaa a wbsiuniinl unliwarker sink:Force. W-we raiiuia during one post Ma yearx av theuntmpk M repeat operuliem ac ma xagaia caiaaiiawe rwnan I51: fascists were aala Po genomic mmx

neemee-zens) H1: had =SpeciuUy neeenye Tmp7i:u-r-renr r rne Fm: er neeeere Sm Tn me current pefiodAr me some nne, -he cend om necexmty rm anoperufien M e Bunnpanixv ryvn, wnenrer exeerweer

or Gm/Win, ulsc do run! exist Vuduy. Apnrr rrernclumly Fxgurex mam “filed in mus e4 eenernee, node GauHe or orhcr aeneeerne» cuncfidulg has emerged— eyen ;n we renew emerree.

I) :r exucrly rer Vhese reeeene Ihur «ne aflcmpn rebreak Vhe democru? -cans! enener sysram Ivavxbeen eennnea 70 en mpr: an e cnup M me cnueenor Greek vurizly n M new cammnn kv\ow\cdge mmon eeyerex eeeerwene sud-w alrzmpfs neye reeener:a Stage oi udvantcd preeerenen and eyen er nrenrere

wry mr.Ir.nen«, On December 7, I970, e squadronurgcmizzd by Burghcse' ucluuHy penetmied one

werwer MT xtry, iusia Few week; eeee “\:?rT:V“Mrrarisr offcnfivc er yen pmpurfiuru was supposed

e be 5:) e * wm. we enn 0F pmvoking c resoiuteinrervemiun by me arwed sereer, -nere neye beenNxmy inreryenine ufiewwpfis us wen we peaple whuhave eeen be e were pruiecfi cannot be reducedre wizened oid commanders yearning «er we Mu§u—

nn; ere av me sexe kepmze, nor to reemenerymnee ereeer neeeee by rv-egtalunurfiucs wha aremore noky men nernm As we have nenneeee,were ere sectors er‘ rne hourggoisie THCH e mwurdan awhnrimrkln solution, ene given me Tmpnss?bH y07' achievhag {H75 lhruugh reeewenn ar Bunapariism,mey eeexa fomnnv or supper? e coup n -r r.e bignewr me: neeeezex backer: a? me lascisfis ere to beVmmd among me en man (me eene er Mann" 7; mebest-known in ms regard, bu) .r 15 no? me enxyene: Arneeg Me backers of we so-cuHed Raw ae:Venfi IPUTMX cf rne Camwsxl. me eweneemne were

new ereernzenen Founded November 1973, wenne me Industrfnlisi Wuggi »ene or me nne M thesrereze nerreere me cxlvence of ‘inuncixfl xurlmrfierxer me fnsfivs among me aerxeemex 5 or we reeenwax reyeexee. orwena n7, 5?‘: eenenne comrutflaryfigured as ene of We mumr suspects in me eeermecoup of December W70

Mereeyer, suppcrrevx a? eemernerren rem-ere andpmcnr e: wrschfsw ere found Tn we yery eernermar eenne rnerneevyer as eenrmen-enere», The eereo gardo seene, L1formtrmnnurnhkrxuppnrrerene new e nreneer re: re leadership er N1: vernweUbcmle Xmhczno Wuhan Ubnrnl eerryx, ar rynp—tommic Sogne eeen:y preere;rne.4 nnnrex: Tn favorer me eyennrew e: "no crime insfimriorvs, neverfi!:c\csx, mvcrol mcnvhxaflvr rm: eeewerenen, heha: nor yet been cxoelk-A rren M; pony. xn addT—men ne ene doubrs ihal vnveenees germs neyesprtuzl wseery wnnzn the rer.-ee er me fight w'mg ufme CD. erneng veeeers 0-‘ e Mme ene CumorrisfiVamp. (Na! umy among mere secrors, neweyerrn e rezen? xnreryzew Sefiufor Peererzne, ene e: we

cm muiof weeeerr Tn Genee, reza not Hexiruk kn

eeenxy Neclure Mmse” rer e pvfisch > verrzexe eenexeeas could :cr?uTn‘y rand usefial cn:compH<::1 amongme ranks e be warm sr.e:eI:s«e ueneereneenerzene (mmen seeaex Democrafic peny), e mnybmrgh?-and-puiu—ForFnrmaéion, ene oFwhom pur-<'ren»enrery dew ussuziuved nxnnremrwnn aszisvsto paws? rne urres? er ween and whose presidnnr,Vufin Yunusfi, has bean accused by sereeen we-eeexr

'F'rTnce serenere, noicd rer N; mmery uctiens dur>Tng me second werle war, xuppuded iasdsm evenemee me Nazi eeeeeenon M nery Uh: eenea ofme so-culkd SQ16 Republk, wnzen wee nuykad byunrTpnnTxun represxiun).

n

ITALY

jjcf keeping qunev aaaar wkal‘ was going an ar menrae an the Borghexe aayennnerThe arrarr ar me and me indichv-en: at Farm”,rarrner air «aree amecas man, an charges anam-anany eh Dine carairr Bnrgbge atreraa reoundingean rrnanaa ar me caar mm the am: aa are larmm Tnsigrfifizam (Acco - a ea we Ocvvber I2carraere aeua sera, Funafik amae wall feamyexan autographed photograph a: Vmoria Maaannw,II»: ex—k\'ng ana ex-queen, and Kappeler, We ssemaaax r=spons7b\: rar me rmnxacrz or me raaeAxdeanrimx near Ram: in mun And lhere is nareasan to may Hum ¢a.a:an sure? servicex, in Vb:Firsvpbce Vhcue awn. can 7rnper?a|i:m, Inayeaware rm wffh rhe pzixchisl as Mrs what could rakeme rnmanye anaer rune rzam fircmvsbuncex.

In its November 3 eaman La svarnpa, me rarzndaily uwned by FTnr, wrote‘ an earrariar: In{pile av mnaneraaxe znaa; es, we aa not kmenough about ma arear amueriye design ra beaala ra gay haw nnaan of n represerws neanan umnaa or to Tderfiify me aernapa more wean alaa.Eu! mar par? of me network ma» has come a Vhe

sarraaa ar been revmfled :5 suFFi=TeM >0 reaaaramar we eanexaae rhal me dnngus nu! anly were,an arm remain, r=aY." ma asxsnians ofAgneH7‘Xnewspaper asaruy me mu

-

es that bed deck sec—ton 0F me aaaraea and me govemmgnt In nnanyaar For raanamna an attack an me paaamm; Theyaak account DI me Fact fhav Mae aeaare have no»at an been disurmed and even confldzr mar FurtherdelerTar=M'un of me resfime would re more Fa-yaraale araazsas rar are aaaan «fives

ne mm-: arnete exaarly ivdicaved why Hue grewmaiorify at [he mnna ararr ea ucd kt reyear mapuisd-is! ar azaraoa roman. "In naxy, rheedi!erTu7 canzluded, wnaeyer anenaa a coup isprovuking cTvi| war “

xn mhnr Wordx, lb: relacaananap ar raraaa bevweenma dunes remoim such ma: any Fax 5: ar putschixvanernaa are extremely y We army aerr, whomranks are aereaazagry rnamyery nuea am. yam.

"Vim ween, Former naaa of me sary: mama-zioni mrena (Sn), the munvernnielligenceaaeneyanaenea ra rue Defense Ministry). was aaenaa re—eenny an anaraaa ar hayvna aeen involved Tn variausanarnaraa eaaaa ana of having eayarea Yor ma aaaan—T93 when we coups Yailed. we sin, n shmfld benutedr :3 In eaarae of preveming aaaar, amongarner Vhhg. evaraaae Samgaf, a raaaxna memberar Vhe PSDI and president of the repaalia cl‘ meurn. of me W70 anernarea coup, charged recentlythat Tanoss? men nrnarerac rune interior, knewwnar was going an ana an M7 reaan in pa ma ares:dam.13

whu have been mraaan the armeau expericncex arpa cal rxraaale dufing Vhese aae: years and w inwhich Ferment i: an ma rae could ae Mrvwn maa grave cfisis. we bcurgeu m - aerreerly «amaware of war, sa much 5-: ma as rnayar area organ,ma Milan aauy carrxare aeua sara, wrote explic-my: “Even er, us has Happened, a Veaderflwouldcor-croIeVy take to me mad ofsedhion, his nfinwaaxa be aar»a;n. The wldicr-s, wna eana rrarn anayar the eaanrry, could no! Folbw 'm. The rank;would snap in me mTdd|e cl ra-e road." (November2, 1974 3*

The Hismric Compmmise maraaena a way am asme :r7sTs in a avarnerraeally aapame azraanan.This would be a h:rg=—s4:o|A aaunaax aaarananma: yaara Tmply purficipufiun at me cu> Tn meaayernrnen: and aaaia ereare condir us more rayar—aaxe saw. «or me re¢ar.nm plan: av ranana .

mar me eenrer—Ien aayararnanr Has prvvenpuble araarrywna aa: ana tar an econemi: recurwer»aim: at me nyae we described Tn aar preyzaaa cflicle.(Se: wrxacoa, Na.I2, November M.) rsarean1}: Historic Campvomise aa aaraauy walked”

From me pamaaan stuvrdpuim, na condT am Forthe HT arza Cumprumk: are aenarany nare favor-able now man Tn any pefind an we push we haveaxreaay rnanuanea me aaer. amraaea being vauenmwurd ma CF ay Vuyen av ma xrv\uH ana mTd:He-yzea Tndus|rTuWx(x ana We incfinafion mwavd aca.Ioguc among a aaraaary me me aauaana :z:nHu<-was, who have naamanauyreryanye ar reactionary aamara. And n 15 on 1:79

nzwx mar mu mom aear ye aeararr 571 me mungeraa naye an amlude rowcrd the cp ma: is yeryamerenr srarn one armaae may nera aarana mewm ana mat may aarazaer ma aarnaiaanan avme :9 in ma aavernrneru aa a awaazate nyaameara.rrarn me n7¢mah'<moV sMndpoTN, me areaenr aan—vex! errrans na ahsnluie abaraarer sxa cam eyanaac Ike pas) few year) — from me panay of maFranc}-1 cv dufing me reyarrnaanary cnsu ol meya me parr7cTpe)ion ar ma Parmguaxz C9 77: a gm/—emmam ar nafiarvul araan — have anrnaxarea a ¢ar—

mar eyaxanan ar aaamara. And rw man be aaaeamar Vhe nanan O’ has repeufizdly anema 5: cu!aaaranreaa. Dn ma aarrianenrary and aarn n7slm—Viv: xeyax ir nae Tn raar callabormzd with me aar—I753 as me gcvemmem aaalman, hm aHuwed c:r—

aayarnrnena to survive, and nan mnmmnxsdpar mmanlary fights max, u may were aanaea ananarae -eany, cbuld naye succeeded alaauna

‘Obviously, the ¢’aN of the Sale-zurixv dicmvvrsbipin Parmaar ana, perhaps aven male :5, Uh: «an arthe Greek n fury diclavouhip have weakened thepaaman of me suppcnurx at me amarna an w|u—Hon further.

aoyernnrenr aroieels (A good reeanr example isrne rrreal oeereeo ol rlre summsr 0! lm, wnienwould naye had a dTffIcuh lirne being approvedwilmn rne rine rnnrser by low nae rlre cornrnonzrroeanrier rerorrea ra ohm-m:)ion.]

Nevertheless, ir Ts irnarolroole rner rne airbieonMN be crossed irnrn rely or in rne xhurr term.we baurgeeisle and HS oanier are rorn by yeryairrer pole and ore nrrlerina comirwul vacfl|a-rlora. Ar ire Nariaaal cooneil rne cn reooroo Inrne cw; advuncex wirh a yen, eleor rein.-.rion. Fnr—

rler, and oerlraar even more nilieon», a "nn“unxwer was aiyen lay Aanelli, line lop learler orFinn and neon or ihc narionol cmplayels oraanixa—nan, Mu nor eorroerly been considered or one orrne people mas: Tnclincd ra accept rne narrorioCamuramlsc lrnoerrolirreireler, olreorly olorrreoby rne Greek eyenra ona wnurmd aaoornrrenarlnerling rne lra on NATO bases, laaye rnooe no reareror ilreir neaelrye aifimdc rne enlnealeo inrernoler: 3 ar We co cnrsrilules one u.‘ rne muinr mm-aliea rna laelore waalo mix parry be Tn oor:r;onra eneaae in such o aorina ooerarian wirlnoor fxkingoelna eyennnelnoa or bcing H-lrznlerlzxl oy multipleonoanrrol lolole eenrriluaal lenderlcics?

Fur arr oorr, the CF is neelrarina and will nerirarelarrner aerore rokina rne oeeniye area (in roer,rne CF rnialrr rernaararily raoiealize ire eririalernor me gnvemmerv, us ir la lor aanorr lirne larrraring wnen ir ailoorea one rarrnola as ‘lnrrumigemop;=usMon.“) ln -ealiry, rlne CF has re. rake eararo pmsorv: ire link; wirn rne rnoeee ano norinalineo re assume any heavy rexpumlbl iry for rneorerenr slam or ollairr wirnoor aerring rornerningin Mmrn; mar Ts, wirnoar reaeiying o aaaranleernol ir gemng inro on oaerorinn or broad scape.Wm aimealry liee precisely in rne ioor war in rile

pluenr eireaneronoer, the cr nnor ir hard ro seewnar rire reward would he. wnen rne CP oarlleieareain rne eoolirion aoyeranenr or l<l44.47, ir was dale:o presanl inell as rne raree msroril-lg aernoeraeyand re rne aoaraian of the immediate eeenornie in-Veresls or Ike oroaa mafia aner rne eoraerroolie orrne war. (A rirnilar reasoning upplin ror rlre Porra.aaare cw leoay.) rne Paoalar rronr ooyernrnenr inFronee in lvao could be fuxlifiad by rne cr becauseor a xeries aF Tmporlnnl gains won by me worklrlgclass, eyen llronal. in We rinal analysis lire ooanlarlrarn allowed rne bowgaolsie ra extract zroelr rronn

a eriiieol eiraarion, 5.» in Holy raaay a aoyernrnenrfuncfionirg wilhm H-we system wirn a CP oorr;eieo-(ion eoolo naluxum any new polilical goiro torthe prolararzar, and aiyen Ihe eeanernia ximofiorl,ir would be a iiealr ror ir ro aaoronrea cven modes!ooonernie gehs.

For all lneee reasons, rne Hirrorle cornprarniae up.oeore airlienlrro realize, alrnaaan ir Ts ireerilaeo

in me porenrial hervd:lIci=s or rlrir period. ll rneer ' cf rlre ryeren. runner rnaraenr on all levelsona ir rne bnwgeoixiz feels ir hm reaenea rlne endone ropn, rne renre or the problem wlll errongeFor pan, the bumaucrncy or one C? aaalo oeariyen ro leaa over one irnaeainrenro in rne :env7c—rion rlrar er in T0: oony ro ea eo given rlne extremedanger raezna rne irar rionol rranrework rnor irlie. every iarererr in rnainrainiea because ol laoerinlriue oaeeoronoe or rne rraallional rerarnrisrlogic or lener evi lien,

conla rne rlialerie Comprcmiss leaa re a rearalailiro-rian ir r were realized’ rar a reerieel the im-ooer or rne new sirwfion could prev e eerrain no-neln-erirez mom and could eyen ease polirieol ren»eiorn rernoororily. nor in o rnare eenerol sense, Ikeanswer ro rne am on rnnr be neaolzye rne crisixrlne lrolion eoonorny n gnlng rlnoran I5 rirnolrane—oarly eonioneroral and rrrnolaral, lr Tx sa exremivgand X9 ae.o rlnar an early rerrooilizar n would mlloe possible even whh rne nierorle cornprornire. In-ralar ox rne Hixlork connpronrire were nor iuxl aneonernerol oaernrion or o oonrinoorion oi lne olare..»:ne under a new label, ireolar ae ir enoolo be—

an re lake lb: raoieal meclxurcs neeeerory rar rlrerecclnverslon we naye aeaerioea, and iroorar or rnemuxses rnaolo aeain re demand something cuucreterrenriona would no» only rise again yery raaioly,they woola olro aeeone even rnore oeare Flamthis eranoeeinr, ir is no: at all arlairrory re reeallrne xiruuflon in cnile oarino rne Allenoe perlad.one. aga , rm; eanelarien ls eallea for: A re-xrabilfzallon cauld eon-.e only olrer aeenlye barrierberweerl rlre nain clnssu, ono re rlne exrenr rirarIhese oarrler rnanla oeyeloo, me very basis or rneoaerorien anernorea wllh rne nirroria conrarenirewuu la eyaaoraie

me this inyolyea in a onrrelrisr or aiarororiol sullrlien earnloinea wirlr . e oeanrenr dimcnlriex block-Eng rne earn or me Hisvoric Compmrrlixe have nodand are mil nayzrg rhe erreer er rexignlrlg decisivexecfmx al rna ruling clas re o enronie ormr or lead-eyship. ll would oe inexaer ro say rrrar rne camer-len slill lives. As a comprehensive oolirieal rala»lien, oe a rarrnnla rar elreariye leadevship, rneeenrer-le‘rr ix dead and buried we ralina elorr iseonoernneo to aanrinne re “liner buck ono rorrn,ro amer oenaernol oriaee or are aoyernnenr. lr I:eenaernnea re seek eyer more oreearioor oayer...nenrol szululiors whmz only elernenr araonrin rywith me put (except ror rne Anoreorri aeriaal he:- rne raor rl.ar rne aarlionenrary base I; lne same,or very nearly rlie ronre, or rnorol lne zen-irer~|:VI,rlne ralina elaer uerminly knows very well rlror TI

ear.-r go on*

way. Ano yer, rer rne mmnem, irhas no orner elraiee bu) re oo so

i

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b, PIERRE ROUSSET

The prapoioi YD recognize the exam us thgCumhndiuri guvemmem ona expel lb: LooNoi delegmiun Ts soon Va be dixclmed in theunnoo Nation. smoin, Canada, Japan,Indonexia, and severileeu uvlrver caumviex havepm Imward o raxaiuiian oppwfing fhis cooculling inskud '1)! negmianum bevweeri LnnNoland the GRUNK, By raking up mi; om—pusul — iornoioico by Lon Nul Ian July andmiecved Tmmgdinmiy by Oh: FUNK and moGRUNK — they aim in noinioio the Hawsqua ano huh Mt growing oiauion of moPnnon Pcoin puppei icginic on in. inVemu~iionoi omiaAv o Hive wnon the inioorioiig powerx areonce again wing in parpone mo quesriun,iv is in. Hunt V5 reaffirm Hm nzcesxiiy co,a sofidariry anuaoio (of lhe rvecogriifion ofWe GRUNK or Cambodia and ihe Pro anoiizoaoloi nary Govunnuni ui saain vicmoni,o sioiggia In wnion the sown iniornononoihas oiwoy; puriisipufied, — wmzscoiz

November im. For inc second fimei Vh: prabiemoi Cambodia‘: Mplssemalion is going io be discussedoi the unnco Nonona. vino debare ii ooino pfepurcdav o mm wnao o bmud offe ve by me rum noye! m some about, oiihougiu .n-mnoni iioneino ia

goTng on, specially mmmd H-we capiral. inc pastyea! o nuisee inc final coflapse or the oaoaoi 7:"gime, winicn noo been expec ml by many uflgr thecessutian oFAmeri::un borvbing on Angus? 15, W73.Super! ialiy, Ihe motion seem: Frozen.

Neverflvelesx, me Cambodian resixlunce, in. ionco wk: its place omia Ihe mass Y Eng cf the lndo—

2o

chines: popuknloru in the second inooonincso war,nae regisrured astonishingly can and confidevubiexuccess during 1153 previous «oar years. rim oi oii,men: Wm inc Tmncdium Faflurg or Lon No1‘: ooaoin spire or the ..no "mom: vote in Me Cambodianpafliumem to vemovo Sihanuuk, and in spire of M:quick xvpport me new “r:pubiTcan" regime gurncmdamong riwneroux oiicic; in in cooiioi Lpurficuiarlyamong imelizcruulx ona siudems), inc peasantrytamed bruadiy in the side oi the rum afmr siina.uuuk ioancnao his oooooi to snuggle Even woos».in. 9:evrTHa anio noa been verysmn” uni?! Wu?

flme, in 1970 the rum emerged migmawoy aso raw: ma»/emcnr Mm o nanoooi Trvvplarifiuribn. in

an onicic in in. November I‘/74 issue or Le Nnridenioionoriooo Knica Samphmi, Vic: pvime ministeroi aercnse or the GRUNK, icaoiico Ihe nain stagesor no war Hunt has anroiaoo ,inco Men:

-vno aburidnnmcm or inc “VT¢!riuwiizuVEon“ of thegrmmd wuv, Vaiicwed by Tis "Arv-ericuriizuriari.“inc bani: or my in January 1772 marked mo andoi mo oiycci and deep Triiervenfiun BF mc soiaonarmy

vrno "Ki-v-nnr7za§ion“ oi Uh: war cnoco no mart noo—

oiiy, Afler H-we dekai oi mo “Cheniu 2" operation,Ioancnoo by Pinnoni P:ri‘n in December w7i, LonNo: gov: up wing in organize any “: mosio..—sive, N

no mullar haw mudcsl, om ooii my Ion«nci iflafive

‘Given vim wcnexh/t defeat: and mo generalieveinpmem or lh: simoflori in iooocnino, Wu§H—

ingmn mod is bludgeon the FUNK info submhsiuriaoiwoao February and Augun W73 «nmon on :n¢r—mousniltmauli. ma en FE u.s aFr force in Vnda—

onino was iinown ink: ma oonic, no. mo resisrarm:was not brokan. on mo cammry, it connnaco tomgismrsucceis, and an Aaoai» is, im, mo Anon

Tczm §Uv=rnment was compgllad up bring lks be-nb—Tns up an end

The dry season, ‘I973-74Them was we very uppurervr at spwpppxpr iuccessdurTIvg rnp w73—74 dryseaon. The Lon Npr vegimemanaged to survive. Em mp: pap not prevent VhnemFen?-'> wsv mm (mm xuiierfng p caminued and Fm-

ppnpnvpemmnznpn. on me nnwpyy level, mpmp domham cppmps pr ms dry semen were theymppny campiete \'m\aVTon or rnp city or PnnonPenh and me mm vuriaux puppefi ppsmpns pn theOne nuns and »'..p severe wpppes, d=\/usrafing pn downme nnp, :uFVnr<d py We [mu Nu! pnny.

Every year Tn A/by mp rum pumkhes p Vapor) onme mfliklry mppn-on Tn Cambodia. Apppnarpg nome May 1973 report, mp Cambadbn PpppwpwxnnppLfbevvrion Forcu (PALF\ pnpppy ccn\¢ruHed ppman Dercerw pr an. country‘; Verrimry Em PhvnmVcnh preservtd iv: road um ~p rhe Pan DiS1|vunDu1<*v\'He ['(ampfing spn: and m mp pruvinc\'a1r.upTtu‘:of Kompong cnnpnp and Kcmpora cnpn mgnwpy5, behvecn mp pppnpx and me western dry atepnpnppng, was nccuxionrflly open abng :n pnme‘engkh. ay A/Lay W74 Mes: mad: npp becn pm Com—

Merely, pna uvpflrcnfly deFinTfiv:Vy Tnday, mesome :3 we ai mp rpnxp Sun mm, wMcH Howspwpnp mp same row: as r-upwpy 5. vnnpn Venh 1,spppnpa pnxy by pn and by mp Mekong River, mayWinks ir re $07507: [L/asses smmd by rive! cunvoyxseem :p pp raiher Heavy mnpuy, ynp province pfapupnppnp, wnvpn border: pn Inpupna and was ah:pnry ypxpnypxy "unfit?" pmwnpp oi mp cuumry, nps

seen guerrma pp why grow p p ppnnaprppxp ppmm The pnpwpyps npra by Lpn Nu! npyp preamps'w=‘y duxrered nhwmr and duser mmmd PhnomVenh mp}:Méreoypr, me rpm sulleved by me puppe? armynpyp been very Heavy. up vpppwp, Armed Lump-npn Forces npyc mpppmly evened “fron¢s" prthe mos? disvaru pofms pv mp cuurlfry, mp forcingwe Pnnpn Perm ucmmurvd qp ruxb am pm muMrher pna ypn. In.-gp pnrn npyp hear! \prpe<y dec-.np~pp, dufing m. n them: of Oudang ... MpmnW74 (pr example. u a probable mp. vnp rumnp; xumefirrm suFfered sTgn am Vwszx pp wzll,during mp npnnnp around me Pucheniang mrponin January pm Fehruary 1974, my example nu:ov=ruH mp balance of men and material Tn rn. Field(anpmzng 105 mm cannon) xenms pxppny rpypmpx.¢p mp FUNK. Moreover, in: puppef pnny :5 Hawzxperizndng p peep crisis of recruirmem and wereare npny mvre deserfiors wnpn previously

am ppmpps «np nw nnponpnz Fvmmre pr the pm!dry xeusan ms the deepening or mp urban criskTn me chi: under Lon NM‘; convml. Work flop-

pages (pm.p..gs., n z; we, verysmu“ ewes], pn—enprpynpnu, infinfion, lvfisery among mp nprpgeps,sharing: of has neczfiirias, llwe black murkei,mpey Hgofdfid by we nun m be ppnyenep in—

m foreign marrenc)’ and mm abmad 4 these arem fmnds Prices npyp im:re=s=d rwenfyfuld sine:mo and mp ppyxnp pvwer ufwuge earners nps pp—

punpa vo percent.‘ A epnnly of ray. in Phnum ppnn

ma. 220 pounds an 4“ p month. mp zwemge wageturner ppm only l5,DOD—Z5,0D0 Heb p MBMHsppppspaxy, he 7; emmed «p we puwvdx pr nu pnpn». py mp cm-\fimHed pap: pr 2,500 fink, Eurmp yppx prTc: 7; vo,oozmp1;, and r: ppm mmno risk p pound up ppy me x».1pp\:meNury rice"ppm, that is, pbuur 15,000 rfek. we npprscame mm the wcewy AFr?qurA:T:, N .57.! inVac: pr «mp sarr py mkery, mp Cumbnvfiun bowge5:: pm gangmls am uvriching rkemselvex «nmpnsmuggfing, comm: nfaTr msppn, and xp pp. A:for Me «M, ;» has been sharply devalued — wonmo rTe1sreV,2UU riek per us duHur. In pnnpnPenn, people snap We bark Hem Vrees 7m rppr.

rnp xodul :r5 7. scznywanng mp movemenr pr urbansnpgpxp. Lon New rapmly Von rnp cunfidence nc napearfier tammar-den’ amnng we smderm and ;..rpu¢¢—ruck pr M: capitol They Had npppp my “demo:ra:y“and p “r¢pub‘T:“, Truteafi rnpy 50? war and moreppnpp . and «n. American Tmervenfiun Consc-querfly, me 30-udenr movement has played we re‘:cf lrummi on bah ;.. me development pt urban Op-ppmpp, rn pm. pv me rewufion n nus xmerppAyril 27, 1972 zpy mp law school], March 27, I973zp: me cppcnpn callngcxl, and Hay 25 pnp June 4,1974 (py mp Yukumhor nzgn xchoon were fihe mos!Tmpurfiam dares zn mp xfimggle of we shrdem ypmTn rnnmn Penh

‘I1 Phrmm rpnn, ppr e in 5aTgon, mp soda} move-rwenrs expras rhemsehms more direcrly, whfle mppahncpw ur oc1Er?:c—re\T9T:-usppmmpn rermfinsImre mm. Mons wmn rhesmdenfxfiruggles, wm4<—

pp xrrikes have occurred one Miniswy pr Labor pp;reeenrly ppmpny ectupied by wDrker5\. There hasbeen motion among «H cmegoria (prpwpngpp andsuczuflva 5 .5 awnng pmiexxnfi; demomvravinnsofwar wTdows, veveruns, and wnvanas M mm prmp u.s. Embmsy demanding payments and PEHSWIOH

Fncveuséx, my "12 gmvhy or one economic andmm ppm; np. led up eppoxmon up be wTNIng +0

:unFraM p very touglw rapes en :1 need pp n Weurban pp! pppompn 4 hrs From mp: pr sp —

gun, n p because sondifions vn Cunlwcfiu (economicbczkwurdnessy mg rrpnp». ppupy at npunp n p punc.mp.p, rhp weigh! uiSiha»oul<Tsl apnpppmsn,pm.) vrevenlnd mp devekupmcm prp sppapr ppppfor me Fmmalion or heterogeneous zunemx nu thesppnn Vitlnan-res: pe mo-rengious curvenu

Yb: ecnnomic and xocful pnsk nps plunged the Lou2»

CAMBODIA

Nol re5?me ?mo a aannaaaas aarmsax msvs markeéay aayammamax shifls, defecviun of Funzfiormfiss»a 0:: FUNK, raa ar auvhorhyy and mndencfestoward caaaanaanan ac ma army 5 a crkk mayJohn Gunter Damn, the awaaaarcax American om-bassadur to Phnam Penh, was unabha ~a aaayayauwuy.

many, ma Americarkpupperaasmaa hm defamaa on the .mamanaaava1as.a. A ywr and ahuh’ aaa, fhe Savkvdeleflfifiun Io wesco wassun yanaa For searing Vhe Law No‘ aawaaanaa a..-stand cf Ma! ar ma GRUNK Nww Hve Saviefi ve—

gTme Tssupporling ma GRUNK aavaaaoas, evenY

may saaamaaauy. ma GRUNK was ucccpied amongma ma V/ofld at ma conference: a‘ Lusaka (sea-Vemhu W70» and Georgetown (Aaaan K972), andat We Ngien aaamaaaa aw ma sa-canes: nanaligncdcan/ntfies In Aaaasr ms, man» received ma exuwxmamaaaxxy. Ar W: UN lmV year, Wusmrvgfon reapedma resuhs ac a year ac wch deckbr: when maGRUNK wax recognhed by a vure aF 53—5o. aaaay,ma GRUNK ix r2cL>gn?z:d by av govemmemx, threear wffich am no! Tn Hm UN, aaa ay ma varasuaauaaaauaa Orgcxnizurion )FE»aHy, ma overthrow arthe ma: milhary dkrnlarship Tn October 1973 hadamaawaza repercusfiervs Tn Laas and Cambodia, evenH-wough the Amerkan-Thai oxix was nar broken,

Laa No\'s proposals {or negeiicniuns rzflezr ma de—

reviurafinn of his aasmaa. During 1970 aaa myhe axser a H5 WT“ re defear "ma vaamaaasa in»vmimv

‘

n 1972 he had In magma Vhe existenceac Khmer: “on me was side.“ On my a, 1972,For lime um time, he propwed negL7ViuITors, butmfly an we condfiion of a prior "vmaaaa and NonhVietnamese wflhdmwul ‘

on July 9, V974, maseendificn was dropped.

A new re stancemas, Uh: sasanasama ac lame: aanna ma past yearha been In (her reversed nor slab zed, despitema "hesvfalmn warm appearance a; ma namag,Nayanhaxass, ma saranaasma cf fora: Hex aao22

aayaxaaaa Wm. ma rapidity Wat r.ou‘d have ampredicved when We American bombing wu; Hahedin August rm. Were are a «aw buy‘: reasons ‘orwas

There :5 one Cowman name Var ma lrelafiive] yaw.aass av We revaluvienury pmcexs in Cumbvdio andsaa». mama he zammirmuu alAm:rTcan impe—

riulkm. was mgmn ghes Iufl under 52 mzmaa aaay =a Lon Nan, Between 3,590 and 4,000 u 5.advisers are navama ma puppe§ army, aaaamaain ma FUNK The Amefican air force based in

manaaa has not caused to sapaxy Tmlmgd puppe%garrkom (‘he Figure ac mu same; a manlh Hm becndied by u s. Secrerory as waasa samasrnaar,and ma emwx has deneunced bumbhgs by Amer—

ican r—m planes ma pum_:Ie:(- Amerkcn amas ma only mag mar Ts maHy mama ma aaaaarregime anya.

ma mimcry ‘actor sanazary has rec‘ mam. uato now, we Paaaxas Armed Uberution Farce; havelackeaf aanaaaanaaraases, and Me Len Nan airfarce has been aaxa V0 5trT1<e at am whemv ALF

naaas are concentrated. And Phnom Penh max; is

not aamy anaakaa, far me as» pumps? imam amconcenfimfed mm and a bread aacaasa system ha:beensetup. On me urherhandy ma FUNK hasnever seriously was to dos: ma vim! Pknum Permsaaary line repreyenrcd by ma msaaa River. M

seems, However, Mm the sum aaas have 7159 NHwy remmtes »a aa ms, or Veax? during ma dryseason, ":2 unemineis ar ma FUNK leaders abouta aassuaxa ma§Tve Av»-eficzzn zamyaanaaa {F mayaxan ma ma pressure 75 aanawy a laclur Tu ho\d—

mg Ihem back. But ma snaanaa of ma Nx'xan gav—emmerv had yamy nurrvwed wasmaaraa-s muvveu—

vefing mom, tending to male a massive u.s. Fmer—

yaanaa savasaax but ra

Tl-4: Am. aaa aamanmam is aaazszya, an n playsa ammm role in camaaaza man 1. aaas a saam

mam. wa Suvfh Vietnam, ma prabkm a creaved

by rumors related ¢g mg u.s. ggggwgmm — paITP—

:ga\, gggngmag, and seem, a well mm ry~gmgm through “gggmggngn, '‘ “Vielnomixcfion, “

and forum urbnnixnfinu" craalnd g gaming andanir7g7a\ 1...» mg wgg real and we: My social .ggn»y.Then mg; gggg ggmmg of mg gg. cgmgggxg.mg rapid formaufion of mg rum offer mg W70coup prevented g Vi:mqmese—svyV: Bpemfiun rm.being ggmgg gg:

What :5 decifive m Combed? 5 mg gxngmg new-

ammere Fa; been

a vTrmaHy x7Fn¢errup‘Ved mm, Eve-year gmggxg.In Cambodia mgyg wax g weak mga muggle ag-vween V945 gm 1953, and there were mm: gmgnguerrilla ggmgg gggmnmg in was and especiuflymg. 1957. As an armed mass muvemervr, mg Cam-hgmgn mfisfiancc is only my years gm. Cambodiawas mg lasr cmnpoyvem cg ggmg Inn: mg mduchinexzrevoluvionory (mm, ggggggg mg nurional ggg gg—

g;g\ reva\urTonurydynum\'c Mere wm wggg powcrfxflmg" m vxgmgm.

mg g gum. gm; gwaygg g key mg mg mg ggvgrogmgm or mg v rmrvnse resistance. n wax wmngxyJess stronu 7n Cambodia (gm in Lam]. “Land smnggw‘am not exxslg mg zgngrgm system remufntd basedM mu—ggg\g pmpevry (whh mg mg rhaareiicunykaldingrighvaf mnuvdv mg [M92 wgngmgeamgsKaparr from ,-.1ggugc:gus,\ were an-cred only reczmlyggg gg g wggguggg am 3. [xp\aF7aVon gr mg mgarmy wax ellecmd pvirmvfly through usury and mag,gm no? mggggg veuam farnfing, shurectopifins. Drprolarufiu mien. ugg on mg plaruafions mg ug-ricuhurcfl proiarnriav Wm Vicrnamese Land gwgygg

an amggnggy re‘: m mg wrmarion gr mg ‘w<s.g.g.\ssamh“ mm gr mg ggg gr mg secand wank! W).mg xrraregic mafiun at Cumbbdh ggg Came "mm

pm. wncggmgdru, mug \/Temuvn, Frcnch ;mgg—r7a|'\sm gm gm Vry ro creme g coVony of gx,g<

on and ggmgmgm. Can-bad g was imgga m-gnggagg g son gr bung: mg ggmggn French and mm

H pusizxxiorvx. unnkg Lgg. (?n W53 gm amng mgg r WGV), Cambodia aw ..g¢ become .7 gggzgrvg ngvagr sgmg m mg lndochhugsc wot mu arrgr mo.mg: h whar penvfiirsd mg ngggh m was xg ensflyg.gg~g an ‘-mgggg..ag.w‘ and "neurmlis same,mg: g: smgmk. mg» 7; mg» rgmggg mg ggvgngggmgmg; mg cumrvwnisf rnuvervlem m Combodh andgngwgg for mg Furmofiwn at g Bomzwnisr rggrmg,wwg m wgmgm ggg Laos mg gggrgggg gr mg ggngmg: barred mg» g development. And rm; gwgg mg"mug; mg cnmexv «g. g better wudenmnding gr mggm; of mo.57l'«unoul<‘5 agngggmg» regime wcs :.. gm; underfive wflght of 4x w'n¢ernu\ conrmd Hem: We mp-mglm ¢grggg In Cambodia wunred vo pm on end vg

mg nallonalizmions and »g mg devehplvlenf g: mg

mg xeckui‘, gr mg same mug, peuxum mung hasbegun Iv mggk gm Tn m7 am mg guggg of mgregiumfl confaxrwele ggg . smgnggk rgu aw

mg mgmgm mg did bgggggg imperialism could nurgnggx ygxgmg mg rgg. mg: mg “western frank"gr mg \..agg>.;..g warwux M? ggnymg iv: ml sharegr mg wureifon. rmggngligm age we -‘hgmgn up"mg v:gmgmLg.gggg.g mag. gc any cosx‘. sma—ncuk, mg Bonnpar ., gggxg ..g»ggg..vy go overpg mg Ame ggggmg sg mg Had no can mm ;x,

g gmggggr mg mg grg a b =x¢ema7 pm we m n:.":I?g a—igvg‘—‘Li/jgmgm or main sirugg as w ‘n Cam—gggng mg during Ifib‘T»gnogk nmggw, mugfig was ‘ggmgg m‘ mTngg, had ng» Vest mg pim-ngg ;g mg cmmfryxide. Hg..gg mg mggwvg mspunxegy mg peasantry to his uvpeul gr March 23, mo,and heme mg weigh! gr mg smgngmgr Eemponentor mg rexismru-:= g» mg hegTnnTng

Thus, g» mg unmet, mg FUNK bad 1: raiher dNler—gm ggmggg Von Yram mg \/Termini: and mg NLF.1» was mg heterogenews, ha .1 nm rgg» an mgsome hinaricrfl bmes, g.. mg mg «ggmgm gr na—ngngl and gggzgz muggrg, g. on mg mm: wgngmgr mg (IF. it 7; mi; vgg than has ro gg made upBur, mg rule of mg mmvunr gggg and 7nFrLsfru:mregr mg Cambodian comnwnkis befavg mg ma ggupM» gm gg gnggrgg mngg Ir was gm mgn ear Iera:?TviVy — and mg Inc: mm they had Farcseen mggggp ~ mm uHn:wed Far mg argon?! ion gc mgFUNK and mg rggngmng gr mg muggxg on g gvandxculg wwmm g rgmgmgry mgr ggngg.

mg Cumbndian ggmmgnm movement, wmxg ....ngvnude»; came «mg mg xggggmmgg Camrmmisr ggny,regret/sled around mg Prue}-ugachon or mg gm grmg second world war, n was mg rggs: weH—knuwnP mmunis? muvemgm gr Imaggmgg 1» 7; dungevuuxro make roo rigTd anuhugizs. Nevenhelexs, mg lan-denclex mgr mg developed since mg mo coupg.g dear: mg “Khrv¢rRoug:" nucleus, gmzg» ngamumivniad H3 intervention in ms and cxnecicfllym mm, haw occupiex g ggmzngm glggg in mgFUNK and mg GRUNK. smgmk mmggu mg:mg» g»: pain! whgn he ¢o\d Jggn Lucuumremg: mg ruxwgn gr mg varinus camponents gr mg

mm was 5-ne7y “go?ng m g rguglmgmy a’Vi

... Av mg gggg~, “ mg saw, -‘mg Sihaneuk oglg—mgg» wm p¥a'Dab‘y preponderam, or gy lcusv waxmg gm numerous. Buvwirhour smmgk ggingpresent on mg ngxg gr ggmg, smgmukzgm ggnginwyrggkga mg vTgar 31 mg Ign gmgmg. Thnsc ggngmgcommand ngmga cadres, vgugm leudus srrugghngxhaukler ag xhoulderwhh mg mg. mg synrhesisggma only gg made in mg duezfism 1

gg....g: com-mon" gum: 'r.“ (L‘Kndo:l-he vue gg Példn, EdHonx du sggu, g. 121.)

In his article In Ngvgmbgrs Lg Manda mpiommVique, Kl-ieu summon ggmigga a "national ImTun“

an

CAMBODIA

winnnoon innnonnnon conflict at oonnnnooionzonn. He evenshamelessly rramaended the lnmnnx oooonny mpxedan no From by none snoninnon nnnoony on «no onoo onnoon classes. -‘ ino “natnnnnl ooonoooinno, -n somononnchimed, was nnon Ihn only force no nonny no noFUNK, her was Snhuneuky nnno kwrlner ninno. nnn oo-oinnoo, he sand, besndex wcrrken, mm were someieudulkns onno same nonnooo onooniuoo onno MTsumc campiudcnr cupilunnsfis (o sngrnnficanf nnoonmwe; nevertheless mo no nnoo, non nno rum issupposed no incnud nnno national bourgeakie andnnno oonny bcurgeu éfnno was nnnos prepaving nonTl? UN oooono. Em nno nooniny gem: rmher lax:ecumevn on in Cambodian bourgenisne noooy in

xhnppnng Us oooinon am on nnno caumry. Aooon oyear ago, nonoioos appeared bevweern huncnuk ooon

vhe ‘tunnel: or nnno FUNK Inside comooono, nonmonmomoonn oi nnno vnoonnooonnonn, innnn “crisis" was re-sonyeo oy nnno dissnhnnion on nnno ‘-oxnonnon" GRUNKinn Peking and nnno nnononnonion. on onn nnno govern-monnnon arauni in Me nioononoo zmws. inno leader-ship on no snruggle was nonon. over by muse wnonnoo noonnonnoo nnno resistance in ma (Such no nonna

sonyn and in n9o7 Mm nnnnoo leflnsr depu "a KhieuSamphan, nnoo vooo, ooo nno Nim, wnno ono noooynosoooniyony vice pnnmo min. Per, miuinu on de—

lame, and comnmnde 3: onion on nno PALF; min‘Tsrer on nn. interior and on communal nonomo andooooononiyo - and minnnsnononinnnonmonioo in noGRUNKE. nn Ts nnis lqaduxhnp nnnoi is now canningno «no fan: in no innnonoonionon urem nmooonn nno

trips on n<nno.. Same‘-non

Once agunn, Snharnauk has nnon nonnoinnoo nnom openiyoonnn 'n1g min H: onoononno. An nnno ono on Januarynews no nono no. Nooyon onoonyonoon wonny nimn hav: csked nnno nooooo on no innnomon mxismnaemos? onnongonzoonny non penmnssnnn no go no nnno Ino—

grated zmnes. my Hana nonnooo.

n nonoo nnonwnnino they shnend Ihevvselvss oonnino nn.. noginimooyand canvinunny or N-we n<nnm.r nnono, oFw sh

n

omnnno innoonnnon nn, VH1 Khmcr Rouge leadnrs are mnnnnonnn onn oonnynnno out no work on 711: prnlerariannoyono on over on m. nonnnnony on Cambodia oononoonno 9 mo no remnn no nno country UK o pawerlesxnnooo on flute.

in

“Acmanly, nnsinonnoon were no rtmrn no Cambodianoo man, o gnoon moioniny of K‘-mans, ioonoainng

some who are presaemly Lon No! wppurvcrx no 1:

no communism, weukl ..on ion no nny no make meon him no reslubilize o rnorvsoc Hxn regnme n havenono my Khmer Rouge cmocnunes nnnonn would ub-sonutely not be plepued no play nnnon nono, bin in

seems no me that while nnnoy mm my word onnnonnon,nnnoy nnooo sun: moon no noon oonnain. mun mun/e—

means no wuuld b: onoiooioion no nno cnmalidurnionn or Vheir peoples democracy. -‘ wooyon oooonvo—teur, No. 423m]2.4

In nn. munlvyaide, moonnizonionn nno. been based onWe elirn-iinuriun on usury, nnno oooononizonnonn on nnno

peusan-n! madirian on "monoon oio, -‘ onno the :xp:rn>ence onoo unnonon cooperatives, nnnnn me oonoo—quem nncreux: on onoooonnonn In nno dines, nno

workers moyomonnn onno nno pooonon mnvsmqrnlx havenokonn on new on-noonoiono son Four years in non anoxnnomony lung oonnoo To o large oxnonnn, two canexpluhv nno gradual chamfier of nnno, oinonoiyon nn

woono be imoonnonnn no know now ion no social pvru—

cexs on «no comoooionn noyononion. Hui gone, andnoon appear: impmsibne no nnnno um noooy

Bun in ms: be moved mun wnnnn. nnne or‘ nan'nn on’

me rum o onoonny reward no, mzmonnoronminnnony offensive; and andwnnnno nnno nooonnonninng on V!-we sotnan oppusnfiiarn

maven-arm Tn Vhnnom Penn: nx undeniabne, nhene hasoon yon been o real nprnsinn; in We cnties

The regional frameworkrno need no oooon-noono mo social Enos: on -no noy—onurnon nnos Hm: onoyoo o bng non. Tn We FUNK‘;onoiooi afarnevntufinun nn Winn oonnom play o nono

in nononionn no nnn. ninon afiensnves BM in n3 cer~nainny nor nhe onnny noonon on work rno ooyonoo

mn vhescnndarnvy on the Vrndoch axe noyonn nlm nnfio 5 Too nn ooo, on Lac: one §ourh

V’

Len U: be onoon nn n: no? o W/e§n‘n'arn cnF ‘orgetnnngnnno Specifndfiy on ooonn on nno component: 0‘ nno

Indochina: noyononnoo no dnsrnncfi ‘oonnonnoon nno Cambodian nevunufinan n. c:r>e:n'uHy nsmnruminno ml: onoyoo by Sihunauknim has nu ooonyononnn'nrn nno 1:1? on induchnnu. Tn. comnooonoo oommo—rim movemer-7 has noo Ins own Mxfiory nnon u: feta‘!nnon nnno guerr'nHu CL-mans were recwnsfim/fed in

was ono nm Whue Sihunou‘-< UH‘ nnonon power n..

Pnnnom ronnn, and mvvne on nnom were non nnom IkeVnennunnexe ooooonn, and ha) zxruhlixhed o nncnworkon nnnnonoonionon anniancex innononnn in impovnnnnways nnom nnnon on nnno vnonoomono CDm:mm' rs inn.break Winn. Ha: Sovnei Urnian Hus om - ii n.nydeeper ooo Cknrvese Suppbfl nnoo been more u no

anon) son nnno noonnonn, comooo-no.., and Vnenrnumexenoyononioo; are imegraved inno rho sum: lnduchlnexerevolutionary process, whnse in-otnvc Force has Mknonnoonny been nooonoo inn vnomonnn.

i 5 oomoinon o onoonooniyo onno subnecrive .oni—

um and ol oinnonom snmmiars and chuicex nninnnionnno indnchinexe revuluniuncry View is purnlcularlyonoon noooy. ino xignnng on nno Purl: accord: onVjemam nnno nnoo ononoono vnpercussim-is in Lao:(where urnanogmg uccavds were sngned snmvnny onnonn

and nix connnnnonnio {inn nnnon no. Aooou nm Amonioo..burvnbing Hal! was onoo nnno onoonnon on no: new re—oionnon snnoonion), and no no Demncmriz nzooonnnno

ar vzamam iwiiii ma aiaiaiami of recunxrmcfien).A new phme was was nperied nuforily i'n ma vi.»names: revulufiun, aw in ma iaaac hes: revI.7‘u~man in wen im the accords aka aiimaiami re-giumfl develuprvienh rho? vaia very different cramthus: may aaaanaa during ma Amefinari asaaiaiiaaand ma mmary offersive ar Hie ravahnianury farces.

ma aisiiaai aiiaaiaiiaa that Ha: bean aaaaiaa unow by ma rum and H1: DRUNK is aiaa wim-amvai znuld be riegariofied with ma Amefcam,bu? Wlere aaaia be nu aaaaiiaiiaia win. ma aappaiiai Wiriom Perih. Silnancuk made Wu: kriawn immkdi'me\y ufmr Lari Nai-i lmesr amaasai uviv is),when he dec1ur:d' "We x:iH mien a Pux Ami’cam: ma» wauld imam aa US aimai a divixion arour Courvry ai a ‘gavernmenfi tunliviun‘ wirh fir

mu, Guiding, Dr Piaaa iavaii, wiiam is aemiisible re §,1€|G1br\JVl'lD7 ia maaiaiavaa a ga»/=rrimcn*ml iaaia, in‘ am. a riegaviurian table N (See merim». CF-‘dafly L-Hamaaiie, Jviv ii, i974.)

Likewise, a year aaa Hwinunn Prnsirh, a cm»-><niTni's¥ar, am. 754 lawn: of ma vaiia iavaiviioain Mesa -ma "Die Cambodian paaaia, vim have‘carried mud! 1'10-uvhc aaiam evetm Tn iaaoaasiain was urd fivm ma mm: renew mm in CMV2,have auaaav mt-do may chaice, which is i’rrevo~aabia The amps; NH‘t€!H1l|'VuE Vheirrexolwcnan, aiwayi aiyiiaai fiamprcmke “ VL‘Human7ré,D:cemb2r 5, V°73.\

A aiaia. ai cvinrilnfiari .i Heady uffimizd hu:man diffarerifiures We aam ar ma Cambodian revo-iviiaa «am that ai ia neighbors. avi soiidmhy,abizc we and many rim iaammiaa, ha; perhapsiaa who lcndus of iii. rum ca accemume magrufiuelixl character ar Meir paiiav. Cauid M; bebetause they Dr: maaiaai ai me am; iavaivaain maii final vicrory in caaaaaia? Th: ran aimam vaaii wauhi act:-ntumc the aixaaviiiaiivaiof ‘N: pupae! regimz in 3 son and wnuld howdeep rzperzussiurs ia n.a.ia..a caaiaaaaaiiv,vvimavi iiaviag grtalu aaurunccx, they aa rimwan? ia aai» iimiaaivai In H1: forclrorir mu far,was vixkirig a massive haw inicrvtrifiori av U siaaeiiaiiim, which miaiii be suFV'icTent1y va agaiaaima mail 10 mfiemp) a su7:Td1:‘9c'sNre. Av ‘eon,mi, is an: of the miai reasons advanced by raptu-senrarives of ma FUNK abruad.

ms iiiaaiiaa is obviously heavy vim miaa, barkon the Yndcchincse sack and viima Wm FUNK iv-sell‘. /\/nrecvu, i temikm could have been aifive aiigia ai we ma ia re‘u7'i0rs bamaaa Sihmriauk and H1: iaiaaial resistance a year ago. iaraai, Sihunauk dearly aiaaiianaa an irvipal rim:lo 5:: ma End of me maaaia ;.. camaaaia and m—gvefled no) Having aav saritmi over ma aaiiaydrawn .._a by V‘-in mm

FOR THE IMDOCHINESESOCIALISI REVOLUIIONEnae tmsrunr Vugrexsive sh?!) M ma iaiaiiaaiiiiaar lorcas Tn Cambodia ia ravai aF me revoluforkarias 3 raking place n aambiaaiiaa with isia ap—

paranr “x1nrwrie3:" of Vb: amuse; in aperufiiun inme lndncl-iineye revohnion today. The Faciavs Wderlying ms combination Dre ma importance ar ihccaaaaimai niainwiried av u.s. imperiaifsm, Wenzwriess aw ma camaaaiaa refislanct, and thewaiam aw ma iaaianai simullmi Ir wuukl ha: air-Vicuh to usxfgn lb: corrtcf velufivz imporvunce h:each iaaiai.

em 01! mm Facmrs are iinia av Hm-: lufirig mi.impuu The aims cf ma Amaiiaaa iaiaivaaiiaa iaiaaoamaa, ma iaimaii; aim puppni regime!oH’1iriam Perm and saigaa, aaa Vhc avoivriaa aima iaiamaiiaaai simarhri make VH5 prospez? ai amnior new aimi Amer aa iamvwiaa in ca»bndia ever iea maiaie. if in GRUNK is awardedthe Canbodian sea) in N1: uu debwe — mm mmr)-fix is decisive ~ ‘«‘/axhirigrori‘s aimaai-iaa MM beincreased. A::endTrig to me rum, iriiparrmir prog-YES: has been made in ma urgunizafian or" m. iia.cmrcd zones, whH: We movement: ai ma aapaia—iiaa and We xoidiers in ma avaaai zones are iaiea.sifying we exhousiion of Lon mi-3 em: mflimryaaiii is mid ia be exam: And We ermre lucu—chines: siivaiiaa is moving Mwflrd a mm

v/i.aa MH iiai mm aamac M is um me early Va

av N make a aiaaiaraa BAH ii is hard >0 see howAmerizuri Tmperiuiism cuuld riuw vevers: ma wavein camsaaia. The man iavmbia candirions iaivictory of ii». imiaamaaia socialisr iavaiviiaa aianow In Hie course ol coming Qogather Aiiiiavaii ithas not devehvcd iaio a gram oFFens7ve, ma iiam—"mg aaai Takuo, Knmparig Sueu, Svay Wang, Wwriom

pm» Email, and ma Mekong has taken on a newdimevixiori, while we aamiaal aiisii of ma LungEmu gnvzmmerir is having repercussions and wurk—

er; iiiim are becemirig harder ma w74—7s dryxeasari pvmmixas In see a zmw attelemmri in maavaiviian av We mlarionsmp as Vortex, In cam»die: as Tn an of kids:

25

A NEW DHASIEDDENS

INWODKEDS SIDUGGLES

by GOTE KILDEN B4 TOM GUSTAFSSON

January is, 1970: ST><reen worker: an mike in.ninmnnn Minnie: at vniyn in Gmhenbvrg. in. nextnny i,son yiniknn nn min Fm one nnni. A fewdays inter, Ir ii aH over We warken nnyn nnininnnn wage Tntrcuxe of 2 kronar per H0117 rnnpnnxiinnn y

usso.sm nnn mi ininiini far n:g>.e..n.ynni.niasand nniycnn wbrkerx, mien ‘imes D5 nnny pewyle GIGniinn CK reHel wykcrs an inn tnnvaym nanApr?! 2, l‘774- One Meusund marker: gnenni M nVrudenmian meefing al Volvo in cncnennnin Ia tom5. er Vwn ahernafifve prxaposak: A floss-struggle de—

mend «ni nn Tncrease n: 3 mm an new ngninni :1

Mn: 37 cu-upravnke nresemed by We unien bureau'-nnm Am a Mg cnnrionminn, inn prapwsal of lhebureaucmbs <arrTes, nno anly because nnny haverounded uh nu in one Sudal Demaoufit yninn nvM: Fucmry and mined -n. voéing Trim n yn». nrconfldencm

wing We more mnn innn ynnn that passed betweenfives: two even): ninny ni Me nnmirinn 31 Me ninnmngin in Sweden nnn changed. inn strike ni Valuein ma Wu; n iynicni expressinn uf -be 1959-70 up-HJFH in mn ynikinnninn nnnnnin. Anni n nnninaof u‘?5suVisfu:Jion nnnnn in. rank and min, nnin fine

nnprnyen and the union bureaucrats were taken bySurprke ny vehemzm Lwrbreok: five) genemny Ve-suhed in succcsxlifl xmke: — snr wzi-i, n xubseqveniremrn to wnni wivhm/V the mnnnin being v'uHav/edup Vhrough MOI: oermanem bodies For cunfirweuat! my, the pun ni the working clans mm wasprepared my more nmnncina nnn mHTN:n7acr'iviIywas very nnnii, and in number n: workers cnpnnicnr taking up oppmirizmul wurk nnninn «in human-cmcy wiinin inn urfinns Wm cvcn svr-nller MT; nx—

pin winy PH: rusporuc 0! we bureaucmu to thegm 9 milimncy nr the wmkcrs Mn 10 Hard nnninf|:xTble

in the Xume way, in, xpring I974 nynnn at VoYvu

can skmd as an exwmpk n: We Tmpcvlunt chungtsMa? have occurred. A broadened mdicnlizarinninn given rixe in MDVE Tniense cc- y by |or9%r

26

gruupi of warkerx wnn Se: 79 G5 a numrul wing N7a“vw up «in nnnnnin ‘Bf innin demands by __hfing

wiinin Hie nninni nnn inninnnnn wiuinnnnss to myQ7: in; min been exprelxed iniinn the bureaucrutizednninni, resumng in n mare inyninnrn Aelafiiwahfpni «aimTM: scpamfien inn: s)ag:§ is :11

cnnne n gevveruH:u—Hun inn: gives nn “?deuV pxizmre“; in due; nu! V2’

rim 1'1: nnngnie in many inaiyinnni facroriesNeverv}~e\ess, mi ininnwnnnn duex iepresem areality inn: c responds in Me nnnnnnin and palli-1:uH;u:kgmund.n mg nnnnny Ir niin nnnm i~

pnssiwn H: firuw some radian‘ cancluniens Fran innchanged mnnoinn.

The 196970 strike waveThe mike wave may nnnnn at We and n; W67 apcncdin: mas‘ imporram period ef in-nnnin in Sweden xinccthe V943 metulwuvkerx srrfkc anin inn nnninynn andan nninn nninnncinn were Rlken tamplerdy by :ur—prke ny in mine wave, wninn inns Forced Wen: Ivheir knee; In rvxarxysfifikqs H-«P nnnninynn gnyn in

innnnmniniy and ninninn can workers‘ derrnndx. A.Hm, Me 1radn—unTon ombudsman was nnagnmni Tn—

nnmn, rm! knavfing wnns on nn.

Mn-mt nu H-we iniinnn waders ninnnizen mii grimnnninn me nninn min in n ximnfion in wmnn Nun

unions were nnnnin Va nun. nny Vmxiershkn whatever,Hm workers created «nnii own innnnnnin by electingmike com :5 in ninn everysrrike me winm1959-70 xmke in ma sruik-owned mining companyVLKABV m the nnnnnin nnn nc the caumry provides0 geod example nv »n¢ slranglb ra he rnnna in §e”—nrnnnizniinn ininngn strike cnnnninnns and generalnnninniinn. We smke nngnn in me Svappuvourunine and luvcr spread re Kimnn nnn Malmberget,ubmn we mile away A» first, innnnnn yet: oran-mandx wcr: adopfied nieann workplace, nni bzcczusenr flue szniini working conrf Tons inmnnnnni the I:omApuny, Me workers innniiy came in nuop: n common

set ardennands Laeal slrike cummlnees were eleztedini ally, aalaner iiara iew days the rhree lasalearnrnlneer naed inia a common body far all me5,000 rninen, lne anired aarnnrirree rreaaiiared winone enralayers and called general usemhlle-s aecareeaan irnaerianr xfep in line rianr. wilnaar fhix mga—nizarian lne strike waald likely Vim‘: ende

ca wiinin a week. wiinaar rne camrllurl rr kcearnrniriee seryina L!) a link arnarei rile inree mines.ir waald naye aeen easy rar rne anian aareaaerarslo have Iakcrl ayer rne slrlke, araed a ren.rn inwork, and siariea xecrcl aeaariaiiara wirn five em-alayea, rne aenanas would have aeen :ompmml'x-tdand rne ealleeriye drrenaln ar lb: warlrea dlsxlpuied.

The 1971-73 dowrmnnoiilaial riarisiirs isdirare rnar I37 srrlkes aeaarreddaring W70; rnare rnan z:,ooo warkers walnea elflne iuh and l5s,2uu work day: were lasr am inW7! lne nnnaer er xrviku deslined, and durlnéV972 aniy 7,340 workers weni aai, wiin anly 9, loowalk days hxr. The dawrrrarn in rne srrnaala wax aresult largely as aaaianararal eaases, hm ii gavellie ernalayea and rne Milan aareaaerals lne breafl-i~Mg raase we, needed ia rnape up rneir uppizrolusexrwnian lrad became senile during two decades oF

class aeuee

in. emplnyen deyelaaed new anoisrrine mules dur-ina rnar rirne, and may eanrlnae la use inen todayThe leadeanip ai nae snr, lb: ample‘/cu‘ emula-iien, naw deriurrdx ubsoluic layally la a nard lineiron all in nienilsea. Neaaliariara are ailawedanly wiin ri.e lmicrn. rioi wirn Milk: earrrririees.in. ms sends spechzlly irained “slrlka expert:ia aarnaanies Ml by strikes me Ioml cmployer:are aairredr n:l’uHy by rne SAP, hm anly lllney ealeaerisally lallaw rna SAF line, Fuvrkeknare, rne SAF alaenlisis nrliranr v-orkcvs and al—

lenals ra aring as niany wurkzn as aasslale ra rrzalbe"ol: lne Laaar caari The mosvmllllani worker:are iired. riirears ar mass Flrhlgx and lrcmsler al pnraaelian la alner coumrle> Hum also been ased. ln—

rernal SAF eirealars, reeenily publlshnd ay reyala—rianary rwwxpavevx, arawe rne axinsnee of lnis ccrl—lrulized coumeruflemlve, wnien Hue RMF [Revclwrienare Nlcrxfsren Furbulid » Leaaae er lzeyalarian-ary Muvxlxvx, swedirn sccfion al rne Faarln lnrerna-rianall, nas been exposing iar lwa years.

we aenrral lvudzdurliorl bureuucraty has dlsa beensnarar-nine up in appamms ornaadsrren l-lav: beenrrained and rrade.an:an nranenea have been reaeli—yarea. rne Landsaraan' alien (LO » NaiianalTradewunian caniederalian), |'lkl: ile SAP, nas re»iasea la yiew sltike earnrniriees as one direer expres-sian of me warkeyf inrerara and nas reiuxed ra rec—ugnixe rneir riani ra eandaer negotiulluns. lne LOaareaaarars have ianared, ii nar aeraally enaaaraaea,

the blockllsringr iirlrlfis and Prosecution befare theLabor Cwrr of mllilunl wofixers When lhe localnode unibn is unable ar unwlnmg ia rry re areanl: slrrke, 711: L0 sends nae cl W: awn “slrike ex-perts" Io hull ll-ie million! acfiurlx giving an outsidethe unions.

rne eenained aeriyiiy er in. nrnalayen and lneaareaaerals allawed lne eaaiialira to srrenaraenrneir poslfionx aaainsr rne workers a a l*77l—72.Yhe aadly delealed srrilres at in. Areridal shipyardin carnenlawg and ar Snub (in me awe induxrry)were resalrs of Ml: new silvaliorl. llre law leyelei xlvlk: a iry during W772 and iv]: is rnererareIn be explained nal anly ay rne eeanarnie eaniane-iere llnere was a reeesriarr darina rneae yeaalr Mrage by the welldersunizcd aaanieranaelr aaainsrlne worker: vliis cuunlerullucfi saaeeeaea becauseilre rnasi rniliranr wurkerx locked aaln nxozricnccin slragale and eireeiiye leaderania,

An example al thTs process is pm»/lded by me srrlnethat hruka ear in V972 or ursnalrs rraaradanrer A3,a snail waad product: ear»-«p-my in rne saarli eiSwcdzn Nineresn workers w:rc an strike; ineirmedian age was .-weniy nrey demanded a 20 aer—eenr increase in ine nearly was: and a aerrer bonusugrcemcrll, leier, iney alsa denanaad rne disnissalal inn need er rne company, Arrer a Few days We

cwmpclrly resaanded ay naalina rne warlrers aeiarerne Labor caarr, All flue srrinea were iired and meplum was nayea la analner laearian. Tn: workerssuffered during rne srrike aeaaase lney were no!paid rneir anenalaynenr aeneiiis. laar lney rerasedla aesear rianey aalleaied by pa|llco1nrgarliza-riarrs, because rney warned fl: vvaid nayina onen-selyes ar rne slrlke raaaed wrln a aarrisal label,in lne srnall lawn rlrey were liyina in. Excepl earrnen selearian er a saalresnan, rney were laiallyanaraanzzed.

li lne warisera nad asred airrenearly ~ elecllrlg axlrlke eanirninee, aaenina a saaaly aarr rar lnexnlkers, xezking xuppml iiarn ainer wurkels aernlrlxide and omsid: rne company — lne mike niianrwall naye ended in yialary, eraeeially i yiew ailna raai rnar snarily anar «lie srrike lney were aalere rarn in. Labor caarr ease inm an indieinienraaainsi rne company, wnieli nad been paying wags:lewer lnan ine naiianal wage aareenrenr, lay men,liaweyer, ii was No late. Two years earlier, saena srrine rnialil have iesalred in a comuramixc bene-iirina I5»: warkevs. Bar rne ernalayeal sraay ai H5:

lvav-7o slrlke wave nad resalred in !h - previnusanirade ai nasilarian being veplncod by ine weH—

araanzaed aannleraiieraiwe

1974 begnnng an: new stagewe srfike a<VT Iy cf thTs um? spfing ha. ..a panama:Tn ma period fince rn. Second wnrld war. In xpifieanna Vack aranmaa rcaamma, Were nay. beenmore than 200 strike; in raw or my. vnanrnx. m thesame mna, Mere has am a clear Tncre-use Tn other)\/was as ucfiom at hundveds nl workpla: . Thesedevdcpmenis \u3fiVy um aaaamuna am a «ma stagenfsimggle by Sweden‘; working nan vn recen?mmTh: aaraaa of v<z7\—73 were na» dedflve Tn any3L-rum and W a nor xicwad as Mn ay ma workevxrhemclv Ahhuuqh save kraders :9’ ma aaa ma-gwm become aannarawzaa ay ma ‘Tmfled result: ab-ruirmd, ma Hrs? mm wuv: hspirenfi a new genera»View or worker y nana. Ina Facnvn promo 9 abvaadnr aaa;aax.zanan af ma induslricfl and nuns-aan wcrkev: rem ned in lorce ma re wamavy war»served aanaam ve pas an or swaavan cup: arm,ma decreased mom for rrfonm, rna incremcd Waaaxeanan ar VH9 workers, TM/5, n cm/M be aya—d?c#ed beiovehand War a ananaa Vn Me <<7rv}unz:mm\aazaanan would nmduce a change in ma Iaucflmtssfur maaana anana the b5ue»coUar ana wYviM:—coHurworkers, as wzH :1: amang smdemsy ma ix manywhat naaaanaa when we Swedish econumy movedTurn a van‘ Imam 0991: ana a; 1973.

The Mama‘ rexpanse was run? irvvmedTa¢e During‘he uuruwm ar x973 srfikes were smofl ana ixohrefl.But undew ma prossure ac «na beam ana rna aaanaa—nan ar ma anannaaa rise an company pramx, :na:a—nanan Tncreaaed anana ma workcn. The km of mama.-a 0F «na "an crkix‘ Vaded, tn be rtphased aygrc\«Tng wrrimnon abvu? ma Fake propaganda ar maaaauanaa FinaH«/, ma LO aaaepma a my aaacame‘ uage agreement, ana ma workers‘ earlieraamyny gave way 90 Enreme aanyn . We controlwage negufiahons are Followed ay \ur.n\ negotiationsin wznan pmvifianx av ma aananax ugreemcn? am::m:re*Tzed For each aIan~. Av Mai aam, nanywarktrx feh ma nna naa come “to make ihnir voicesmaclrd

Tn. max? Tmpartunt Feature aF ma gmwrna working-class sYrugg\e Tn ma present phase is not so manwe Tncreuxed number of sffiles or even ma rcvevsalar ma "end ofdefcal. am ralher ma change: rnma ovgnnhafion ma sffikes ana ma aawa playedby ma Iaaax naaw on; \n many cases, znaeaaaaralaanag a mu. cemrnfnee Tn an aady stage orme slruggiey mg workers nava demanded VHO? maxaaax urfio me negcfinfionx ureund demandsdecided an at Had:-union naannas and that meunTaH Veudeu gm reguhxr reports av an;on naanng;cm flue Pmsarexs ar ma newliafionx. Many ar masrriku aanaa wnan negorzanana were Hacked byma anarayan or when anzan humaucmts were an-2a

aara or unw tag to pm «ma behind rm demands.nna mm naya therefore been rurher xhun [a lawhaaa aa aayx), Tmended as vn-mm av axnrring pmsvsure fa demoruhm: the aany aanma Hm dcman$Wnsvead at an unambiguous process Tn awn mmfiumworkers roraHy aamanx Vhe anaan at an =ar|ysfogeof ma xifike mmaan infiependenf araanaza. nj,wt can now see nna aamnaa aw a new dTu|ecNn: be—

Vwzen the dx'H'nrenr ranna of anaaaxa.

n -a only natural Mar nany of ma new\y naaaaarp'mg wmktrs in Sweden are mnrna to We mans,We anxy permanent work’ -claxs aaaaazzanans,rn sphe of man aaaa annaana ubuur ma way rnaunions «ananan ana aaam ma union zaaaaama.Na wvuner haw buyeaucrufized may are, the uniomoWer a mac nna av defame uguirm ma empbyerx‘attack: ana aaa amyzaa a Forum (or rflscusxion

Ncvcvthaless, n ?s Tmporfiun: rm? )9 draw uver‘ysweephvg cone‘:/xmnx «an m. character of thesofirrg shlkes rna mfmg svrik: wave uczvrred dm—aaa a negmiuring aanaa, which awaaya wan.-a we—aim! anannan Va We Had: uninns. TM: pamy e><—

awana why ma sanana a:rFn:n: rook ma Fan-1 cf spe—ciul mm aimed a» aam-na pvsgure an we wagenn-90719491: rannan an aaamanax series ar iucfiurswax aw work

‘Nhny workers naya anaananaany drawn conchrsians man ma aasaaa amna ma 197143 pmind,they reaiizz mar svfike ca:v.vvviHee; ;n menaaxyaaare Tnxu Idem, buccmx: may aa no? 9‘ ru aw-yanan~ means or crguniflng ana ;vrep:;rTn§ the class.Theyxpmul up aanna We srrugghes ana gurher mamane: ufwnrkcrs around man, hm may disappearafter ma mam. ma um'0n5, aa ma afiher hand, v=—

wany Vote‘ urfion ‘coda: ucficd aamwnxy manma ~aa LO 4aaaaa ay nyzaa >0 ofier a ma‘ loudar—ama For ma anaaaxaanwnaaan u hraudened rud7:cIHzuHan has takensaw in swaaan amna ena aaa: raw years, 7! Tx muvery unnaa, nut anny .n cam;-urkc a We .aa;aax—szanan ;n many, Fmr|::, and Erifcfin, buficven vn

cumpurison :a that Tn Denmark. rna number 0F work-

aa wha aaya dmwn aaunaal aanaranan; From magxpzficnces cf era aamamax yams a very mm”,virtually restricted in ma members a; ma Far-lefturganizulium. Becuus: cf the oniy sparudh: :maIan-.anan ac ma can nan zn Me saamnxaa, in man casesIhgre ma mi been a corvxcim/5 grvup ar workers aaxato inrvven: an rna shuggle and develop ma nan:for wage demands Into a more exrended man: or a..yaxaa Hgher kmvs and ovgerfizcnien or s?rugg1e.~rna wag: aaaman was seen as rna mes! burrfingism: because ar We xtagnafiun {uni In game :a9==ydecmuxe) ac wage-s during nna pus! ray. years

The: ' ‘finofslr Ieom-nu useThe naming wup " berween the SA)‘ andthe LO will up: Iiéyfuvurable momen) forMe workers. nuuiunclure Swedenisout bsb~...~abA.bar.-r... brrbx cuniuncrurerin spite of ob. -.,-1-rarrrb. Unllrbd States andBVTVOIH ard D1‘:-jduduwnmrn Tn Wes? Germany,Swcdkh ebb:-nu.um: rm 5 rather $wTfV|yTHS shuufial, Ihdvfll brebebry ebbrrbe ar the?niernu2iun1:5§"nI£ov|!irmexrhmughuur 19716071 be e.r,aez..rs b, s. veubwzrg sbererr»‘Wnzrxmzd inuml nun:-vnr demand, which hmbeen bremyea by gr-errreerr» mcu>ur:5 abrrrrb memy fix mm. ad In: wbrrmrberea rbe lugginggmwrh D‘ exaam."Lawer run 91' $nl|n!€:n when in runny cfiher imPe—VTBHS. comm-is.V H‘ b specialiyxfion e: the Swcdish exebrr rrbbrrryand DH xtnxbnl minddcvne er’ beuyery daiex, me»is new bezrrq .4. w» zrrebrrbm berrbermye w2up*

rzbbmy up-rairrg "fie wvb mrwby, whkfw 3e><per'w:nc?n9uIeuv=r-Q eeeremzb boum bzcabxeof me gxplnfluliu-I of N21“ Sea aH dzposmWoxsessian afar‘ Imv malaria‘: mm are scarce‘m We rzsv of ha could'An exzepfiauvally gaad ‘names! :his year

nre bee... b.e,er_rr.a iavurable ebrbmbne «er wink-ing~<‘c1sx mbggu, whim has ebb been HTML/‘afied

by me rrbreue rerrrbggxe gerermee by mesnfing srrike mye, :er.—_rere remb were WW7! rrr

be Xpri Exrrikus. rbebbbe drT:V — mm re, theabereebe rrr wages r. local areas ubave me neybbebuea xbr Tn five e. %n:[ wage agreeme

1

wax ashig‘* as é—7 percent rrr some brbrrebe; :> mduxrry

wr wean? mbr me D’ .-rage 1rvd\A57r1a|wmker‘:rL‘a7

wages were cumpanizk 10 me by W71 (webmeans brbber men I=72—73> an mile bi rbe exrrerrelybad eermn ugetrnznl we big companies ere newpublmwing brba inflame: me» mngu ‘rum we rewe eereerrr, TH ; can brrxy Lvokmr me smbrrey b;we we.+er.,

On: 3190 br em has been me ebbnrbbrr-er. ofxrfikadufing rm; em oumvrln. Anumer 75 me mvod er memade Nun rrreerarrgr that be bezrre bend re pretvareme com bg eerrrrbr wage negaliafiuns. Wee weer-zrrer bbye been me xrermiesf in years.H ;r the um slug: br negof n, wbeba negoiiafion,mar uffevx me broadest eeerbr Mex -'br beembenener. were are web brebrer bee: ha errrrbrmng rbe plans bi five LO bumaucmis on meIeebx lave! rrrbrr Tn me eer.rrb< nagaficfiors, webare bend in reener. mere Ibbex regerra ans srrbbbxbegTn around February or Mereb I975. Them aremany maebrx H: mm vb. wnrkeis WIH make uxe bithese per; ‘rm as FuHy be they am be sprang.

Yn bar: on, It .5 Hkeiy mm in me my rebba mereWm be xtvugglex around Tsxuex mar ga bewnd rhoseeeruerea er. wages. ezyerr rbe increaied bemryamong ll»: wbbwereeaery — web I; xhown by therbrmblzrbubrr br Tmpavmnf wbyee or youth andMy ebbnbr workers and me svrengmerred seW—con—

naeree cf me workzvx — w: bre seeing B SVTMANHHDFI

brrrrbbexer me. begTn «rm Txoluvecl qbembrrb butgmw over me broader brbe, wirh D ebwmebr bbbr-aclev

This _DYuCeE is bbrper: ewbng by me veer rbbr In aeerreae be.-be «be trade unfnns are more bbzmbr-red

Sweden Man H-my are Tn mos? brber rmperrb .<uur\?r7&S LO ;|arrT:'\po‘:x rr:rb brebr bbmbrny rebu me nt.1Nona‘pa|TV7:u|deba9e$. In «bar, {HS par-rmpbrxerr bur been zmrzmribnbxwreaso me» LO :rb pufl err many b: «be organs or me mm apparumx.M; be; some renraenye effecix on the rewer weyevsaF me rrbee—bn;bn merbrcby, me» are bar so di—

rr-my the bgebr er me bourgeo sie w'\#‘m'n Ma YI3rk—

cps vnovcmmfl The sysrem bi rer-reeebmg Vaws kfind.ing me Hand: er me yyerurre ewbe law: Xuppormducfivtly by Loy 9-rye; Vucal union bbrebbbrbre erzya mu MOVQTH er Hcxnbfliry. we mbmy bureau-erene eemrbxszbnerr and the yrbu be brraeneere-reSKIN/res mbr be: been brebrea by me Soflcl Demn—

erene bkfluflucfccy depfives rhe been bnrccucfflcy51‘ any irvdepewwdence by regmd to ‘mm:-dx br nexwTug and geremx rrzmbrey rm; mums mm the beerbbrebbbmr lack rbe maneuvcr'm<] roam rber me07 them wbrr and rry rb bbrbzrr OX 0 web"; bc berrerbbrrrrbu-mg and eberrexane me xhurnenfng nrbggveThu ¢><New: bbreeberenzbraerr of -be ulfiufis ebbrbe Vack bi warlers democracy bre direcfly mwbreb#0 me yrerber; «eneerrey Va erebre mgdflx of weere Ouliide me unions rrr me ebr4y phagns of Hwefrbemee we bewreye mbr Hus rerb-erby WE“ bestrengfivened in Sweden in me rbrbre.

What must be doneThe SHFV Tn me punenv er wofl<Tr>g—closs errbeexe —rrbrr we brbbrzrener Ofxhfke tommhfees in merb: IV-'1 bi demands inside me me»; — bbb becnreer by me unrT—urFL7nVer\den<1e£Tn’He IE/OWNER’bry new OS b beexsrre Tn ckuss mnsciausnks We be—Hey. rm; In be e grave rv-ismke. Almbbbb Xe”-uv—

ebrrubnbrr baa reeebee a bigber lcvcV er aeuexbbrrreru dufiflg me Hm Wave ufsi1Ike5(VV5V), UCCDUHV

mus! be ruken er rbe nmuea number ev wovkns thatpernerberea in "193: sfruggks me ebrrerrr rerrrsencyof wbrger number er workers )0 cu eerrmberrrly mm-xr me mm Fx bnowxrre rer mare Succlsfiu‘ appea-< new work ogfirm rbe bureaucracy Tnsidz rbe

wen. Thix mus! be ulilized by vuising b bbvmeblerrerrreraye re rbe e\b;r—bb:1bbere»;err;rr line upheldby me bureaucracy, and He) by beyeebrabb D” remEfxecfufiull beebnbre, wbemer rbeee by me "wcrketxcummifizes" called arr by Vine temrkfs (which are

u

SWEDEN

w-wot‘-wing haw orgqnwzafiorws er sympurhixen of mecentrist groups) or me "xecref eww-sweawew. mike:ommwNees“ e..ee eeyeemea by me Nba~SmHrwi5Vs.The revawufianqry wen (M157 sfimggle we. a cwux-5m1g-gle pmgram w bin «wee u rwx. Eeew. union mun bevmnsfarrvwed :...e a bulllegvuund aguwrwsr class ca“ub-nrnrworw. n.e w.eae—un;e.. neefwng aw Velvo on Am:2, W74, provided a him ew mm is poxiwble.

We me.ere.e xee a fouriald task e. me coming ee—nee uF wag: negowwarworws:‘The bureaucracy‘: mrrvwness and wnnbw .y .3 newwe. we wrwfieresfix ew the workers must be ...e. Wm.w-ass ug'.:ene.. 2.. Favor er A/rwwfyirwg class demands:ecvcl wage Increases we. ew. .. :«e..e., ..e. by per-cenmyé); Squaw pay Far eqmw wk, ememem wagereadwusfirvwems according .e me me 07 :..wwe.we.. asmcaamed by e.. wneex put em by me urwium me..—jelveg; a nwwrwwmum wage, a ew.o..e. workweek Wm.no cm w.. pay ln acldhwovw, demands mun be .eweeee.~e....e me chwacfier uF11w: wag: rwegawiafworst

against me buweaucvufic ee...ew:ze..e.. ew me we»gn:VwcIrin:n:, re. movkcrs ae..ee.eey 2.. me uniorws,B90775? en rem er flute w...e.yem;e.. cvr wncumespewwcy. we. :1 one-year agreement, no secrefi rw=go*..*e.wo.e-, we. .w.e .19». or u..'.o.. members .0 vote on.w.e wags: ag.ee.,e..w. These demand: we w.. me w..-

.e.ee. er me e...:.e marking cwass, They one. a gen-e.=w, ..e»we.ew apiroach .e lhe bunrgeuwsie and mee dhecfi answer .e the .ewwe... arganwzed by me .e-farmisfix They us? he appwied w. me re». ew laz-reew cunzwdzwuwwonx deparw eg on

ww.e waeew circum-dances

‘kcvoiuwinrwary Norxwxrs have e special vespunswb Tfy

.0 araserwv :. mes. nrupuganéa e gwebew pwersptcrwvzew ewee ewgewe we order *9 sfimuwarz a powir'w<11u—

Hon af .».- megwe and .e acmalize me e.eewe..eof y.e.w.... eemw at eeew. mcmenw in me simgqwarw.e geew E .e e.eee.e .w.e workers Vow uswmuriarw-... we» we ..

wecan b: dcvewcped iowmd ee.—

fisswwrwg w puwer er me :.ee.geewewe new eewy :.eee» weemy em aka w.. saciawy m e whole

"We my aka Pry ~e eee..:e.eew e eeewmew 4;D.‘ .w.e mggwee or mere... Myers we mm! e..me—we.e sowwdurwwy Wk and emewmwy eemee. Mg

xwmggwe ai eww.e.. Va er: ya.» me» 0.‘ me wcr1<'ww-Ag

zlusi, a. me xarvwm ‘we, we mun fever >w.e me.xwcmd'wrwg Izmurwg rkt woflmts of me.. need we. ain M1:fightaguwrurcapwfiuliswexpwuilufian

-ww.e .ewe.:o.emp berweerw me bureuxcmcy andgrmzw of watken wwllwrwg .0 nmggwe is taking one very cnmpwex panem .w.e. demands a rwexwbwe .ee—licul enwmae hum me r=\/awufiwonu.-y wywmxwm.

The uMT—u wrw Oerwdzrwcies among me re»/owurhmuvywen were swimuwured ey Me um-7o mwke wove,wiih m w.:gw.wy developed forms at xelborgunizarionand we exrrerve wmwawwwy ew me wurkevx no me nudeunions Nu:-we er flue wemyge.:1ene..., aneweawngflue www, was unaffected by these widexvread leew-wrwgs. 0.. me part ew me wcmr M75 wax now expyeeeein an an Aurwlorw pewrey, but ;. aid mew» Tn our errgoqwrwq :.. eye.wy eenemw and pmeeeeweg ew powenvicx ww.» .w.e.e .e..ee..e e and we e :¢naTrw fiweorewicuwconfuaiorw and :..ew..w..y .e we..eewe.e a clear programFm intervenwwan in .w.e ensem. r - make: iM:H memore necessary ‘o eliminate VH5 we-skrwexx.

ww.e., when, we

ee. uniwude .e.we.e xe"-Dr5aniza-Hon” Each nee Furwurd wzw .. me union: reward ame 0' (‘Jun xwruggwe mukcx u euswer to uzwwvowe meworkerx. when no Chimes: weww haw-teen eewwy

Wk in me e.. .e and creuwworw 0711 make commit-Me e...w.g e. oven new agahsfi me players, andwhere we ..e. neeeearwwy any comm ' won betweenme ...:e.. and e swvike eemmwnee. On »w.e ee....e.y.N-wue T; u definwwc vclawwmw bevween me xewf-ar9a—vfizmiorw ew me workers and .w.e uuurw bureaucracy,eemee. .w.e bvreaucrm: and me eewweenye ac Wer me workevs w.. genemw I... wnmese aFa<:fiwvw'ry

Wm... >w.e mwurws — larger uwrendance an met!" gs,me .wew.. V0 me on wage clgreervwew-Vs, an and m

ewe. ..ege.we.we.e, and m on — wrwcreuses mee..e..gm ew .w.e wurkevs and ew me mien =weewr, e.me sumo: ..-me, me bumuucmcy Ts weakened. see»e devnlapmerw! weewe ewee ..:..ewe.e me evvwergencuo‘be<l'wes M Xe”-orgqnizmiurw flurwrwg me meewee,genemw axszmbwwes we./‘S be wewa .egewe.wy duvwrwg

me xnTl<ex and an eweemw xlrwke weeeeemp wuuwd

he wee. we eemew er Wu :nHe<iw'»'a ew wmkels.wme» ceuwd n=(nH any memhee er .w.e swrike weee.

eeme e. MU

rw.eee whw: mwswudge me cims chummev a7 Me trade

mm, whu .ee me bureaucracy as wee..;eew Pa meme.” eww, and ww.e ..y }cd¢v2|ap>u:?TcsT1w Unav/wk »w.w; vwew WFH

em and me be bynmsed by.w.e acfivuly of .w.e warkzrs .w.e...;ewye.. me ewes:struggle has already proven N-we wewwewme er snthTdeus L

EDITODIALggnra. fiuI\pg.2And mg g..|..anmy gr mg gunman sysrgm ggggnot mg mg. rgg wwg them is u rmgic ma agr-

nn n. gguggr ccumlries, .7 ggngn mgr mudngyg gg... mag up. mgrg has ako been gn orgygr xpecuhliln, «ma, gng gnggupmng of egg: 7:-serves mm -add gmgmagg ag ugggmg. Inn graymu mgn. eh: (umber or Wcfimx and mgan misery«ggrgxg,

The agricultural Nalthufianixm of the rfch coun-iries, wthidx has made stock of Fund reserves maltaway; mg mmzgn, which ix 7n\mDbTHxTng onequuflu ac m. wxchy g; world producflan g: mummobflex imlecd of pmduchvg In their phsce rmcmrsthat cuuld increase food pvoducfion in the poorcogmvviu, flu hoarding cf the dkpumble food ofmg kunyycounlfiex by mg uwvfing gwagggx whowan? In n..:onn mg mm mm ggpgnngmg with-

IBIQIIAINggnwg. rmmpmzgeneral gwgg ;n mg ragfon mg Ngngngx Fmmngg been aflwwed g new pwggg on mg ggzmggxsngggg and ma gag, mg mg gnmgggm campufgndufing mg wrrvl-er nod created g nggx mg g; haympy gggzgg: u wvmzn mg wgnang gum. rng pm}:is pwgysng up mggg ngggngng for gun mgy are worth.mg ogny Mitrwr, mg paggnngg: wideiy rendurvmg mg wwking gxggg, repurred char g new wpngr bomb hai nggn ggga, one gunman .9 pnggpngnegg, dfiigred to bung peep‘: were grrggnygxy, ag-ggng mg nggrmgu arm)’ éxpens mguy gngggnnmm; gnggangn. Mast mve 5 nus been mg news-pcvevf mm» luck g; gny mgnngn g; mg nmementxby mg IRA. Duang mg mcent spot: or bambingsevidence was uctunnhted by mg plexs Suggestingrhur mg bombing mag no! been mg wnrk gr mg VRA

am by nngwng ggg gr g numbcv gr crank gngng caU5mg mes: Med yg gng mg Tflureuion mm mg hombs

war: mg wnrk g; g Ighm anmn revolutionarymggunizofion. mag orienmfizm ngnggyga mg ngga mVfighren mg ‘wgw Lggw MP: away ngm unifymm gggn ogmgg an mg wggagnnn. gr mg Trump:Om mos/amen‘ Today, none gr mg newspaper:is expresshg gny mm mm mg Birmingham bomb:were mg work of mg M. mg 3:6‘: or mg glamwan rgrgg enovgfi ug allow For waging g gnggywngrcan-vovun shesfins mg alleged mm mg gr mgbombhug and mu ffighlen mg Labour -wgng.“Eu} mg vgng agny Lg Mgnag cf October 23 re-pmgg: that Brervdall Mgem, ngugngx orgflrfizer

gm regard og mggg .mg die gr hunger g u” mgggfeatures or hunger in mg W01“ Ioduy have a com—mun :“aru:ter?xlicg rngr ggnmgn chmucterTsn'c hasa name: Flrodutriun Furcapfmflsvproffl, suburdEna—ngn gr mg mus! glgnngnnny Tmgrem gr mg humanrace gg mg implucablz Igg:g gr exchange vahxe ason end Tn mgu, In mg impluzable lam: of mgnggnzgngn ol ggpnnn.

in mg work! kuiuy mg necesxhy gt world gggzgxmmvuhnien, of mg sacrum» united mm gs mgworm, and mg ngggmry fur a wcrld nggmgg: wor{<—

evs and poor peasomx gggzyg mmnnmy mm ggn.gxggmnm gr nmgngmy gna mg gglguyg Hwvarve-

ns ufdflferem systems ofsociul and eccmcnfic or-gulfizufion. Rm}-«er, mgy carvespond re mg neces-my gr ngggmng mg most burning gngbxgn gr mghuman raze allowing rhren and g 'ngw mggmnamamgn pggpwg «g gg» wngn my me hungry r

gc mg firm rgm ;n emgm, has xggggg g svumr-wen!dexcriblng mg bombing: gg "xhameIu\ “ Yhue ngg

ng» yet been any comment rnnn gmgn Pr-:vTs‘mn::\

XOUVCQS. u g agnanx cl rggpgnnmuny For mg bomb.ing: sham ggmg, 2: would pmbably no’ b: pfnied.wnggyg. pwgggg mg bumbs—undT g -nnpgggxgxg eomtg gg» ehhzr Rgpggnggn xympufl-fixer: Dr righfisrprovncuV:urx—mg mm ggg ggyg mg some gam-7:0‘ tunxequancex. mg am werkavs mu gggmwe pay mg prTce For mg wna gyg mgm mus: gngggnizufiars ngyg mmed we mg mm mg For gg xgng.rng new gavemncm wbenxurex, yet m be announcedm mm, mm play an imparranv mug Tn mg mam‘:fight re ngsgyg mg wgn Tn mg genera‘ gxggg mgmg; to come. ongg aglfin, mg g.gmgg\ weaknessgr mg armgn walking gwggg is befny used m tun!mg .g<g::gngn:p gv Forces uguirsl mm. Lggnngp mm Jenkins pmpuxex ng mgngmgn mg smmmakes mare vnnpgnmyg mg need fer mg workersvanguard we underslund and «gm for mg Hgh gr!cU—dL-Velmintirfon rm mg mm pggpxg mg gm grmg gr mg Nmm, ngxa in n mg as ficge byEmlsh nggpg, «g cxicnd mgn Wm 70 an-mm mus?gwgg be agrggaga, however much we may azggwggmm mg uggngg of human; Tn amgwn. mg mg.flaps ngyg been rvkcn by mg we gg gngbmn gunited from of mg revolurforwry Ign gggng: mgJenk ns pggpgggxg we ;g gnggnmy necessary to ex->ervd mag gnnga Fran! ro gg many wur{<Tng—c|ms ang-:n?zeITens gg posxiblzghNgygnbgg 23

3|

BRITAIN

THE BIDM NGHAMBOMB BLAST

iiwos ineso oonriiiions inoi osaon io arooio reai

by BRIAN HERONAs iniorrnoiian on no number oiosoo ono woundedin ins airininonanr oono niosn ol Noyernoer 21 Issiiii coming in, no ooi ooi raii is aiso rnaoniino.oui oi the yosi wsiisr oi repairing, noii irrriia,and iies oornino Fmm riro isrrirsis nswr rnooio, rwoirnoorroni new ars iseino taken no» inoiooro insinrrnooiaio uso ro wirion the oourosois is ooriinorn oiiair Fin), wnoi Home saaroiory Jenkivu isoraoosino is noi iusi o soooioi reooioiion ior somepciriicuiai . Rather, ne is seeking new iows iorosi. inrouon o nysierieoi iioose oi cornrnons— iowsinsmosino ooiioo paweis lo oioioin osooio wiinorncharges. Bumi o in. WA in iari

, rieoorioiionoi irisn iouno goiiiy oi oiienses in Briioin, ono evenino oonorai Tssuirig oi ioeniiry cards are oaino dis‘sosseo as well

in addilimi, ino roooiion oi sooiions oi ins worninaclass in ono oroono ine sirnriranoni area ano thegeneral oriiioas oi on ?r?:h~repubKi:ur\ onoouirnisrn osysiopino in the oouniry sreoro the max) per-leer oi eaven Ior rnoirnoin ng and iroonsriyino insoospssoio reorassiyo policy oi isriiisn inroerioiisrnin ins Norin oi Ireland, It oiso yes o iurrnor Tm—

psius In ine orysioiiisorion in isriiarn oi a sooioiiaoso ior mooiion wirnin ins working oioss <wi.ionis sorviethirig Powell, ine iossisi Noiionoi ironi,ono Nae oierorioni uisior Loyoiisis nowo osen con—sisisriiiy worning Fer). Aiior M0 or inreo years oiongoing oonio between H1: chases on nooriy aysryironi, ino raiina oioss now iryins. io recumpmaorriiy around iisoii and in ooiioy, oi iaosi on insirisn issue. wniis ins isooe ossuoios ino curior oi ins siooe, in. roiino oioss usos iiris uniiy iooosi. inrooois an inoasino iisi oi nrsosunss designedto sirsnginen in. siois.ariiisn ooiioy in ine Norrir oi ireiona nos oasseoinrooon rnany Mists and iurns, os nos boon aesoriiseriin orsyious oriioios in VNPRECOX, Aner the Loyai—isr general siriise, iarii ii irnoariaiisrn had no onoioeon no nsiorn ia the iesurrooiion of sionnoni andrs-orsoiior. oi ins sooiaiion soaoioi ooiiao, ins a Spg.

ais; in iosi, iiia ioioi rooonsiruoiion oi ino arkiiro sooiorion Orange snsioisr. Ta oreois rno condi-iions ior on evenmal srieisi. iroop wiiirrirawoi andon i-uisiorizoiion" oi the sinraoio aguimt ins Repub-iioons n the Noriir, ii wos nosooory io step up inelevel oioireoiroorossiar. oi ine beleaguered rni.rioriiy ooooioiion. iiiis hm oson me! isy o nros we

woys oi rssisianoo, wnisn included ins oornrngdown oi iniornrnsni camps oy Repubiican arisonors,ariiisn irnoorio srn wasbemming inoroosinoiy Ag.parure io srnosi. inir royal oi Msismrvce in unis iorin. Cumrilufianul Auornisiy called ior inosprzno.

orooiona r ino oonouoi oi inrnsrioiisrn-r poiioy oi.so in Erituiii iisoii, ooriiauioriy wiinin ins Labourooriy “De!f“ inonoars oi Farliumzn) iouno ii in-creasmgiy oiiiiooii io ooiono Ike more on: more ob—

yious roie oi sn irooos, Some, like Joan May-noro, woke oio roooni Troop: Om aesnonsiroiionin London iirai was supoorieo by yorious ssoiioro oithe reyoioiiooory isii, Arid iiris Op: 5. was su7?'i—

ozeni In oooin onoo ugi: no roise no issue or im—

nreoioia irooo wiinorowoi in o srnoii nui irvipcktamwoy wimin ins werking oioss. soon rnoyes were aiiiornonoous imuurkmce ea ins ruiino oiass, wnionneeded ooin to ooisnri in irisn ooiioy ona io pre—yoni ins iooir oioss oioo ii noo buih around insirisn issue irorn oaino eroded urooni mzmuru werenooorsory Io prevem ine wiily oi ins ioir sooioioonoorais and N595: aoiiyo on no irisn isson. sso.iions oi ino rigni woiiino on ins wings oi ino iarii.isn sooioi and ooiiiiaai orisir noo 2»/en orsoior iisnio iry on ino irisn queslinn. i-oweii, sionoino inNoriinsrn iroiono .n in. ioies» irniiornoniary aioo-rions, wos ousiiy unempfing io ;¢bb|e ioosiosr orsooiionary ooso wirnin ino working oioss oyer insneoas oi ino warkeys‘ irosiiiionoi isoosa on me is-soss oi ireiano and rsroisrn As iono ooo os oaiooor3 rne Red Weekiy, oaoor oi ine ioiornaiionoi Mai3<—

isi crouo (IMGX, ariiisir sooiion oi lhe ioorin iniernoiionai, had inis to soy:“For i>owsii nos every inioniion oi using iris suoosssin iiro xix aouniies ro soiii up, oisorooniso, and de-iaoi ins isririsn Waiking cioss. taking ins iirsisiso Iurward iowaras using me irisn as o ooiiiiooiwui—cry in ine rorna way ino: no nos aisoooy uxedMack insnrigronis in inis oaunery. unioriunoioiy,seniirnoni ior inir already oxisis in de ine Em n

V/nrking cioss i- 7uweH'x ariye oorriso in iiswake ino Naiionoi iron: and ine Norinsrn Irishiayoiisi oroonizoiiorn. inoso groups aiioooi io uroP<w«e|i‘s aonaoariisi rniiiaiiys in in. oooroeoisorooo ic erganizulionally oonsoiioaie a base WM»in M1: working oioss

Mi inns. aisnnsnis have oorne ioosinsr oroono insairninonorn bomb oiosis, si roooris i-rorn Bfnnirigwiranr ioori oi iiso oroo wnion gave iowaii soonori inthe pun) n-oisoia inai some oorizoi xrrikes clgaimrino IRA ooiiino ior roiniraauoiion oi ins aeoin pen»oiiyior ii<A “verrori5is“ nouo ioisor. place. Wadeers oi lg oor oionis like ino one oi Longbridyewoinoa oii ins ion ior Ma or inrso noon ano naioirnorornoio oni irirn osnoroiro N in same oinoriooioriss prn—Repnb|Tcans nova been oaoien up.in: Noiionoi ironi nos issooo o ooii ior o une—duy

coni-o onpg.3I:42 gu;,,o,rss,,or.ooi. nsns eroionoorr, 14 roe nionorro, mm Bu/xalln inonn.n~.s,ooiois efe roa-iieur,