© 2009 by south-western, cengage learning samirlander chapter 16

© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning

SAMSAMIRLANDERIRLANDER

Chapter 16Chapter 16

Florida Real Estate:Florida Real Estate: Principles, Practices and Principles, Practices and

License LawLicense Law

Chapter 16Chapter 16

Residential Construction and Residential Construction and Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues



Key TermsKey Terms

Asbestos

Casement window

Corner lot

Cul-de-sac lots

Double-hung window

Fixed window

Flag lot

Gable

Gambrel

Hip

Horizontal sliding window

Insulation

Interior lot

Key lot

Lot

Mansard

R value

T lot

Underground storage tanks

Urea-formaldehyde insulation


Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction

Footing: concrete base or support under a foundation wall

1. Slab-on-grade

2. Basement

3. Crawl space



Framing: underlying structure

1. Platform framing

2. Basement

3. Crawl space



Each story built as a separate unit

Each wall runs entire height of building



Beams supporting the building rest on posts

Note problems with framing

Bulging exterior walls

Sticking doors / windows

Sloping floors

Cracks in foundation, walls, or ceiling



Loose-fill

Blanket and batt

Spayed-on

Foil

Rigid

Foam

R value: R value: resistance to heat flow



Needed air flow

Sheathing attached to studs

Waterproof building paper

Exterior materials



Single Hung: Single Hung: 2 sashes, one moves

Double hungDouble hung: 2 sashes, both move

Horizontal sliding: Horizontal sliding: moves from side to side

Casement: Casement: swings outward

Jalousie: Jalousie: louvers pivot

Fixed: Fixed: cannot open



Trusses: Trusses: factory assembled

Rafters and joists: Rafters and joists: Rafters: sloping parallel beams

Joists: horizontal parallel beams

Joists AloneJoists Alone

Post and Beam: Post and Beam: beams rest on posts or columns


Construction DetailsConstruction Details

Figure 16.1


Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment

Warm Air: Warm Air: blower distributes hot air

Water: Water: hot water in a boiler

Steam: Steam: boiler with firebox

Electricity: Electricity: fuel to heat air or water



Coal

Fuel oil

Natural gas

Electricity

Solar energy



Window Air-Conditioning Window Air-Conditioning Units: Units: single room

Central Air Conditioning: Central Air Conditioning: cools throughout house

Heat Pumps: Heat Pumps: both heat and cool



Supply clean water

Remove waste

Water supplyWater supplyMunicipal

Well

Private



Water heated and powered by electricity, gas, or oil

Municipal sewer

Septic tankSolid waste sinks

Grease rises

Liquid



Service entrance – meter – distribution panel

Master circuit breaker

Volts: Volts: force120 – 240

Amps: Amps: amount of electricity


Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms

Backfill: Backfill: soil around foundation walls

Bearing Wall: Bearing Wall: bears weight

Commercial Acre: Commercial Acre: area available for construction

Conduit: Conduit: pipe used to protect wiring



Deciduous: Deciduous: tree that loses leaves in winter

Drywall: Drywall: sheetrock

Elevation Drawing: Elevation Drawing: shows front and sides

EER: EER: appliance energy efficiency



Flashing: Flashing: sheet metal prevents water from seeping through roof

Footing: Footing: concrete base or support under foundation wall

Foundation: Foundation: supports 1st floor



Header: Header: support beam over doors or windows

Joist: Joist: support beam in floor or ceiling

Percolation Test: Percolation Test: water absorption rate of soil

Septic tank



Plot Plan: Plot Plan: boundaries, dimensions, and location of improvements

Potable Water: Potable Water: drinkable

R Value: R Value: effectiveness of insulation

Rafter: Rafter: supports the roof



Ridgeboard: Ridgeboard: runs length of roof at highest point

RoofRoofGable: Gable: slope on 2 sides

Hip: Hip: slope on 4 sides

Gambrel: Gambrel: 2 sections with different slopes, only 2 sides slope

Mansard: Mansard: 2 sections, all 4 sides slope



Sheathing: Sheathing: 1st layer outside of wall studs or roof rafters

SillSill: : lowest member resting on foundation

Soil Pipe: Soil Pipe: carries waste to main sewer line



Sole PlateSole Plate: : horizontal member to which wall studs are attached

Stud: Stud: vertical support boards


Additional Dictionary of Additional Dictionary of Construction TermsConstruction Terms

Culvert: Culvert: drain

Flashing: Flashing: metal strips

Footing: Footing: concert base

Knob: Knob: used in outdated electrical system

Sash: Sash: holds a glass pane

Shake: Shake: roofing material

Figure 16.3


Additional Dictionary of Additional Dictionary of Construction TermsConstruction Terms

Shell: Shell: framework

Shingles: Shingles: roof finishing material

Slab: Slab: flat concert

Slate: Slate: hard rock

R in R Value: R in R Value: resistance

Trusses: Trusses: factory built triangular framing units

Figure 16.3


Architectural StylesArchitectural Styles

Figure: 16.4a


Architectural StylesArchitectural Styles

Figure: 16.4b


Residential LotsResidential Lots

Lot: Lot: part of a subdivision

Intersection of 2 streets

Interior lot at end of “T” intersection


Residential LotsResidential Lots

Lot at dead end of street with circular turnaround

Deep lot with side yard that abuts rear of many other lots

Looks like a flagpole


Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards

Radon: colorless, odorless toxic gas that enters building from ground

To discover radon gas:Contact local, state or federal agency

Ask neighbors

Test

Disclosure

RadonRadon



Formaldehyde Gas: emitted by material in household items

Furniture

Draperies

Carpet

Plywood

FormaldehydeFormaldehydeGasGas



Urea-formaldehydeUrea-formaldehydeThermal insulation found in older homes

Recommend:

Air tested for formaldehyde gas

Consult health authority

FormaldehydeFormaldehydeGasGas



AsbestosAsbestos

Was used in insulation as a fire-retardant

Causes lung disease

AsbestosAsbestos



Indications include:

Ceilings / walls covered with grainy plaster

Ceilings / walls sprayed with fluffy stringy material

Pipes or boilers wrapped with fibrous material, cement or felt-type insulation

AsbestosAsbestos



Lead plumbing & lead based paint

Problems occur when someone

Drinks water w/ lead particles

Ingests flakes of lead based paint

Inhales lead particles

LeadLead



Issues related to lead contamination

HUD regulations

Cannot connect lead plumbing to public water

No assistance from HUD or VA if lead exceed EPA standards

Homes built prior to 1978 with peeling paint

LeadLead



Seller/lessor must disclose presence of known lead-based paint, lead-based paint hazards, and provide available reports

LeadLead



Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home

10 day inspection period

Disclosure in contracts and leases

LeadLead



Sellers, lessors, and real estate agents share responsibility for compliance

LeadLead



Dinking water contaminated by:

Pesticides and fertilizers

Leaking underground storage tanks

Hazardous waste dump

Mining

Other sources

GroundwaterGroundwaterContaminationContamination



To determine contamination:

Contact health authority

Ask neighbors

Inspect for dumping, mining & other sources

Keep up-to-date reports

Inspect for oil, areas with no growth, & other signs





Determine previous use

Inspect for signs of previous commercial use

Was previous owner cited for violations?

Are there underground storage tanks?





Inspect for air vents sticking out of the ground

Hire an expert




Environmental disclosure statement

Checklist of environmental conditions

HAZARDHAZARD



Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

Innocent landowner

Due diligence investigation

HAZARDHAZARD



Requirements:

Review of previous and current ownership use

Review of all previous inspections, investigations litigations, etc.

Evaluation of adjacent property

Review of drainage, sewer & septic

HAZARDHAZARD

© 2009 by south-western, cengage learning samirlander chapter 16

Documents

mechanical systems

heat air

hot air water

equipmentwarm air

hot water

building rest

foundation wallsbearing

residential construction