Florida Real Estate:Florida Real Estate: Principles, Practices and Principles, Practices and
License LawLicense Law
Chapter 16Chapter 16
Residential Construction and Residential Construction and Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Key TermsKey Terms
Asbestos
Casement window
Corner lot
Cul-de-sac lots
Double-hung window
Fixed window
Flag lot
Gable
Gambrel
Hip
Horizontal sliding window
Insulation
Interior lot
Key lot
Lot
Mansard
R value
T lot
Underground storage tanks
Urea-formaldehyde insulation
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Footing: concrete base or support under a foundation wall
1. Slab-on-grade
2. Basement
3. Crawl space
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Framing: underlying structure
1. Platform framing
2. Basement
3. Crawl space
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Each story built as a separate unit
Each wall runs entire height of building
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Beams supporting the building rest on posts
Note problems with framing
Bulging exterior walls
Sticking doors / windows
Sloping floors
Cracks in foundation, walls, or ceiling
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Loose-fill
Blanket and batt
Spayed-on
Foil
Rigid
Foam
R value: R value: resistance to heat flow
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Needed air flow
Sheathing attached to studs
Waterproof building paper
Exterior materials
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Single Hung: Single Hung: 2 sashes, one moves
Double hungDouble hung: 2 sashes, both move
Horizontal sliding: Horizontal sliding: moves from side to side
Casement: Casement: swings outward
Jalousie: Jalousie: louvers pivot
Fixed: Fixed: cannot open
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Features of Exterior Features of Exterior ConstructionConstruction
Trusses: Trusses: factory assembled
Rafters and joists: Rafters and joists: Rafters: sloping parallel beams
Joists: horizontal parallel beams
Joists AloneJoists Alone
Post and Beam: Post and Beam: beams rest on posts or columns
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Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment
Warm Air: Warm Air: blower distributes hot air
Water: Water: hot water in a boiler
Steam: Steam: boiler with firebox
Electricity: Electricity: fuel to heat air or water
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Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment
Coal
Fuel oil
Natural gas
Electricity
Solar energy
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Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment
Window Air-Conditioning Window Air-Conditioning Units: Units: single room
Central Air Conditioning: Central Air Conditioning: cools throughout house
Heat Pumps: Heat Pumps: both heat and cool
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Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment
Supply clean water
Remove waste
Water supplyWater supplyMunicipal
Well
Private
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Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment
Water heated and powered by electricity, gas, or oil
Municipal sewer
Septic tankSolid waste sinks
Grease rises
Liquid
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Mechanical Systems and Mechanical Systems and EquipmentEquipment
Service entrance – meter – distribution panel
Master circuit breaker
Volts: Volts: force120 – 240
Amps: Amps: amount of electricity
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Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Backfill: Backfill: soil around foundation walls
Bearing Wall: Bearing Wall: bears weight
Commercial Acre: Commercial Acre: area available for construction
Conduit: Conduit: pipe used to protect wiring
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Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Deciduous: Deciduous: tree that loses leaves in winter
Drywall: Drywall: sheetrock
Elevation Drawing: Elevation Drawing: shows front and sides
EER: EER: appliance energy efficiency
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Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Flashing: Flashing: sheet metal prevents water from seeping through roof
Footing: Footing: concrete base or support under foundation wall
Foundation: Foundation: supports 1st floor
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Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Header: Header: support beam over doors or windows
Joist: Joist: support beam in floor or ceiling
Percolation Test: Percolation Test: water absorption rate of soil
Septic tank
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Plot Plan: Plot Plan: boundaries, dimensions, and location of improvements
Potable Water: Potable Water: drinkable
R Value: R Value: effectiveness of insulation
Rafter: Rafter: supports the roof
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Ridgeboard: Ridgeboard: runs length of roof at highest point
RoofRoofGable: Gable: slope on 2 sides
Hip: Hip: slope on 4 sides
Gambrel: Gambrel: 2 sections with different slopes, only 2 sides slope
Mansard: Mansard: 2 sections, all 4 sides slope
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Sheathing: Sheathing: 1st layer outside of wall studs or roof rafters
SillSill: : lowest member resting on foundation
Soil Pipe: Soil Pipe: carries waste to main sewer line
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Common Construction TermsCommon Construction Terms
Sole PlateSole Plate: : horizontal member to which wall studs are attached
Stud: Stud: vertical support boards
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Additional Dictionary of Additional Dictionary of Construction TermsConstruction Terms
Culvert: Culvert: drain
Flashing: Flashing: metal strips
Footing: Footing: concert base
Knob: Knob: used in outdated electrical system
Sash: Sash: holds a glass pane
Shake: Shake: roofing material
Figure 16.3
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Additional Dictionary of Additional Dictionary of Construction TermsConstruction Terms
Shell: Shell: framework
Shingles: Shingles: roof finishing material
Slab: Slab: flat concert
Slate: Slate: hard rock
R in R Value: R in R Value: resistance
Trusses: Trusses: factory built triangular framing units
Figure 16.3
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Residential LotsResidential Lots
Lot: Lot: part of a subdivision
Intersection of 2 streets
Interior lot at end of “T” intersection
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Residential LotsResidential Lots
Lot at dead end of street with circular turnaround
Deep lot with side yard that abuts rear of many other lots
Looks like a flagpole
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Radon: colorless, odorless toxic gas that enters building from ground
To discover radon gas:Contact local, state or federal agency
Ask neighbors
Test
Disclosure
RadonRadon
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Formaldehyde Gas: emitted by material in household items
Furniture
Draperies
Carpet
Plywood
FormaldehydeFormaldehydeGasGas
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Urea-formaldehydeUrea-formaldehydeThermal insulation found in older homes
Recommend:
Air tested for formaldehyde gas
Consult health authority
FormaldehydeFormaldehydeGasGas
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
AsbestosAsbestos
Was used in insulation as a fire-retardant
Causes lung disease
AsbestosAsbestos
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Indications include:
Ceilings / walls covered with grainy plaster
Ceilings / walls sprayed with fluffy stringy material
Pipes or boilers wrapped with fibrous material, cement or felt-type insulation
AsbestosAsbestos
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Lead plumbing & lead based paint
Problems occur when someone
Drinks water w/ lead particles
Ingests flakes of lead based paint
Inhales lead particles
LeadLead
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Issues related to lead contamination
HUD regulations
Cannot connect lead plumbing to public water
No assistance from HUD or VA if lead exceed EPA standards
Homes built prior to 1978 with peeling paint
LeadLead
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Seller/lessor must disclose presence of known lead-based paint, lead-based paint hazards, and provide available reports
LeadLead
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home
10 day inspection period
Disclosure in contracts and leases
LeadLead
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Sellers, lessors, and real estate agents share responsibility for compliance
LeadLead
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Dinking water contaminated by:
Pesticides and fertilizers
Leaking underground storage tanks
Hazardous waste dump
Mining
Other sources
GroundwaterGroundwaterContaminationContamination
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
To determine contamination:
Contact health authority
Ask neighbors
Inspect for dumping, mining & other sources
Keep up-to-date reports
Inspect for oil, areas with no growth, & other signs
GroundwaterGroundwaterContaminationContamination
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
To determine contamination:
Determine previous use
Inspect for signs of previous commercial use
Was previous owner cited for violations?
Are there underground storage tanks?
GroundwaterGroundwaterContaminationContamination
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
To determine contamination:
Inspect for air vents sticking out of the ground
Hire an expert
GroundwaterGroundwaterContaminationContamination
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Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Environmental disclosure statement
Checklist of environmental conditions
HAZARDHAZARD
© 2009 by South-Western, Cengage Learning
Environmental HazardsEnvironmental Hazards
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
Innocent landowner
Due diligence investigation
HAZARDHAZARD