© 2013 delmar, cengage learning. all rights reserved anatomic reference systems describe the...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Anatomic Reference Systems
• Describe the location and functions of bodyparts using:
– Body planes– Body directions– Body cavities– Body Regions
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Surface Anatomy
Anatomical position – hands at side, palms up, feet forward and together.
Supine – anatomical position lying face upProne – anatomical position lying face down
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
4 Quadrants
1.RUQ2.RLQ3.LUQ4.LLQ
Describing areas of concern by clinicians.
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Abdominopelvic Regions
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1. More precise locations when discussing clinically
2. External landmarks help identify internal organ location.
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Planes
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1. Transverse- superior/inferior section (cross-section)
2. Frontal/Coronal – anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal)
3. Sagittal – left/right
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Directional Terms
•Be familiar with terms on P. 19
Let’s practice
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Body Cavities
1. Ventral Body Cavity (Coelem)1. Contains most internal organs- rearranges during fetal
development2. Divided into 2 cavities by the diaphragm (flat muscular
sheet)1. Thoracic2. Abdominopelvic
2. Organs in cavities change shape during various physiological activities.1. Organs known as viscera2. Covered by membrane known as visceral layer.
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Body Cavities cont.
3. Thoracic cavity3. 1 Pericardial cavity (heart)4. 2 pleural cavities (lungs)
4. Membranes: 1. Pericardium (peri-around, cardi-heart)
1. Visceral – covers the heart2. Parietal – the opposing surface3. Surrounded by the mediastinum
2. Pleura1. Visceral covers the lungs2. Parietal- opposing surface