© 2016 cengage learning. biopsychology this section covers: –the organization of the nervous...
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© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
• This section covers:– The organization of the nervous system
– The functions of the peripheral nervous system
The Nervous System
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Nervous System
The Organization of the Nervous System
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Nervous System
The Spinal Cord
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Nervous System
The Spinal Nerves and Reflexes
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Nervous System
The Somatic Nervous System and the Cranial Nerves
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
This section covers: The structures
and functions of neurons
How neurons communicate
Neurons and Neurotransmission
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
• Neurons process and transmit information– Two types of branches extend from the cell
body: axons and dendrites
The Structure and Function of Neurons
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Glial Cells and the Blood-Brain Barrier
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
• The myelin sheath insulates axons and speeds electrical transmission along axons
Glia Form Myelin
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Axons Transmit Information
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Dendrites Receive Information
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
• Electrical signaling: action potential
• Chemical signaling: neurotransmitters
Neural Communication: A Two-Step Process
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Generating an Action Potential
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Electrical Signaling: Propagating an Action Potential
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Chemical Signaling: Releasing Neurotransmitters
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Communicating Through the Synapse
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
• This section covers:– The structures and functions of the brain
– Methods for studying the brain
SECTION:The Brain
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Organization of the Central Nervous System
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Ventricles of the Brain
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Structures of the Brainstem
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Subcortical Structures and Their Functions:Thalamus – Basal Ganglia – Amygdala
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Subcortical Structures and Their Functions:Hypothalamus – Hippocampus
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Cerebral Hemispheres and the Corpus Callosum
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Hemispheric Specialization
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The Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
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Sensory and Motor Functions in the Cerebral Cortex
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
Studying the Brain
Technology Procedure What Questions Can We Answer?
electroencephalogram (EEG)
electrodes (to track electrical activity)
What is a person’s state of arousal?
positron emission tomography (PET)
radioactively taggedglucose or oxygen (to track chemical activity)
What parts of the brain are active during aparticular task?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
magnets (to track the flow of oxygen)
What parts of the brain are active during aparticular task?
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGYThe Structures and Functions of the Brain
Can you identify any of these brain regions?
Brain Imaging
MRI PET
© 2016 Cengage Learning.BIOPSYCHOLOGY
The Endocrine System
• This section covers:– The endocrine glands
– The functions of hormones
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Endocrine System
The Endocrine Glands
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Endocrine System
The Pituitary Gland
© 2016 Cengage Learning.The Endocrine System
Endorphins and Other Important Hormones
Hormone FunctionEndorphins Endogenous morphines that modify our natural
response to pain; act as neuromodulators Melatonin Released by the pineal gland in response to daily
cycles of light and dark Epinephrine Adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body;
associated with fearNorepinephrine Neurotransmitter and adrenal hormone that tends
to arouse the body; associated with angerThyroid hormones Help regulate metabolism rate