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,y- i:lrK*3i .s.y.r ,j-V a;!r.-"i L. -r,--r-a ,s4-;,jtl tl u-J.6k4r+, fL. !-F.J.); 6; "l-l ! l+i (,i)tzr ,,-br. &-l !- r;L a:^ib a; rA:- J-l)" .-,1-p d '.u:f;

FGk .1*l$ gltf ,Pty

6)a , etr; / Irr J&J

6a;" aLlr c--e J;G":; ) r Q)- .? j..5G,l=il+ -U-r:-. \1eeo; ;;- 6;K,e1 "K*'

,l FL. t' f.i,l L rl -,-+ Jl ,",-- (I-4 ,5-:) S.r .+ ! "-"+^+ ,J-:r.-r-r(1r,r 1;(-ry

rir--. EEG r--i1:,1 ,-r.:'s:;K,-(-",-- ,.tJt-,) ra.' F-l;l \'-; .S,t.;l;rlq F;^^j,L. t- - r:;: pl=-1 1; 6-r-l; 16 oLr-*r - r5 '<-Li -e L-" rp- Q,L <f .r.L(s :-t,*--U- JFJ 1-J, p--..,U-*t .l ;.: 1-r+ 31 ;r' lr t --t

I +,le.r- L-; rj;,r. ,*-1.; )t EEG

l;5.1-r: a-ir.L r*r.:r-.:,-'! 6.:l-r,-e; +5;-1 L- s:"r.,:Li! ! J5i1 .-r[Li.:j J,1:-L{

..- i .-,j:;. dl-l- r" l, j; +L; L- .,;1-r(.r. V. L|t1':n j., -,[tl r. ! ,* at-:t EEG

.-L'5r-L,r-

) u:1,:,\ .-tJ9--,-* ) J-s rGyll Y-q 6-jr

J;! ,, 1, ,-'" 6-.^-i[ -i, ft+ .Sr y EEG .gl-ri

"r3., .-,J1 1-9 .5; .,r-o-,.r- .rL;; -.,1r; -;)J* Fil' St-;Ji 1tt", - .r-a)r. JL: *-tL J l 't ',-:.t S -.LJi d.F-l .ti ^zi.rjl-i ;r \ I rb

^ ,,-L<i t .:;ljji. -r.^:*r 6r1-u L; . ,;!+",i ^,-;*

l- J-* y.i*1":; l:-* "rL. ,.:,lF ,- Y-l

"$; r:,+-t dr-l ,rjjLJ- "r:.U .--,1-"; t il-r" '15 +Lr"

ir- "lJ .!t .ij*a ft\- EEG ,,, ;1J3-( 3 ,;lyrl;

,S; 661y!., .-,3r.r. ,:.r15 o, 3; Jj *\L'lr*; rY"

= .* JkS;, .t "l- y,! 7- -t r- i i.!'-1.,,-" -Ljj - \-q

u,La.1r t "!,5lci; i Yn JS,i \ f L- \ Y 6lrl )1) ?l-f Jer -l::*r k 6loa-;1'= J

Jl-i a,S c: LJ, Jl +.+.2 tSsL .g[51.: ..lj1lr plj) aju l.=i , trrll- aS rJ,.irr" J,5,1- tlIlaJ; :r :;-

' \ '

,-,6 j .Ju -b$ ,t /- .9!!.-..rN 3" P -r.r"r')b rr QJrL ,--,-aLl 6lr.,Lt;-,l "1j--ra,.. .rLr L .1231 .,- L,.1 I i:,.lr ! r-_

- LJ-dk ;e3.4" .t:t-,/ o-l

,., ki J, l5.i;Klr o\r A' J-1r. J-& ,' ! k Gl-aa-'r^?, .r;1r;r. ;Wu e Q5r-

'u:--,r ;gL:, r :Lr"

u .:,--.i C:-r -i -L-t-.r. ,-"16;- -!l*;: ,.r"r 3:.i,--u lur- ,:1r ,srr Fl-*r'

1 eicctroencephalograph

4 sleep spindle

2. polysorrDograph

5. k complcx

3 alpha waves

-*jeJe_* s-liJlt)

..llJy":-ul. a;la c; Y-l ;$.i: a < e'-:;l:

, EEG 6La;-.; J-J u Se-t-A,F.) .:,G)ll" s^13 , ,F;.2 aYp:^l ,- uVr' L j1o! u*! !l-c,!L I*, .lA;*i .H ) -t)-^ 6,6e.1 :e;11 .\ 1l o* .-r 4 llllc!!/>+r?uD,4rll.r'j:l.jJ

,rL, --L; pL ]"- q ;- -;-uL^j, GaeLj \ 6Lal-}l9 e(.:-

,r 4r--6i Glr-l s-9,,r 4-? -rArcrjS

^>r.l ef J>t-

el--l \-!*' jl ,-q"+ sosSl,f iLr,;.,.(r-:.: ! !rr\-q J$-i,) n:-.f teE 31u'"-t'

\ \ 6:,";."ei,.13i e! f r Y Flr" .-t A-jU f+ Jlr- ta\ :' t- 6 t';n $Alt Jtt

.r:ar.r. J-S*:!-

- r--r (e;)1+ J \ iJ-r, rr ...- t ;U;.-o'>t"S.r.---':', lL; 6:;*o oi FL .j*^i C.1'"1

JLi l+J)-"i lL-- L__p,=.-r-:-..r .,,_)L 6l-a-t-L- r-:1+l ;-+ +f J5LJ. .:iL-;.: .:[oj;r ,5rL-;11,t-1"

-l -, ll .EEC -l,L-.-r::----r IU -;Ll:; <r.Ll ,:t-i,i-!U:" .LAar @ J ',-r.::*-'L- 'r,J ,+L-Lr- ,.o5r!*.1 U t'u !.r- :lrg-e;r ,\ "nLr^ ;t l-l . - "1 r,:.r. : .3* *Vf

r5.rl- ""-A1-' kJ:'L" -'l .5:L-,:[-- .l:jlic>- dr:-\-" "-r]L*iL 6G.:1.:e3r.:

)sI.. dlp l,]Q)ldllj

!.r-Lol,r- ,L; ! .5;- a- EEG .,c "1,959 d 619-l-\

.4-f tt; " i,1r j!l1 trtt)s- ?l

REM b uT..aits-rr3J|.) t

.zi- r-'. s t;sun:;j-r,. L5i:t !;rt-; olFb:rl d.u.j.r. 6t jG).-rL"5;l ,-J.;

1 slow-wave sleep

521:a l o\> / pe: tai

.:^;1r .'- ',;r: trt- 61-li .r:^-;b r\ 10. a-r.: r, lq .-,!- -,--l l,- L, 45 ir-,r,

"..l.^! 61lrr,-i:-i Lr!lr:[-a ,:9 .tS ;-L;i c, r--, a+bt ;t t-.l,6!J 3J>!- .9G3-t,;.rr-. Jr .r/.!' \t A=-- t- 6GEEG -e ;,>\;' ;? c'6r-,;i, ' ' " Jl-jU LJ..o

.,.* i+ ";.rj."r "|- >t"rsr4i;,;.:,)u" Jr,"-e )!'1,r GrJ;*.!u,,)ls*i -,lr-

.: ,r* )^ r+ )1 !\f j,t.".; J.--"vr ;.-i*:nb-. lr* ! Ji r rf ,:-' f L-.5G.,J;., !.-r.--r,.;.t *(.--F_..:,tljl

;6r- orr5,,r-aL; Jr*- a ;;,,;--i,ljJl r r J-j.15 J.Ju'U ,"-r-.r. .--,)L,l 1r ;- e,-l ;r

6 t rS,.r" .f S : S e.L- rt| l: :l rg* .1*, .r-l t ):*l Jt a. r ir1, aj; r1-rl f-j?\ 7a;..'Sa ; uj.: .r-a !a;.:-^cL I l+i I ''tl ,) r t-,ia .ji'r..,Ii,- lKj6 g-q c,5,-

:t-*.tt d4 ,+,:- 4^* Jr ,5J:jlJ.j JUjl J^;;" I ,y ,-,lr( ".r5;-- -L;15 y,, r::f c;aii.-.rt.:.oL q 4J Jj rr5,-ra L-L 6:1i11: l, ---a c,Sr- 61+.,3.,.raKilf l+i 4(u"t(^

b,S ^4+;;r .,,l,-;rlr! J:- jl .r- Ll .r;b -r1-J l-rri dl-{-^Kj-., )" Jt<-j:l r,rf )-.-i ,J.)}

! Vl:- ! Laor3: ;r,-l Lpi ..r.'1l.l r3--3 f"< g- cilSr- 6b.ys.r Gt, ut; Jel, 1, u5

")i ^s 44i ! REM .,li; .!:r, .J-1 6.g;Kl J* : t t*u t 6ertll ga et rg)-

Cl!-l jl i)lr "JL:l l+Lil . n5,r.l3;.o ,l\J-;.-^ji.*l .--r)lF ,3'. "L*.8;-iti;u -'t r-C-J oull- 6ltl) i:.io4t;.,1r- C)U-i J\F-];.^ri Jl l;5.r, ":l;" IREM .-.'l.F

..r.;.,r r+ ;5r- .r!G l^xf ;l 6tt.. ' !j s,../.rL;.; ! .rr_ ! iUJr t fL:"U ,l-r lylEEC , REM.,IF L- ,^t o-r\ .-,lr; .il-;.,,Jt- ap_l L .c-l ,K- ]ii O,-1 )l REM ,-l_.9 !.:--l Lir)y .,:Jt! ,.!-l;,I FL 45 sr!J.

"!-lr" ,t ;.F neM -,1 .' .-,-r. rr rrb.r. a< l, .t,J S ;>t--. .l;]L !,Jr, .,.ir r)\;

Jr:,?_pr"r el"r.r.r!l! REM -,1J.-.L-l ,j"^- Ji ir,l jlREM ,--,lj:- t-r::-*r ,K.r

F!" rl ;^! REM .>l g y u);3--^i 3 ,og;Ui ,J cr!r- ..:-l "t-a j: oU.1;., rrj1.;

S lt ,t-\sr.-: 1 ,'S* ,-..,1j'; ,J.-.' -,1F REM *-lJt (4<!.1 a-i; .-u:.,.-r Ja'i. f t Y

drt )Sar jl .- I ;+ 'r.a.:, ; .JSu,.l; .: '1 ,lt;r .<-- ! ;.c .r1r-- t 14i 6:; "i!.J-<;,r.r.! €- : -,-t --'; --t-il-'

,sk;,+ sU ,sr<-' c'q-t'---,.Li -l- -, .;lF- ,JW;--r r "ry' REM ./lJ-

c-;!rrL- a,L;" EEG c^.-il:rL- ..:*1 "-J'^, '-r1r

,JLr-j (3) Y-1 ,l-(i;r 6-:')1.: -;; JS)> J ,J)-t'

1. Michel Jouvet

4. Nathaniel Kleitman

2 hindbrain

5. Eugene Aserinsky

6. rapid eye novemenl (REM) sleep

3. paradoxical sleep

A.J-' ly * e".Uiolt)

.r:{ ?1r a, REM ,l ,i .}-ly lJ ';-; r;? ':rK-> ;;L; 1 ,J: ': I --1; t iL-*.r-:;--'a !eJr# (NREtvl) REM

,:;,-e lJ;!:r, J;;--1 t:'\,;t',K' gG';'-ll' 3 l1 '5G1-r- Jt ":q:','

t

j\ * i,,\ .,,r; REN4 '- 4 : '1 'l -!'1-- r r il-J' jl "Jir-- j--L *(- L-l ji -4

i,r J-lr.,..- jr:l ; ,-Jt, J+ -4't" L-r; ru6';-'- -," s s)+ ''1*''"'lFi.'ij! REN4 -r! J 6r: -*o1, 5f il--- j-!' rf-j-Jr ;.,6 C-;* r' -!;1: -tl--

iL.j., RENit --1J- Jri) r.1;l t.r--1-5 rr:.r' '-rL:J l; J-"* 6GJl-; \-\ " '$;

:j-'"

e j! ,!;; -'lj- a' J-* jl-i J)J\'i*' r'-l'+ll- a5'--1 or" "'7 4<-'1 !")1' ja:l. 4<j.-1 jl r- ., *jl -:1;l ..^l;r '+'.r'---!-;l !REM 'Jl1l' JLt)1r t<:G rLr "rL"-a rr !-P

d,rL, Ji il .:- L(- t14t.l-l 'j.r, REN'I -'rf r'fr; "rU;"; J1'* oL"' ;-'t:t'f '?l r.- J;E J"') -L ! + Jt'r'''--;-'

), ?U- J-u Jtr Y-\. JlJdt- '.J -

,f I rle> J>r- e (A) Grrr+ c/1-{l*14; -r-o,.- ;L; 1; REM 9 'f

2: -lp; j:t2 ):e-:' I a'eq Lt ,''a!>r- rS :.5 a>; -l.;;.a ur,.:1-;9*1, ol9 iJ:l - o )r lt14r r 9> I

REN{ - 9 ^:: JG )) 't^)sa 6t),9-,-,. ', 1L ,ij.,?

';i - ' i )'

lL!-:.c.-t .J-:1; rr,-r:1r !,r-l 6l'f.r';j--' REM u13- ';5'1 r'i iF-j-Art

q. L-4.,!-u:,r. 11 ',t REM ,-'\ f JJt )"56':!1 -r::iL-;: (\qOv) J-'r-'l5 $bU J L--)

;1 .5.r-: j ,r15 rlel d.r.,f l-J- ,Jr,i,l-fu:; !'l l:1:.r' ,r;\f 1; u:'l"l'3t 1j\ j' ta':

gL.L,,;, ,r ;-+ REM 6GL-j, .'r:'r.r' e:\F \: e-Gl-3; ,: rjFr' )l+ NREM rrlr-

! 1-. rlil .r-j .a*:=..l,-i l-l i)lr y;r !'r:+i eV'L : ':-r' '5;1-t': J-JL-j NREM

,rnu j -**1 -r:^,; .;;f ! .t-t-j, eo J: ri;b REM '-'1'- i\S tS ..s;- L:'

.):*rr, j)V \, \-sL- j; ,:;[] r-g3 REM 'llF )l 6]^1J- "(;-l g-'1 !""'-v -r (Y " 'frt --+ ,i J: -u"*^ "/

jtf! "\-""- Gt- j) J REM ' ' I ;

'e5;-1 l->B

dl 6lra t eli I Itr Jai

)qL6 dUr 6tQ)llri!)

(.--lRI-M -l', rr 4!i; r; LI4(rt,r,.jj rli(J- jriJi 4 ,.jf, _y

!--1 3! +"o,1 rr.t4 RFM .-i -19,r j I Gj-__i d_-,r _f

.4 u-rt e*t jtiLL ,: t )r> 6+;.t

.rf;i<j {rr 9 6; Lrr tsF 6l$}qlrl,lL-i) uL,

L- .fl_,F;L"r-" 1_, ,J_,!." (.:---1 _; neLil ,1,_ L- JJt _L,J )r tt Jt-jt_ .<l

.r_l .i_G"r"rJli.jl j,z\: r*a).r..r!-Fl ! J.ls e -tV:o sr;J[- o+u :rr.- jc *,.) Jsj- ,t\.* ,tS-* ,:_e .r41r- -L. t-.; 45 ".jjit".^ .Jr.r $f ! r,!_,*^") lF I rK

-:-*.-.,ir -"-r., -t.J : ):*t-L;-.,__l.g!-J

*qY 9 |.sfi:Lt:ilt 6la)l5l-,lrc, r, jri t, .9G;L;L I L-- jl l, -,,L j,-. ?1 ._:*-- y,

I _;,;_,: .,.r!-;* 1:; , ,.(:,_1rr ,"

,!'.:5i, un x? )l 11 r- " j-.1 ,:f jt .j-\J-t Jl- -';1. r- )J) )-Z J j. r t:-,6_/

,;Qs-* jl 1t ;*,;: J," :FS r.t !, .91.rL i=z.y- f-,l:,"r L" -r:*--r "L- 56, _r_. ,5G.1yr

,K*., _.r -tL-r1 6f;^11 JtUt *1 ,:,51-r- ,ii.r )! .r5_; 1l-;-;;,1l^Ll,L- rl ,.5.,-JlJ,- ,!L*j l j,* .j-- -rb,r31: rl !;. .r-li! , SCi ,,5r- 1U, ; !l^-Jr,L- U r, .: .Ju;_; i; ,- , ,_,1- ,5;15 ;l-. F .f F rF j .),,l., ,srt, , -Jr, .'=-t 6G1j, pr r!

.rrl:1r,i;,;,- .:. s* GV,+L<- d-l ,* rlrl S\i.lJ :- rrrr.r- pE;l ,.-;G)U1L- 1UJr.!r- 1l eJ,5rL;L ,f ,gloS-:; c.-' L a! r.,j *r- q;! ,; J*,t, ,s.-:,.91,.i: c; L- | ),,2s" Gl).s_s, pL-;;1 .rr:.r.,ri.Als, .,fuKi,, !rrl) rlut iij,+_,- o.f rrlr gq y-Si -l'-, ';1 s t s-t,;t :- *r! f \! ;* r ,.f r;t.:

"r_q,_Jl .r-lG* i:;,f ,j:- {-.; * 1 Qi .5l+Fi 4t.J," 1+ sty .-x:;u- ,! j; zl; a, ;;_ L :-'| ,f .S;lt,*.=*r,-3, t f f f JL ;.: ..ur:.r" ,t*- ,, ,tf- J;5,-!" - .r*<- , f(*., rr

j<r;=<D.!r, .lj- )\-15J.;[ "J;;)L JUJJ *5 .J,_kr)] r,)Srl-t d;ff";)

l. midbraiD

4 Gluseppe Moruzzi

2. litrebraiu

-5. H W. Magoun

3 reticulilr IorDtaLion

dY5)7r'r2 4ui'olt.t

jlc*-r .<," t5 r" -"*i -...1 ;,-11': ! 193;.;;1 "''rJ':.,\U16ll(*: all-l 'l:*r

J--l).:-l ;rr,- \,rrJt;y;;t, 1:.,b 5.,1Li,5;- ilr;$:lj 1: a5

'91a5-; c^;L

:u-? jl \+J)-; ;,-l .(- I "r"i .:-.: a, nr,\=" F)) L, mcsencephalon J (J'D pons jl Ly.t-'l

f;;:,5 6;jL^,.t:Su" li !;\;,; ':;*(;t'r; t)6": t,6.r rl:':3-lr.r* 5'-'1-

,6iY.ourL-<r r;-5.p:-1; .rL-.r. rlrr'lF,-+ lj l+i .9\+F1 ''-l ".r; "rl) dLt \-\ \

,o2.4- ; .tSu-.,Q--l r.,-1-. )*i-"'.: 'u-J-'! L- ',J*1'\U j..^ )''5-J^ ;l 6 tSu"

"rrJl- t- "jb -.=J15; 1 3-t- 1-:5 oi: -r:5"f L; 6rl, ''-':* t:\t "!:;S:lt ''t

j\;; t' "

,l-r- a5! 6ri 6r!ip L- ):s,t^ j4\ ':i; )j oll;t:'t .i-r- -r-o'.r' r'-"\jl 6l

;,-l [."r,r.:.,,-,..- !L+-r, :"tf d:.1. -oi3 d d]'l jl IEEG r Lrrr",';f il : 1

-<. "+K,r-1r! ,S.r JiStt J:;- ,t* )\-l r ))l;L;)' P 9 ':3-1" ; G5--'1-;':1 'Jl-

)3.t^ ^:;-klJ i-t"" -5" LsGc*! jl !;;',1 ';'"": 3' Sf"

,5r- c** ! 4-y u)f .:.-lJ-a ,.5;1-L- c-l o-i' o' J o?rqi- '5tlS a'

"!';K\1,J9- ,-slr...u:-*r .rs::" 61o,K1-> 6G;---.-- I ,*;':.rt.---lil e ',!i\- '',r',J"r'-'c-l J\,rl Cl:,..-Er .2.l ,,[ t: g5+-f .,rtjtL '("-,:i 3i oli .r- t)d eltr .rfl,u,lst- n;S oV;i ltSu- -1:le l.r d'-ra'it<r- -.,b'trtl '5brl'r'-3'1

I 3t' rr Jr

a^.L' ;C s-; "iL- 4,1+-l-r!'S.f ',ljl f r- fh s- :' '3\";3 ;iL-'\'t C"* 'l'"v,r.+-r, ir.>t(l r-S.r. t:-"j1j--sL ! J'- J-- '.,l--tl- "F:.;'j):r- u'f | 'S'-s' ';l',r.ls,,-- .f i\ -r* (Y" "b 'J*"-, 5-I-1 '6-:r) $'.r'

"--lil l) Jrl-\- r (1" " "

..:- t plri .-1r- qK:^

;.r-.,..,.18:r Q;rJi , | ,-;).5.. .t)|K,r,.. ;'u ;iLKt " 's.,rt-' "t(r3 r'- r-a o-r'\liri+

,6rl-p j,".,;5>[-- | ;- ,-\:.,.- ;: ,sf .i3 ,6-r- "FL- d r5.r' rlji lt' ,l:lt-+ o""

V_jli atr.., :.1 :l 1' J-l. ..;i sGj;[ .(Y " " l ,)iq r u-La) ]a).r' .r'-lil ! urFr^

.s-.- u3' )i,-\f '-.. s- J r:S r- t'l'r'\ ' -r= ':i l-i-il u"'l'sj-a- e )--.r;)lJ 1) .,f l- ,rt\:' 1,1 ':"t' .-- i),i"- or CU

jl a5 3-G;-L*^a;l

e+:- ,:,-eo 6-rirrJ$:l .',-3*) f-3'-+ ;l- i:'"r,1 L-'u- 'u'5"'!f-3q4 -11 ''5f'-" '\315

; ;;L' -,5.r, .lii tt u-s,,:t s e\+vsi "t5"r' rt-1i r, n-i,rt'+'

u- Y;*J.let

1t "?r !t-+ r r:s 6, S.-.)- rt ,j.f J;-\;r::Sr!i d\'d+ E:i;., -r rrt-.r ''l-u'l ;; i:L

'1. pontomesel'lcePhalolr

4. basal forebrain

?. orexin-I

2 acetylsholire

5. locus coeruleus

8 hypocrctin

3. giutamate

6- histanlinc

AT 6tlt- e oly; / 7e: ,p

y'. J.)t+ r - ]t Jl?,ittr r -t \ ,S;a.l..laL2r..^ 6ta",r,o.:JL;;l .r-;a-r.- oLl.l t .:;l, jL .,!L-r ,a j,6\)j e,,!r- -!Lut^- 6qJ!,!":;2i; ;.-l Ll ,c- ol; orl-l ,:11: J<"f J-J, -re- * ,-e.,;'i ^-S ,! dr- ortr aLii ,.:

^ o j a;rrj

:," ,91 ),JI lir-fi ^t 6p a )r-s" JS,; d-it- ol -r at.:-l 6)L 9 ->p

:lt:..,Slt-. J: -^---- G:s;.e Jt t\t- ,91; "jt3l

-Lar.,. .i il l; -(r;--K; -"

y 611-l

,!-..-rJ|".r-: r-: c--o L tv L- \i.-:r""- L-r-,JtJ,,,.,l'-, =.Lt

.F,.:, -: -;;..j_j r..r-L

J,rr--,J)',r, -fu J$)JI ^..'.-J)e u.::j3; oLL. .:* ,, ,,5-L"r'L--.-; ,ulf",-tj;lr l9L-J1 ! tti ,S-,1+ J .JlF 6G,-lj_" 5;1^j* S4:,.=. .r,,,". rr (y" "O (,Jrj,ci;!L,Jrr1 CL c)1;tt),gr* !.*l .r._ t 3.-.l.-l_ilr, ,r-S:: 7!* d-fFni .iu.r. !U aJj,l Ct- ,rjj*j:i.,.r- .( rt-,-, qi J_* :lF r\-j jl iF l, te,,"*-- fl

0f&)lv)+ o-t;.;'ottt

.(y'"Y.Jl)l-f,r J )l)) i,),rr.*oS ! -r-, ult} *- (ir-ll;cr' kiJ-"=" 4g-l u2-

^S 6l,i!:-; t::S u' g-E; 11 \.-f,,,,r"-,1,

,-sQy'- .rf tr ..,"J*)LJ-^ jl CF' si"KtSL- +5.r-r2lr .,,.q-Fi "'-l PG:,6Q J- .1,rt: rlj ,'3")bi".-o c^-;'- 3 jJ3 1r c-r:

.,lj.i ;f ,l=j-l l-6tj*5i J,,1jl .r--' .(+::i ! \-\ \ Js*i) .r-".1-r" rl-*l 3" -r*r-J "rr)br+(? -lar) :--l j\,S;Lr: t 1*' :l'il :-L-a:.r' 't;',151\ o4::3:11 r ':-\ ii"'.)': S r-S cl1-, :1r kJJL 3,-1 u-r'-r a-.,r, .r:.iri +r il t tt J:j-l "rsrljl ljl'd+ ;l ,1 6:1-t-;

.(Y".Y lirL r .rsl^:L .o-.-;;,,) S-f F\o':i: S,tl::o J-' -'o';*-t'

F -J--l ,Flriu "rA.,Jujl 4t -r:5.r. .'lji ! GABA "-q

j*.i*i "-l ) 6f'-' 6ta i-si

sJ) 9\r GABA !-i 6;b;L ;yL .rJ+ ,.r-- t,:--1 6)Jr) .:\r ,s1,'. GABA c*l

!,".; llr lK-.t1-, ^+1 U Jl.r SJL o, GABA i-Ur '(Y " "r r;*-5):[ -t-al-i'-'

FASuiil S-,-,y.!f J r+ rL. J ii-* trli:' 3 Gr r--1r; Jp;r:a-'-o': e-t €,fJ*i *:;.-( '.:-i-- ,p. ^5 ttes:t.6-r- c;r: rUi:r ':*' i5'- "5"-,; j' ;^S j: '+'g

i- '*'a:E- 6\a j;9 i -b.:.r. r-'l:1 ,l:r5 5I; I )J- J3"'* t-- U L-; .''r:t'-'

+5.:-1 ;,1 oi 0"1; .g-;!i[ \- J\' ir.:l ! -t-,.r C-q q5-'=" v-L- l Gl'r-o " "16\-5

Sr- S ! fL. -,, L, .:=(r,r; :-*r. os:t tS u" sF)..+t - ':J1'' ,1 GABA

,. GABA !-i "-u1,:l-.-l 6;1:11 -'t1- f lr.i-r- rr'-l ,j d\+Fl ,J1J--:t Jl-'r -ul;r.r'"

I,t * )\ slo;L:. t'lr: u" St*.<,- 6i1"rr5'- rtj glJ-*j1 -r-.a';;;JJ''" pU

J t-- )t t,-* j<r;<lt o'., )r rS ^:tS\;rr '* 1r(-' ;1r! ':L-r ! +lr ffu.(l ' ' o ,Jlr\S^a r .r-.' .r-1-) +L o- ;;3 F": ;JL-' a' 3 - I

Jr+trt,;a 1.:^--s- 4t-J ffu ..,t' ;ta

t ;';7;i'n-3 o, L* 'i<';'<\,;-S r ':1r

f 1r .t;y:i,- .1 Jt;3rl !;; iu.t c-tt4:4':un *-7; s'teti +;t;;;iuLa"tic

J r:-- "s..Lj-;-:. 6Q-J- jl "):,,), s:*E rL;- gL{-'*! "n t' j-;;'i ''r'!

;'t *SY S*,-rr,rL- ,Jq--q- -,.L--r

t .r (r-\ Y JK-i) ",* e&- J::""a a54i\J,;7 j1,,i dt ,rJJ-6: (rr- '. 1r.- jl rl-il '5.r'Kj' i-tj.j' ,.F B.t" rl-"-1 o-L;'--u':

..:-l .-iyr- rL,-|; tSt 1''5.91"-r'-r;- riu' r\--l att jt J:' ji=lf

urr5:yl+ ! .F,-r- crL- ,]5J1r.; ;J+, +: Uh "rl'rr <f 3-j.,rl: 'e':3K

j "-,-1,; 3;- ,+ ;- st,,,-:j- S6,tj1[ ;'-l -u:.r' rt'\]l ') ;<;3l ,,t-;t,i 6La'L:f

1 basal forebrain 2. adeDosine 3 nretahorropic synaPses

52ll.a 9 ol9> / 19: la)

,\,_.+ Y_\ Y J<^i,

LE-l 4-l) oiFr 6VyiI ) 6r -r,,j C; qq pu-r).ji ,CAB,\ a-' ; ,iL s4"y) | . )iu" J; ,rf

, s"- r"*k t i. F;,J::^-<.2 as c- (,rJ*.

.-rL__,- :i1:,,s. I -l ,JJ--" )l +;=.r 5.--rr* ,t 6, lF) .sru. _;"K rli . ! ,r- ;".'U ;u I,. frl

Ollr6j rl ,i 6U 6 G)f oL} a, :*l JrlqL.(:g,.r1r1 ,:r- ,, ".)t.) ;litr- ., ! j9.J+, .rr^15 ! t j- ;,:jtf jr* riiti.,i .L_)lr JK; i+\r , 3\ a:56" ,-_rr- i)j6 )J-

t->_y, e-! c-l ;r,-l l,1ii 4llJ 4.2 jl o! L::.."-a sF-'a* ,t_ru \ ta;,,, tl{ C--srt

.:-+:r <5;-l b + l-.r. u"a)i ;-lSl ;-3; Jp ;: 3;r-,i -uL G J, r;)J'[-JJ, .t-t,r!:lr6 L;,_.l>K [-_ey tisic "" ;-S1j ,:.r*,1r-..=" .{t_.r,.,:}15,rtF Jj"t rr J JJF.?tf

..- 1or,-o,JrL: ! 5.r-.1 J<,ji,_,tj- 9.1_.f r o)r.j 4t S;-+..r5.r. o-o>t; ,)r :

"$:;Ktr. ".1,, s* &t- ,t g"tu- _;L I_\ J:-r+

113- :;(;3;t2 6ta p ctt t;-+L- f -\ Jrr-,

4r" )bi aS s;la.!atJI;.Is,.r &F t 6p a*tjJ)t

- f :-tlrc- ;l;il 6-, -r+ 1tia .,' ;L')i-tl er.-,rls- -iiej- t REM

e 6S)L- rJsc- ar4{lr t dr -,-i.! e u"ejJLa- NREM ; t u e> rra16r G--l;--l I ozy-

-uj-- ,$; REMf.r rQ. i., g ,- I

"*9.!l:-ra-:.,-

""11;sl ) c5;i-<-1,

t-fu" L;> I 6)-tallo- c]a , REM -1}'

a)!l:.. jr (cilq, -.. ;) .'"r.!Uli.ru.3tl

.--."u9u,a):tLJ+*

,t,*,el.rY

o,tfJ'-l

GABA

,Llt; 'ir;,,t" t* .*Sl

o'-\ PG.4..!r-.s[Jrt"

.-1.,r! .sqly'-

l prostaglaDdins

JJ. 9 ,si,:.r atl)

d,,-5ii)y,* 't"ti,tttt

)Sl, 6lU 6fQ)lS!$

;Lola- r,,t":G- Jie- L GAIIA c5 $t.,- J ,*\, o'-r,\: a5 o'-S erlr- J -li a-Lt Glt-f

f .r-J,,, "c9JI :19: ! ;ltl l-bJ-tt---'6,Jj1 Jl 1'? i

(.r:il,s- ,-sJlnl a?.:-l ,--4il riU aJJ6r1.r-.9 -19- a-L;.51;f

!.r-.o,r. ealll L ,;--:3'1t a,9<? .J.r5-v

.4 rr.rl c " ' Sl iLL 1t 1.1 :9- C4tu|

2. dorsolaleral prefrontal sortex

nnU ,-r19-,;c.r-.Sl

,< Lrl- tj 3 ^---; -r,r p :e'."'!X---' REM .-lrj 6P 'sV ,.5- ^'' "S ;$:"' t;''

;- i*.,,, -St-;-1;1 ! 'i';-=1\-; REM '--'1'- ':-r- )) JJU- lli ];5

"-;;Ot u,Y;; .,-PET !; bt -b -.'rL-,r--'r31 ;''1 ':-l ;5-* 4<!'l L rj'orl;- I PET

. U ",O\+,i

., -r=rli-.r, a:; )lil drf rl+ oJ{ 'S tS 'tP ',-)1' -)! 15lv-'1r .;l-L-;

urj,j-o- t, - s,,,t3n;!=l 1r ! ar'r) J-.t- ,;t;+' 't' L;; PET Fl '";)'e

.:j1 -r,sl-i:- .r)-t\,t t3- ir'-l 'r)J+ oKj [- J-r'?Y 5<il 4-i;; )] Jl JL- 5;--G \-r"r1r

;.' -u5L- -r-c[;- ! ,t1y,7 It J:" J+*- jr;r 'i-r]<-:., 31 1':'J l; 6\v ;L\f';a 37'

,.r,1,,J, \+i r-! rf. ,1,.r- ! .rir- e:' "jql n5 F\' 1 p-<^' qi '-

+S J-t91 ':lt-

gt r- ;,\ Fl1'1r!.r'-!':j ':13- 'rilei 1-; -t'':,'

,s-,;! r ts -S- ,Jl...J, rJ f-'+' c.:'-2 ) 'fr'.ralr-n 45.r- !l- : I

,r; ,s\..' J-;\ rl ,..r.rJ.r- .r-:.i':, \-t L')!'i i/-l ':--- o+lF eS*i o1$;"^ j i itz

,irt, U'.,; , i- 5\i,r.:-l a:*; J5;r; t 4tl r::t- rl+ l-, J+.=-- t,|;

,REM -l:; Jp y tS a-vri 3-Li o,

'-r'--r*:i t-:i [-]"t'1 ni!J'€t" c-=r\- f do'5i

pr,-J[-t if-;-lrrl 1.:-r if .19-^ 'sQ-t- 'J! n') J"-=J g"'-- 'r'1";'!U

;*r jl 3-G.:*;;: J-, *;u "r-sY ]-1 -.rrv 'JL"1'*I..'F

r 'is r '- ) 4 ttJQ

1. primary visual cortex

5.2lta eoly;/pt:,!as

,:-.i )r .(\qqt ,JtK"-a J JL t\qqA ,ilrK-r j, -;_e).:..:1, :- Jl -'nKa=l y 61ir,.i45 +^it ,i-:r1., .-i it-; Jr J.lrlr ;rrL:,1 a+ u!_., .JlF !rLr: 7-,1-!

.,_l 45 -r,_-: n--,r ,; .9-r--

.r FJ. RFM - ,.] , ,- .--:.* ,.- ,: .:!tiJ31 ..r3;yPGO 2lj,l pt a, ' 1,.*1: L,-+r U1.A,_J.-:U,_ ,:--aJ 6&t tREM,JtJt

la- - \

3t-j5-,r. ,,!- r., r-rit _r..--o .:JL" C-el .(y-\ f f;) r;1r !Frt \(,,sr.r-= - (r,_itj L.-,i

.lt"- )s; ,^ Gl sg ,^ .ns-.5 'rb ,o.i-; 6r-J.. rj l.r- 3 ,r-r-!t g-_;! ,:...";r ,--t

PGOdj.l , REM.-lrt jl ,r,\ * --rr* oJ-;r.r5.r. f; ! PcO Nrtr;ti-.Jl ,611 'o e-r-. ,r Lrj> J - -ul)!J- ,S::

'*J 13L^" ^S j\-) - -.'1J; f L \ :l-l lK:"

'1i,,,rL,li-1" ..:-l "-r^i g-l9;F, -'1J: atrKjl,iFu. JL,l-; -:--_,' 3 ---s 6GrLr, L "_",-^

REM .-lF .gb.;3r ,.r.lr;., .:-*1,- oj-r, .:;r. 'rl: 'jF rlJ.- . n9 r.lK:.a (!:$J_'*

.rr[ ,Fl_i] s,\')+ ),h., PCO dr.l

PGO etr.t Y_r t J<.i,L-T JL--i r, PGo ae-la:--o ;. -r.- t (P) r:y.,,-;j e (G) .,+L= ar...-)r:4.,- zli:i (O) .sr.,*1

e-Z A,- L PGO a'" I.--l e2U. RLIM ol9lr

{;;1.;_k ! JJtj-,-; t !r:Fu. PGO e]r.l .-y aS:".\ ,,;!-,[;.,r]^Gq]-REM .--,1r3 1. ,-r5.r- cJ;.:J ! ,r-r-, 317.-,>L)-n S jSr ,Se:.,y o.J_,Q- : ,j-,-.-,){.j-e J3 r;1r REM .-,1r; 6t-a"r3r _, t- lJ ,,-L -}S ,. .=-i .'t-uiL

"tl_: jl 4 .-r.l;1.: {Li

t:su" :lit 6+',(,.-L-t )*AJ J:z),^) )J)Lr. "! REM .rlF L.rr-,r dJt. I - :r cli Ji

J<-r) r-i !1 3 ,.:-l or;y- ,.(.,. ,Kt 6 ,1u, s-t-b ,$.r.,.=,--. ! Jt- 6l{J 6rKIJs ,tt u--&. L I ! ,r-l .r:lr;.r-- a,rl r*;1"; !r;1j3.r. ;- L; o. I bt,j, ,,r( o,.t u.i .1r-r r

REM :lr; -.,r.;., ,l-.";1 6;-l- ;r- Lg r .1, ;l ,-rrU ,sk-! , ;1U;r rt F- ,frL-t

"--a+,q/-*at-

1 pons-geniculate-occipital

.'"-jly-* e-Eiu\g., dA

,;-').:- -f ..t,st4La + 6,et+J Y-\ f J<.i..r,jur rR]jM ,tr; ,t J. ),

!tr-:r at J+ LB .sQ,rry + !L & .s!.ry'-

-!.t-rr6- c; irt .5qr.q \t56. J).5r 3),

-..- .L . "-. RLM -'* -"r-j

-L-- : .r",-'-r-r* !.:<--' dG"J-arJU-ilt

f - -. _r'.,, _-- tl , ,51* ;F-\L

-* .*< .-1 : _. l+*. t .-- .3 J-.< l,,g

.- I .:; , )--! ;,r>,4 "- , l5r- -(_F+5 -q-L ,*:1,1r a--". .)J.J- REM .ilF

_,: RFM *- s Ji-^:. Jt.'J-5_F.-r:S J- J; t ,;*,--^:- . ;.:;Jl-

I REM ,J J- t j Jr- \-1 r;1r --*rl) ;l S-ys\y rl.r- "t1r<t- "),5 db-;

REM .-; F jl Ct.*!:,- ;*JJ ,r,' ,11*;,.,11y r -t5.r- lr 15,-* := .-l::. .yf I

,-,re-.sq1:riit

ar._lr l/F.r,5){-" ir,,r:€ .i)1) jl*i .--,1F ;yLi:. -,-:LL o jJ:n Jll !-: 1J15./ljrrl;l;,k.r-t-l ,Jlj--a r<1 .c I'rJSc-lFl 45l5s..r-L-l t-.istr;r [_i d.:-l,, ;, ..- [.1] .,-5I"-" ; r5;K;n ;: -U:ld ,j\-l :). .,,lSLr ,JlF .J._lo+lJ,i jlJ;$ 4,

.J1,) .* -il -!<f tL-.:^; r<J:j ) L .JlF jl ;="3r* 1K^.. ",<rj! *l jt-r4..il,

.(Y., Y . j;-l .1. 1 ,.-<L;.,,JL<,rjl

.r,.1f rr,..bJtl, J,.t,,r-rr-l ,"15.:-1;L 6Lr,1,r- Jr- rl JtrtJF.;lf-.;kj

r .j.L-; ._J,.--- ,;.* St.r)r"r.J#)L -6,U..-. ,Lr- .>.: | - t! J:>^j

I carbachol 2 ilrsor'r'rnia

--:r

61lta. e 91t' / 19: .fai

,l--; ! r.- J:iliLr- 4<!-l c-Ic a, cr5r35;y .L\ ilst t-;-u-i '=* -&-'sQ-;4" I :,lr- cj: il ,-F {-).l (irti F Ui J-*, p:.' .,1 .5 r41 ir,.-rJl J r r;;S,i" elr,, J-5

,,1y;11 ,.5-rrb tl,Lrz t-:' 4-Jt- 4<!-l !.:y11-zr 3li;.r, ! Q.L r-,..i-.r-r.,.r.; Ql

.11 ,1- o:.*oi -i" ol-j Jl +(!-l Jl 4.*l-r- oS t-;u,,t1t o3,-, o;---oi 3r 3ls. j :j; ,l t:

.--.,>\$;".ry5r- ,.Si-lil cF,a<!-l a-1; ..:-r;.r. *-.,1i; a,ol-(; ,tj-q ,rf l-;- "6!

rl L-

.+- L*j s,_LL*i l,, kjl J,-!r ,+5,,-t-btt) rr ?tr*f 9t; -,lyl'i3* ..!;1r !L;ll s,tsdl;6Lo1,-r -rr .rji+ t .r,lJtu, 6ta:L 1l 6rlu.(Jl r-\ A Ei-i) rjFd, )1+ urd \!,5 a^K:-o J ns ; et :\ r I -1t-.r. .-^6 Q;i 6Lr

o51K;l ,rrlr .Jt* .-jJ )r rr{ilF j<; (.r Y-\ O "$;)

r;b 6-r,,lLr r"-L t;'^t-t'S,t-S,"rir,rLlllr 6Ju,..r1-) ":.j,-J

+f.rJ.,- .rt,., dK;$ t ,F 6 S,-r F.r-r.\U-rt+.t;u" )t+.'5 JS's;et.)f ! G-1.) a, r'ur.re oL;J CY-\ A J.(*i, 6 Sr-$+

Sr..'"6U: ,*, -.'f j. F-, JgSV- t :t; f r -r.-f'ri 3a ji: jt r-J<* ,t+lLi 6G3;1., .r;r(..:-l .--,le

')r,.,. Jr,r,lr+ +f l5.(J rr.i a,.:-1

ij;-. t j.t5;"^ ;3"-' t *rt*i tS-

^S,r-; Sj Jl-;[., WS c,tur*4J.r-K ^

..r.r J-f !;\+ dJl ,,,

,B,r u f "6,'r,t-l,e; 61.,- .:lil

..jj1-.r. rl--_l .rA Ll; cr>\l-i

,-rl9i 1s o"j;; fu39

-r.; "-i;-;

iij_' ,r..\f rr'.,JQ-.L" jl .rK-

;: ..r.45 r'!: r: ;litr ;-- ,,:*.1\ -,lji.:' 6J fd jl r! rlil ,, El .,-.,13,- J\-

Ltrr":t=i Lt6-) J alFcl Y-l A J<j' . REM il-r- rr '! ,* ,,.?lJ-; JrJ

y uiu'aiG j a, >\:- rlril .Jt-;,-1 t .r-;Scr,'; uJj +U q #lr,- 6irlr "+1K1

r "K,sl^ '.,-r., -6, r t J,t,r. )l+.q 3 -r5; r-'- r*"1 l'""J"6 6lt urK'6;;\iL cJJ' dr elP

1. slcep apnea

st -)tly p s-U.;,-)lt ),.

o--i:r'L:-!-" ):,t1s1.-:L 1 1, '= " 1L(: 6!.rt '* f L* rlll r--" J;5r- y-i' J'j:,

;-: ; J-il,.:!, ;* tl V::y.':--l3t rr !.*i; i,:-r t )-.. ill j- i;-L" r:' ,-: a-( 'r;r' ,-!'

,J jr<-..=-) J;-n:.r- JL-l r1 ;]<- ir* JF:,4-i ,J\i-l ',sFu ,.)UI '^++., Jp Jk-,[^rU t-i 5 rJ,,,J,- l...r<j*-*' jG)Ul J'-l (Y''r 'ilrK^" r r-L!Y''Y! *Fl.r s,* ,Jf.--,E-*rt "- *lyi 1:

"-';'";'), .5:'-1 L rl1-.r'-'r-" '-l t- t' -:;'";;

,5 .g1-o.;;-, ;' - tt 3 -:1* r:rnr.r, r- y-r, ;1 [:-- J.r-, "u lEl .r^-r;: 'J1-;'l

-6j;" , i, -,r ,*t-1- r, lr .r U:rr (J,-. ",r( F Ui n5iK,1) Jl.jrf)l; jjJl rj-J

(Y " " \ .*;G3:1 ..l:1. 'Jljf ) rlL.r, )L<*ii lL'.'1- 3',,5f u- sq>u;t .e r:'s:.r' ';-: j1

,Jq-;K" .+F - .k,-*-,1 ,:,'!y +5:r;.r, ;U.:tL .r-r-; jl :lr ; u);'"n3C,--;,' t JC .<-,'.:^1,' .-r::--s'L- si, -r5r. JF l,

"-'"- at Jr:- r!r) J) J ;"

_r- ! !_,_*--,r -[r1r u-J "jljl)1 )--e r*-- iJl-. Jq J1.,1 Ji ,Jr!-: J L*;L- ul:r.;:

1,

"-;- rr* ii-l !l-;!.*i . lF lL(^ Q1 r;5 J!-i 1, ri,otf;, ,1 ;3y t- :-r i$

,; -e ;4 +i.i-i irl^-.r: f .r.r +.='\;;'"-) j qj.i45.r'<:' "ry' o' l5.t"-(\ 11 Y r.--l-e 3,el+r,.:,-it)' :-.r: J9* )1

gL;-e;1.:;1 J l5Jlr :3; ':1j a5:yu" ^.- -y .?l f ;: --;L''aJ':-3 'r )':'- :lil ") J: )\-.' ;i.-t'r 3G,.:1-5.-r:;;; -L: (JlL-r- i;- 1) r--'ij'- ;>ljo +f t.L(l : -'lri.:-; ; ![:;,r- -, r-l n5 r(-t- rl "r1;- I L- -L-9.r' :i:*- tr.SU *5-+! t;;1"' 6\v ';=\f

.(r-\ t lCj ) -r-:.r. I "r ,u"-t" 6tG7";;la3- ;U 6lt .,.l5rL:i

t* j-2

-t Jtra )t';.i 3-t- Y-\ t Jr-

(. t AJ.)

l9,o ;Lj ;1,:i L 9 lU,y.- 1-) G"!.-(-L ar,l

62\-- a-<'u t-9y ulK 1i a' af utu",) t6'r )\', ,'-L;

1 (irnLrnuous Posilivc Airwily Prcssure (CPA-P) nlakes

t\ gll'l"a.soly;/pj.:,p

Ql?i;J'ae'

,- i . " . ";,

L.r, ,t1-r1 ser jtt J*; uK:r')i ''lr- 2rt 6la'-2j: L as\ "\,'> il'''

6l S:r:* 6 ui.rl:.,t1, ,-r!-;.: G")lil- )) r+f( Jl;r -r,1 .-!Arr. rii *l- ':- r1 I 'S-

.s-,fe r/-1 a, e5.r5,->; gli3Lr-J.- -,1- iL- f :L.-,li ,l .,I; 1-*l "J;j 4jtUi !!

::;l$ l-2 +iL:;;la2 "r-l lk rL* r" ,;)s :1\:

")-ot n;Ljrk: qt ; il..- -L)11 JJiL )lzr

'):., J:o s j' ji : r 3lr<ll L .rn;r *)'*-\;'r,t)6, )U:.t :j aS jb ,: uil*;* L-;'J A.-, - ,Kg t ,Kt tu-.SL' l: lt ) Lrfr'K':; -\

6:y) .sy;u. "!,;,3':;'-Ja

r'-J-: ;3;;K\ t- f* J; t" 'r'--L:i

itl"-r \r*.(i-, -'o ) i+t -,", J- 1:'i ;;.= ! .L '

c-l ;r(^" p F-. -,til .o!:r)l+ !- it3)?lr.J\-1r-.,JJr-rr,,1;[-.JlFeb-Yt-S u, {.tz' dri-::? .rL!r 111 ,l.i =-t-

iL- '- )i*':Y J:'r:r 'JlF -! rl-) JK; -r5r,.!.;, c-Jir jl t l+i r:li € 6tu !)t,51:j-, f ;\:F -.-.'1F )l .rj*- jL*^'--Y

.-:.a) J, SJ- =' j- 'Jr "i*r -l;

.rr5 -.-- 6;1..19;r REM 4-j cJ \- cjl-r ,a"y.;t:y- ', Jl,---LJ, ! G'-;L; ;'-1 ;1 5 'r

.c-1 "!-. l,t"j-'; ,d ,(Fr J;) G);-. --;'- t REM 'Jli-IJG Jyjil ap-l ni tri- rlil :;l: !L-;1 n3,t\ .s-* "lrrJGil t --lJ-:I* '-L' taj,-l (r. " . ,J!lK^r 3 JKjt-) l5.r. 'li r4riteJ;l n5 -r::*" ,--*! t-r*r 6QrL

6t4. u's'.- ta-:i n5c-t o--1 +-t ii,- 1-1 ,- I :i19L' i':--'r l{JA -'-l "uG 14i rr-

s-t L ,l-r- 6lr-'. ;yStllS :.iL ,r!-r!- r5!r, 4I- kJF -r-l f ''5 -'u:*--o X-' ,*--l:;

9-La+:Li,;6:l rs\-^'r; o- j^.* ai r![! 6l.a(-..1r[, f- r 'E rS J<r ]\'?13' 6G'-,-::

iu 6SJ- .$J-.r" qrq ,s;\4. s l\r d.\^)\ S 6)-b,Jrl: ,rL*il ' lr- i1* u;j ul j- u2L ;\t-^ l-* -,:, J* ,,:1+i.(Y ' " \ r!tr) :;r:.r" iL;i lr Jl- .-,=*; '#r-rl)tl .(r " " r ,,r!\5.-- j.r5y;-;r.) $l-u; )l+ .r,\-i.t ;l- a' ;1"1 6-r r'> J; rrl) Jr r't+i .^D1 .'ar,-l y "-;l.. .,r:.-:o X-. r.-! ,5ta,ri-. ;r "';3 ---i. gJ<jjt^ .srt"? r i-"a>.;i )r .Jjrr.,, er jl ,ijLJ. \ ;.-St:l 6 ,;t-4::1 *L=;l ,"ry!t-.p" ,t'1; 3-Qsty

1. narcolepsy 2 cataplex] 3. basal gaDgalia

-$ ) eJ e1.r1i u-L:,i sl e 1

,!::*a -! ,r nt.r.Kj-o *i, J;,!;-: $i;,; .,., !rjL* )lr+ j3r Jr$ )r ri ir. u:! 4, l+l

.(Y . " o ,Jlrls-"-a r rrr-r) i)l) .:!Lj J .J<;**lJ Jl-\"r3r

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-LJ.J. -;-! 1;,s-,1+ "r,r.;!r

L- ,-.1-yr c! l! ,r:1-';-1 t 5.-1 r (;1,-)) .!-r+J.-

6119:r .5rr. 9 ;-s ;lp JY,itl

;,-l'o-e;J- .,:-lt ,E-1lrl6L J c-) c-S)2 J'{il:tl LL;\ u'.lFGL Ls^\< ^S CS-) J^G

"f<6.,!1,-.r"1 -r(,ki.i :^);1 J""L;,rlil ,1 .r].; .c-l+-r ,.r^6.r bl,.5s1.2lri J'- J>t=l

o-r;j,".:*" a,<.r::-j b L .r5r- .Jlr. !r+,- J:]lJ>l ,.rolF.l ^S ;:Cj*1, "G',. :

a;ii J-:u.-r- a,9r,'f . U-r" 9,;;- j JL;l,- rlylL-r-o,,1i1 .+.J,jJli sK;" !-jL!

r,-r-j, Jr t- -,F ,s! .rKr- .J:jlJ.r. r( Nnev'..,t-,; J3! 1.) L-.,...o,.:-.oL .rz .r- !.

.l5.r. .(J.:-,6r- ;,-l ,trf .-,r!g . ,;-11!i ,Slr:tl, , :.,1ju u-1 ;:.r5-,1+ l, ),! - I;K-

REM rU.iJ J yjtl

:lll ,Jl- ;,1 L .Jjr---," JLJU r J.r REM ,.-'t; J3L ; )-1' ,r*, c-,Xj.c ,.:lyl Jlyr

Jl-"l,-j)'lfu J E)?,r' f:,--u: REM e;13,- gLA,-.)j.: Jel .r. rneM

-,\:it J1:tl .,, !r:-.

y,-r5r. 1Ur nL* Jlr )., oGrr;;l 5r+.f .--,1J.- Jl ta;t .-urt-r(.r..+-t- l1 !,f

^-t- ilf--: L- .-'L:i.-F ..1 Qi:^1;l .J::S jc- J -,--? r $S j\ -rKJ ,-r-;;, c*; -.-i J(-(Y' " ' ,r!-; f-r ,dtri) gr' :;1j ::,\';4i1-il J ':l: I ! J J;')g

,S-,1-: C )\--- er- ,:l-'t ,rLr-o* )j).j, 6J);- .lil ;-, Lr-- REM J$) Jyii,s! I "rt6-!

3 ,rSu, 1 ;,,[ 1,1r .r:-Up ,.,^.-i u,-rlLr-r JJ*6t ,g-,L: r^;L,gj-

.r::* j6. Sg JtSl,' 3y -"JQo :-'S),' 6 a'l;,gk -3ry o,f -,Q"

6srqlf f ,4;itr!/|Jt .d'iG 6la;"i.2,tl,t t ;-!-- g it , Jt2 i oJ-:S ia L )J'i at J::;.-t t-L3 ,--,l.r.b'';l ,>lr2;6'a;L-7 6lnc:.>3(-:'

ail. i dL6!.-j>J ..r;1.: .-., jLL . - l!-LiJ-U +lrLr d.trs! ".;L-:i .:*;3 .;1r,,

.-r-:*r 3-L: o)L3;y;1 ;+ Jl5r3sr. J r:-or.r. 6:; NREM ?lF f Kj-a

1. nrethylphenidatc (Rilalin)

3 postural Duscles

2. pcriodic linlb movemenl disorder

4 REM bchavior disorder 5. night terrors

?l

,Y 6)l!+.talrt/fp,I,a3

.::* ,:--l-* r-' ,rL<,q-i 5l -r,, L: ,-,1.,1 rl .J", :*r t;-,_s. j 1.'E\,5rc&.,lr-

.,t+ J"'<-1J-.-l--J;- ! ri;tlr: rJ.---. l,; rj qJL -qliy 1*-i, r5r.,.eREM.:l ;1K;r 6rUJ--,tr-.rjLJ L-;.]!l ,- l,i,i : 4_f ,.*.-)l ;r)L*d

-r^r.,. gy;, NREM

Y iL--;-: j.r;-'.,. .gy. aJL 0 b r -L<:,5,,: L- r-; ,, rr1, -L-; G,rl,-l- -* | s),<\ j-'- i -.-sr ; <. RF\4

-'"- plS;. <.,5. ;t -- --! -- *j. F e' ,- ^r -' .- ,> \ '-

il-r<-r r )Fir- S\:-. A t* J,Flr- -!--., l."L. A-! (J.:.-r uL;'1.66j. .:,)L;

.rr;.,. rlr* ,r4J ll- )'.,rr J: .,a -La1-# 5l-;F L- 1!oL,;;6

:-rJa*1,- -11- .-y ;-,1 "- ,:lr; JQ)\jil dll :-!r, ;+ .-,G),11 *_5 Jlthltp://w\av thcslccpsile com/

)qfn dlp (,-l{-o,JlqirlJ

!J+|J- -lp )r (J-ii i,;J9 ,1-.: rL,; .JL;-l + 6Jlil ti L' -^,

r.:,1; c9-9 .9lal-! a- (,r*Jfll:) -l+ iL- e ;-Jrel o- 1

.t-!.n rt .)"-.i ;,1 ,tLL _.,: l_., tf ,sQ;-L.

!'l f J>t':it Ute.

,-L..\ tir l+lrs-:r .")" r/<J-. J=-,-sGy-f- r l-.-1 !.r-l ir:4.)),* )\ J; ))

.<,- OK^il ,,r5.r. 1.:-.,..,,,' ;3U*. .sl,",,f o,; F;,rU-t- c- t;'15u",. ;- .jt;

JqiF t- G)$r J,-i.r,:+ -r^iJicJ. dL-L.;oi;; ,;.1lr*".".r5.r";-k" 6f--, rll, grL":

:y .r-L,;,r13, ;. .r--{- .l1..r,-:r; e\r }>lr" e}.;S .l5,,-Lj. F- r<,- jl l, l+i J '':1, .r-i..:"- 1)

F;l e^, 6:-) LIA )\ f-A +5 -L;.,r, Lrr.

)J, oJ-j*j ,rlr ,oa;=i-;*"( ; nJ,S-r-L, ei Jlf-:al j lJ

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"11^:1 J: ,,r].i(, L rL-;] ;r !;Gy-tl ri a,_;; i;L;r il i,:^ i-,r-+t:; t: FF

1 sleep talking

tl,5))y_t+.*Eroly

.ry tjiiK; ,-t4;rF dl-))r -;5;,-l a5;-l ---=+1 ,:1- "'5:;'-l

.-rl-,--! )\ t-.:,t\Ku,r; i, ! -,11- t r,\",Y ,\ F!""'a' f ' L-pJ;"L;"-;:7-r

J-Kr-r; J.r tf--z et;lSr- t REM "1.r" v REv 1U",51+Lr"f r:YFl-'"

Ju:-r ,;-!l I ,..r;ly Lr.ri ) L- e"y.J1 lJ- ,+-U '-1., dlr., r !r-"'-r ra!- uL';,J-r" -f* 6"," r J'aL-ir

jl .,,-tA.:*; J ,u:+ ir! e1)lL;yPr, "1' ",K=-a\s

61" 6\"6:;2 6G ^:---- ;; -Y

Jij-l n5 ir-iu/ lt gQA d .-t, ;-."o, ;: \ jJ';- J1L '6Ga:-'r ' r';*\ b 3--'r

P,t^:-:: IF:6Q3L .t--L.;.r" J ts's,r ii r;*.)l .sl"-r'^'e '- ' ;)r!;rj..r5.r, rli.,;*1 6)ri.' .a\r-,5ty d! GABA 5r11-' 3.\a;/1 t-lr

.ff -r,--r-7 s-5,1-: ^+i o. j .:-l Jti;b;- ,gG.:1.r,-31 f 3-! r,..r!-rr "rf-! -i.t -U;u" s$|z

':REM trlj; 2r )\: tSet

j tSg :W \ P jit(i\j,Jt"r-"i- ''? t';,-r:>i(u-jr* r -'-ji'i ''i-F .rjlals-r

.?\,- ',. .S,r ii r,1:.1.: ! GABA 6 a,-! t- G.t, .eC,;QJ--L c!t-' .r"-t-;l

.-r--t^;.r. .KJ

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ri, ..j,t:4.i=-, -;i;" --!Li -'u:*"-o +I- 6i 1 u"Ku.K t 61";t,'i ; jl s'-L{:^*"i

.4t-.r" .;^a15 +J3l "t_4.

* :',r5r

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J ?1)> (rJ)ar.- (r-) a.

J- )\ ,4.'jJo- '.?lJ-

L: (5j3;+;L.-i; e--J rJ+dl-j ), E; i\ 6))'i 6' 6^K -\

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.rl;lr ,-,i; ,rt* ;)r! 6l-ro;jr J::-"-a ''''l I 'S u"\3;a "'-'l J; ; u;t: i;; a' )/c-' :lil-A

,-.,1; ^S u,K.:-o a'. JiJl ty S ;l 1r')!"r-l ,9-,rr Lrj'!15 jl Lr'-l-aajL::j )l;l t-l jl .rF

.Jj;1.: J:-,,-a

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!:-r

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,d 6tlt a' 1vl9; I 7e:,.14

.,,'., .tl- ,' -Jr r' "-..-_ ,---a-c ;_u.s.:Ju:,

rer..5rrd"bJrrj-a;l,ll

l+-r.,y ""t g-! .,t-r 3Lr e J .! l-- ir--- L: CL +;L:j,.:*r 3 S d-- -t

'S .t'tt !, a--1 ;6,- r EEc JJ<l-Y

'j-,j, je6.F:,r- Jl_{ji *,.REM .-,lF _f

t ,:1p!i UG:;l, ,r-5.r,) sl-.r." r1.r: S.r" -r- GABA ,-r5.:3-r.*" Jr)t., 45!J-T!-xt.r l\r " ! -: J1 GABA L1--

.,*a' "-l:-.!)Jljijl ,rlr,-,. ;-1. ,^;t js*^<to:l-r,;_lil ,5! ,-_-\ u- *r, .,-_br- _d

rj-t- !, l( ,l ^ at-l Jip,r" )),-- Jf iL j 4t3_l-Air-l- :^.?i tS./orr:, IrFx5""

..r-.f l?iF 6-t1+ s.:lf .bj5,51-r;3r ;- - l;-Jr31 nG S .r*S -,6l:..L- t-;-*. sQ|- ,s jz y -1[,.r" .r:--;-u .+-!ii ,Jrl+ lKj." 5 j,-j -ii jl .,:S-v

'r5.," .:JL- .'-Ja. ry,,f .ft;$ti.,=^z3"J,C.Li Jl+ JL;L. ebr.3,;*:l.i ,ulrt;!,Ui dlrl.'.,tt F1:_-l ;1;.:*-G3_A

'c*1,.5,_l^,ti3 l_ Jr6Jl $u e.'ul "r- L_ t+L:l ,.r"i_r! ,r;t: -.-_^-a ujL rt_\- gl-r ,6; _q

)r.;t uo..;";r., fK:.a j<"ji ,-,tr !.i$-r.r 9t ; LL* rq, ,u1Srj 611

F',.srrJrf,f, 1 ,l,.*t L-^-,-F or+ +L_cr" "jl+l + I -r,_;r-.r. pjr- REM 9tF jl L^dJf 4t cr.Kr-tilis- 6u"K:a REM ,,,!r; ,-3y._ y, yO j1 ,_+ _ J_rq,""r)/ +r_r*. oJrj a>- ljr) Y0 jl !+ c.,,t- t REM ,.,,1j; ;l ca1.,*,Jl- .r-l ! .c,t :;i , il,-.i c^*L. drJ,

A u.6. h ,' ! a<i 0.,_l :er.) ,rjsF Jt^',l a:+;,, i;!rr .,rri; _,! ,..\ ,r:t;t.St.(.l:!|u. .,jtl,-l 4" REM

=ir )t -=" sr-.:;r" 1.:pGO llr-t 6ly

oglll cj..ar6

t!;tc c9z9noM ?f 9- tf ! ro*tf .+ bal.rr.1lc cg?f lalr-!j t.17

,l . ,nfru, "r'; s\J-) llrrr ,r c-l U/Li JlJj- 4<!-l)r +".-r -t' !'ryI-9-grl-''t

-r,

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,-r,,1r ;L- .--,1.r.'- ,i .r=;! .,f ,.5J'-!ir .r'^:i ,'^-"-- .:Ju; '5 'gl'il'll 'rL"+ * "V i 6l'-f

c--rr-r r' ^rl r* sJ\"9:v:lr ere'r'Y',tl:t*';'-1v':!'1+\r-,.4tiU'*r Yt^-^-l '-l;-"( r;i 't'-t: u')v )l t-'vj ':,,>\; '31

't1l-; "; -r"'n''

L t"-i JuF,r F[1! ,5tor-li 6-q5,7 J:''; o"L"-\ 'Y' ''' -':j-rr 'rL'L';' L;

o--'.,.r- J"k ,, ,,'*,;o u '"*- +! 'U:^ "^s;,;f:d:j:ji./rrr.i,"41

,i-^K l, jt j -;y' tg4'c/"^-!'-l Jt"il' ''':lf lfu 1- 'r;b a-i'!j u'r'z :lf

f, crf-rLL- 3 ":rS :J-n cr'irdl'jjL ! l{ ' I

,s-,1"=-t o-i c-*j j J';1: o'f fr- .jf-; "t:

.rur ;!, 5- g+lr.r" Lj i-rl'';1.; 9lj- '1

.gjrrl .5il'rgJ3 9 9tg

n5.,-21., ,rK,l ,g=-! u-:1.-ts JL;I dj:r'ldl 'il 61t ''llt d- J!-lbJ islz)l)' f+lP Jl G;-

\slrneelr;/fr)Jet

+- ), \) ; j:;"ls ,,-- !-; "1, ;t .!iLt .j;t_ _1-

l-* l+i 61J Lul ,: -rl ; 45 -,r-jLj .J;_ U;_, +i,j,;-,1 ,.: rrJS_-+---q ,J=-_l i"L*;.;\l-r-" ;;-]:-.;1 .l-,, L" .,l ;;3_- ,-a-.__--t!;:-u_J,1 +f .rJ..-.,l-c).tl ;.tL. j,,.e.- j. Fl_;,f-.<' e::;_L- 3 orf "_+j,3_j,-r_r Jt+-j!i,L-|>- 6\r.. ;l;l;: G;;*"lji +5 -r:; r-r> JIF ,: .l .S* rj[. "L<i -;,-.1.154+;_rL-

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,r- .r-.1J-.5" ,,J=?=f il;l- :3;t )*,g!1:31 .:"ra" -L;;+;,t^. "(6* Jt,-lr5dt-l,t ,tra:5gL; S\t.--\f .1t..r ,!, ,-(=, ,r,---.lk-) irlr JjJ)a;tj 61^1_, e-F!

lrjjU +::1., J1.;.r. Jl,r,_G .: [1 ;;.,L : ;r_;(1r5 <l*L-r,.; .,-r ".:y 6r,; .gr[$ stt .r-r) L-- t ..lt ,-, - _*- <5 *1 :-.1 J t"i- i- ,!

u,;-l) ..r-:...r ,K,-: -Gyl ,t ;t-its 'y tlj.'l ;r r,.JrL-< o!;r+,r- .G.j;f t j" F ,-_r_

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1. David Maurice

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,tf, l! -r--! o1 dl-) rlJi)t ,5!.r;r 19- 5L tl.;l;l .r-r, !': 1{*,tlr- 3ly; t-i

-i-,-i-..o jl 1r :i -:r-;r 4-i o1+ Jt-i-l ,f-! -

.: j.-l;;l2r .r5.r, l-:, grJ.:.,'t-: L

-!jL ,j-jlr .r-U asi,- jl ;.:? l4lL*;l;r .-;: f 1 ,1,-;!! .:-. .J1- j,-l t -!A).r- .! }1 u,- t-Ft.( \ q qA,ilrlS---a J .L"1)) rtt -Q- -r-1-;.r. a-;r't \'6) L ; 1,*\ t'tt

tq!d Ctlrr Lf,Q,Jl$irr

!-rJ,,- J;-5! 3.u .sL: ,,-[i ,-e-,ibe--.l /.,,,L:g;1 i]'.L- a5plrl.,- .,.tJc a-- + -f

o-tl ! ;.r, ,-gL.r r19G- c:J,G jlp 6-1xj ,-tvL;9:-,r /utL:.r-l i.ii-t-u ;-r,.: .L-.r.- ;1 .r-,1(.

r. rl

I ':-l r-; drL- L ojlL .51r, ; a5.r-,oc,r- ;Li .9.rol9: a-f

.4,r,..,-r ':-.j "1.t iL-l y U "r e 4*-l

-csus:9 -s-il,.-t'.S$otG -.i,5..._lt:f I ;-i:-,:-t gL.: s: J li- ,Jil L*i,r+ .; I .:y Q-;K- rlt !:.-i ,-s "!-t

aca-e';l "!'

ri, ,:.i- ,rL-r.l )) jlr:+; ,r,JJ; ,,rU; 45rrli e;l3< i;" )-l -., rt JL&";LC J+

r.,f rJ t i)f {tLj\ ,)-S L- j -<5 Lrli ;::L- .rjL 6,Li; dq--+K- o, L*; .-r;l-"-,' d"-

frjK".<r Jl :r^rr. Lj-AK ! t*: ;pL; l-6-;1(-".,-r-- t^y',r. J':-^ ,o.r". r,q*qJ

.rArr- l1-jl ; g-u13 r15'Gj.l q-+L1 3., Ll .rr-:.,. jL; l, t"- F, fjfK",iL- f15U

f S.f ,C .,;rl-o- ,J.- t 1,1 .1<-j- jl 3JGl" o-":- L": .5L.: -t:: ,5lg;t<" 1l -<-1

..:>lrJ T-.^1

; Lr-:" e). ":L j'

"!- f s.r(; ;rur, e-' pK:"

-q?)r j -:+

'tr^U ;Urf.;, ,l .grl-r--- .ir5 "-1,-)U ! L. ,*-Ejj ':--tl tl; u" u-\ " -t

-r5",. 1.r- .r- o-r, o:r5.i; t J,f f-5,J1: ,,5,-l;:;,:13.n o.;'ltr

L i 5; t, 5-5,u'.*l .-i-,J-i; o,.i-r;,r! Flr+< 9 a.\i;lvJ:L;-\

1t

;jttt g+E;: / pt- F

S.f -r=+ J1;- Ltfj rr .:*:!- 4ld J: ..,:.*^ .r !- Jrt;rr- !-;" G- -fu t-tjJL .9,:'-or- c L- rlL-!J.;:G 1r, j-"- t- )ljU--,,J+ Jl!

:l-r-fG: 3 g;j.o ;t (Jl- ir,-l t .': .1rj+ lr;L Jiit L.:.r, 6L: e--r-o.j),I.j-c ': jll.i rLiaL;j jl-f6 ;:4 6jJ1o s-i, 6Lr trrf Ji,i- ,J! -r {t_.r- ,*^l5;i:,, c,F ,,rt J)! e>. ;.: f \ jl

..:- " iqj,5Lr ;lL- C.r.l 6Q1L.rjr.".a;q- U, JF,St_i -1-r: ,-r-!Ur*r : .r,_t:+; i;!- -O

$.r JFI-' ,-f r f :;-y 6L.:: .rL:rr-;C t-;* ,t.,,- uf:-. 6ft;,J Q-; l5- ,, gl"r1rl b 1-l f-t; JlJ 1Ff ut]l e: ,p -f

..r.1-r; ,-r*'!br*r /,-t_Q,-r-+ li!; ,, -, .i s.r:; :rl j ;1 t-.3 u!...,:.rS "))+ .; r* ! b S.,- .<J,ll_.- a1 1:)U ; _v

r9r{.51rd-bJrt a.JT

,*;,'.-r,;1r.r. K;;Li +:.1: r-r !,-r-r,,51^ +i:.,.5.- ..1 d_br:,-!;l 61a-,'-9-.;L- Jr|,j-\.rAru. uj-6l5 t- G'_\tl l) Ji JS

15" i+: L_lr- u+s oS 6_+,,- .l *1r;,-1 9*L-.r.,!-

.r1lr.r. o_i ".,t"1 .r,)p ; g-,- "r}j.

:!t :,Jt- J,_! t .iJu- "r,,G rK.l -r.- L- d),1 C_r- rt_l_r! ; crlt 1 -r- L ery. pritl .:,f13:- _f

.Jj-A)s. .-r jl ! .rF lLi 1>J) fV jt;)t ,rL; ,gL:1-: Io;;-_er,

ir*) J)' t_ ol,_jj ! ,_r.l-rr ,.y)b_6r /.r-q.t+ 'ni.!,- .;- - u.J f,5l,lrf .<r _f

S_r Jj.-'tt^' "*)lt,-:J;,*L- r,-'.-,-r,-" ,,.' , a,.; p.:rr, )-'.r5-li;.f; L- pJ bK-;:!_ -r:;L ,;t-,;"_p ;l ! \-r Jjli.,, itlr>_o

s .JKr;,b.+U,;* r. .Jjser- Jy l_ :;) n :_f ,s)t,3L: J'S L; 6U br. -?

,:l-ri,l 6;l!; :1, J jl )b,. , -t- . ,ti L-rriL;3 rf gL., ,trt )! 6! dW ,r!liU--?jl (r,t r.' f dl- Jt"--l j -tS u. S-s:E Q,-rsl: -:.,;l e-j. + ,ar-l L,s)o .:;S u"

.rrr.r. ;-1rsl ! .r,_t_t'! ;rr"

-1r;.S{tJlfiJ!-r,r[ Lr![:l' ,_,,1 ,Jj!! o+ 6L: o15l; 1r- U- _], f

lk .rl;-:ir".i1=.=;.l- .:*LU dJ,- .rrrr- ,l-il,- l, ,.-,!t.lr- , ,r_r, -t )) v. LF .-,i

'-Sr-k..r(-.r! !r3-E--,: +t: l, .:i r!r- ,r-,-a 1 ,19.r..r:i-- d+ rrl_,,.:r_!^=- g65l-rl+L.jl .)rlr )q rr G'f .- | .1r j5 ..-'t-LL t .,,:! .r_F rL:j ,J"f -E; sts t* J4

'- ,r;(-* -1.l ;r-l .:i ,::+ J: )tl^ 6^ ,t) lj; ,:.9.r, n:- -lu-? u.r- a Lr^K

.rt,,t'-61{.;AJ, '.r,i.96 .t)L)y;J 3:U:. ,3brr--^1rl rrlr jLj +f.r,i,r.,;. g;- dt,, J!; Jta4jJs6falj,;,-r:5.r. ,--t..,,a-:i 6:L-; ll:'-i- Su. ,ju-,1_a4"t_)r li G+jl_rj;-,.: 6 e-Gl J< J,at-L- , ,r'-lroo .sl+:,-.,- ,r!6 .,: l:Su, ir J:;r )!rl gt jlS s_:l;- s ,t ,,r,f :*r,6tt )l ;t6,,i t*,i L*;t ;( .?i uro-o:{ ! ,r ;i.\ JS c_t;S_ ,_t ,.- ._-,Utr*d^-1rl ,:;rlrr;, qri Ltrl: c^.: ji .: t-? j ,J! .g..t__ .r1Q,-r lfj L jt s n;si,s.,:*r dJ ':F1o{j; q ,J5Jr' -r;;li.J^] 6t+i r5.r- i. I .L+;L- r1_2.:l j.(-;:rt=* Xrr- "<"fjt(:n l, -.,i 6rt., .:-,;i t4i;,rr;o- :l-. u*. sl*_ l;Su^ 9l;21 ;j, stf :t cr,) t-)

l+ .,-r=:-,, 6j u1lS,-.,i 41- Jl .f+rrr ,."-1,, ,rrO,, .r r,j1'lOhJ"tJL;..'-,JFt_ -J \?) J)), ttrl.:.;r6r; L.r. rj.,ri ,trf C.,! ,!! "r.+ .?i Jtl-,q

1. beavers

{A Ar, f,tJ: / ?r* Ji!

lr\ ,t-.itjlt ll r ..rr,-r1*,('+,,t ! f-6 ,5-i) L"r .Sf ,+*..r5r. ,Fj t, -i,-6,,L:j;l ;2.2tjtt alA-D 5/s, Y! L Or.- -.,t.5 .,;r ,5\a3., a"S ,*a-;;' t aS -r5r" rlri

o-: ,t-t-=$ls.,5.r- JJf*-;6:,f -r r; -. td i'-'t' (-:-l ,!: kG ot-ru:Se.,j-;!rl.,1l ,;L9r ! ,--,i rlL..r, rrL! l, taqJ5 lr-, '.:--t.: jy- ll -tl-tl,l i 'tatS,st, rg.+;! ;,_,- u,_lr-- SWr "jlil ., !liu- U Jl-.r-1 ! ..t--L;;liJ; l-., rl-.rrl .r-lr! r

-rr.r- i..1- L J; -u*:,; ir.r-iL;l -l Lty,s ,s-\*- s\i y: p='t,:-.,rl-iqj jl ;-::- L :c-l ,5-r; .s.i s6-,J+! ! L ,-*o! ,r11y- J1 ;"

pt-;l .rJil.:lyl;l ,J+ 'S 6tS ctr-i..j.1,1 ,-r.,,y' lj;,r tt ftUtl ."St g, ! ,ri ;1,L-1

6k,$-p :-bl (-r+rr a-.,r-= ob-:ji ! .5 r++ .:^--';l -r.,r;i ! .r-1, 6145; :;l: Lrl(-l ,-uar.r,

a, :.;;Jj 61a11:5 ;: '91 t sf n alja ucl:-l6lrc-i;* ;.: L- ..u:*r l-ri' t "L^a L

.iF.J. L-I;, .r(;:; ,q) ;r..':

)S|.6 dlp 6lLo)ld!.t

f lp I Gr!- ,r.J- J:.L L- .r,cr-l,r- -rr-. -l ,r,T.l-. r:L LI "r',ca ;-r'9;19 'r'!G ll-\.J-:t - , , i*i .-l iLL ,: 1, : "> i-L

..-r:1r c--r rl 3 ,3-urY ,5;.-l "!.-r;

+J- )!- 6Lalj; ,t-r.1f r1- :i fi J- ta.r<j-J i.-b

j, g-l .r;u"f aje a+, o:-al-t ) "rrN j<:-:: .-.+1.,i-:tf arcl-,st-s f r,-p;f 'li,-i

Jl.r" "Flt \;s\;-":v;.,.5* t:'!-r- ,.;!r..':l. , oJ, ;l.-L;: (J,/* r, '

jz j. eQFA Js,lz,:l3e pL- c-}l;.J;;:)s\ tlt JIL-;"1- qr( rl.r-- t.:*lr,ly;)y \ .-H;).i{-cr" -Uor!:. '/\o Ct- ).

6t;u"t:J)*:lj- ,-G c*lJ; J'-l .(!:! "!:' J- J-l*;l \;r'n5JJ-:.,L jiJ-'sJr

6!1-, "r.Q-rL<-

+,:lr>,-l af.a 4-S P,r rLr c,--i- t"j 4*:, !L-=-J aL;61t:. '"

.sFi*i;I

1. vasopressin

4. hypovolemic

2. a[tidluretic hornone

5. molar

3 osnotic

6)ly_)tr ,"*lioly

l5.,. JLj i.--j!- 4-Li ,, J'L* rt,- .:,H; j-rjt).f,,

I J3l ar)., ?i.."t5,*,J.5,r. rl' \ o)*.lrL:.i J J* lst s is,,. J|* " s.,- Iu,_|;_"_.i?j.;j 4-ii GLj-; .t:-h)i1 o.--E + cJ.U {Jl-, +_-U jt}t;r;;a-,4 ,5L:i

6l*;L-j,rf "-tl-r ljJ1Lnf,,-L*; -ut"'; J/* :tr-,)j:1$oi jj rli.r.,:,-i45J|-at-'t et a: JSLf J tl* )\ JA r ),ut r,,Jrl- .i ,: ;:! 9i i_"_j *1

'_-!jF4-*jrLi .rj-.r- S:V -'-i-l

L_ rj-.-.i .s_,F .sri f et L1;. J:,.1-j12 C t. r JJL Fj)-L;! ii -(.' ,.: ) ,t;L); LL.-ip --< jr J!-".,1r- r5-u:r- cs_r-r.rK-,Jj.-l

C; ;: ): i-r.r ,-;-: Jj- utt CL, ,r r. .,-L ,sQ,-q ,t)r^ s)r- E -Sl: ,- 'l+i j;r., jl :-:: QJ-L o:-- Jrf,- .13- :-!D 6.:*l ;_l ;i a*;; .-L;r;; erL :r13

,-,'i 'r S nt; 6talry .t:Sr^ )|- ur.-gL:- ! eJL jl , ._i ,;U ,Jj.*l rL:i-5,J 6.,G ig- 1-!1.t'_i r ,.5 -r:5-. :l-. t, ,<j*t uKi:;4 r $,.1 04 .):r.j- l,'3 ,r JG;.rrLjl r.r* ji !,Jr, !- lll'J. C) t, 6; L); ,\r:t V G._l' .(f_f c,ts-i) rjr.

.Jrt\< t, e ;:4 qi;15i1

\,

(i Ul) JJ-- . J.,+ i li!; (-".11)

ii F, L *_-1i; r, J_"r- j' e);Jr .. jJr ! -'_J- j ui (- )

t.Jy'-,'t-:-LJ;1,--rt< u"6-Jt\)JjL-,;I

'91-l lLii ,; 4Yc-lJ.l-! YJ J<iJ9'L- il ur/- NaCl )-,\. lS* ( -;l)d+-r { vi (-) c--l .rt ar) ) iL+4<t i G )r:G- a.,G Jl- -, 6,,V + ;-.1,*L ,r u1lyrr -rjt- ,,-lr-i llc-fGu-+.-; t )r- *- '; -i ;- u.J

if-.f .<,.. 1-+9- 9 Jr..-

J-.,-r+l6G"lr5r1 | .:,L1!l .,t ut- * !rr:.r- ro.-.;- ! d__l rLj - _6- ;_P -ir-; Cu,l-* "!

*tll &\-,r-,_rtL fk j .(y_v c,S-i) .r5.r, .:jL_;, rpl*

6\Jr*l i- Q-e;y Jl 6lj..i='i a,r-af CU (r " " " ,.r:--) -1,;1.: gy;6 j.i;JL.:i r-r:!.r oa+*-;i 6F. f{. !i!t .:* -r.L -r5.r. Jjjs\) if .-..,L-1^ S g,es_tt,3rll31 ,rUL'l,e,f.F).rr-..r,,LL:t,r,Jtlr_jpt..r:t,rOVI_T,rF-<.jr:.,1_3::_3,g;*t

1. osmotic pressure

3- (organum vasculosunl

2 thitd ventricle

lan'rinae tcrntinalis) 4 subfornical orgaD

it.t)s$/p-J."s

| )J-y 6lr"-lf ,t j- .(t " . f (l)-i JJ\! CL 5.-L-" +L- )\ t jr.\r' rLt*. ;L ,, JG)U1j-'l -La)r. Ja+; ! ,,, r-

) J'*1 j! U -:;Lr. ;rG l, ;- d S.f,rJ a,r'- >t"- f, l1 ", ;! l(-,f ;f "!

'" -J": J'=

."r," lujur_j llil , ovLT 6G"lJ

.&; r- a, l, r; .-;L>Ul -(_. ,JE ,\

-. e+:"--t;- *^ nL+ ., ._-.*\u_...-r

rri J F A-J JrrJ J&j-. ;-+tl a:-rt

J;5l,t -E ,r j:+ L'i ui-Lirjlr o-u;

a- !;|,")t-tl ; ":--r G";J.l5.r-J.J' -.q-* .',r.+ .t+ -+|'L..B-" J;-S tt o-r.;;j a-< ,-y)L--"=-r

.E . .i *t .L:,, r/- j. ..La,J J t'_V LI.l-i,

')fALGI , ;- f t- oL" At ,t 2l; zlS ;L\:- 2: \a19ry 3,1

:1e- oi :2 9 ) GF -of eL O,-6 al u,b !l "rrt

$6; 6S12 ;- a, ar- o.l -:.-u-r-:.J. -lLLJj

l, ,Jr--J- -t'-l u* j- a? 4t -q.-{-rd xtK,: ,, rt n;<:;; -.-,- S)*\ JL:; ",< ,..tJ.!l-.J- .t:" r.1,Jr. p Jt ,tl,j! ! 6)G 6,*l;l*iJ .-i nS;L.) t L*: !.rJ -,J_p

'* j4 r lor ,y.-h j \: "-ui :,r+ ,y_,\f r-* t-p jl -\,_ q J=i_i.r- L* 45.r,i

,J"U.rJ.; j,.r.rr,-.1:1 e','. y a,..--'t-,-.-a 4,\ Jl J.J:5.5" JJL ,:-. t_ a"=;.: \A r,_li;l.r-a)u, !"a+-r ! G,rj;3 ,-r- .-,i -,1-;-.3 .I5"r. JF! jr..li Ji .rJSr+lJr .rr: !,-(L^; slg t,

"!-:; 6l- Lt r ! rlyl "-L; ".:l: rt -i ,.5r,_l jl ,_l+ .t! Fq ""_1

.l rooo !i!_ -_!r _q!)J

Fr J*, L;rg,ar<'o dlg.il 9 s.19; 6a:,-jiAltjf G.lU,s.6l

.r--A-! {*r jl ! r! ;,t -,_U )\ ,j1z j "l,G;1:; crrf err t ,J\a-l ,6".;- a.} ,,1 t:S .,. S

L"; J..r,-;l: yLj ;1-tL n, L^; l::-l "rf ,=*- L";ol 61' E+ -rr rJ_1-1 ;L:i d;_l !

1. supraoptic nucleus 2. pnraventricuhr neucleus 3 lateral preoptic area

&)ly* o-Ui'tltt

Qrf- ,-,1, ,-<-\t ^'. J1* r*;L g-\tL t1r. r r)lr j(-L i* u+ -.-r1'- e'Jl!-: ;'.-:1.: .r-rlr- JL-jj ojJlJ ):S,j- 3:J \t .S:- GV-t nl3-Qrr;l" a, L*:: o-i' IF.:i

;16.re- € .r" r .-- t\ll ;.*r77i f-^',:e";1" !.-kir")F ar-l jl F. .r-,'.t\rtr s it;;i-r,+ n(r.,j;..-; ');l1t;;,-r, "5 r-l,t^ )i\)t i)r-Ji G'=It'r't-r'

-l-Ja II j-Jr;li ,- 1; i 3r{,614---;i .S,.tS",. t-r- rl ;*;9-1t -$*:-' ,5! *l

,r5r..r!--e lror-,1:i."^K; "",5& \t rsr a6-, e.*lJ)\J !\- II ',l*;--r il rj-<.l

,*r L(.r

or f+- .;'tt + it"r-r! 4-! \'-A t[*'

1i J;.o).r. u--.-- 3;t s6tl- t !,JJ- rL:i 4t.ji-G,-!.'< t ,lr-*^ II ;*;t-11r-;l-: jL. L*:1rr-r .,,1, .,3 {-- 6;*, j<:-;; L .r'<;- J,-l ,Jtr -t-l ! l5.r' -<J "r<; ',t'l

ubLf )l Lriu ,r<:.t ". Ji:; X" ;r.l .-,!l,fr \.i Li' { r \'".<; '-1"-- jl (Jr' "L-1"

\t I -,- ;9. ,,:V-.*!lr- ,sk,:-,y tL)rf )* ..It :-.;: y.ji ;3 :*\ '-t jr-D Oii ,'o

,. \tll i.;; t 7i \;i ; j t;:- s u^.r,J-! L-J:=^ . 1-r 3-$;-51 F;-,v .r-1 J:J.r' -<-F\t

f - ,b.,5 g-les;r,.r-. .(Y. " \ ,l,,y.y 3 6.29 ,6U1;) ilu' ''lji :1- '-u-orJf iiil Lrlr"r

.r:5.r, ,lji !r,-ri a.. 3 -r:-or.r. 3-! II i";'-r-fi t ! f r;1":r5 +!t-l

"!;;. "S "1\

y- J, -.,.r" cfJl) os'- i ':-l "-r-; G,*1 J<:-';Er +531r-

;L:! orl.:,fir : ,J{ ;LqL o:r5J+r.r-.:l il-.i,"r- *1 "-u;Er J-,- f"'- J',.o6jl Li-t

3,1 ^" Jl .s:r" gttI,t;:- r5i1 .,i Jir-- .r-l .r"lt! srl c;'t"r lE =i 'Ui.s-*l-(; r<l .")ri )t f ! .jr-L- -J; u' -r5.r. crLy ki ;r1ry o,-1;l .(*l -r lt- '-i ;tr-.1 (g-- .-i ,r-l ..r-rr.r, ,-rLr )yi 61-4"r" 1 6rt-; 9[*;l JiJ'- J'-l 'J*iLi u.' i-t ;: u;-\ +

"ilS

1. angiotonsiD II4 aDgioiensin I

2 renin

5. hypovoleDic lhirst

Il *r -

.- I,=-y-- -

s, .,-rd) ---t - + ; [qll .,-'.i. ,''-3"-: 2 ;e- s\5.' t r,*yr>i + ar> )) )e2r' r,lT u9 "l'. up

f l-\,L c;qt- e d)/ "1.,

, , II t2 I 6,.-y1i !lu-611 2 I uj\L,'-; rl-u. -r,a:.. J{-1"o:1.: u;-.l- --jl.tr,- a)+;r-

3. angiotensieDgen

,;"5 nE l 4-F

,:.1.-iu, :32s. iS,, j- ;1L..:!3' ;U1-1- ;r ;- "S:-\ -1'*\ 1L'- u'oj-'"'"' 'et4)lV J ,r- f :',)j1 r'- li 3.r" -'1;-;' G;':'L!--r ;"- 3\' f'' -a-"a;* 6t'rJ +-j:1 '-tl-'r-

.Jrr t,.rl-r.\;.rGj -if :J-*rj +iL 'r; -'L':;;': rr -! -;'1 a?-;" r-Li -; a;'*'l

' J:5.J- J-t-i "r* 1'\;rJ- .jL!l:; 'r:t "i::"i-r'i '5g--("

ar: q o+ .,-! j-Br 4t.r,K-a r;1' -C- F--,--^ 1Jl'jl-r-;l t -'-!- -- -";- -1*5,,;ry tUr'|.la,5.r;.r, e-rf 4t J51" t)9 trt '-'31-1LJi

;:s" :t^ s:'5 J'* r-r' !!*"-a

;r,.-r at<.:i s43;-:6 ! ll ;,.:--r-i1:;:jr-jrJi r-,trsK; t' &; dJe:'E

1 L-; -<-; ! Qi ^t JrJr ..s..rr 7-x !:-l .;-L= g**-- il .'+ o'51', r g:lil g; l;+'

-r*srr. ll'-i ;5lj -!r '-;-"-" -rL-r

. -r5.r. o-1; \rr \^a> "*'6ji ;U "!:-; i 3 '*t 5C t: '-rLi'l-\ Jr-I-

,-tr f outt )l ,ru u!:; t' u.+- a>'' ' ^-a' f-\ Jer2

"t; J* ;* ...it.;:- 4tr,:' J-!l

's:*

i; L----? "1r",----

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2 progeslerone

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3. iindrogens

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L sensitive period 2. haloperidol

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..lrjl,r. r! r,cr9'crJ; e:A s,';)s,,-"-lil l,:t^-q Jr),J<,),*l,l-- jl 6 r'!-LiFU

L.J r\":-i1 ,-)p;-;,tJi59- elt Gj.-:-Q tlr6# 1 otf.-3,,,,r.t ,Uj'f.L. J ")r S;:o r--:; j'US rr 5;-';.'.:r! gj;': 3-\.*'' .iJr*j P1 iq!- ) t:--t- n;!,t- .Lrt 45 r-i IJL ;;--- .<,. ri .-!A.)LJ, ,.uK ! ,-r:2--r- {r+, 311.: ;-_l .rlr .r:l-oL5 k-i ,* *- , r)r d )l r:J ! i "";-+

o!15.,1j b3r-9-;.r^rs. dt-q jij )l++N u-:-1 lVJ; j \r)îJ 6-:2 Gh_jl.,,r-Jl=t

ouj'n;9 .t;s -Q- l, \ u(-t ;;- b Jjl.r" J-1.- l+l-r*; t ,rj;J:+ _i,-r"J'")L- !i-^

1. sildenafll (Viagra)

4. medroryprogesterone

7. menstrual rycle

2. nrelanocortin

5. gonadotropin

3, cyprolerone

6 triptorelrn

Jr rrJy .jhrUi,, / p4a ,l.t

l\It3

t1

I'\i4

I,l

l{'

J_sJ t Js.t-ro tQ-z 1r: C- ?-t JS.:;'

.''L:l JYtj .; >il:,re t: o; )A o9)-.)9r- 9 o)t)'-l as ;"ri 42y

i4r,:, ,rf.r.G ";e.: 2, !e -r.u',l YL -l2; ,"*> .L- e

]lu";it

)) 6JJJ! J SJ"JJa Ji dloJJr ,* .S-\i

l'-,-:.(t-. ,p(;r:*r .13, Y,l L-;-: ,r3:

Sr* bytso "r-li r.r'.",.r(-r.'G irjr,tt-t-

J--jr - 4-5.r5r-,r1' ', \1FSH r J e!-;--r

J-$!.p -r,-t-;.r- JJcrl"u;-- ;., J.i(!y.J,'a;--rtFi I:> c -LA r ." ),9.tt-K+ij

L .1r1 )r .Jisr "t!; l1 J3,-- slr;-l +L-;l

l],if 61"!_li .'1-u JrSJr; 'u!*r' t7t't .<- t ! c.t-lr! ,r^,.r J'<-:i FSH Jli; ,ri ;pL ,41-r- ;rLJ Lry; ;.r FSH

,1J; Jr<!t ra-1i 1.r.-r,L-.r. .r-tit JFf y.lj1 r:--1j-"1 r5.r- !i ! Jy-:lr-l 61" u.!

J FSH i,-; .,'ji J-" r,r' -:; L J9-.:'r*' 3-r-:

trj f- tO jjt2g ,.t-; ,'): J'61 i ) j

6!L llr-r ; ,) rJ-.t.r,l$ il -:ia jl Y(LH)

r{t t' ! LH r FSH .(J-J,KJ r-t r5-jrlji lr -<^..i JrfJ:-" LuF l--eL b Jjr-j.,,

.lJ,4.1 :1j,c--7 --,;5' *5t -te!9i ;i-;,-- "l

^S:5u" t)i \t Js-,-)st is.;s^ Gy-,1

s-5|q -,t LH ;;: Ll-r^: rlri rl ar;-)JJ. r.,L.r' 'rLi r3rL 4.;.; 6-Jc) 3\tlt 1-tJ.; F\ r5,s^.,Ji o-:r,)st:,Je-r! I,FSH,LH CL- ,"Stc:-'-r,rL1L,;: l5,r.

;j1L .(;; -51 .'*.rjUi "rtrr 8rz ,t\ s (F.u) "J-i .,!i ,-1 "rl:+ ('l-;L "r.i rrrL

ji F_ -qtu- r:-.lpl j<Ll- JtL t e1v ,'. arr-jrt s J y.:11-t *- ,-! ,-4t, - I(5HT3)taiiis;-,r.;3;'' .\t! oLy .-r:r-j:1, : Jy-"\;-l c;)L 3t-.51-r't-l-

a.r-l .! Lj cr!-lyl .:.1' ., Jl aLl' dl,i.(Y. " \ ,,rlrK-"-a j -12D.:-l 1+ Jl-.--t-..r5.r. a--X; l, dls J ,+ i:+ ;,i JQ-LL- r-v

"15-: .l1r-.r. !re- .Jl- rtrr 'll

.,(.L- ;t ; -.- r l+lr*;"j a J-r-* 'tr)\ dr ,t,[; ! -tJi-r" JF uQ,.j

1. follicle"stinulatjDg hormone 2 luteiDizing hormone

s:a),)y,)! srL,tJlt)

jf)e. Lyyll-,

iF} r5*,''-

alJl;,i .2 *J?1^ je LtWIn f -V J.<,,jn

lrSll Lrd r ri .--r. ^J rS )li 9 J-<-:; 2 lyr r-l L; LSa 42-:1,, al)*tr JtAy, .i+e,a, u-i,Lj I:SII

:.,) r,.., ,y":2; ,* e Ls:; ,.* i;jTi,:;fr"*:yi*1, ::,;;i),,,;ir,;-ir j -j,:1j;-\ r;j\> ^5.'J;,fS,41y J;S.es ,t-tJr*,t- :-5." sF*.=-!; ,5.r.,6i 1 .<^;- J)jc J_ ,e ;: ^5

tSu. e jl- LH r FSH illrt jl .:-,J:5.r- i.:;- ,(-;; ,, ! f_,;-l or--r,r .,f f:;-) :+l) gr,t.,J!t-. rrp)r j_-J)rplr+ -. rf,f .r-1 ,i-,1-i!.-r5615,.;) 1--,rj !er- "l;i :,12-;., +5-r.^.,.r-.r1.-1 .(^;- a, I,.)r..;t :r-: tl .f :u ,,:'-1+J --r=;L o:;1.: e?i ,Jl- ,t-l ! 6"f 6;* j<r,l- j Jr-+JJr- ,ilt,.-, r=,J:-- L_ jr_'rjL. .i*r" J.'::- -s-a ; t--1 ;_ -t ; <5 3_h_ r.".1

.,, Jls (rSLt- cf:-rG,-- :1.r,-! ,,;-l .r*;q ;;i.3!- !;;r;:.-rj.l-,J r.=;- j: ! ttr.r- Jt,.SuSi;r7 ) jL ; Q,-i-;-".. 1.,.--.,1r.-;.-

s e;.t-t.t\ 73lt-..rL-1 ,-r-o:.r, ,3j-r 6-1133*;; ^S ,t \9.-^ ) 6rlKs;; I $:; iy: ua,j.) ,J::'F - :^ {ls- J;S SWS 5;ljj ,J,:;"; 3-) ;-l ..:*l JjJ;-\ e!- rr_,fl

1 periovulaLory period

--l

I f I J:- 4i sto.,Ui, / ptkz J.""

tSu.;vilt u---z -,11.i,,!. Je!;, sf-, ij-'. jl ;-1i J, i<-(*;- ', .-!:;; i;3: J.i"t

34.; ,J+.(uK,;,t -)- !r-4 ,-5;') (\qtA.-!-ri,r.e ;;rri:\I\V ,ii rif ,y\ri)

ilr. jl ;+ l, Ji J;5tjL"r ,5;l.r(.(-;.; ", .(,.ri i;jr JrL )'\ ;]*- y'+ rt,,5t '.5f-,

. -L;:...r ',-71-t ;pL o,-l ut .1r rrr

)l J-i-- .<- )) .-L;rl: rjl ; ,-4 Jt\Lt s6,-- o1 o[1 a2--; -q ,s-'..- cQ,*.;:t,;r^ Gr !1r.<:r": -r5,1K-: l.r*:.r. -o $; o-;-,5jt,.561"-a2 6Q--C aJ r'- 'lF JU,

p-:- t, y.J)lj<.<-"; a,.i-ri "ry.:;.: +f ,,r-, r;i 'rJ-6 r 'iJ :, L-.r. J J^'": r-[-;.(\ " " \,J=",.s--tJi'sJ\-r r,J;+ 4 F-. gt, S

ol{9 r-l:f

65\rG )l crirur tt6jdr-r

,rs-it,Jt-r- a, Jt:tl t aKLt.'l'tL-l .:^l '!tey.\ J-a;t ;a iKL:i a' aS d,lcu)4i

;,-t ;t 'U-,

,,.1t- ;,t L .r,:-::,,,-o *L;l;.:,19- --l'1r.: .r,1,,[- 9 ";9 .r5-:',r. ;Lr; 'r'r'"-;L; rf '.r';,1o o.,Lil

)+(J."^\l;: J rl-!t-l

Ji-t (J.JL"r-l a!-lJ ,r-rr-,.r.o;.r- csgl ".l.' Li9"l9b slri+ pt3-:-6 pcti;1 .);:i Jll'Lr JJ>

,-tti-)st t Jy.rl>-\ *-.*LrG;l .l=i c-,c r-)6. )JnrJ9* 6tJ'G jlu::i JL<'L:; J klr)Js

,l'r a5;1.; Jl-- ;11 L +1:*r ealyl 1.511:3 I o-tc ;e.19\ lg4 tetcl- atJt' rr '+L,s- .,ti5a:-Jl .r.:.r1r l-q:9..,9o;,1 .,s ;L5.- .:,1;L4.;l-(jLl;;,1 ;9.r,;L; .rrL J}]iG- J'I.CG rl A JL(jr-l

J+ rr kjl , , , 'L a:,ij\r Lt j, ;!- i.r[Li .::--l ,;- $+,r- ,,LrG jl u+ Ju:jl-:^j )t-r at;l,j

,J!K--n J i"+) rjrlr r-(r ;l-;;.;l .slrl"i! .r--,-a!r i,;rr-;9.r' 'J9;1r:-l 7!- -!'trG +:'9

(Y."f

nl--z .;l F" 5rl- J-? + .9r-)tj, ul ar-;j' J9;')9r )a e .-;e- ..-[ .9:L-; r':iJi cr)tc

,&t6- Jrrsl) o,;-L 9 -tbl cal{;-t atlr GABA .tl1-U- aS t-.a !.ii | ,.tiJ2t3a1i

Jt;-) tN u*L C- J-rcLr;1 .r-+ ".,l5:L:;

a. !b- ;L;; a5':-l oi elf- .1;-l:l .r;7 r r ror,'- r-.--

rjrlrr+t J.Et! jl r+ o19t leL ; Le-;- , jeJ tvtr l\ 6'-'L )\ ;3a-L 1!- ;1 ,,J, 'r:rl:

1- premenstrual syndrome 2, allopregnanolone

6)ly-* --luaoltt16.

)Sld dlP 6+Qjl+i'1t

!rrls .:---'.l sr- ,r*r+.i,L.sL,: 9r-,-r- d.r-:-".:.r- 9Li.5.ulrr a- -V

rr .,tj,- ai>\'':-l .r';,;YLr; .9r4tr, t J 9,;-l C+- ,,; .rLrcG 412;l ,r'L) '+.,::\t.:_1 .u_ .r,;;,L

!.:r1l r9>9 ,rtlt;rl r-,r-Lr'b;1 .r:1 ,U:L; 9 ,r-;-1 sl1,rrrb.r.1-1

.4 u-.rt '' t ; arliLt )) U'r g-1,

lsJcr^rrql

"rLi.5;-,L;u-:; Glr 1)))\- O,*;jt -1,-; ' Q;Ljl 6L:-1 o, iL-:-l- olrlIl' ]i..rK-!,: rr

!L6r.:L1l:irll 3-1.o+::F rJi 6l, ar-.f!J-i t5,r€i \

"*-i ",^J-,1 r ';"t<'i-"-r

;1 .: ,;lr, 1: b;.1. 59-L.ly3,ri r" .;-i dr3;4ii a, 14i ell-'r(y -e,ll,r(r- 6U"+1 ;;:t-;11

.(\qqC ,f;r-i -r ;--r1;1 :;1.: -,- ^l F [rj1 ,U-, ut- o-J):-r ,-r,;1: {Li Ga2"

G:= j<:-S:tr L- 6;.,L.;1*i; ;t :t ;L S 6tp".,*1 JE is';-t^ ir-v aJs\

,\ " .0 .i J ,r"q .r-+ ,.lr, ,r+,-r-+ ,:JLK) rrb ,r;3 s,S'L --J- J '.r' l^i-l .r<Jl'(r "'Y'J!K-""a r lrljl-i

.r-iruiri+-i!J3- oj.19 6$,sj 6Ft,U,t"t^ it-l ,l'-5C;rr: "-eX'e ":L 'JlJ:Ll 6;:G 11-!; J.;- .;!L. ;: ,Jt-,lr-l o, !:y- .:3L- ,:tJ-V i\rl , rl P 'JL- 6\J

o Lt!:L a-j; js.;:o u|.t"r*;p-l rrrr. J!-lil ,ij-"a ,s'--z :6; J;*" 6 ,i;LL )t 4

3! .,,- U+,,-+, i.iL:.;r JI'i,-r.:1.:.r:,-!l ! Qr"r-r^ -r;:.r.,;-1,r1 ot--lr rl -r" 1-,'f o+l

,p;1 rrt3.r, ;L- ,r-,-.-, 6tr g; s. 6t,l ;\i 1 6lt S ;iJ;-,.r'1-r'! ,-.j*) l;.;=^ .1

:,*K= ,U', ,,L; 6rloi.:*"-r1 ,!t- ',, .r.l-r! r--*)L- *"+ /.;-Ur.;: :;L.- a' yj) (f-q

.(c-1 Jt- Sz JS'^ft- J,-l .p-rr5"rtil e;-- z ,tEi';

.rL ,+*+ "; ,, ., J- 6, aii ery'J t-3.=r !-; n5 ':-l l;-t :-l: F-' f+" o:^:s^

jljLr 61.Aip ,t-s,f dt ir-jrrlr 6rL-j116 aS J )\.iJc urgr" -u5r" y; r-l 'r1

1. oxitocin 2. vasopressin

J5 r*Jr.slo.,Lir / p41 l."i

Q),-.1t,gtA 1Ei..13 P r:, f -\ J<a,,.(, ;l*'t cL- ; ^f ') ) Ji.;it G-i,z ^t;- u,:jr -rars- oL-j l2 uaL ,52;J 2\:s; :-q ^ !,"9"

5'" F- 2 *- -r! e"9-t[914 9 G,l-:-u-..? tul':" rj,,

.*tt\J *- 6 ,, tr" .t j" r;<e/ -<-< rl :11-Ae1'.,-t:f 3t; a' 3 ": *l;l.i; \t'"rL L

jl .(r-\ " K-i ) Sg .+= j,s.,r.i r Lr- )- r ":,f s;j'-.rt" !,.:;1: s-; ;:L;,J.-ii q

-5rt- a, 5 gl":[" ;L5;: ;:-*r -rl, I <f 3-1+ ,iF.j-i1j<,_*n -(- rr J_r Ct tt"

-rA)s, -i-i ""f s,3-"- ii t 4t! J1"r1- a,...ri-G:jl 16-i,--q "iL;51- "); s,"<:;-

,Jq--* jl -<- eo 5,r;.-,Gr1-:;. Jl ,ilJ rr .r-L-ir- l, .f1)!-1)K .Jjs.r. Jr-.r ;i ,l ..

,t.:l.l.r-,1;J1 61y -,..1;.rf*i:-"_ a5.:,lji '-- l-l -\j*i qi -r- C.-.-- a(L , :'rr- 'rL

t 3r s4;r )li;),:Jr 5l-t-- Q-:r- "r-l

j-11 -' ;.1,- ;:;11-i1: J-;- .5\-.--; .:J1-;

.rLjj:;* -i1 .:-,2 gl-r ! 6riJt C:rj rW[ ,ijjli.r. e-.,! ,-r!"-r;: l)\4i il 'J t4r.'-* ti .<r-l (Y " " r .,11)K--" : !) s.f"r ..(J G.2. ,l .5rl-rq<j ,.: ;1 a, ;r- ,' -ur rr.

! .rtt"j-l 1L!; o:1.:;- -,1 .:G L-r- .n++ at-l f*j,.r- 1- ,4i U, Jjr- ")j.-<j "rl.

;..r91; ,-'11't; :"-1::ls t-i.t-,.r.* jJ-") *1 5-u1v.-r; dLl o:r5grl(*: '.L-y.(rj t" rrb l+L'l

t F,JJ+ uflr" ,' Jr,*1 o:-13 k -r. r-,^ t ) jl ;1r -4 ;:1-,3;j.61:l- :f .t Z-S

14i a, 1'-,r ,,-ry b1 ,,;3- .- ,9"1-r.-- ! *l ":9 "tV f;6cl"rl-Jl .,yu, o:-.13 ':i

;rL.:j1,, Lrrr, $li; Ga3, r-rjz t S,f oi Si f -;:. C-rr. JJ "',5 "riCr s-y; ,t -t-. (tS o.:o !L; ,u-r: e l"u- ! t-, Q-i.r"K, ,-" {t J-<i!,Lji.J;L- ,Jj

,1.:1.: r.- ,- ! r 4.r. l, Q,l ,S-. C-- fI )r) 'i\;r I ba4, ,:rLr- r\ "rji;ir)1" ,j1r

i!*- n-: ,1r+-- a.1 a:-13 1[!, j,-1 r:Ss. !-i J.Ars- pE:l g;,G 1,1- +l t1 6J";15y

,-FjcJy_p ,r-lt olst \dY

" J.4- )" )i J> J Jrr )+:r:";t^JJ) ...! o-r* 4-'rrr + J+'_!+-Li*i < I ,-i J U;- t-l t-: t . i! -!a rJ,)-"-j +Lt- I '---l ,,(:-_1 Jj.r- ;:L- 6

J:sr- J J 3is$. 3', ';3^ ,,t

[o.3- L ory r ;r: ;L- ,,- ;*"."r5r. c-,.,l-c lai 6-, o, ,.'l- 5c*1 ir,-1

rir, ,lji 1, ,t_!-.- g:l:- Qjr. a:.t

-t ys; ,. .51, ,:V ' )';l jt "j +.--c {

(rli.i-. sr 5"r- $,.r Cl!,*!i.,.G* *.(- "s -5,";

.rl e -"lr l, <,.:r ,Li, +5,,5..--",r 5 J. ,- L, l-,r- -..t ". r p .*' r ,., -J t/-)

-,r rJ

g;.>L" ',.:;; 1.: .e;_r(.:L;-. gLrrti;o- +5 6;.,L- ,Slr .S.f rL--l J)\:;1

;*' 4:-i -\-) ,- -.

l) J5.t"E ; if

_.rl gQ,:-r-* rc--4 6l<J:- Ji;l J,-l

Ll rrr,r. )F LL-|I.:--- l, .-.Jr 6lo.:l(- 45Jl"rf ,)L.i drr-t \ e : G4.i_1 ,:,,-": iot;..'F f-ji l+i d,, \i

^<r.1 F ,tSu.:1\ 1-oa2., ,r;l-r, jr.)ra ;:'Gi ^S Gl")L

6J--' j ,-ta";j-" "-. ":-.1j s5- - Jrl., r! E;tS- ;r + .g;rL )L;l d!, rlrl-[l- r lr-'4- r" )r .-::S r, r'ri- .+i ! t, yw g'f: l! t+f:-r^ .;--;'A-r" ;'l-.t: "- o:--, j;

JS,r" A- | 6;rL.2ti1 ,""r2; ,-L s;,-5..r*5 ! _l_, lg,-rrr a5;-1 L ,6 '-r.* 4- ! ,.:L '.i-1 6f, j j")Jo ;tlr'. !l-.,1: .:-.rl ,-rl-jl 6;rL 1l:!-1 ,Jlt k,J-rJ. t-i

.".6-? .-,5 6=-ls cr.r5 "rLi Slt js^ tso .,\-; *-.t)ra ar,-l ri'. )) \-l ,Jr-.Js L9rJr, -rAJ

r::'rLjtl l) j\J.)f ra ia^ rl"rij ,.Lt- j<'IA 53Uj r dlrl .-4 Grr- ^+i jl €+lr.t ,' J"+- ! o1-,5.2,1,$, ;

" fi :;,:;J;:Tfi :j t*T-:;

1. Von'reronasal ,u:--a l-u l4;i.7 ]e t zl: )S a\y. sla !l-f1ri at.ila.r -j u;,.5._2 phcroorooc

s ue L,:- I 66.r1;;t a ,r-lib o |rj'l; t-t: f

,6-" )Sr;.r-;l;: 6la.r-:e- ), -;L 6We) G l)

,tl':t )2 ,r-,-t7, or-)t^,s.\) )l)j' \iI ,- J)S &)sSrio ,e,i .sLr.-y ,.!,! r!-r af (-) )a)a"lrt-i; .'L:-+l .t-!. e+ : -r:4.- -r-. i-u !e -r.-J.-

:2 : 6;^f .1t r- ;r-2, 9 Vl P )a,c-

\ af J, ni sb)ui) / p2q>. Jei'

)qlj cth r,r-Q)lqi.,

r.r**o.9rrL rL:, J i-- J:-lts- Jl --! qJr a-L-1;1 .r- .r-al'91':"r" ,r1.lr' a- \ '.4 ,-r,tt ,:.*; .2,1

jL-1 .r.: lt 'f g-l

'e J.J,' Jla!,iJFI9lsiu.ii:iI -6

S\ S-,* 5.1 s -x),5t r!1, Q,i,gL,L-r ,--6o-1 .r-t,l !. r jl ,r 3L';5;r' 1-'L ;y.J:S.r. .<Jl+i,, ;-,, -*J ".5 -rj[r- -r1!t i-l !.r5r. 1r rL<i,-l rl 1r2 .*l 6;-,-j lil .9l'r

., -1 ";-.;-.g 3l ,51r, +l-r*o r; C-f jl ,+-r, l+i ^5ij.r. t4\'r e1:11r, 1J' "1a'11

J q]3 ),r5.r- .:*., ujl)l,-; ir:-! jl !.l.;L a:.l'lr ,i- )--' -F-. ;1) ;-'l--l + 31 J\L J: ,r;lr "*. -i ! 1- 6\'ib,S $rr,')"!j f ; t-a lSr,.rFr-#": (\q^Y'",i;i

ul,-L-r jl .-J-;l -:lrJl rj13;: f=--1.6--- ;Ki.3:t" JL:r ', ,rl-- k;j J,f JL:- clts)-

,r-tz J... ) 15..-l,i,rL- J-l-i- etlU.B,-r"")l;- 1Jl,-r!trl ,r.:r5 9L--71 sls,s#,lz1r.t-Q-,rJu .tSu, a:- f-.:,J|.{-,.<l yi<J'; ,i{J,'.ts' ; }'1.,=* 5-51 ;jJ

! JL-j51, i "e"

,!; 3 ,r-[L "1, Jt^-l ,f ;, +51--r .:-iJ Jt"-cl jl b l.",-]"J--j; l-l-t'-

.il"rlr !r!_lil

,-trrtl

)i .Jj)lr c,JL:!- ,JJ:S.,. JLJ It u-C SQt 6 u---. eQ,,r" t:^ c-L ', ,lj 3'r. 61-r;\!-l -\

X l:),-3f 6y o; ,5- $1.r': .u--;. J[.i ;- ;"Y lirs-S 6:; u<V 6;ta; ':.t*.;-l JLi i:: P ;'Ln

1, .r--1., 'lr*: .rl'-; .t'r;e/ Jt"-'l u-[-'- "yt )3L y "3 .o,*;g

"r^.,.:LlL .:,!L -r

.l5., ,.a,., J)lt-t: t:;:')-^) ar o.,)JNlt.t!a-

"1s;e. LrL lj: cal-{-lil a2 ,l-l{' , '.j.--- 64J")Ja ?Li rr -l

");J*.;r,jLil Jt-r!;-l ,-brLr. ,=.j *-t' 6fJl c-* a, !..r;1 rrPJ*,rri 4rul

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1 third intcrstitial Ducleus of the anterior hypolhalamus

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-y1+-i J: ,rr-.r^ jlr ,, il_! 5-HIAA .Jtrlr Jt-,jj *.:.

Jr "J,l- ,rjj rJrl,)ipr .,,-\L 5-HIAA jl 45J.+l ,-!1"- r) .+!-',. *r r-alL "K-L- d

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.r-o+ .r- dL J>+LL "K_t+ I ,t-r=-r .s1t

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,Ajly-,4 o-t j'ott.t

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:W, jG ! ,JJ.-i JL- Y JX;1., ,9r:;-1 Jt":-l ". J":y ;l:;,>1 J",;3,- ,,P-S'-V

'r1)';;1AS e*l ,sp LSbg-r-r '(\qq.r ,i!K^ar u-vf ) .lr[il ,-rrr r ,S- Llf:t;r,

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gL.- J1.' 0 .--P \, *..r*5r.i- 61a.;)b tetrr.lFq "r"!,-r1;-

+5 rr5 p-J- l:.e

J. ,lrr-.- .;*" 6;Ai lGJ il Ltlr) ,t-1 ,1 '(-9 ^zf ,JG J,-1 t .(O-q

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.,1 \t uitst,-t)- ;s ,-;;L ! J:-=l .La ,+J j: ; ,S o:ui

trA Slf- ll--: t ol;_i-+.-y.r3;.r. i!-,rL-;

Jr-^ ,=- .r j_L , r;'li,gj, t 45 JL; Jujl r) ) ?-- ) f Cl- r' -.:* F.€- )' ; 5,y o:*,'

,1.,o.r*' Jt ;r J .'* - i, , -l,E .rr_:"

Jj;LJ ,r L ,- .r,-t-1,-; L;t" ,p J.-t ^;.i

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't1l :lsl s;a, j::;lr g-1j; ;;;,5o1-9- olrr. rl ,5rl-t--

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rlurL-i ;r- ,.FrJ- L- 6f,:.GJ. gF.F,J!1, .:1r.i1 t(,r.-y.r, di.,l, F ! ,,b\r

r .,t j Jr'iiFi jl JLi ,- 6 :..tr\ .j c-1 -r-."rr 0 " J*)iJ"l; .51-) (6lg{ r E j* :Lc-r-)

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-r'S'r *) u3.r r *, -5.r

1. lryptophan 2. phnylalanine 3 aspartan]e

lqq jl++ ('tarui) / f..rJ. J-a!

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r r-- )l rFi j- t- ) ;:.p. f.ri a.i-1 Jl-j tJ Ly .911.: .:1.i .r;1:;31";,-15.r. l,--r--

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4J cr--q-e:ii is:y Sl;L :: ,r't'1s1- -JS,5n JjS\:.rt-y:r- "-r;.arJ|i'il e6-'LlyJ]-,r FS! aS .ij j,'.,t )S , Lj.S_r,ro. ,-, -,7 L' j,o. t ))i ):): )' tn.'t

": i rr

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n5.,r,., !L;,' ,-, -h;' *.'; \ tj :. .5t6.t !r.J;' .ro, j-. ? ): -r-; ,; ; -'. .-*.1='

(Y " . Y ,J!Kâ s Gtr t\. .r .3o i ,..,.$ ) rar l'Ji F151r ai\S-ilttrt-, '\"*

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e_J .e-/-2 L

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.,y-<-i ')tj n5.r,,l+i : ,J.J*cr. .,-K,- L" ; -S-t-t, .it,B,r j<. r']l ,r"L-l '1,i1

rjl-, ,.r .:j !\ 11V (oL J ,lit- ,,rJJL" l,:X115) J-r-'.r. -; l-^J)l" dl, Jl-j-ilji Jjl.r-1.:3-:rl:

rts- a.l; oi "l-Li -r.,- I "t =, ,:ti:L-,rl.i '.(--l a-,"){; (Y"Y ,J-;;.J -, K;L- lr" " t

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1. fryptophan hydror1lase 2. monoan]ine oxldase

6)ly-* ,,-!u"a'tlt.t Y

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3 .,r-;r;.r. ,.1: 1l=- ,ti:y s\^"-tj,.r:!.*-! CLr"!r*,:p;-y:r i-u:.,lji

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t;rl6l";l.r,l 1;.,c 1., u:it* ulF-4 ul;- ;l;,r- c9$ _f

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.4 rr.rt e*i Sl ilL t.: U rr ,54;.1

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.r5r" "JUt-l r"te r)t- ! 1, L)U--l 9 J,.1!J*.,!.,1 ,Jl- ir,-l ! .qt- Stlt

aolc! , ,r'b'hbl ,O,i

,r:L,5bl-r- jl rlrl),; ri> :,rf.- ,pl.r' ,+L !p-tl.t;e-,; ot-tit L- 6rto g\-; rl t t-1

gr-, i.r,- -t-: tc,-l , ;,r\ a"4- "4 cts;b a' ^!,/:;*.; .t4 ol't e + *1 .-;,r

1. startle reflex

jl-.1'6 .5h.rlii,1 / n*r,, .J..i

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a"sr 3-r.-irl ,L5o.:rr; a-(- 91';! sLt.s" ",t,

t.oU Al bf .__rrt ,lt JIJ- jl.(\ ccp ,r:KF r (J-*jL +) $rur 6rl

l, . ,.;iJ.:,!r:-- : s:L= ,;L_l L, u,j,r- rt- ! ,J, cGlr-;l ,_; L*: .(-_l to)JF a<r_ :--t-jq ,+.!q s:-". _t g;:- ,p )l 3 g;:a ;r.J:nr J::ir- l, t*: u-:li lJ Jl_.i,r,rLj,r,--l.jj.J!Lllt-.'UJ", oS-. t;t.r-. _rr-jJ),-l ., X-. rll .rJJ _rij *Jj6i t*jr

.J.5r.rr ,_rL:.1 J:* -t- ) _tey J+ b,rr 4 :t-;! (_ljj*a !jrr_

kjr,-+.,,.8,r ,l.L),,l giA-l t" ,--;jl ,gle-')r 'ltr t L d)rF 4i_ 9t,j! .r-_lil LJLL:;; r,-!- s.r.

,_r t_i)l l, 4 6l -t- 9 u-) 6-1, l.rrt '!1* ;Ul o, L ..'-o_ji;., rLLiulrl

a,!l r'-r dlr- jl ,1+,- -,. 1_, ry,-r_l "r\! r.r5rr, -ri,_ L-! S:-\t_,;y .lil- rSr^. tart

! nf _,r 5r-" \ " -S "rJ *t "rl.: ,;_!r1 ! o"rr 6- 3- ! rr,; r_r <f _r5.,- ._--1..:1.:&-i ,l 4 -uor.r. oLi "_.,Ir-.a -.,lj*i-- ,jl31-l

C_Li .-: *:.r-;t"li:*t ,-r; .r-_1"-" $

-rl..r.r o,-!l \.s-.r,1-s;-)\o 5r* r,-1 ,-r5.rrl-L; S:-L 1, _5-,* _Ltoj,J.L-.:,[r-

!:$ ^5 Jr*. ,r-K,'y .rr-r.r. .+-lit lrr 1! rlF .-q ,,rJ ,stJ- ) J+ *;: '5r-..,t-lrLr. uj.al5 ! d)r;- a5.,_ 9L-;! ,,5:r*.r" ;-_l .:^.X-".:-i "-r*:.r.:,Ls _,;-L:r,Jqsr-.rj-...a J:..# clrF 6_ t,t')q .+_til 6! i- JJ L- lt-L5aS

jl"rJS !rJ*L J!K.;.ji,Ct-;*,a-,I:L;r .t- Qlt- (r.--=: l-, d-\ " : -r o-o ,-5^i) .:-l +-bL r-{- 4;L- l,,J-=<u- .,lrdJ)" u+ lFi L- -lQ -9 "t, et --' C;Ga:;) )\ ,Sf y s,,,t,l+ - .rr5 ,5l^.:.","

..:-l *!- r!- '*; eQ-;,r.,f rL."t s! .3r.)lJ_ .r,_l J.l,,1_rJ- )Llt u-r_$l r:jl- ,rV;-'; nl atF-! ,r"r"\t- o+ c* a, ,."1-:L

11 ;ll .:l:Lryy

:.--Fcsts;-! l5.,rb ;1 r., ;o. j. ,*'*.* c! j! .r_ +Fi 4"i.,U :5.r. JF!;G)\!l +f ,-::L.r- rir-.t ;!.i- Jr -i!;" $L- b JF., dejJi.Jjlr. JFlr:U_.(Y " " f ,J-_,,_r : _J!) -r:.rr.r. JUjl ,riLr. J;:S tr,-:,)r +(,, ,:-'.\,.j1 6,[ ;., ,gl.:*o o, !J--l ($<);G=!--..") 0-\. ,$-: -Lrr ot_Vl1) J))r *i_ Vlrr! ll_;.r. Jt,:l y_l L "..1.:L

L coohlear nucleus 2. pons

6.ilyti+ opl;olytY.Y

-r-r:.r- uL:] ! ;!L;l: ,rr,, -. rLJ ! .r*J dr;;r.- +i_

=-L-j! ej! "r_., .'."-i -:\e-\:L aS u; j+ ^.:jrrr- rr Gr! t<i_i- ,n*, ,(,_;r ..r-::.r_.r:;l I yt-_,! .r_ r+ dlr_ j ,p ,*y._>1,..r.-r-: r-_ Lri J.1 ulr-- ! dL!"k^*q )-; ir- _: Lif ,,\;._ilr JLrr t jF 6r.rr!ri.r' Clr tt-;l .11 ;e f\: ri: r oLi d JtL", a. L- r- $).F 4-<, e,ujq !L JliJ-:,J.,J="4, t- b a-"1r1 ,* o, ,.,r 3 *l f )\*.- .s Q-_]. !J,U. ,.) .Jrl)_j_ oL; 3-L ;;lur-r d---L, .(\ qq \ (u-J,_r J jK+=^) rt$ o!_Fl l, ti 1; ):-ljrl) aLi JrrJ; 4 :t_r!Ji-i" !.:*l ..r*: .=_,-i'>u d.rr, gQ;-! arl*( ; .J._j ,Jl1;-,li ; 6,J.,1_ ,+.[L

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Lr il_, L_ r.(y".1 ,.JSJ !rJp_!"y_r ,orJ, ,;=lS) Lt.r,:4 J_ ) ;^S

)r.r-!ruj r=; I k _r*:" .r. t--l LrGrLir (,-ri U lir ,*r .;_S! "lr,-a ,""1:! .r4, *i,! t+1 !.j ijt J; +tL -t.,J-J ;*_ ! ,. ,.r::;1, o-. rL a-_ l-., d3_Ur*_. ,J..*__(-'rirlr.r^l oL;l u:-slJ a=L ,-bu.6_t r" L"j-l fl_)/.,: l+1-=. r1L;i-r,--p- .r1 ._6r-

1. toxoplsnra goDdii 2. Kluver-Bucy syndromc

.t4+ c\tal / p4,J.'t

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l-,.jeUi;L- ,--'llilti .glajit.-itr-jl r- rlil Lr..\<.$rj j", (y ti\:-3:n,uJj -<19

lrt;l J: j-;1, rl1-: ". .l- l-:p"rb rorE Lt!f-r '. o.r*: .5,- :y :;-e* ; : L +.-r .-r:o.:r'.rLi';

.,r-.r" dtr 6-','61!o-i !,:.!l5jl -r+.p.-j.r

dul LtD! (9jt Jl,e

9,k-& r rlil 5.r.LC.;; clu.;t-;rl ,5ly "5-'f;15MRI

6G;(*lrl 6:'r":' '--'l,-r-;

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;;Lr2 6.rlti. o, l( L-rr.r, f ! ,;t^,rE o, o-'1.! -'lr.l!

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.-trtc-.-A aJ o-! aSdl"r- ji +1 c_-,rfo 6 ,J tF" ! .rr* .j!Lt gKjLi fr+; cL .it^ _\

'*'.r C-! -)' )-' J,3)6=1Lt- r"J")bj:"-o ) J-- J j\+ ,y;-t.Su" J1-, lr.+1=* .r-", f_-_,r_ te ,t r_\ _\

'-zr1 .t:n o!-yl 11 li,' ._r- 4tj7r. aS :;l- u" J t-" l_, .S:,1jgy "$ F _ ;JJr+:rlr _.,1.

r r_(: talJ_" 61L 6! o_r, 6L. ,.t):! .+_tir !: c_l .q,. G.:jJ_ u!.jit.)r.r. J=t -

i-.1 -, .rscJ. .<.5QFL,, k-_,y_.r ! .r_,! t; J:5.r. J t-j ! r:-"rl_."=- r-r;_t_y! ";!-" ,Jlri ! r,- l.oc-J U" U- -r,- l-;.r. .(,"r.., L o-J*)bI=^ ,S tSn,\;i I urJ._;--

'j- 7- 6$-',gl-ra-;Lti 3 ,J:"ji.?lf (r d rjliLr, r"r:_l ra-Jr-r._r-5r81 6rt .*. -u:.,..rs 6, I . , J 1-a .i Ljj 4*i 4t

:--l .=^"5r-^,JUlt- t rjll;.r. rrl-r !L-rl LJ,)/ u.r*l \ 6 Jsr:,,f.-5.jt &_f.rrL- p l-, &f -r, iJ,.ljt r jLr,

(PTSD) ,. , .i11 .r- r-rrl J)t;trl-., " u_LJ, ir,_-Li 3",1_r.3., 11 _t! !r-"_A d Lt .,tit ;,,_Atl j;,n-t-, J:;n,:S 3L-l Ja*;t ;'<-_f .=-t5l+ {td)!j ,l}- )t} )l .J"J-tr.

. ,:, ^ PTSD r_-. . .!tir J..l*

rgr15lrd"{AJl+A;.,,11

u,-l ,5 rr5.r. ,5.-p \ Str._.,,a, LAo4+- r;Sa" ,\i t) t,F_r..-.r__lf:-__ 6U,L_\._i,- L;l.r. 4_,-- c,:i-l* ,r.,J.,lji a!-i ! .r_r.!bj?-, ,iskj:l_ ,r

J .,^-:-+ c;r-L uiAS (l(- i I u-S ,,J--S u^{5,-; rtrr5 "L.l ,Slt I,t e:-,t b;Jr;- _f

YYb jt44\ 6t4U\ / g. J.;

#g S.-ru 6.t ".t o, J'-" 6ta:;51jJ,t_ a-"lrl j!J,t c,t- 6\ 6 ut;r, ;: o;1._: 6l;u. *-l,J-L r^ t_ .t> tLr. j: ., --t !L; -l: t::Srs: .:;KlL,lJ .<.J!*

':* *"=- ,r.-:;- ,:.,17; Jt Srlj-; !;y-.Jrrr, .ri!_l.il ,-,

-r-_1 t_--=- c!t-;J56"

'-:+.,r.1 .15,1, !;L -1 c;J- .- :ll'j 6rar.,. c.r:!-ltl \ J:E_t-f Js r|i r-r-t-tL-; ,:;13.=,=-i:l,1 _.,, r'u;L a:;1.: 6.'L.1 ;L- y c;j- c!1,-, *151--a ,54:-t-y ,?:

.t s-rs, j s-4:..r-i ur- s._y; L- .r* rlj,

;t;;ra-\ J-ti.:-f *-PTSD { >U^, rlrll .-ur.r. ot-Vl \ JJE)jS C!- r.rr-t')r*-O

6yJjjr n5.,-$i r-.,-.er -.2.r .-ti.,lc J: * rl ;*-€.*-tf-9'=a PTSD ,rr:t:frtr:t;r ,.r;1r jj* _11r52r5\-l5j--^ r'!i,l-; y:- PTSD ., rtl u:- i F-. ,Srtr" ,ri)lr dL*"-6

-1rl-.gft.JlAlry r,tl; q ,ri,5l-or.L ,L-5 -rJi tr 9;{t* rllJa uS Jl

,Jjitt l.S;fctr

Pe, iulrrs E

,r.,ar,r:,..- 2.r'Otcf.bl srf 02i25

:+ .r,.lL-,- I ,JlJ- "1.

Jls)+.G )l:q ,"j; Jtl- J3 6l{ . +tt6lrlst, t r: c,.u;!r ;19: ;l;rl

alj'el> Lile*,;l ii;*o-)Li

) 9j" 6lJ Grll.Jl ):- C-\,5; alt:,jl*-

ll

1

1

:

l

l

4" 441s. >JJ'la J,r : aJ e+! Jlr'- r..r r..r .uLr ,p3*i ol3i 6J5,rq 15jl3;ts jt dslt srr_\4rJSt dSLJi+ii 15L+l!a J rr.oJsr rJJ,r rsJl.;;JI 4+ .F JJI- 4 J.r 61$rli

!ri.t:;.r,e 6rlS.o.a jr,.Lil rl!i; ,rti rl 6l-2.r

eF d*J c-l .tjljr,r- elJsJa ds J-is,r-o }t^i^ lJ zt-6tr tal !., uL4ri,itulJJ-y.JJ*ii cFi. (J..ii 4.J-.o jl ;Jrir ^

tJ.r--G 1516,".[,*- 9,r c.r.'.lGi 6 oi.a,r,r.a 15fJ.f35lr_f ol:+rij 6;rKot-r pr<-.,r_r

J 6Jts,t! (r+jj.le.f auy otr-gi: ,.rl as,rrl,r uls.l .&Js.. ,,.iiats L oJJs ut-i.Jr.iiU 4lJlA

.'l"-' S 6" tl..r, JL- 4 rJ,r ".;: ! dt r- r ""f ., rt- : r>- g j*\S;:t, ,)L" 4 .rS.rr- /E e1 ,"rKz ;,="5 .tJu".;[_r! -u_r,1 e j n51,..;i, ".,rS.<.lSqr.- .;r,L_li

pl_i

!r^_, pt -r! ! rSJ"i a't^.i 4t!

r,_ tA r-15 .3_ l-;l ;--K,"f2:,- .1

J,_1 u<,, .c-t Jt ;- rr itr rr Jt d_ Jr-

;f2 t- 11 rll , b'eru ,ss,, nJ<z clbl;rl g+, g:-or nful,J " !i5d "r.-) -r,-rJs.=-,-t-

,JFL ff- j ).:"\S nf.z:.:-1 y.t 1:r Jt -f- .1_.t -,t( L*l ;r-S er ;, Zr7t ,g._rpo, u.l. 6--! 6lr, !.t:5.r. ,f,-.u r yr/ )^V l^- t s=o.S t*y ,Ss;6 , .-,-li ! ! .ri .rf j

.7-r,Gi ;.1=..6 u-S - r1:r; 11 i-t JiJ- ir,-l

;r y-l a, gly 1: ,-r,-r3ir- ., L. ".\ GQ.e.i-5" f=.., 3-,,r g,_rl, €- t; r,_,r!-**11_r.t .,ir*r q's.ty ,rs; ,r*.,tc>t-tl 6rKJI "" iK- i. .t

;r,-t F_ r+..r -,1r,_ Jlrj_..j3-z ,t:-a: u- r-- l) )f a\51-:Q_t;t 4S:.-i tl J- :c*1 ;,_l p3r JIF !-L5.r, .'t-.-l

JiJ:- J,-l !.,jJi.r. tf J,fNrr, +L:l' +l !.2 61$; .tl-E;J .rF -<_ ,J-)r- L. !/-@ f*-:-1r +5 j!!-l J3 ,"r1. rl+ f ,sQJ_/- r. ,.'lr-; 1 6r$tL- ls-,r L y.:",,rJ p=- rl.r* !

.-ta).,-.: C-;i !, ",r-: ,;;r.i 6l."rL; t ro, r;t tss; r5" J1J-

'.611 u--. ",,."-

-i'L;- g"tL- 5.,5 f-Alr- pr <J3.1,_l ,:. -S b ,,, ! t_,,_l-- ,.,_r u

7:r- 6|t_E t.fr) c*; .;.l::Su,,l-1.- e ! ifz aLlV 16f,1_;:,yi,1-j..:;l:r2 5413- $r.r" r=:; ! k-e U_, -r "<

,sal;J- 4;\-$7-j,,..ra aS 6\" r,;

Irrtsrfotr J

aSl, 6113 4lgn L^^i .Lu-lorl: .:-r 1l 1l3rL iJ"il- e.rl.r ;[<.i:,- )r l-, )f ,_r-Lli LS &jl.: e* g+ s): t-_teQ rb_ 1 c-l uKl.; .,.rJOYl;,...e dL .,+. r J,_rlr lLjt,j.jl dj:-!

tS-L t'-rq.r,-1,-Lii ilr- j\JL,rli il,r'!l 6="a 6rK;l .-i,_r3i;,1. ! ,r$1 crl.;],-l'yj 6! fru- ;-d .r..t Jr,jl .rrgt.J; rL-b OL€JU.rt JJJI Cly ('r.r!l i.*"o, :+--J 6,6 j; K r!.1..1

.r-loJ;,r. 'r ,t,lf + jy-rt ,-,13r..(.11 r- ,+_4 +lr.r" +53_l+ b .$,f ,ys,l-t r:"t- 1 ! ,ri;;;y Jr :.-J:^J a" uaK :.-1.^*;crr..:, ,,|;l i.212.,..ti ,33; d 6 j;15 r!.13 y.l r,

c-lrU!-i,-r;rl,r"ilrrr6r+[ &t Gq ! di J,-t L".i !,-. I1+o_.1 ,;: ._r,__r-ri .5..,

"+, .i- -r .,r!pl!i r! jsl 19,ly ll-y r=--y,S t )l : J*$cr" -b )Lgbl i ,Ss.: s t-t-,!LArU45!!54jr;,,-tr-.<-,1Q-l,-.t*'-y.5:l:i,;\::3.;L_er3-u:5.r.Jz;,.ri,J-r..,J,t

,5,r" l+ -r,_1..; !; ! "ri.r oiy .rLt trt iJ! ,rJ-.: rt-ilA .'_rla5[ lr!r., 6i 6.r,

i.-r1,-..,r\.{-jJl).- rll;. :i 4sr-l jl q n5.rg;l ol,t-l c 1.j-rr*. 6,)t -:! 6DGlr 0,1

.c-l ,:*.,- .L;1- rj.r{ Jn;.* Ji-" J, r-i itiL Jy;;l .J !.l,l orj t-t- 3l gGn !.,- -1 ,-r.r1; L*i, n;;.L__j*r Sr,\e_* L"-j itjl-

diiLt l*"'5v v-l

;r g."l5ry,-r-1 i_r-!.r gj3l -l-ti';l .ri. !-u;1.r" ;i..,-r jbl ,-orj:L;.r,JJ,t- lfu

1. encephalitis

.FjltE,,-6ott.t

r' <,+1,1 ,., -"ii e<-:-, .' rr.:-iJ ' -r..-41 ,L j,.1..:.; -ru--r JLa--l i- !.iL.t_rLJ

.t-L'A ,.Kr->6 r5;1., ! i.rt.(.-i,)l7-1J<-i) dlJ*i.r, \ ,S:.>tS 6 jL obr- t Ji Jr:sl n5

i)rr a,-!1 U Fi-t jilr*.1rrrv J)J r\) JA),ra r!!i r.rQi;t ,A* g-b-,.57+ t,t.t--r-. r r:S.ra ;lJ,l, U 6€i J:b e-t ga !,tzt I a! tsue A,;

| (CS) ,Ji ,tf,jlr.>lS 9r (UCR) ,rb-r..p el)Stf rrL+ a!.s:g att.t /! r(UCS) ,t-t*4-*d-r,ar,r,. CS + l-, 61,-1t; i,t:,abyi Orttt, ef, ri UCS J CS .3-ti_L-a J.z )l J- .JS,J,

,--\l 3- ^. ! (cS) .#. :3; +Jjl ,5le .r,-L,i ;: -j! jL- ,tjig.4"U dlCn; "Lr

g9:-..'f ,r.<,_p- (UCR) J! ,r..f clt 6tst.,3- oS te,ii J!., t (Ucs) ; :.f 6 tt.'u,

.<,-):- (cR) ct; $S er 6\t t) 3- "r_Q-;t

(cS) .Jrr (6r,.1*a ,if o,-t )t )L r:z )l.i)li cJ:ALi oll j. u;1 ; )s,r,l.r.:^rL; UCR ,. CR f,_: r,ts- r-< s,,tt^ y_l 9;f u^

! er-r".; j o.r*5 g+ Jj-: ..:-l ,r*i, iJ_Ld 54 t 6.i5 a,r4 L t9lcS ;r- Jl ,JU- dl,)rlrLr"lj\ dr:, q.rF;- y! CS J.r )56" jlrtt

.(,, t-\ J.-<^i) 41.: Jl) t t F , r,+rrt '/ eq ,' )*r.(.tjL-.rbJ.t ))c*l ,g:lL'31 y a.i !Jn.r/ ,t-l;.il ,+i.r"lt ?L,lL:.>l n! c- l ,gtl,ttjr r-a ,J:;so2rrt

6lji' j:1i 6;l^ ;l 6laL r1l3 63*.(,- Grs dl- ,Slt .B.l .;;p l_, e-L, gl:l-,0 ^fi AV ". -Sl {t.r .r,-lf l rp jL +Ll ;i .,r1, ,rLj, 4<j,_l JL"i=l .Sl+ l, 'i ,r ]L^.2.: <f *' 3,.r 5a*)- Li J' j-' r!. .)-,Jr\i.{!.rr plsii -.tU=-l .rs.:--iL- 1.: 5y't5,,0,..:!:-, +(Jl- rr,(a=;- !_. t:;S-^fi):Su" l.+;lr:-L tS g-l f:5,g\-'bt

.t yu. ".-lrl.r,-l- 614L, ,r :.,1t ,V, ;l J;*" ,);* Sr*" : ,-*,- 5r* .<*ys,J.r .<,_ a<j_ljl -r- ,JE 131y .

j-U ts-S t .<i-15 olt Lr. .,j;- 1 l, la.gr(ru_;l ;,rJi i'i;1 '-. I 6QL- 1.' tt j:: uz :3; jt; J jl.L -r:; yr l) ,oirr ,. J< jJi J alfj;5r- e+ t .:-'6,.r 5"->\5 6l_P;',r 5+f .ri.*r.-r;; "it. j.'6 J)'ri .rSr.

f:lr.,r- --r-'-t! . - I ojjrL, "'. r L- .-r5.:--F,-r 9'.'r 1' j' g-' jt..r*' oJ-j "l-r'.-a 3r.(-,

6L-+rJ )t * o-w,JFL. s$_r, --,U';,- . .-_ .r", *. i f;S 3;s"!;', i.irlr r<-isJ .<=-)iJ

1. classlcal conditionxrg

4, urcondiiioned respoDse

2 condrlioned slimulus

5 coDdrlioDed response

3. uncondilioned slimulus

6. operant conditioning

erib 1.s2J:Q -pL;,.'...) le-J.A

(CS)r,r; r-<r-

)lF- r'. .r- jl -r-

tucs)rPJ- ;3 j.. (ucR) ,rrr- ; ?..

(CR) -!r;-!(c s ).,!,- 5.,--':S|->< si- ap.r; (-At)

-.+J',.-:-l.j.lil3:o-

i <r,1, i-.;.ri u- j- |'! a;'i

.1:S ,;;- -; r.-l

J-:s r S-)$ gL-u!- 3e:r, 9_\ J<;gie-..,: -ra+ jlnl "rf L- e 6V ) )) e)-l&,-r+ r,_br-) Jr* e: ,,-lo-):'6,L ;L,- )) (..;Jt)

.5,,. JrSl, a*.- L dlJ.r-,ir dr, "t;r,3:L. rl;s) ,f-f 6)L. 2; r: (-) ),r.xa" \l) 6-tt

lsfc JJ ,Sh tsl,i'J (s,c.e;..>

Frr !UCS fi.: CS f2^ ia.JL;l ot: .t;r;,<-ySdjL-.*;6'.'' .r-lj-".iJrq

UCS jir" ". CS $^ j<J;-k! lfy +f r",Lr.,jt-i (,!i J;ri Jtz,-t !,,1 Jl.J. u*<,!

,A)lyp,,-E;otyY t'f

J.<r) -u5;rri\- \ '*-* C- r. : +! or_-.JJ.'.F_Lji l, ^-- -p j_t *f r"*r J-L ,.yrls 1t_r

.11*-*: .l-L-;! - "91 "-on.r, .3r^:* r., .rIJ

it- 'AiL- 3r ;.- JL--l)..:*l ,-r-: a;r,3 :t_ +l a2;i

)): 'S{}'.,)L-;t o- 6j,'-- Jt 6ry ;,_l ,IjJ J\ ,. I

"i--jl-r !Je- ji-'4;.!j- Jr j-t o-r(^' :;:* ! -l__r:

J-l ''t- )' -,F r,:rE ,r r. L-\ rtt- i- ,r .!q; .u. ...:L_! "r-.i 4ir-i C-L: !.r ".*- CF ! f L--r

J-l_:J ) r^?-:: ;,! ( : * jL- li.J,:..-tVy6lnr- 15. 1. jr"^- ,t- t . + L_ -(, *. J )S :-..;-r"). e+ l-'.1c-r

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.ttt j1 e:-.\j y 1.t -, i - -)t -rQ t -I .5 :j ,-r- r l: !r- y" 3--'

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6jy'ep )t .t:Q ,:--.tl'J 9-l J(j,< SrL

.ip.r t Ucs f ,.UCs ,)Gi ), (- t)ar'+Klr, UCR ,-lr- T , .r aJ rJ*-a-f $-' .\r-; t CS y'r- CS .-!ls.

lJa-.,tlr>+t*t,t t-\+ CS f;- ,S-r,-: ,;i;e-t ) s. (e)c-! ot-" rrql2q ,+[.r o\rzUcs yi,

ll(J, jlpli t UCs t a?Lr-

:: S z I- --o.o ,,:**

V :,x.1/J +,lL:t,g/tb Eb ,gt,,t -z-, ,9t4c!14 g, 1,j,/-r'],6,-.;f."-_f iUg o.,i A" c-; ;/f|q utr:e e, r:i )t (--*J

.c-t ;.? ;-+ e * : rSC .L, Jt 4 -t* + e, :S _t ,-{ J.n .1 Karl Lishley

4, mass action

2 engram 3. equipotenLialiry

Yt'b ahll> e sr$:|,- g-LiE*; / pii J;

,sYL )tlr. * t, 9-Y J<isl-:J 43 JA'L.' aL:i L rLt-Wt.:J )la-l -iL;" 6rs .r. ,, .)t, --(iL..:-*aJr-iL,roJ)t-t dr- )L iJ.iL zr LaP2

'F'q-l

3;r.:;u:$ *; rH e_* ; sf,.'r+ r.Jl- -r_'!);-r. +,.- *1 ;(* ..2.;i rl 6;1-l_r u-o- 6j'1,,l!* l-i;;* ,1,t'f l-t 5;J- .,!j*a ,JJ"r-=, -4K;. jj-,- l^- ---,- , <'e-! , <,.r- r . <l-rJ: o- J -13/rr-- l5r. ,zi f-: t1- r 3r-a+L:J y 'J-)- -,-4 t^,-. \y,s-" -,J:;*;JL- ,): ')" ;i'-.;; i;L-.r-

.-r:;u ":;rr JrL:-. -ti;" JL; 3u"Ji.:;"

"1-J 6 te"l.r2.=:; +f -u.lf -;5of-ur;, ,f \^,1r-

J -_ --+ ; J "<:_'

(Jr):r.:5 -.ic-tt J;st-t* ;e j

Li .Â a<!.1 (-,) r c-\ u-,ô 't J'f *----',Jll JK. qj,-

+5 .r-.r a-.--alr,-- . ' - " ,rL-.(,- 6.,jy'+ ll-J ,1 ,.L;t-

s|-rS ^2.iJ a- rj--il-rK )l:5! tf I _s: 2_l "S atlj<:aJJ..liJ*, i.l-d.

,srrc s) (ilt !tr-J> C;fcilteso ': s Jjrf "rl;. .1 ,IJ .4li jl ri.rL -alsi;l 63 o!l(.-r J \ dJ*L- ..jl :tl+,-.r

-<=-yJ6rL"l; Jl i!l(-a 3 bj*\: .LaJ j+*2.-;; rr +(J. e ,* t' 4j ! Utl-a, (UCS) lro .:,t -r,r, (CS) ;yr l,+1 qji.i)f u-Jr \,,\;Fr ,',r,j 4 dla;!jl .ur r.,r SJ-..-r- o-t o- -: lro ut'L.,f ,$:- l,+ )r .rjJf 4,_!l l; ,ff f--< +-ial$-:Ari- .:; "(L, _.: -t- , .f fr 3 r[ 63, .(-X5 6 )t-,Prt,rf* ,5[a6.r.L"a

-J-. ;r ! .,r- ,J(.6.*q .<="15 r5.r-j-; b lrr5 *' \ *" J)r, gUA ,, -JU

L..-a 1E

+ A+;a tJtj/L-6 )l 6K-,SkJ,t-* r, t, ;1-;; ,rtO S1-, .,;:;ffi't,-rLr oj- C l, -Jf t, 4* ,t-t,,AA p1 pKr, .r;,rs"-rÛ; t plVl 4G ua,;ta

J,_l ,Jl- a,_l t .(\ llt .JJ,-b) .r:;!t_ r!_lil Si .Ek-,! .cjr .+ rsfit_ .r:-r: Jj ,r:"lr

6j; o.-l..; ei," 6lrU- *S c--; ,:i ,:- ., Lr1 .,tr r*; l, ,r t-\ y- )l aLd!:, 45.- :.jl;r+5.-.-"-- ', i- *u jl Jr.i-;j .rri

-<Ktr-<KKKK1. Richard F Thompson 2 lateral iDterpositus lrucleus

,F jly* ,e.L:u"tt, fY,

,r- ..-i!.:-" ,-. : D r, .--,!--;,- -;lr;.r. ,(D i;-U:. ,., 'V,..1

-r,a.: 631 l4i 11 -(_r^ ,., ;Ft- Jf

FLAji J!t- jl ..i_-,r a: crrj.-.i, I l, "r-:j ,'-,*i g-t g-.1-;"," ..* ,.) .1*5.-j lr Jl jl,:r-l-i ! (r-rl rl.:o3r, F 1E o, j,f .,1-,,t3;, CJ,B,Arl c*l ,r>D) f.:5 rlrr-

!-rrr.r. d:t Ef r, JFL- ,5 ri ir=- slr- uS "" f1FyE,,;1,..

"_l ;r rJ;L "rlr 63; D ,t63'l_J|<5r_. ,ljl .r1;l-l*r _r.r:**"1- J\-r:-je)yo )f 6.r ,6;'L-,Si Jr,Jr-i! JL, ;>\-; J.J;, .:,t Xll rrl) JG-ji cs! r,L

.(-u.r: D a- ;t lJl t- J--:t Jl-,r +l, D [ LE;":f qJl) .];-ili Jl-j a' Jr:.*j rJ- rJJ

,,-!1 Jy* ,+ ! Ucs r cS l+i .irf -^;t- ,ii Jlrl, r ;;b ,rrJ;r; t t_ ii r.f ,,- t.r*-! e^ .,;,, ,-u1,.d9 .rr1- "".,+

::-* .r!; .;-- -r! (.j \ 6;'"_ ) .rsl;; y ..rj:r5

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It st-l: \*.:*;1 d.r- Jl .i--.!li ! .r53 6brl'r,-3-, 'ld; ) ,5!-9s 'ili.tl,' Jrl., J!---+i)-c .1:1: c-r ;l s-r* br! ! 6l+1-. -*. .l;;l.r. 31 .c-l .-:;1, '., ., \ 101 JL jl 6ia) t]j

1. episodic nlemory

6)ly.E--t;oty Yff

t, t :U ;r^^ rr- <ijr 3r !- .<,- r riu. J- uS slt ;!tf olljt J\ gla.i'\r a^K rl .nl14

- : y 1\ ^7J .tsu. --p|r^ 3l )\.rJ "t U S.r Jut Lf -), 6 -r,-,e.( {*jliu! rr-

-) .', j,f rL- ! !i ! \ 1Al rl 1, 1,"-,1-i,--er rl .--i Jj? !;; !: .-r,-r.r" i-: j'-;-t): ;llt tL;\JjliLr^j H. M. Jjl.J*i r-*t3:t ot J.:rl3granola J Jacuzzi JjU 6l"rL. -.,1.15,JL .i:-= ;,-l

J* ir-l ;r ra JL r+ .(r . . r .o5-,F) -r**j usuJ 31 6lr, e-,!-J5;r,-l r r5 .;,r- L l+i

J:? JI J- .(\ qAYr) -r rYvl :.:l:- ,-.,\ j-- 3l n{.-Su. 7_) : e- i;L;: jl 1l ..rJ )t tG>\.

ff ! e-rt- J,),/ ,r* FJL \ " l-.r.rrr ir- 6 G)-P-.,r-i .j-l;i.el srr r--u .JL.(\ CAf ,J.5J) rrtu- "lr-

-'1 JL

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)., Jl 4rJl .$.rî :z-'t+.er^ o:.-i .r'lr;"y;- Jl jiJ dV;,-l L .r1-: r=$-:; l:;"- a

d-rJ- r,-! o:.-i .2-, ri ,.lsl.r.r, uE+ô Jl ..:-l ".t -., ,-i-i

-.1., l.t,t rf )s; j JL..^.o;,-l Jr!

.r;!,rlr^ '' 'ltrf r j. r-rk )r d6ri 6tl-;rl.i-:L,*-,Qi \Lort +l;1-X!1 6l-,1

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o, .-;;-.rJl-r t "!-".! rl a<r-ljl ,- ,JV 6ly .:y,rb "15-l

l) ' ;)- ; \ GL'a ;hi{.: .r;-= ry .-u::

J/ JU" ,r.+ rl5 J,-l lLil ,Stl r<,':-J .L" L {1- {:; fE!- ,irJS JK. p ,51';t- .U-

6rlil .,.T--l JJ ($ r6N oa-"-; nJi )J+;. \CAIJLil l- 5! 6rlil"ra-yl,-;3 r^:S

jl ,1 j lrl:.r.31 o, ft ,Fl .<at' f l .ri; .*-1 .!r< rt- ,,rj, .1Gl l4;i r ;L;l -,;r La-1L +f l-1

j+.i,\coYJL-jl -r- 15ij-LiJ.r.,l-L:, ! 6.:1-,.;ljl 6re - .t,,n&ltl+iJ-Uf U -E-lrt.J"') ) J- i-r ')* L' '-!.)Y o'l.e

H M&q

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1 semanlic Dremorv

Yf6 aJo)L- 1 srrS:t - saL,L.,a-) / f& J.ai

:rr.,.r. 61, ! J;-:. Lr.L-i ,-r.irlr.r- _.: ,r, 6;-+ .-,G1!1 j:

"t&q;.: +5 616:- ;Gl

-r-K* 4! ...-l "-u -L.Jr; Ut, .l

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ttg'q. cjJ "L "Jo,31 ,.;J,\t S;'" )' 6 u-S uL rl t)lJ-,J,ir, J)r\ ,#av

o=_s-t e)z-. e,";),), ,)J+;,, u;"_l^ atl j;_ pV f ._"tlrf J+ t^=.

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'J[- j-l t (,)+- o-+; n.,t ,s:s- .t:+,2 ,*;).-aalJ< ti j "L "f ". fy:c-itlnu.J,i )J-&t- Fl e-ar 'u-? .rp 4tdrltl lrLlr ! .grj-r> ;-'\L'n-

"f.:l-L-;l a5*l ;-3r

.ry ".:[ ,l-S-;- .!.:y

11 Jj-r2 o"r5;l- +5H. M. .r<-;.--i,r. fr- ),g.t* it.lt- ,:,_y;i 6t, 6f,3 e."s; ;,) )-.-,Vt;r lt-- 45.r.K.a l.:r5;l--ri J:tz (r.r:; ,r l;31 Jlts-:ir;, ..L; ":[i-jJ-"' rlil'/,L ej-, H. M. - (J,-.Jl :C-q) (.)JdFl !.-.)r r-:!. - -r:., L^:li rlOr

t:y ":f )- ,.5.rJ:-r+ Ltl-^ rr ,J=lSq ,J-irJ", Ut*;! Ltrf "*_r,1

g.,r ! _rl +5.r:-_ r-" ,.:rf,.r.

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"):t+;t s;-)tr Lr-i.,tor.-,1f t*i,.,- rlr;;31- n".r.=l".--,)[.1

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j'ri:e1,. .rJ. \ qVY JL .2: d.-t'.:. c,!1,1 ;L ,ra* ,;,

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4 *..:.,s.:j> t- ., )s riu--.:--rt- US u-E t-:-.r;*;i;, -lL-.ltl ;jlr.l ..H M

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{El- i'J! I '., U:,1

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iJi.il- n\:L o-S + J-\ .-2.a;; J.-Jil Jt 6 jUjL.rs *-t o jt ,:-*l ,EJ, t ;t to ;Gd rK;iuSlt. S,f "rl;. .1 4til- ;1 ry 6:fi ".,1., "-.;--i;L;.' o.,rJ -* J r,, 6.J1 rrir JK-l ,Jlj-

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.(frjrEl ;ljl -- l(,1,i ei;r <f fi r,-l;r,"rr

)

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J.tS 2s-; at1, ) t.r r; !r [l ]J-dB:

L:-1.7.: aJJr ,.r-i ):, ai t;iu-,rp.:rL- l>.r>,;-

".t-1, o:l-> rrL:;

-;*L5: i,ql 2.r ;l H M li4r LJ,+jL-',291.,; .! o, 9l al ro._,.o ,-rJ.. ':-! "..t

*-l "r r ,'G;l , Ji )l+ at

1. declaralive memory

4. explicit nemory

2 procedural memory

5. implicit memory

3. Gollin Partial Piclure Test

a!m> esrJ:t_ o*l:.;,- i Ip;.rJ.or

''"!: j','l- ! tr-.- !Li- ol-,Lr : H. M ,o-X; ';-;Lo.

Jtl\:1y;S rJ-J J\! U- ;-r-""t-r5 i.!i;l- ,1 ro.,1r ..,13;; .,: J[-1:r1 .r*_ - -rj-""-A yi-" .t! iltl- 6] j3j-t- r, J.-:: .r(r_,rjrL- a, O

J,_ i? r,[i c]uJj-

itcjL )\5;rr iEl_ .lrrr JK-;i:ltL- ; ,:9 ,t5.^:, U l.t;s f

4!iib J ,-.Al',a..a )J !.csj !-c14.-9lri

oL:J- 11 i_Lj ,nl*l- .sl_i -5r-^

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t$ u*tr r-t ar..ri l,--t) 9-9 J<; 'jlil r o--l,;a aJ' ! il!.lr r''rj; -u;l: '3r"9

iLil-!J"K (-J) rr J<- J-.ll,y-. + ..:-l ".,J1 ! ,5.rLi:. Jl : "rle5 C_tr r J

j J|j\,,- y ,t6,, f C:t '.t^:; f L.]l .--.,k.o-- ; .rSu. 12J,.' q-51."a "r1tl rly;.r ;."1 crd,J ;.e-i iltt- rr(^---. ,1 Ly- t-*.. stl: 6r;3Gt{ '-*5 y-t <5 3LJ "..u p,-l- ,rulp

)p l. (jrr.r.:S.r-) \ .r*--r-.ti nf c*t ,-t-l +;_p "i- .(y " . t ,1+ dJ) -\:j-,.,A Jlr)F,

,r ,;J.lrl: 6;)l .r-SJ* +f 6:!l r r .-o. .,r.a, ! ;-Kj;" "s"-G g SVs;i tt--_t

o!t{y g*"-'t 9 .*l "*)rit.i" J,jJ "+". J,-l Ul .ril,Jij< )1} !t*-) .,rr t41S .t-l ,ryg,,r'u "l;-Sj==-r'ts-.:- i;r- rll 4tu"K^..:-l ,.u l-r- Ft".U e6 JJ-"-r^l.<-tsl+i =

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.(Y.. f ('L_ o_e) ,u;[ r5-'-r5.= .l+-a 45 u,L.s

^S u,: ),) rlrjl ..u-;.r" .b.. jotr: di "jlil jl ..-6_r^ c!l*t yLy,. e_tr

l,' ,r"'s- ,,-E oa )) ae)y oi e-[r-: + a-l c-l 6-ui.1 a"Ns ,:9i-" Jolb 4 e".r-rrl at apoptosis -\]':L dl..i, c-.jL- rltU,l ; a<-. j- tsa

2 ertorhiral cortex

t< -... A- \

'i'),\ ,/t,tt

;'9-jl2* ,,-Ea"tt'

/K \,-..L (.i

1 .\1/ .

^) u\,'" ''v

oK ,to'u t-y- i.:"ii (a) ?-, J<L)+S "K

(..51) ,J J<- J-.ltrc-, +

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J- -(- r., YrJt, L-l r.-l ,JlJ ,rj tt-l er c-t g.l:

1-t .5rJl- ,r .r-u: j j rf7; BDNF i] st sst

3:tt:'S'.: -t^ .',.frr' i- s- J'" -r: 6'.lrJrrr,-. ,.5k :.LjG ;,115.i I Jit* r.:* ijo.:1.: q\-;1 plK:-,l kji =

-t5-"--^ ,-ll-, j -rJrl.: L-1* -r-

.(Y . . f ,6r-J r ,15 ,;i: u- ,,5tL ,6;':;-) *\ L- 3:' r'- jl F ' ;:1113 at-l

y^ltlia it4lr9 ar bt). !.cla cJ-iaj

gJ;,*l asH M ".1.;- 1.,,.r-:11^;l .r-ara !.r5.r'.(.5'!i1- ! aiF= Uir:JSr-r

t,z"l +G ! .rpu. J-b1r:-K-r.^ Q; .-; rf-:lL;L -u-a rl 3- Gc*! 3\ 6jj $ret- 6;; r:(-.r^t(.-r,t ""tl pQ;l uf-, .J estl-t.reL; J--.r1'1r.7,; l.r"iU M -,:-a^ ttls P J-$:,r^ t c,Ji ! o-t-- 3-l )s Jt)6. AiJe.=- 6-44 " rK'- r ,5Q>L;1

t ! 3t*;l c.,E=l; olF-:-^ j2,J,-lt1j. .rLr.r, -= i; ;1 ,-;t-- rK,--' 6G;\:;L- .,'t":- 3

*5r" -t^.-(- 3K-:u.;i :',lt 3.- ;-.tt.

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\r,sE el r:l;r- .5g=5 -*-t";i .,Ul-* \1,,^-t,t-l g"|i.r.jy<?.(\Cqr ,;Fl)i-t^l! rlr.,l-r,.jr,5- J"J.-+--.i \, ''f -r:-":11^;l Lilg u^ e;:5 oz l+i !,Jj:5i\:,)

L-r3;4 a-L +S 3, rt tr lb u-r:c-l ,lr.i;,-l ;l 6,1-r,-3-, iLiL- ,5:--tl.,3lt kt* ,t "!

.* t Jl j rr:,u,,rb di o, .rl-:.11; Gy;l bj. ;- i-r-.., )E GJvr Gtf lr5l45J-l5u.

, ,-,-^o, y! .:-1-' rirl.r- :L- dL ,Skjr" .,r.f -- j- , - 1 " 'r5' ! 'li l!'l ^5 'Jj F-

^frr-- ".Y t t, j S u*:- J=+-. .<l il"rrs J, 45 '?.ii 3\2 Q: " *5 'r:ar.r' '-rUl ,1}U

d r,-Q;.-" ..:-1 6:l-r,-j-1 L-lF r+l-r ,,-F -;*,+ "Fl.l-

,r-l- 61a-!13 iti\- .l1l'

,JJ er " . Y ,g! ;r7-l ; ;-Kt 1a ry) 66 J* "r" 'jrJ'(; ;'-l ,r -t'I"r"-: '=-15r"+ &J-

2. anino acrd valine 3. melhionine

.(\..l,ir)L :,c')3

1. neurolrophin r:J-".SJl+ig)i ' tlL!9ln a, d,;!-*,i,5l"rL

eLiL- 2 ,5r3:l', s/l;-aj / f.ti I

r^ \ '.;\' .' I ,lt t*

^.1\J'l,\)r'.\ ,,/'u\,

't 3i-:" i s- '' "r3'o "t;

L ,yLLi -.iJ5; ,:

-l;jr -; ,rp t) t ---L-; ,-: Jtat-tr;*.r,JrtL-n;F ! dl, F".r, r.l ,-rl .r,_ L -e.,r5.r. -J,t ,r;i L; L.tl-hi cL-o -i-Ii-,. JJ -l*jl i,r

:{-eu z-rd L:.)t(:)9-t JSi ' J''ili L* L 2rL' eL-o "'LJ-(- 1' -''5 -Lu' r;I

rJ"Le (.jll) t.' JcJJLrry,+ -.,8-:l !,i+ -r,, ! rl13=- +5:-'l;-.:--1 oL"-r 115e.,-rr

.-/-1 )) 'ri ;1J +l r13i -rL- t J,-L ,JlJ=' !)ry Jr I rJ .(t-v J.(-j) .l;L ir3U:. .jF t 4t J.5

JL: f-tr- J),-,- J) -rJ- L; J J-! l]2;\- - o,i '1 .2.1 ,=-=--i j,-{ J ,.)} o-L: + ,r :jy

,du-L Jl.r- ;;l-r,--r-i ))lJ, )\ . r;;r ! .,fI"- :-S-=. 1 a-.rr oJ-j r;13 .-u:,.r.

j-I-(; ,,,Jl ..ru- slr,. S.f r..- ir--: .J*u. r+ ;S js;;: ,.t j l-,*- ! ',F^.AiJ-.. .))r,,;-lr.: r.:9 ",o'-t aftf sll )i f ,sJ=-C.j_r* ! (&tL- .rr+ t_)jlu-

,:,r5":lj:-1 ;US-,,;:') Grf oiFi.^r;,' _Ji l-l J:5u. , lj; .r$ ,:fl"e a-tsj"=r

n5 -r--;rt. ;i r1 ,- r L(- f1.' .:,E.i-- r J..*- ,,-l ,rr. .rJ;L *\5y*r .-" -r,- ,) r-a J)

--r- <vJ,-. - j'.:. <',.J - -.i- -:'rJ e,.r *5 *---a < - *5Jt ,;' *i s -5 *--o

.(r ".4 ,+Gr,1F+,-t ,;f ,r:K.f-) 'r;;--.n U^ii 1;L6sr- jlJr".{.

:-"t a:* , -) l) j;

,=J_t;ei i&il'> 9 ,-.otf1o

rL'i u<,_Fl ,Jt^.:+ .,- ,1 f+" ,l-..s-6;U; 'L. Lsli .--15j1=o +5,: .l g-1 1:"'4|

.<t-t :". t-V. L--<,1

a; *; L .LLLJ oJ--e i)S:it-6t;'L

6 "!^.

:: -,.f C-t, ,+ Su',K u-C.:-{? I t- :;l:;lS ual; Lrt- ;: 613- n5

Lr,l-j J -!l,rji .--L: 6.-V._t-ft gl+li ! r.y;-15-1+t: \+J)i jl drll tatJllr"

I delayed naLching to saurple task

2 delayed nonnlatchirg to salnple lask

,.'!-ily-1ai --wottt YA.

ffih L.i Oe -u2 ;.: .r-L- J+ ,-r^]:! 31;. upts ;x^..

tfy J f ,s,.)-lr ,|:". ,-(---t 1r.,r. -!_,1r" .r-E L---- ,t" ,-t -t n5 c-i-r I )3-* .(Y . .0

J.*,'6 ts-; ,ty;i (a)9J J<; jt s'-.. e-\ a)t' 6-' ,r-t^ J:L'';l')-J dK l.-;-)A rs J<- Fri-, q 1_, :l .rb I-- t f=5 Jir- 6-q.q l.-" 1 1, -:--

u;r.:J* CiL- 3L^f 1 ;jl,:. sleL<- t .rL; s4*- 75 ,5:t ! "i r*J y;- r+, rii-',1" "5,g1rl-(^-r :.=1tpt Sa p' r,-r?-- rF -r.-4 !i- ' ; ). 1+l -;--.t-5u: )itl:6Gd; ,;;- ,JFJ- jl ,*.)- f\J.,JQ;r. .(r. " r ,l r /rJ .1) ,u-1-sl '6-yl-q !* r: .4" JWK- .:^* ., l, rf Jt t j,f

"L- ,*-,r- s .r5.r- fir"!" ! ,f .r*Kr-"

fl".l ! cJ,-t -,J\5-- qjL;l ,-<..r.K;o.(Y..f ,"r--r! 3,o3;.'U.i ,;.-:;,-(.,j;;jt\ t:3

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JLj o- ,rL* c .1 ;(- o!4 ;,-1 j u;jT.,

sE)U_ t J' .--',; I -ar_-* ! aj*. -! I:--_.1

,6" ',Y,<,j, lLt -",:3,>\L,-t L J' nL -t- ,

;lf Lr-:L "tr.L r.,* a5 .,,-ta;Lr; ;1 .ri- .g-t

Lrlq, j, rj &.Ai ,-\t Js.l \fr .-s Jt:c-l !i=i :b 7-\ *f,G .:!r rr ,J,-i c-^31..r 'l t-J JL-i+ .<..: _$;t ..r-S rJ '1 r-,;,J-,, -+' L. .)t )-,

| '6't :^;, ! ,-u:L.<,-F ,t -L il-.r..; rtr.- ,(t- \ v

gQ,:r,- b ,=.;.:; "}i

G L)-t,59":t t'o*.'i Ul^"lf jl ,,* -- J\f,:ar;,. );S 6"tar+ r-J;,-1 1l ".:l-c*l ! l+i.il,)J.t[-rr .u:5.r..---1.r4 l, .r-;."". 1,\ ^Sl);Sf

.sl,:J u:--t1. ! d!:, .r"L- : ,S-5r rJ" .t-lr,{+

qrlu.T p6fy,,t; "lvn rfit 4t$5.' i,# | s o,t-t allrt Lar\ a!,:-l u!.r>,., * eL- .,-tsr ,SSf8,r ^-i ,i . ,:J g- r.r; ^,-

,sL K;.-L ,-o L; ,g;ly-., --'L Jt iW stt -.-t,l.y j ,-:^crly t, Oi 6te , -:1 .,f-,Jr,5 .i-r-- ,J=- 3 ^1'L\; u" l) L-iIi )' 6;J;;r:. ! .rlg-! ,rlF- r+ tl t-. J: r-;S,j, +* ! .,r gt+-l*ii,rGi rr .,- I LrK;-!*:

"J:6.e;6139;, oS;-ljl ,-i uj, lt-j.: ir j)-;. G<J-; c^L " .rrr3"t, GjS c-l .rso"

l aplysia 2 plastrclly 3. habilualion

4til> 9 6raS:1._ sbLi: - !) / ,L,L,J.;

.,+-:.ir 3. li +:"L-rLtJ,f -J ,-\"1 JS.f

5,,'J;3|' 6:-rle ur) a< ;Sp e s* sq'ryll, r- .*;2 o .lLLl

rr.rlF rtl;, u" \..-r5.r. rl-.-l !,1-K j)Lj. ,r41 ,us7L:tt f+.-(,-r'-,c-l;,-1 l-u.,.r. .i-r- f .r'=.1 ; ,LK y! e jJ.i u- ,JJJJI .f-!lJ, uu to It o* Js.tt

6;t! S e -5." ^++.r-t! .r5.i-F .j- ";1",:t " l: ,f 7 o:.ty :,l,li,j-'Lr. S"f).(t-- \ A ;6;) .;1., .rC- uSf t:,-y J ,j* aJ)r ar. d--1 . ,r ':+ ', !-jliJr

,(: .9'o .r1yeJ * +, q9l

r -l! )r jrr ,.sri r -i Jn.<F )l -- -l-, t9tA -l^*;L:,,)) J rj>J .iji.,:K ,cr_r<F J\, r,

,-L- ,,ly: *-.a-o Jnil oJ;

-;-:I .tJ-j,( - -1.

^D. -<";

LAi )' .r+i JJ-s --i' -E)1 ,#r- ,-\AJS)... "al(-l;l*-.:-t).L,,.e- C-q iel t.f-r+J -b rt,o. ui+i,J$ .t.*yf*L-r:.5c)

.:*l ;5p .,,,.e, , "- ..,1r9, ;* -".11.-- 2 ' ,b: ,-ll;'

b-i!,I js o,i,i g.rt"t

.-r-[ 6['lr- y J:* )l j,S-f rr j-,-, Jr- "i

L^r-t ,+J f -,+, ! ,-sr.-r:,-, '];x:'.; "t" Jt

J )tt.rA or:,U\ at:, nL..- l"r,- 4 ;,-1 .-r--".,.r. JtJ FIJ F-r ,lQSt sVf- :of.t.;J.!JJ 6tisf-a | 4E 4t.tl'-u ae,-a ,s Jti) 6W)-' , e-\ r'7lll il i-l r)t:

;=- -* rsld! .L ili./ ri*: r-,lly ,.5|,-rJi - '..! .31-.f ! S.* ,si 'fr.

,tft,,u

1. sensirization

,A))v-rc --(-i,tlu

' -,':5 *-'-:-- .Jh- 1r, J-.,r .r!--J f ! J!j, e-L* ;tjl;.^-rt (c-l "r-j "r1r dLj t- \ q

.$*:, -): a5 6;j-t.,;rLlJ:CJ 4U Ostt c.:-9 6Q j^ , 6y.5r-; .ll":f ;t_r, ".u.,,.L[:; ,Jk...1 t-jl drlr!- !-_L:- j._-- CLAa,t-L F1r 4, , (5-HT) ;rtjs.r- "S S.r u;5,l) ,r-l;o,-l "-. iy:-t* .r"J .rJ-,r" "r""u "r*

4-.ri- 6la,ri;V_\ $.f ,!i "=-

ltst_r

lr, -j i' . L-.c !---jL: z,' ;' r *L..:-\:-: ,rj ,.:*L cl-lr.: --r-- -.,r".;-_51{' ' 1-

,t:ys-,- nS ,-ps .tlrJ Lt^J. di 6* "!u u"Li yl-t o:,ty,f*Q C-rr lrFer. pl-

JJ*i )lji !!,1!l! J ('+trrF+ J1L ;r j)] J-"-' .f q ei.*: ..,.,:,.r. l, r*L. ,s,t=..

<l-a jg, .-Jqjp.,.r's.) <q' 1-r 'L ",5 *L- J,-. r5 - , * ,., .-:*, ,-,.:or lti: .:-:*

,1.J:U ,r-r5,-l=t .g) .u-)',tsl€ :1zs "".l: .--,r.,;\J-t ,r.rti .J.L- +5 rrL.r. ! c;l"rb

4.";1::6

,J.J J:+-j !t. ,rr),.i,5" *f :, t ;=,;sr.JJ -,.r ..L- -

--q .rr q- . i ji .+!6,1Ji, jr;. ji ,_!/r: -

;-?1 6-,u q-,.:lr JLi.l

"ril J:{- },rr jr)i

.lYP -?r) o,')'

l*t ), dz -ir e-l tu o"L- t-l 1 Js,l,ts.)y '&)^ L.t a9,ty .K-r-; L.;61"; !l L , p!j-- ,- a.!-e a. 6 ";lrl L;'!e* a* oyy 4p.ll;i *- ,rr,,2 g,-1f,r-r* 6t "

r.il-,'.: l; J49:9r- .t:JJa; L'.) ory 4)^ )Sr. artKlr l) ;<p)-5." ;iX*t *a,,r-:ar!Li;;l ; r,; .ri , o1l ) e,'-*-l p*-Q srL:,-,,J...

rt-J,-c[<-i .119.r" .,,--f- ,- :lt!-1r c,!;i- 5.u".r. c.rk] \. ai t--,{i lrL;: -;-a-ri,*oJ] .J^jj ,!y ,rtr "ts,r+;.r-l -F1- q Y. ". JL- -.,)

\ Jrs.<,-rt 3,t-31 tl. u.6tVJt

l. Eric Kandel

al;;t= 1,saS:\ s4Lj,: '_) / e,;, t).;

,:3-u..:i,f ,\;:61".'t-'L*: --lf 'L=.", 5,J-L: .r- L- 5ro"r. .rL:; ;"-r.". t+1.(Y"..,ilrK".Ar J:.) "\,;<t- Ui6q-,q- -s os_t-y c;4 i-,bk 1

)Sl.i dlp (,]l4jlS!$

U5+>9; ! .-(--){'.5;L.,rlri ,r-Ll ".r..r J19,(J- 4r9<?.-.! !r-L--\lcrl.r ;l;L;l +;!1.r or4. L a-_L; ,.r L;11 iLrr L}:,6Jj+ -Y

f ;--.a JL;i;l ,, ;l -;'b r.-'-,r- ,r--+L-l-".,."* cL_L ,; ! p,--Q 61|* .;rlrr ,ril -l.4 o..rt c*i ;' L)LL ,: b rr ,sQ;,1

r.p ! f *ib*r, .1 o o.r.oj b 5,J 15; .Jr-Fil

. 6rJrU- ".S lt".rrs g-5.-,t,-.1fJL ,JlJ;*ijl" -^bl .' rJL:ttr \ oyK4 -.:rl,ii;,. dl-j j

.,1t- .,1_".i-- 4J r5.r- "4L u,.!i 6j;.,.,G-j; J ")1" J<:,-. Q.-.1 ;, -,..- ,J _y

,r.,tt. )1 ,t\:1:,,+-";r .r.6,L;-. -u._l,j Clr- -Lrlr; ;Jyl ..r-,:1 -,! e1 .rUJ) J\r4 )t j)6.j jr-r ,-'*;tr: ili J+lPl ... d "*-+ ,r- ..,t

i *., - \ 1r " .-r.: ;: -S-1,c alglry

.*e:ia 6W)^A Au, .5,- ! l, .ri,c.-.r.:r: t,. f,a:. bJSi tz t- .5,_ :.r*:t ,_r" rl_r.r J,_1jl .-1e"-e1.1 J.-Jr.<,_J-,.- !,-1 .4i$f f- \ o! d.l.)! \ ". a-.:$ y 1r il- - .r:5l.r. ,.rl.rt* 6r J.lc) .t:5 --J.5 *--* ilt 4:.r-6 I? L_.jJJ J:?,a+i I? jJj a l{ il : :l ,?J,.3 5!-C

(-u.A+ C-t, ;:: ,Lt .rLr 1r .r"_.r-- rtrujrr

J1L- ,sL-- dlj ;tr .=-b ,rr- ! ri n5$r.r. ,ie: t., j1--: a- .-.,.u1!: ,rli F-l,J:-:5 u" ".LiV j 6jtl.

L; i (!i! .!-: JLJ ...rlrK_r j o.u JLi cl]j k-,t=- jl ,?r Jl- b:s u.,cl*;l o

.5s,rl bsi JUI ,-Sk-,t -il Jrs, .E c,J..jLr dli oL-ljl , i.J-4 t-..rjJi3: "l= , r oLl*r.5,-r.*,'- 6115--o o

J\,6.6-"-a j,-::1, u-,"L=;l'o^; t.' .:rri4 ,l4t uFi.<,_ lai .!.r 1.,,F 6-.,--

,r:-.:t Jl-ju')J* C rB d1+Fi 4tJl-;r,-ul,U ".i-i Jti 6+! b-,! D -,n.tUFSi

l Shcrrington 2 Cajal 3. lorg-ternl poLenLialion (LTP)

.&jly"ii .tujottt

,' ;:-; L_ xt- l.J).-rJL.-a.C yB 3q-L:- J r; ." -!-"J * D JA Jk*_u=-'..," -*.J"

lJ,;- i rlrJeJr 4J dJ! ^-L,.99

rls,-t3Jr L . i,-," :1:,-131: JJj -r:.l--a - dJr" L^ a'* (- r -

^,., -r;,r" )lj r!j!r dli ,r'-|t\gr r., .5.r,-k-,q- ,rE ;r-1 ,l .J-ars, i.rl- lil:L3J d,;._r.!r i'r;.r.IjU a, J.i.i .:.,rr!r.: oii F_lil a<"_1 j- 4J !r.:j--.A g^,Jq+\:.-

.,r1, j! _t* _FL_ -

Jf) J,^.,rr. gJJ 4?- J:-gJi:i;: crj-i.r. "..r- [ \;r.rtr" gtr; oi"n\5 a5 J-<" r---

3c*l ',-,\:=-,: c-t,.t)+l .J.!-o6. j.L jrr.r Jli FEi.rY" "t.t{ t1 . -,:,- .'qqA...^'ti

s! .-,! rQr t .i- all-;r,r,,'li ,ru-:! '.r*: JU.r f t,,l_rtl ! SlJl 6.ur.r: d;: jujC-+ -:;3'_r,,r".l."L ilr"- "!t; ot* "1j' JjL ;: .;?.<,- FIJ-{< c- .'JL-

J r/u+) i-l cr-r.j!r dli oj.lKjl dl4iJ.J !,r,- -t: J,-l .J-ar .F.t5-"?;i. t, .'r; ,,a:;*L.(\..Y,ilrK..^

+4.:t:s-" g;-l -,r iJ-a: cr!-ltl I, Ji C- t, ilj=" .r:-- ,.,r: )q l, .-,E"- oli ,s;'1" -51

y '3\"t:.-15 trLa'.;^";r c^!t! )lJ; JS t-i frorr, ci-r,, ;t;l .; .-r,-f -:!- ,:;1 3 ;;*

g;L-r!.-. :l-r'- i-tj;.1t 6t1t-.:rlr-;r 5.-u--r," (--^.* ;.* ir- i-r,o.:.r. ,..1:l :f .u).'-l5y="4,r;l.y ..?j i r (Y "' l !o.r!,,K51 -r,r; ;U X t- -r-ar.r, ;-lil ! .r .--!lY" ". r.r-;3J 3,r-Lr;,cJl-a) J^,6" t)t j3 \ tf s^|s-ty L- "r1r ,l-5-:; ,Jl"jb gk -J-,t

.r,r,u*! or;'J! ,J! .r,,t=." -,^ .,-lJ ("!U "<,- lrlJ-o ! ,Jl* O,_l U .(Y " " \ ,Lt!15-.-r y,r3-;

,-,*5! ,-r- .r-..r;*! rjE-,-sq---L.--" ofg )t.--,.i.rlrr ,-rlj; jr-\f\ &,- , )Jt

Jk-1U-- itir..5..Y-rl,--r-'-;,;) t-;,t,&;U Ct- 1.:9-rc'r.:-=Jr.': -5.e -u-o..r,

.t;Su,,:,..\i, o s:t ^+ j gt16 7,S F | .,:s-

"t-1 +\ ,,str-

\s{ l+Yi c*r- j Sk^ jejlt4

,_r.-^J;1 lE b)af ,Sr.:.irj!r nl;,r..r151- c,l-;!.' ,.rli .+-lil aS 6lF bf oat',crrJ 113-. .r;b ,1g la-a.: :1-r-- ! ,p\i ,.6it6l-{--tl-1.- bs,t-t :^ ll) c*1 ".,r-9i ,L 1 ! ,J.,t"j

- Lr-i.,!.L --Ipr ..:*' 4i-i'r iL- eE'r\t 5,:, --J' ,r-rr" + -L* -a ,: - L.-; -r-;-LtL:-; c-,G=i; r1 6rl-i-- .5l--_re l',-rl:r- o{ .l! jl 1j+, .r;-- r.rl1r;l:y c*5.J\- rr 6Q!-;- "l!U.*r" Q-rrl(-;,-l .,tsr.r.65.2':;j;*: j .JL;1i11*rr jL,,5'- -u-!.5.ru-a:.r"

1. long-tcrm depression

alDiL- t 6)S)t' s'U,5i -.!) / f-;.,1lai

;;-\ "5 o_4 or5 -.rl; c-- .=- 6_;=r )r .,r.jlrr Jl;, ,,F_l;l !;L;r L tlrt.: -,;l-i;.tlA:r;< )lt 6-)t ))j, "';3 ,-)+ "i 6re.;r5- J J[ JLi:j ,,ri Jli,r"

NMDA gAMPA 6ta*rti-r

"!:- t""\:iK 6te tL-- rr .--,lr-;- dJ .,r-j!i Jli or.-\jl !6l"ri 4:;U-i ,t:^ .r^ -,'L*

dkb -rr .(Y " " I ,,-rL) .rl, gi , "i:o.,,.JU:l A,;,tl jlj cai rK ,,5\l ,t; Lt.*;;- .rr1r

D1 xj[.,rr-' l-*1 ^,.\ a jli-;at_3.,6t^".r;rJ--t-.1 p_/.",-r1.r.;l:..S-r,-ry raLi u;j3

,r la:i..r5- r-Ll:*i GABAA !t- !.rrJ,- il-r ,..\-,jli:-,3 GABA.5t^.sf:D2.r6;!.1)r . ,:- .lr<l[ sJ.i_J-- ! l+i t rrlr 4<!.ljl J.- -;X;* 6l+s] 6j1,;-al: jK,;yd-.,;r sAMPA ;ttS ,; " rj-iy, NMDA rAMPA pU n, ,- ,.b'( "r:;i g3ra,*t f U y .rtrt) , r-:ti.r*riri Ott ub +rt,! ,51V, c4A1l upt o;^a:J@t

,Jl!-L+"1- 'F g-l) rj) e't )- o-amino-3-hydrory-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic

t Grb+ utsg jj tj-ut e-* c*UF^4:9 W 9n-' 2:NtlDA;rrJ.e-\.-l!.J e-q jn N-methyl-D-aspartate

f U

l.j J5.r. )\\ e-lj+" $s-,f S"-* GuJ,6-- r.,:..*^ \.:Lr;;r- 6G"lr33r,,r.,L; y -r5.rr r! | f-- ,S,l-* AMPA ilf .r:9 .r-,!-.,*. JrL ")lr la,y_ -r,:r:.j!l'>i: nf ..-t .r.';;r NMDA ;-r.,3 l-l .,--l"JlrrF.:: :;j-

^S *t 6f,-.,

"r.+L-,sG,:;l;?: 4b

"K:n t:t .), .r<l .r,Jai il;-" + ;ac3.t!,L:arJI;al 4' ii eL-;*-ro;-rj_'

i: ..

o1,_ dlr+-. ..-l .-lFl ,[.jU, cJt-;r L:; <S.rJl-;-: .r-..--=.r. NMDA ZL;] ". :at ]3l*JA !3r, .t-.1\:b r:1b c^,i;L +5,pr_F) c-l a:- py_F,Sby_ "l=-: f

'.!r*

o3's-.s- )l G::-;r ti-i NMDA elr- .G-+ NMDA dL^" .=-L- lj .:e-.r"

.'i.l5.r-- r.:-l Lr; ,trr5 ".-t!l-; fy_F Lt.,f ls ,Sl.;1 .! .r-ri-"L I

,r55; ! oi qr-F.(t-Y . JS.;) .:_p.rr rtl oJq 6.r,,^" ;L ,r.:l.r

AMPA ,511-. A.,h :l f. ,JVJ,-,J,[.j rl,r'; .r5.,1;i .-="t-]K brq G y-Si 4,r.pr5.r- {t J--,l:*jq J; ir,lL ,rJ-ir- ,.J;U 6#^:. * a, c-.;J: <5lr;.r, r.,l_.1

', - -:," <U"(J* iJi $l ."r.t'e.:S ."j J; ,*" L*iL: Lr-i,rr a5Jujl r-'ir,1

"*-15

_j -- -r- .+liJ ;,"1 1r .JjJrt ! NMDA g!= rjL.r. r.,l! l-,,-,="8 F :,S.r Et-.(t-Y \ JS-j) s.p.r- r;lj NMDA Slrz." ,y-!

L ionotropic

SJ)v-:'.j- .,-t;i,ttu

.rl*L- , <l , -"-:- l-G *J5 ., , , 'A1'.-" -"_-! jl f:--5 u-,r .*l ,5-r-

lU I .r:+=_1,,. ,-:;;.r" r;lj NMDA

.r1t * ! 45 JSLj- Jl-r t, \cal,Iftl

,J!K..-i r -4_ft"--1) )r.r- $jj-"JiF

"+:.,-l il 6!- CaMKII .(Y. " r

.,: .1 jtS a-r r 6)rr..^,. e cJ-t"j!.)

oli .+_lr-l CaMKII r!; ;-1;--;l

.r-1r;.{-? r "r,_5- ) L-i ! .--,.t-r1r:

JXijl CaMKII )) 45 (u,-l+-,.-t,-)

!"i/t/ j/rLjNMD^ J AMPA Ltta,ri; ?-l " I e.lr"jlr .rli .,*:lil 6t-.r5.r-.:l-"_l- r')tr iti r -"i,r- J_51-- ;' _.iL-. -, ulJ r-

.'l,* AMPA;-r.J,: 6r.Set )^ ^. ':-trs .."1 ,:,,JS.J.l ,._ -., -_:K,i))t .tr,; ))9 -r--or o;ur ,',- rOa e L rJ.- )! , ' -

6Vt aJtl,z- )rler./,J-!e@ J, r,--.NMDA, I (I'"0 'r-- J s i-v,,s ';-:;,-1 lY'"\t:S;L,-:.1a.:- 26 g;-; o- l, l-_!.-:

ar,_ JJ- CaMKll aiSrJ-

i-;.: -3li F_, , rrt 1 JJ J. -1 ;' A :.- r- -.tr- r+

tJ).+. i _sJ , ! .r-_r; 6t^"1;,3 t- -r.r-lr. "$-:;

l, C ;;" AMPA 6G"lf ,-_r-rir o.-t-a: u" 1l jt

.r^-r.r- ,$:;- .3;i* NMDA 6G"t '$

b j,j,:rlr. ;1 y o

,Jq-4U.- )-lJ,iJ-Si.i- ! ,rl_i Ut ,-L^.) J61!- ! J;-r: JGdLi c._;Jjr r;1r el-(-l 1

6ln-L: ;-lil ! ,5b "r..i ,.1-rr5,rL:l '>U *5.jfJt .l .(?-r Y JK.:) rS )\tJ \) C ;;,2.rFu, fr Ja !:.")ir

.r:g.r, r-L* .i-iJj5 jt ;-+ r j;" AMPA 6Ls.ll;l -r 'l L:-t o

!,-r,l,+ ..':*, jlr*rijJlL)i'i

":.-\'St,:r' y. )'

"!; -r.-Ij-arj Jtt s-t1-;-. JJ)r )i +.r'i ar6 jlr{

l't- "";3 S.A .t;lt "!,*..

si y "3Xo t_ ,ri 6[ 1 .r-a [.-J: ,-tj;j, ; ;1r..', 9l rr^4l...- u4 J1J--.- l5:5.,r1i l) | r;3o- i,t;.a.;Jli:.il 3 "s-,r,:-cL .r-1L.-.*,

1. (a calciD calmodulin'dcpendent prolein kinase II) 2, retrogra!ic lransnrilter

__..-

IJD'G ,6rt)6_ e-L;:* ) I *; ,l;

itjl or. )r NMDA JAMPA 6t'"JiS ? -.Y

.\,,F-

r! .*jLo*r -!a a,LAMPA;-!Jr.?L jlJ

rf .J;t r!; , ri" { , .:-r ljr L;; L r}.i,*. >rl: -rK2'G l, ;,aEe.K e rl.- +,t+ ) pt..- s\?y ,)K d fl4xi ,rztL ; a--K e e,L atf iL l, NMDALTS ')l'.5"

. 1 .1I <,1* ,l ,J-ar + , - L ir) -r

J*J I u--4.............

Li-,- " r:l r J U; l r,- I :; ly

.J.tt .* )r.:* {NOl l---j;,7

4 S_ 3tr. ) ) -"j i_ L:- _:_ !*,r:,

o-ul rli,rr:r.; i5 J."- JCFq.1

J,-\^) J -r- f' I : -;ar "-ur:.Ji I

,., 5J_. J+L<" j 1-',,u.:J[-i:-l,,.(:--1 "-",,).; r5.r- .ljl .:_i* j;Jl,.- -! L-l ;_lil (.r-!.j)) j t ,J.:.. ;ll

F-,r-e, --?L- ; -J - J--1

', -L.*

* -,,"j l-; -.r;L

',t"-: :tit A3 ,L':", I S"r-lf ,ls,j,Ja) / <t';r''t)

2 6 ";L-; 6laa;Li, j,)))) ,)) ,r ci)a )t.r"JT ,rL--o ,JLaa.iLi c- aJ -r,a-r.-

"["];. j-,lrl l, .,1-(.1, tu . - , \r- .- J

ribJaj

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Phy siolo gic al P sy ch olo gyBy : James W. Kalat

Translated by: Yahya Sayed Mohammadi

روانشناسی فیزیولوژیک

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