多地面城市探索：21世纪基础设施是否可能？

Multi-Ground City exploration:What governance and city planning systems are needed to build and operate 21st century infrastructure

Weiwen HuangMoscow Urban Forum2014. 12. 11

Hong Kong

Beijing Shenzhen

Beijing

Hong KongShenzhen

1980, Luohu, Shenzhen

2010, Shenzhen

Hong Kong

Shenzhen City, 1979

(Baoan County)

1954km2

SEZ of Shenzhen, 1980

(Special Economic Zone)

358km2

0.31

0.19

Hong Kong

0.31

0.19

0.31

0.19

0.94

4.16

3.36

61.5

8.77

780.7

20

10

10.3951.1

5000 X

40 X

Hong Kong

What happened in the Land of Shenzhen in 30 years?

50％ Vs. 50％developable land natural land

>90% built already

？

The traditional car’s

road-oriental city-

making model must

flatten the land and

damage the eco

system at the

beginning of implement

of any urban planning

claimed to be green or

low carbon.

SubwayInter-Districts

100km/h

To Airport100km/h

BRT/ TramInner-District70km/h

PRT, cableCommunity

High Speed TrainInter-Cities300km/h

Bike

Walkway

1、基地作为生态系统一部分考虑Recover the site as one part of eco-system

2、Ecological Urbanism重新塑造基地成为自然山水地形的一部分

v

3、walking street network根据重要的人流动线布置公共和商业服务

4、Architectural Typology用标准化和物理条件最优原则布置建筑

5、Fire Passage消防后勤通道

运量比值 公里／小时

人均投资比值

人均占地比值

伤亡比值 碳排比值 能耗比值

综合效率比值

城铁 100 100 1 1 1 1 1 680

地铁 80 60 3

轻轨 40 40 1.2

有轨 20 20 2

巴士 10 15 1 5 8078 26 3 45

私家车 1 20 115 12 1

电动车 15 11

杨洪年，世界大城市运输结构类／型及发展趋势，罗晓、刘梦，城市轨道交通在生态城市建设中的作用罗宪安，公交车、汽车、电动车道路资源占用效率分析比较

1 Vs. 500

中心区 住宅区 城中村

容积率 1.2 2.7 3.5

建筑覆盖率（％） 17 23 44

道路占地（％） 18 11 8

自然绿地（％） 0 0 0

多地面城市

2～3

30

5

70～80

25

土地冲击（％） 100 100 100

Impact to Natural Land:

100％Vs. 25％

Ganlan settlement relic in Hemudu site in Zhejiang, China

for 7,000 years.

The largest Ganlan settlement remain in Haimengkou site

in Yunnan, China for 3,000 years.

“中荷新新城”工作坊成果及华强地块设想沟通

“中荷新新城”工作坊成果及华强地块设想沟通

We worship car and are controlled by car

We Believe the Power of Explosive and Bulldozer

Master Plan

Master Plan of Sub-district

Regional Plan/Development Strategy

Regulatory/Statutory Plan

Site/outline plan

Guideline for land block

Building layout/Architect

ure proposal

Vision,

Objective,

Development Prediction,

Task distribution,

……

Status quo

Situation of low class

Demands/stakeholders/users

Feedback from market…..

Master Plan/Strategy/Regulation/

Guideline

Integrate/Moderate Urban Design

Vision, Objective

Demands/stakeholders/users/market …

Development Unit/Blocks Plan

?

Infrastructure

Transportation

Ecological

Space…

Zoning…

Local Government (city/district)

Master Plan/Strategy/Regulation

/Guideline

Integrate/Moderate Urban Design

Developers/Clients

Vision, Objective

Demands/stakeholders/users/market …

Development Unit/Blocks Plan

Chief Urban Planner(s)

Executive Departments

Urban Planners

Urban Planners

Urban Planners?

？x

Multi-Ground City for 21ST Century:Is it the time for human go back to ‘TREES’,and return the land to nature?

Thank you!

［Abstract ] Shenzhen grows with super high speed, meanwhile expending more than 90% developable land, and deteriorating environment. New infrastructure must be introduced for sustainable development if the growth could not stop . Multi-Ground City is the exploration by Shenzhen Center for Design to meet the most challenge Shenzhen faced, encourages super low impact development to co-exist with nature. The most difficulty for new model is not about technical, is about the severe path dependence. So the base of infrastructure innovation is the innovative ideology, the authoritative governance, and the integrative design.

[ 摘要］深圳以超级速度成长的同时，也以超级速度消耗了90%以上的可建设用地，恶化环境、危害健康。在发展步伐无法放慢的当下，必须以新的基础设施引导新的可持续发展模式。多地面城市就是深圳市设计促进中心针对深圳面临的最大挑战所做的探索，期冀新的开发可以以超低冲击方式与自然共存而不是非此即彼。新模式应用的最大难度不在技术，而在城市开发中严重的路径依赖，因此观念革新的强势治理与城市规划体系的彻底的开放综合，是实施创新基础设施的基础。