Мелансон Б., Нордин Д., Луиси Ж. и др. - Профессиональная...
TRANSCRIPT
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Benjamin Melancon, Allie Micka, Amye Scavarda and others
The Definitive Guide to Drupal 7
Benjamin Melancon, Jacine Luisi, Karoly Negyesi, Greg Anderson, Bojhan Somers.
Stephane Corlosquet, Stefan Freudenberg, Michelle Lauer, Ed Carlevale, Florian Loretan,
Dani Nordin, Ryan Szrama, Susan Stewart, Jake Strawn, Brian Travis, Dan Hakimzaaeh,
Amye Scavarda, Albert Albala, Allie Micka, Robert Douglass, Robin Monks,
Roy Scholten, Peter Wolanin, Kay VanValkenburgh, Greg Stout, Kasey Qynn Dolin,
Mike Gifford, Claudina Sarahe, Sam Boyer, and Forest Mars, with contributions
from George Cassie, Mike Ryan, Nathaniel Catchpole, and Dmitri Gaskin
Apress*
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Drupal
Drupal 7. , . , , . , . , . ,
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2013
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32.988.02-018
004.738.5
84
., ., . .84 Drupal 7. .: , 2013. 688 .:
.
ISBN 978-5-4461-0054-5
CMS Drupal 7, Drupal. , , 7- , , Drupal. , () , Drupal, - CMS, , , Drupal.
, , Drupal, , .
32.988.02-018
004.738.5
Apress. . ., , , . , , , .
ISBN 978-1430231356 . aPress, 2011ISBN 978-5-4461 -0054-5 , 2013
, , 2013
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I.
1. Drupal 7 ...................................... 34
2. : Drush G it......................................... 56
II.
3. Views..................................................... .70
4. ...................................................104
5. Organic Groups .............................................................122
6. Drupal.............................................................. 135
7. Drupal.....................................................................146
8. .....................................................................156
III.
9. Drupal- ......... .......................................................192
10. .................................................. 200
11. ....................................................................... 216
12. .................................................................. 222
13. .. 237
14. ............................................................... 253
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IV.
15. .........................................................................................258
16. .............................294
V.
17. ..........................................334
18. API .......................................357
19. ..................................................................406
20. Drupal 7................................................426
21. ...........................440
22. Simpletest......................... .........454
23. ....................... ........................468
VI.
24. Drupal Commerce........................................................498
25. Drush....................................................................526
26. Drupal......................................................564
27. Drupal................................................ 581
28. Drupal.......................595
29. Apache Solr Search Integration.....................608
30. : 90 % ....................... ....... 620
31. Drupal ............673
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..................................................................................................17 Drupal?.......................................................................................................17 Drupal 7 ..................................................................................................... 20 ............................................................................................25 Drupal....................................................................................28
I. 1. Drupal 7 ................................. 34
: ...........................................34.............................................................................................................38 ................................................................................ 43 ...................................................................................................... 55
2. : Drush Git.....................................56 Drush......................................................................... 57Git: ................................................................................ 62 ............................................................................. 67...................................................... ......................................................67
II. 3.
Views.............................................................................70 Views?..................................................................................................... 70 ............................................................................ 73 ................................................................................... 76 ....................................................................86 ................................................................................ 94 ........................................98 .....................................................................................................101 ........................................................................................................ 101 ..................................................................................103
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4. .......................................... 104 Drupal-...................................................104 , ......................................................................104 ........................................................................................ 105 - ............................................................................107 .......................................................................................................... 107 .................................................................................... 110 ....................................................................................... 110 .................................................................................... 114 ............................................................................................... 121
5. Organic Groups...................................................... 122 Organic Groups................................ 122 Views Organic Modules ................................ 126 ...........................................................................128 Panels......................................................................130, .............................................................................. 133............................. ............................................................................. 134
6. Drupal ...................................................... 135 Drupal................................................135 ............................................................................... 138........................................................................................................... 145
7. Drupal............................................................. 146 .................................................................................... 146........................................................................................................... 147 ........................................................................................148 Drush............................................................................ 150 diff...............................................................151 ............................................................................................152 Drush......................................................... 154............................................................................................................155
8. ............................................................. 156 ........................................................................ 156 ...................................................... ............................................163
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........................................................................168 ........................................................................................... 171 ...................................................................179 Resource........................................................................................ 180 ........................................................ 182 , .............................185 Status.................................................................. 187 URL- Pathauto............ ......................189......................................................................................................... 190
III. 9. Drupal-............................................................. 192
......................................................193 ...............................................................................................193........................................................................................................... 198
10. .......................................... 200 .................................................................................................200 ................................................................................................. 201 ............................................................... 204 .................................................................................... 206 ...................................209 ............................................................... 212 ..................................................................................215
11. .................................................................216
?............................................................... 216 .........................................................216 ...................................................217 .................................................................... 218 .....................................................220 .........................................................................221............................................................................................................221
12. ............................................................. 222 Quickstart.................................................................................222 .........................................................................224
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.................................................................................228...........................................................................................................236
13. ..........................................................237
.....................................................................................237 .....................................................................................242 ....................................................................244...........................................................................................................252
14. .........................................................253 ................................................................................................. 253 .....................................................................................253 .......................................................................................254 ............................................................................................. 255
IV. 15. ....................................................... .............................258
.....................................................................................258 .....................................................................................262 ................................................................................................ 265 ............................................................................................. 269 ................................................................................................. 279 ..........................................................................................................286 .......................................................................... 289...........................................................................................................293
16. ................... 294 .................................................................. 294 ......................................... 296Render API.............................................................................................................. 303 render(), hide() show()....................................................................... 308 .....................................................................................310CSS-...........................................................................................................320 ..................................................................................326 ............................................... 329...........................................................................................................332
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V. 17. ................................... 334
............................................. .......................................... 334 .............................................................................................347...........................................................................................................356
18. API ..............................357 ........................................................................................357 t() format_plural()..................................360 ........................................................................................ 361 hook_menu() ......................................368 ............................ 373 377 .............................................................................. 378 ........................ 379 ............................................................ 381 Drupal .................................................. 383 : CSS-....................... ........................385API .................................................................................................... 387 ................. ........................................400 ........................................................................................404...........................................................................................................405
19. ............................................................406 ............................................406 ........................................................................... 412 ................................................................................ 414 ...........................................418 ..............................................................................................419.......................................................................................................... 425
20. Drupal 7 .......................................426 ................................................................................. 426 ...................................................................................... 429 Drupal.org........................................................ 438
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21. ..................440 ....................................................................................... 440 ........................................................................................................................ 441.....................................................................................................................442 .....................................................................445 jQuery UI............................................................................................448 ...................................................449........................................................................................................... 453
22. Simpletest.......................... 454
Simpletest....................................................................................... 455 Simpletest................................................................. 455 ................................................................. 456 Simpletest....................................................................................... 456 .................................................................................... 457 .test........................... ............................................................... 458 ............................................................................462Simpletests ........................................................................................... 464API Simpletest ...................................................... 465 Drupal.org ................................................466........................................................................................................... 467
23. .......................................... 468 ............................................................................469 Drupal-...........................................................470 API?..................................................... 471 .........................................................................472 ....................................................................... 474 .....................................................................................................476 ........................................................................................ 482 ........................................................................................... 484 .............................................. 490 .....................................................................493 ............................................................................................495
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VI. 24. Drupal Commerce................................................. 498
Drupal Commerce .....................................................................498 ...............................................................498 Drupal Commerce.......................................................................499 Drupal Commerce........................................................................... 517 ........................................................................................... 518 Drupal 7 ..........................................................................................520...........................................................................................................525
25. Drush............................................................. 526 Drush........................................................................................527 Drush ...............................................................533 Drush.....................................................................536 Drush .........................................538 Drush ..................................................... 540 Drush.......................................................................547 Drush........................................................................................556...........................................................................................................563
26. Drupal............................................... 564 ?.................................................. 564......................................................................................................................... 565 memcached .....................................................................................567 Varnish.............................................................................................. 568 ........................................................... ..............................................568 MongoDB........................................................................................575................................................................. ......................................580
27. Drupal........................................ 581 Drupal ...................................................................581 ........................................................................... 585 ..........................................................................................590 ..................................................... 592...........................................................................................................594
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28. Drupal............ 595............................................................................................................... 595 .................................................................................601.......................................................................................................... 607
29. Apache Solr Search Integration...........608API Search................................................................................................612 Apache Solr Search..............................................614 Apache Solr Search............................................................. 616 Apache Solr.................................................................618.......................................................................................................... 619
30. : 90 % .......................... 620 .....................................................................620 .....................................................................................623 ..................................................... 626 Drupal.org Twitter .................................................................................... 629 CSS.................................. 637 Add New .........................................638 .................................................. 642 Next Previous, ........................... 665 URL-........................ 671........................................................................................................... 671
31. Drupal .. 673 ................................................................................................. 673 ..................................................................675 : Features.................................................... 680 ........................................................................................... 685 ................................................................................................... 686...........................................................................................................687
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Home * Adm inistrate Structure Content types, * Suggestion
S u ggestion manage fields m anaged _
^ The content type Suggestion has been added.
Show row weights
LABEL NAME REID WIOCET OPERATIONS
* Title
4* Body
^ Add new field
title Node module element
body Long text and summary Text area, with a summary edit delete
ExplanationLabe!
; Add existing field
fields explanation Long text j
Reid name (a~z* 0-9, J Type of data to store.
1 Text area {muitipte rows.) %Form siemens m edrt the data.
Label
f - Select m existing fieid - $Field to share
Setect a widget - : % Form eiennent to edit the data.
Save
. 1.8 . Explanation. field explanation ( field_ )
-
46 1. Drupal 7
, , Explanation. Label Add new field , Long text. Label ; Drupal. long text ; text .
Drupal. , . , , . , 15 16.
Save , Save field settings, long text . ( , , Drupal 8; drupal.org/node/552604.)
, . 1.9, . , Required field. , . Help text , Explanation. Rows 3, , . Text processing Plain text, . ( Plain text Filtered text .) Number of values ( , !) Save settings. .
SUGGESTION SETTINGS
These settings apply only to the Explanation field when used in the Suggestion type.
Label *
Explanation
Q Required field
Help text
Optional background or rationale on why the above text should go in the Definitive Guide to Drupal.
instructions to present to the user below this field on the editing form.Allowed HTML tags
Rows *
S Z I Z Z I Z Z Text processing
Plain text
Filtered text (user selects text format)
. 1 .9 . long text
-
47
Drupal, , .
URL- . . , . , . Basic page, Drupal . Add content Basic page (node/add/page).
DRUPAL 7 Add content ( Drupal 6 Create content) , . , , Content.
Title Drupal 7, Body -. , Text format Full HTML
Provide a menu link, . 1.10: Menu link title , Description , . , 5 Weight, . !
M enu settings; Buy the Book
Provide a menu link
Book outline Menu link title
1..... .... ............................. :Revision Inform ation
Buy the Book
: Nerw revision Description
URL path settings Purchasing the Definitive Guide to Drupal 7.
; Alias: purchase
Com m ent se ttings ; Shown when hovering over the menu link.
\ ClosedParent Item
Authoring Inform ation | cMain menu> i By -' on
Weighti i
i Menu links with smaller weights are displayed btfore finks with larger weights
; 2010-07-0? 06:36:03 -0400
Publishing op tions| Published
. 1.10.
URL- ( , , node/1). URL path settings URL alias purchase. . 1.10 .
-
48 1. Drupal 7
. 1.10 , Revision information New revision. , . 4 , Content Type Overview.
, .
, . Add content, Title Body. Publishing options Promoted to front page Sticky at top of lists, . 1.11. . , ( ).
Submission form settingsDefault options
Publishing options PublishedDisplay setting's Q Promoted to front pageComment strttfngs o Sticky at top of listsOpen. Tftttssrfing . 50 sor>iswji>ts jwjr page
Create new revisionMenu settings
Users with the Administer content permission wtli be able to override these options.
. 1 .11 .
Drupal ?, Promoted to front page . , , . Drupal, Content (admin/content).
: , . . . Drupal 7 ; , Structure Blocks (admin/structure/block). , . ( , , ).
. . Blocks Add block. Block description Mission statement ( ). Block title , Block body , . 1.12.
-
49
Block description *Mission statement
A brief description of your block. Used on the Blocks administration page.
Block title
The title of the block as shown to the user.
Block body *The Definitive Guide to Drupal 7 accelerates people along the Drupal learning curve by covering all aspects of building
web sites with Drupal: architecture and configuration; module development; front end development; running projects
sustainably; and contributing to Dnjpal's code, documentation, and community.
. 1 .12 . / ( ) admin/structure/block/add
DRUPAL 7 Drupal 4.0, 2002 , (General settings). Drupal 7 .
, Region settings, Highlighted; Bartik . Visibility Pages, Show block on specific pages Only the listed pages. , . 1.13. Save block.
Visibility settings
Pagesi Restricted to certain pages Show block on specific pages
All pages except those listed
% Only the listed pagesContent types Not restricted
Roles; Not restricted
UsersNot customizable
Specify pages by using their paths. Enter one path per Hne, The character is a wildcard, Example paths are btog for the blog page and /* for every personal blog, is the front page.
Save block
. 1 .13 . Mission Statement
, .
Drupal , . , , , , , .
-
50 1. Drupal 7
DGD7 , , . 1.14. Recent content Recent comments Sidebar first ( , . 1.15) .
The Definitive Guide to Drupal 7 accelerates people along the Drupal learning curve by covering all aspects of building web sites with Drupal: architecture and configuration; module development; front end development; running projects sustainably; and contributing to Drupals code, documentation, and community.
The Definitive Guide?"Definitive" is quite a claim to make. Not everyone who works in Drupal is good at all of it, or even can know about all of it Which is fantastic news for us, the readers and users of this book.
No one expert in all areas, and so there are many onramps and avenues to becoming a Drupal expert. This multi-author book gives many of these at the same time as providing an essential overview. Together, we will learn how to think about and approach Drupal 7 and future releases.
. 1 .14. , Mission Statement
/ l \ * The changes to these blocks wilt not be saved until the Save blocks button is clicked.
'BLOCK REGION OPERATIONS
Header
No blocks in this region
Help
; System help *> ............z i configure
Highlighted
i 4 Mission statement Hkjhtighted configure delete
Featured
No blocks in this region
Content
4* Main page content Content jji configure
Sidebar first
4* Recent comments* Sidebar first configure
Recent contem Sidebar first configure i]
. 1 .15. Recent comments Sidebar first,
, . , , . None Disabled.
Recent comments
There's a drush command for that! months l week ago
There are some who say that 2 months i week ago
Putting the site online 4 months weeks ago
Additional background 7 months l week ago
Recent content
Disabling Overlay Module Benjamin
-
51
: Drupal Taxonomy. ( ) . , , , , , (free tagging). , . ; , .
. taxonomy/ term/8, 8 . , , . , . ( 3 Views). , , , , .
, , Drupal . Suggestion; , .
Structure Taxonomy (admin/structure/taxonomy) Add vocabulary . , Book element. edit element, . 1.16. Description, , , Content or concepts in, or suggested for, the book ( ). .
Name *Book element
Machine-readable name *element
A unique machine-readable name. Can only contain lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores.
DescriptionContent or concepts in (or suggested for) the book.
Save
. 1 .16 . Book element Taxonomy
, Add term. :
AlexHighlight
-
52 1. Drupal 7
Tip (); Note (); Gotcha (); Caution (); Reality (); New in Drupal 7 (); Concept (); Anecdote ().
Status : Dont waste pixels on it ( ); If theres room ( ); Slated to go in ( ); Already in the book ( ).
Suggestion . , , , Title Body.
Structure Content types. Manage fields Suggestion. Add new field Label Book element, Field name element, Term reference. . Check boxes/radio buttons, . 1.17. Save.
** Add new field
Book element) fie!d_ dement Term reference ^ | Check boxes/radio buttons dLabef Reid name (a-z, 0-9, J ' Type of data to store. Form element to edit the data.
. 1 .17 . Term reference
Number of values Check boxes/radio buttons , . 2 .
, , Book elements Save field settings. Required field .
Drupal 7 . , , Location , , .
Status Suggestion, , Required field.
, , Add content ( ) Suggestion. . , . !
-
53
, Structure Contenttypes Manage Suggestion Fields (admin/structure/types/manage/suggestion/fields), . ( Display fields). Save.
, DGD7, . ? Drupal .
, Drupal . . Drupal , .
Drupal 7 people (). , , - user (). (user settings).
Drupal : (anonymous user) ,
. (authenticated user) ,
. (administrator)
. ; Drupal.
, . , Drupal, . , Configuration People Account settings (admin/config/people/accounts).
, . , , . , , , , editor .
, . , , , . , . , .
DGD7 , .
-
54 1. Drupal 7
. . , .
. People Permissions Roles (admin/people/permissions/roles). , , author Add role, . 1.18.
NAME OPERATIONS
4. anonymous user docked)
: * authenticated user docked)
; ' administrator
autborj Add roie
edit permissions
edit permissions
edit role edit permissions
. 1 .18 . .
, Drupal , , . , . admin/config/people/accounts, admin/people/create.
DGD7 , Status , . 8 Field Permissions, : , Status .
Edit permissions . , Permissions. , . , author, . , .
, , , Taxonomy, Status. : Access the content overview page ( ). Create new Basic page content ( ). Edit own Basic page content ( ). Edit any Basic page content ( ). Create new Suggestion content ( ). Edit own Suggestion content ( ). Edit any Suggestion content ( ). Use the administration pages and help ( ). Use the administration toolbar ( ).
, author , . People .
-
55
Add user. . , Drupal , . (, , , , ; , , 12.)
. Update options, . 1.19.
UPDATE OPTIONS
Unblock the selected users M| Update! Unblock the selected users I Block the selected users J Cancel the selected user accounts (A dd a role to the selected users 1 administrator
ROLES
author 1IRemove a rote from the selected usersI administrator i author
je administrator
. 1 .19. author
, Drupal 7! , Drupal , . Drupal, . .
, : Drupal 7 . . Mission
Statement . , . ,
.
Drush Git, Drupal . ( 12, .) 3 Drupal Views. 4 ( ) Drupal 7. . 8 DGD7.
dgd7.org/firstsite.
-
2. : Drush Git
, .
, Drupal, , Drush ( Drupal) Git ( ) . Drush Git , . Drush , 25.
Drush? . ? drush up. ? drush dl _. Drush (. 2.1).
Dani-Nordins-HacBook-Pro:*' Deni$ cd 0ropbox/MAHP/drupal7 Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:drupal7 Danii drush up Refreshing update status information ...Done.Update information last refreshed: Fri, 01/21/2011 - 17:40
Update status information on all installed and enabled Drupal projects:Name Installed Proposed Status
version versionBackup 7.X-2.0 7.X-2.0 Up to dateandMigrateDrupal 7.0 7.0 Up to datecoreChaos 7.x-1.0-alph 7.x-1.0-alph Up to datetool 32 a2suitePathauto 7.x-1.0-alph 7.x-1.0-beta Update available
a2 1Token 7.x-1.0-alph 7.x-1.0-beta Update available
a3 1Views 7.X-3.0-alph 7.x-3.0-alph Up to date
al alWysiwyg 7.X-2.0 7.X-2.0 Up to dateBoron 7.x-1.0-beta 7.x-1.0-beta Up to date(HTML5 1 1basetheme)NineSixt 7.x-l.x-dev 7.x-l.x-dev Update available (960GridSystem)
Code updates will be made to the following projects: Pathauto [pathauto-7.x-1.0-betal], To ken [token-7.x-1.0-betal], NineSixty (960 Grid System) (ninesixty-7.x-l.x~devj
. 2 .1 . Drupal drush up 30 , 15 ,
Git . , (Version Control System, VCS), . , , : -
-
Drush 57
, , ? . , . .
, , VCS. , , Internet Explorer, . . , . Drush Git.
Git , Drupal, , .
DrushDrush , Drupal , . . Drupal Drush - . , , .
. - .
. Mac OSX Ubuntu
. , Ubuntu Drupal.
. Drush Git . Mac OSX Coda Panic ( www.panic.com/coda/), Terminal. , .
, Drush, , ( Drupal). Drupal. Drush (. )
. cd/path/to/drupal ( /path/to/drupal Drupal ). Drush- drush _.
-
58 2. : Drush Git
Drush- Drupal , ( sites/default); , c d /p a th /to /d ru p a l/s ite s / example.com -1 h t tp : / /exam ple. com.
Drush Date. , cd Dropbox/MAMP/dgd7, Drupal ( ):
Last login: Fri Jan 21 17:40:08 on ttys000 Dani-Nordins-HacBook-Pro:*' Dani$ cd Dropbox/MAMP/dgd7 Dani-Nordins~MacBook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ drush dl dateProject date (7,x-1.0-alpha2) downloaded to /Users/Dani/Dropbox/HAHP/dgd7/sites/all/inodules/date.Project date contains 6 modules: date_views, date_tools, date_repeat, date_popup , date.api, date.Dani-Nordins-HacBook-Pro:dgd7 Oani$ drush pm-enable date The following extensions will be enabled: date_api, date Do you really want to continue? (y/n):
Dani-Nordins-Hac8ook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ |
date was enabled successfully, date.api was enabled successfully.
(Laura Scott) ; Drush. Mac OS X, Unix- .
1. Drush Drush drupal.org/project/drush. Drush Drupal, , . 2.2. (Drush , !)
Drush was originally developed by Arto for Drupal 4.7 (this alpha code can still be found in the DRUPAL -4 -7 branch). In May 2007, it was partly rewritten and redesigned for Drupal 5 byfrando. The module is now maintained by Moshe Wests man, Owen Barton, .Adrian Rossouw, greg.l.anderson, and jonhatian.
Project Information
Maintenance status: Actively maintained Development status: Under active developmentModule categories: DrushReported installs: 1284 sites currently report using this module. View usage statistics.Last modified: January 6, 201.1
DownloadsRecommended releases
Version Downloads
All*-versions-4.1 tar.grAil~versions3 3 tar,gf
Development releases
Version Dow)
Al I -v rs ion s - 3. x -dev tar.gi
Date
View ail releases
Open Link in New Tab
Open Link in New Window
Open Link in Incognito Window
Save Link As...
Copy Link Address
Inspect Element
SOHO Notes Open
links
n-ll Notes|g ~ l l Notes
Links
*9-1 Notes
. 2 .2 . Drush-. Recommended releases
-
Drush 59
tar , home. dev .
. drush , README.txt. !
, Terminal, tar.gz home, . 2.3. **.wget http://ftp.drupal.0rg/files/pr0jects/drush-7 .x-4 .4 .tar.gz;** Drush - wget **tar xzf drush-7.x-4.4.tar.gz;** **rm drush-7.x-4.4.tar.gz;** **
D a n i -N o r d in s -M a c B o o k -P r o : - D a n i$ w g e t h t t p : / / f t p . d r u p a l . o r g / f i l e s / p r o j e c t s / d r u s h - A l l - v e r s i o n s - 4 . 1 . t a r . g z 2 0 1 1 - 0 1 - 2 1 1 8 : 2 2 : 5 2 h t t p : / / f t p . d r u p a l . o r g / f i l e s / p r o 3 e c t s / d r u s h - A l l - v e r s i o n s - 4 . 1 . t a r . g zR e s o lv in g f t p . d r u p a l . o r g . . . 6 4 . 5 0 . 2 3 3 . 1 0 0 , 6 4 . 5 0 . 2 3 6 . 5 2 C o n n e c tin g to f t p . d r u p a l . o r g | 6 4 . 5 0 . 2 3 3 . 1 0 0 | : 8 0 . . . c o n n e c te d .HTTP r e q u e s t s e n t , a w a i t in g r e s p o n s e . . . 2 0 0 OK L e n g th : 2 4 3 7 1 1 (2 3 8 K ) [ a p p l i c a t i o n / x - g z i p ]S a v in g t o : ' d r u s h - A l l - v e r s i o n s - 4 . 1 . t a r . g z *
1 0 0 % 2 4 3 , 7 1 1 9 7 3 K /S i n 0 .2 s
2 0 1 1 - 0 1 - 2 1 1 8 : 2 2 : 5 2 (9 7 3 K B /s ) - ' d r u s h - A l l - v e r s i o n s - 4 . 1 . t a r . g z ' s av ed [ 2 4 3 7 1 1 /2 4 3 7 1 1 ]
D a n i-N o r d in s -M a c B o o k -P r o :* * D a n i i t a r x z f d r u s h - A l l - v e r s i o n s - 4 . 1 . t a r . g z D a n i-N o r d in s -H a c B o o k -P r o :~ D a n i$ rm d r u s h - A l l - v e r s i o n s - 4 . 1 . t a r . g z O a n i- N o r d in s - H a c B o o k -P r o :^ D a n i$ |
. 2.3. Drush . Drush
2. Drush . , , Drush .
. home, Finder.
Drush , . chmod u+x /path/to/drush/drush ( /path/
to/ Drush). Drush dev, , : chmod u+x dev/drush/drush
, Drush , , drush (, , ).
. , . bash Drush, .
-
60 2. : Drush Git
UNIX home :- ( ).
bash home. , :
cd ~
bash , home, :Is -
, , , . 2.4. (.); :.profile.bash_aliases.bashrc.bash_profile
Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro Oani-Nordins-HacBook-P
Dani$ cd - Dani$ Is -a
.drush Documents
.freemind Downloads.AB64CF89 .gem Dropbox.CFUserTextEncoding .gitconfig FontExplorer X.DS_Store .hAWabAzAr Library.Trash .htaccess Movies.adobe .realobjects Music.bash_history . rnd Pictures,bash_profile .ssh Public.crash_report_checksum .subversion Sites.crash_report_frames .viminfo drush.crash_report_preview .wdswlock drush-backups. cups Applications qtm-blog.dropbox Desktop Dani-Nordins-HacBook-Pro:*"' Dani$ |
. 2 .4 . Is home
bash . , , nano ( UNIX).
( . bash_prof ile). nano .
: nano .bash_profile
. . , , , : alias drush='/path/to/drush/drush'
/path/to/ . home? , . 2.5. alias drush= Wdev/drush/drush'
Jxport PATH=$PATH:/Users/Dani/drush
Get W n t e O a g Read Fffl Prev Cut Cur Pos I Exit J u s t i f y Where Next PgQ UnCut gy To Spell
. 2 .5 . drush: drush PATH .bash_profile .profile
-
Drush 6 1
, Ctrl+x, y(es) Enter. .
bash source . : source .bash_profile
4. . . :drush
Drush-. ! (, , !) . 2.6.
Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:^ Oani$ cd Dropbox/MAMP/dgd7 Dani-Nordins-HacBook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ drushExecute a drush command. Run 'drush help (command]' to view command-specific help. Run "drush topic' to read even more documentation.
Global options (see 'drush -r , root=
-I http://exanple.com, urihttp://example.com - V , verbose
-d, debug
-y, yes
-n, no - 5 r simulate
-p. pipe
-h, help version php
Core drush commands: cache-clear (cc) core-cli (cli) re-cron (cron)
core-rsync (rsync) core-status (status, st)core-topic (topic) drupal-directory (dd) help
image-flush php-eval (eval, ev)
topic' for the full list):Drupal root directory to use (default: current directory)URI of the drupal site to use (only needed in multisite environments) Display extra information about the command.Display even more information, including internal messages.Assume yes* as answer to all promptsAssume 'no* as answer to all prompts Simulate all relevant actions (don't actually change the system)Emit a compact representation of the command for scripting.This help system.Show drush version.The absolute path to your PHP intepreter, if not 'php' in the path.
(core)Clear a specific cache, or all drupal caches.Enter a new shell optimized for drush use.Run all cron hooks in all active modules for specified site.Rsync the Drupal tree to/from another server using ssh. Provides a birds-eye view of the current Drupal installation, if any.Read detailed documentation on a given topic.Return path to a given module/theme directory.
Print this help message. See 'drush help help' for more options.Flush all derived images for a given style.Evaluate arbitrary php code after bootstrapping Drupal
. 2.6. !
, Drupal. , Drupal, : cd /path/to/drupal
, - . drush dl . , Drush , . , - . drush up. Drush 25.
-
62 2. : Drush Git
Git: - . , , , . , .
. 14 , ( ) .
Git? . Git. , -, , , Drupal.org. , , Git. . Git Drupal-.
The latest stable Git release is
release notes (2011 m -os)
Other OQwnjoad Ogtlgns&&
Download Git
$ g it clone g i t ; //g ithub.com /gH /hello-w orId .g it $ cd (p ro jec t-d irecto ry )$ cd hello-world $ git inft$ (edit files) $ (add some files)t git add (files) $ git add .$ g it eosmit -m 4Explain what I changed' $ g it commit -m I n i t ia l emit*$ g it fonsat-patch origin/m aster
Windows MacOSX
Git is...Git is a free A open source, distributed version controlsystem designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.
Every Git is a futf-fiedged repository with complete history and full revision tracking capabilities, not dependent on network access or a central server. Branching and merging are fast and easy to do.
Git is used for version control of files, much like tools such as Mercurial. Bazaar. Subversion. CVS. Perforce, and
Cloning and Creating a Patch
Projects using Git
* m* UaaJSsmfii
KDE
Qi
PostgreSQL
Debian
X.orq
Creating and Commiting
. 2 .7 . Git. ,
-
Git: 63
, (Distributed Version Control System, DVCS). , Drupal.org Bazaar Mecurial ( Bazaar). Drupal- Git.
Git . , , gitscm.com. , , . 2.7.
, UNIX- , . , Debian Ubuntu sudo apt-get install git. Mac OS X Homebrew (mxcl.github. com/homebrew) . Windows Git code.google.com/p/msysgit UNIX- Cygwin.
Git . Git , , Applications. . ( Windows start Git-.) git. drush, (. 2.8).
L a s t lo g in : F r i Jan 21 1 0 :4 8 :5 5 on c o n so le ,O a n i-N o rd in s -H a c B o o k -P ro :** D a n i$ g i tusage: g i t I v e r s io n ) [ e x e c -p a th [ < p a th > ] ] ( h tm l-p a th ]
[_ p i p a g in a t e | n o -p a g e r) I n o -r e p la c e -o b je c ts ][ b a re ] I g i t - d i r * < p a t h > ) t w o rk - tre e = < p a th > ][ nam e=value] I h e lp ] [< a rg s > ]
The most commonly used g i t commands a r e :add Add f i l e c o n te n ts to th e in d e xb is e c t F in d by b in a ry s e a rc h th e change th a t in tro d u c e d a bugbran ch L i s t , c r e a te , o r d e le te b ranchesch ec k o u t Checkout a b ranch o r p a th s to th e w o rk in g t r e ec lo n e C lone a r e p o s ito r y in t o a new d i r e c t o r ycommit Record changes to th e r e p o s ito r yd i f f Show changes betw een com m its, commit and w o rk in g t r e e , e tcfe tc h Download o b je c ts and r e fs from a n o th e r r e p o s ito r yg re p P r in t l in e s m a tch in g a p a t te r ni n i t C re a te an em pty g i t r e p o s ito r y o r r e i n i t i a l i z e an e x is t in g onelo g Show commit lo g smerge J o in two o r more deve lopm ent h is t o r i e s to g e th e rmy Hove o r rename a f i l e , a d i r e c t o r y , o r a s y m lin kp u l l F e tc h from and merge w ith a n o th e r r e p o s ito r y o r a lo c a l b ranchpush U pdate rem ote r e fs a lo n g w ith a s s o c ia te d o b je c tsre b as e F o r v a r d -p o r t lo c a l com m its to th e updated upstream headr e s e t R e se t c u r r e n t HEAD to th e s p e c i f ie d s t a term Remove f i l e s from th e w o rk in g t r e e and from th e in d e xshow Show v a r io u s ty p e s o f o b je c tss ta tu s Show th e w o rk in g t r e e s ta tu sta g C r e a te , l i s t , d e le te o r v e r i f y a ta g o b je c t s ig n ed w ith GPG
See g i t h e lp ' f o r more in fo r m a t io n on a s p e c i f ic command. D a n i-N o rd in s -H a c B o o k -P ro :* ' D an i$ |
. 2 .8 . git
-
64 2. : Drush Git
git git , ( File Quit, Cmd+Q) .
GitGit . , . Git- Drupal. , . , , . , SmartGit, drupal. org/node/777182. Mac OS X Tower (git-tower.com).
Git- dgd7.org/git.
: , , :git config --global user.name "Your Name" git config --global user.email [email protected]
.
Git . - . g it in it . ( cd). .
, - DGD7, 1. :cd ~/code/dgd7 git init
Drupal- .git, . 2.9. .
See git help ' for more information on a specific command.Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:"' Dani$ cd -/Dropbox/MAMP Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:MAMP Dani$ cd dgd7 Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ git initInitialized empty Git repository in /Users/Dani/Dropbox/MAMP/dgd7/.git/ Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:dgd7 Oani$ |
. 2 .9 .
, . ,
-
Git: 65
, CSS- . , , . ( ) . , , .
. git add . . Git, ( ) . , , git status (. 2.10).
Dani-Nordins-HacBook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ git add .Dani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ git status# On branch master## Initial commit## Changes to be committed:# (use git rm cached ..." to unstage)
new file: .htaccessnew file: CHANGEL0G.txtnew file: COPYRIGHT.txtnew file: INSTALL.mysql.txtnew file: INSTALL.pgsql.txtnew file: INSTALL.sqlite.txtnew file: INSTALL.txtnew file: LICENSE.txtnew file: MAINTAINERS.txtnew file: README.txtnew file: UPGRA0E.txtnew file: authorize.phpnew file: cron.phpnew file: includes/actions.incnew file: includes/ajax.incnew file: includes/archiver, incnew file: includes/authorize.incnew file: includes/batch.incnew file: includes/batch.queue.inc
. 2 .1 0 . DGD7
, . git commit, . 2.11. ; Git . , - . , , (, - DGD7). , :git add . git statusgit commit -m " "
, . , ; Git .
(. 14). , (, ) .
-
66 2. : Drush Git
0ani-Nordins-MacBook-Pro:dgd7 Dani$ flit commit -m "Initial commit of files for 0607 demo site** [master (root-commit) ddScSd4] Initial commit of files for 0G07 demo site 20S2 files changed. 461943 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 108644 .htaccess create mode 100644 CHANGELOG.txt create mode 190644 COPYRIGHT.txt create mode 100644 INSTALL.mysql.txt create mode 100644 INSTALL.pgsql.txt create mode 100644 lNSTALL.sqlite.txt create mode 100644 INSTALL.txt create mode 100644 LIC0ISE.txt create mode 100644 MAINTAINERS.txt create mode 100644 README.txt create mode 100644 UPGRADE.txt create mode 100644 authorize.php create mode 100644 cron.php create mode 100644 includes/actions.inc create mode 100644 includes/ajax.inc create mode 100644 includes/archiver.inc create node 100644 includes/authorize.inc create mode 100644 includes/batch.inc create mode 100644 includes/batch.queue.inc create mode 100644 includes/bootstrap.inc create mode 100644 includes/cache-install.inc create mode 100644 includes/cache.inc create mode 100644 includes/common.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/database.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/log.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/mysql/database.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/mysql/install.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/mysql/query.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/mysql/schema.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/pgsql/database.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/pgsql/install.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/pgsql/query.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/pgsql/schema.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/pgsql/select.inc create mode 100644 includes/database/prefetch.inc
. 2.11. DGD7
GitGit . , , , , :git reset --hard HEAD
, .
, , : git checkout -- path/to/HNmaMa.php
-php . , : git revert HEAD
( ) :git revert HEADA
Git-, Git, , :
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67
git status , .
git log . , git log - -pretty=oneline. , git log --pretty=oneline -n5 , , . :q, .
git checkout mymodule.info ( ). Git- man git.
Git , . , , . Drupal ( ) , .
Drupal Git Backup, github.com/scor/dgb, . 12.
, Backup and Migrate (drupal.org/project/backup_migrate), , .
Drush, drush sql-dump > /path/to/.sql
. , Drush ; , . Drupal Git Backup, 25 , . , drush .
, , ( !) . , , . .
dgd7. org/essential.
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II. 3 Drupal- Views. , .
4 ( ), Drupal-, .
5 Organic Groups, . Panels, , Views.
6 , .
7 Drupal.
8 , 1, , , , . , Drupal, .
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3. Views
Views . , - -, , , . . , , .
Views , . . . Views, ; , ! Views .
Views? , . (view) , . , .
Views Drupal , . , , .
Views (Earl Miles), drupal.org merlinofchaos. drupal.org/project/views , .
, , . Views , .
drupal.org/pwject/views
Drupal, Views . . , , , .
, Views . . , , .
, Views, ,
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Views? 71
, , . , , , . Views , .
Views Views: -; ; , , ; ; (. 3.1).
Post date Published Title Type
Sun, 01/10/2010 12 38 Yes Gemino Magna Pals Basic page
Tue, 01/12/2010 -15:36 Yes Expiito M g s Si Sit Basic page
Sun. 01/17/2010 -18:07 Yes Jus Mgs Mibh Basie page
Mon, 01/18/2010 - 1 3 40 Yes Et Humo ibidem Lobortis Basic page
Wed, 01/20/2010 - 06:15 Yes Altquam Camur Inure Turn Article
Sat, 01/23/2010 -11:50 Yes Eum Ibidem Melior Vei Basic page
Mon, 01/25/2010 -12:24 Yes Exputo Feugiat PaJa Article
. 3.1 .
, . , Views .
, (page) (block). URL- , .
9 Views , .
drupal.org/project/views. Downloads, Recommend releases. , Drupal, 7.-3., (tar.gz zip).
. sites/all/modules/contrib sites/all/modules. Views sites/all/modules/contrib/views sites/ all/modules/views. ( Drush, 2).
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72 3. Views
, ( user/1). , admin Modules.
Views. : Views, Views exporter Views UI. Views , CTools. , enabled. CTools, , disabled. , , missing. Drupal , , .
, , CTools drupal.org/ project/ctools. ctools . /sites/all/modules, , CTools sites/all/modules/ctools.
CTools (Chaos Tools Suite) .
Modules (admin/modules) Refresh. Views. CTools disabled, . 3.2. Views. Views Views UI .
- VIEWS
ENABLED ; NAME I VERSION DESCRIPTION j OPERATIONS
Views7
Create customized lists and queries from your database.Requires: Chaos toots (disabled)Required by: Views content panes (disabled), Views exporter (disabled), Views UI (disabled)
Viewsexporter
7 Allows exporting multiple views at once. Requires: Views (disabled), Chaos tools (disabled)
0 Views UI7 Administrative interface to views. Without this
module, you cannot create or edit your views. Requires: Views (disabled). Chaos tools (disabled)
. 3 .2 . . ,
Views exporter .
Views , Drupal :
You must enable the Chaos tools module to install Views UI. Would you like to continue with the above? ( Views UI Chaos tools. , ?)Please Continue. (, )
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73
Drupal (. 1 8). . (anonymous user), (authenticated user), , .
. .
Administrative People Permissions. Views. Views : Administer views Access all views.
Permissions Views. Views .
Administer views Views, , . , . Administer Administrator.
Bypass views access control. , . , Access all views. , , , .
, Authenticated User Anonymous User , Administrator . - , Save permissions.
. , : , Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer. .
! Views . .
Administration Structure Views (admin/structure/views). , .
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74 3. Views
Advanced Help Advanced Help, , . 3.3.
If you install the advanced help module from http://drupal.org/project/advanced.heiprViews will provide more and better help. Hide this message.
. 3 .3 . , Advanced Help
Advanced Help , . drupal.org/project/advanced_help Hide this message.
Add new view Import . .
. , . View Name, Tag Path. , .
Settings . Show filters on the list of views Save.
Search, , , . 3.1. 3 .1 .
Tags ( ),
Displays , : URL-, ,
Types , : , ,
Storage : , , ( )
Status
, Reset , (. 3.4).
Search Reset
Filter ; All tags - ; All displays \ All types - All storage \ All status j$;
. 3 .4 .
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75
Views , . . .
(. 3.5).
.1. ?
, .
(machine name).2. ?
, , .
.3. ?
. , . , , , , internal.
4. , , ? . , URL-
. Drupal , . , http://www.example.com/archive, archive.
5. ? . /
Views. , . , .
clone export, .
, . Enable, , , , .
1 6 2 3 4 5
enable
. 3 .5 .
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76 3. Views
6. ? .
, - ? . , - .
7. ? . In code .
. Database overriding code
, . In database ,
.8. ?
, , , , . .
, (admin/structure/views) . . 3.2 , Views. . , , , . .
3 .2 . Views
Archive ,
Backlinks , ,
Front page Drupal.
,
Glossary Recent comments
Taxonomy term Tracker ,
Views . . , , .
. Front page. Operations Enable. , Edit.
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77
, . Edit. .
, , , , .
Disable. , . , .
Clone. , . . . .
Export. . , . .
, , .
Edit Front page, . 3.6.
Front page Emulates the default Drupal front default frontpage, rss.xml edit * 'Displays. Feed, Page page; you may set the default home disableIn code page path to this view to make it cloneType: Content your front page.
export 1
. 3 .6 .
Edit . Front page. . , . 3.7.
D isplays
1 ^*Add : edst nam e and description -
analyze
Page details done
Display name: Pageexport
. 3 .7 . (),
Front page : () Feed (). +Add, . , .
. clone export , . :
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78 3. Views
Edit name and description. . 3.8 , , . . . Views , . , , , .
View name and description
Human-readable name _ __ ____Front page
A descriptive hum an-readable name for this view Spaces are allowed
View tag _ ______ _.default O;Enter an optional tag for this view, it is used only to help sort views on the administrative p age
View description ________ _ _; Emulates the default Drupal front page; you may set the default hon;This description will a p p ear on the Views administrative Ul to tell you what the view is about
Apply ^ Cancel
. 3 .8 . ,
Analyze. .
. . 3.9 , , , . , . , , . , , .
Page details
Display name: Page clone page
TITtE PAGE SETTINGS A dvan ced
Title None Path: frontpage
FORMAT Menu: No menu
Format. Unformatted lisi ; Settings Access: None
Show: Content ; Teaser HEADER dd
FU.TER CRITERIA add - FOOTER add
Content Promoted to front page (Yes) PACERContent: Published (Yes) Use pager: Full > Paged, 1 0 items> SORT CRTTERIA add
Content: Siicky (desc)
Content: Post date (desc)
. 3 .9 .
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79
, .
Display Name, , .
. : Name ().
. , . , : , , , . block. , , Block: 5 recent (: 5 ) Block: 5 random (: 5 ).
Description (). , .
Title . , 1, . . Title . 3.10 : For .
, This page (override). All displays (except overridden) .
Title .
Page: The title of this viewFor All displays (except overridden)^
This title wtll be displayed with the view, wherever titles are normally