阿波羅：古希臘的醫神Apollo ： the God of Healing

in Ancient Greece

陳玲華

台大外文系副教授[醫學與人文 2010年 12月 ]

第 11單元

OutlineI. Apollo in the Hippocratic OathII. Apollo, the god of healing (The Iliad)

III. The cult of ApolloIV. Apollo’s divine family ˙ father: Zeus ˙uncles: Poseidon, Hades ˙mother: Leto ˙sister: Artemis ˙son: Asclepius, the god of medicineV. Apollo’s unhappy love ˙ Cassandra ˙ Daphne ˙ Coronis: mother of Asclepius (The Metamorphosis)

VI. The cult of Asclepius

I. Apollo in the Hippocratic Oath希波克拉底誓言中的阿波羅 Apollo Hippocrates

Hippocrates (460-377 BC) the father of medicine

Hippocrates, who is often described as the founder of modern medicine, left a legacy of 53 scientific books on medical topics, known as the Corpus Hippocraticum.

Modern doctors still take the Hippocratic Oath which is the basis of medical ethics.

The Hippocratic Oath:

“I swear by Apollo the physician and Asclepius, and Health, and All-heal, and all the gods and goddesses . . .”

“Into whatever houses I enter, I will go into them for the benefit of the sick, and will abstain from every voluntary act of mischief and corruption; and, further from the seduction of females or males, of freemen and slaves….”

“Whatever, in connection with my professional practice or not, I see or hear, in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that all such should be kept secret….”

II. Apollo: the god of healing The Greeks believed that illness was a

punishment sent by the gods to whom they prayed for a cure.

Apollo was associated with light and healing, but if he was angry, his arrows could cause plague.

Apollo, the god of archery, punished Agamemnon and his Greek camp with plague in the Trojan War. When his anger was appeased, he granted his healing. (Homer, The Iliad, Book I )

III. The cult of Apollo Apollo’s temple at Delphi was of paramount

importance in Greece. He was well-known as a god of prophecy,

and at Delphi he would reply to questions about the future, known as the “oracle.”

Apollo was also the patron god of music and poetry, and the protector of herdsmen and flocks.

His forename Phoebus means “bright,” and he became connected with the Greek sun-god Helios in the Hellenistic Age.

IV. Apollo’s divine family Father: Zeus, the king of the gods on Olympus Uncles: Poseidon, the god of the ocean Hades, the god of the

underworld Mother: Leto, the goddess of Delos Sister: Artemis, the goddess of hunting Son by a mortal woman, Coronis: Asclepius, the god of medicine

V. Apollo’s unhappy love

˙ Cassandra: the discredit of her prophesy

˙ Daphne: the laurel tree

˙ Coronis: mother of Asclepius (The Metamorphosis)

VI. The cult of Asclepius Son of Apollo and Coronis Father of Hygieia (Hygiene) and two Greek doctors at Troy, Machaon and Podalirius Sanctuaries of Asclepius all over the Greek

world. The temple and theater at Epidaurus. “Temple sleep”: a healing ritual at

Asclepius’ temple to provide divine medical cures for the ailing people

˙ Asclepius & his staff with a serpent twisted around it 　（厄斯克里皮斯與他的蛇杖）˙ Asclepius’ temple at Cos　（厄斯克里皮斯的神廟）

版權聲明圖片 授權條件 作者／來源

作者： ChrisO 來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_ny_carlsberg_glyptotek.jpg 2010.10.7 visited

1881 Young Persons‘ Cyclopedia of Persons and Places Assumming PD due to age. RedWolf 05:45, Jan 10, 2005 (UTC) {{PD}} 來源： http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/File:Hippocrates.jpg 2010.10.7 visited

Twelfth-century Byzantine manuscript the oath was written out in the form of a cross　來源：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HippocraticOath.jpg 2010.10.7 visited

作者： DerHexer　來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Asklepios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPG 10.10.07

版權聲明圖片 授權條件 作者／來源

作者： Heiko Gorsk　來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeion.jpg 2010.10.7 visited