သရဏဂံု သံုးပါး

rmwdum

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

1/ rdwfqufpum; --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1

2/ &wemoHk;yg;udk ylaZmfNcif;ukodkvf --- --- --- --- --- 2

3/ udk;uG,frI t"dyÜm,f (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- --- 2

4/ rudk;uG,f&mESifh udk;uG,f&m (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- 3

5/ udk;uG,frSm;tNypf? udk;uG,frSeftusdK; (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- 4

6/ Ak'¨bmom0if NzpfcGifh (usrf;udk;-5) --- --- --- --- --- 5

7/ udk;uG,f&m &wemoHk;yg; (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- --- 7

8/ &wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfzGifh (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- --- 8

9/ Ak'¨bmomtNzpf cH,lNcif; (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- --- 9

10/ o&P*kH ygXfç teuf (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- --- --- 9

11/ o&P*Hk tzGifh (usrf;udk;-5) --- --- --- --- --- --- 10

12/ o&P*Hk oHk;yg; (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- --- --- 12

13/ o&P*Hk½Sif;vif;csuf (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- --- 14

14/ o&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 14

15/ o&P*HkESifh o&P*Hkwnfol (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- 15

16/ o&P*HktppftrSef (usrf;udk;-3) --- --- --- --- --- 16

17/ o&P*HkygVd\ teuf (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- --- 19

18/ o&P*Hk cH,lyHk 4-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 19

19/ o&P*Hkaqmufwnfenf; 4-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- 20

20/ &wemoHk;yg;ESifhpyfí rSwfzG,f (usrf;udk;-5) --- --- --- --- 21

21/ &wemNrwf oHk;yg; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 24

22/ tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaomo&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-3) --- --- --- --- 25

23/ o&P*Hkü txl;tjym; (usrf;udk;-7) --- --- --- --- --- 27

24/ o&P*Hk ESpfrsdK; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- --- 30

25/ o&P*Hk ESpfrsdK; (usrf;udk;-3) --- --- --- --- --- --- 31

26/ o&P*Hkt*Fg&yfrsm; (usrf;udk;-3) --- --- --- --- --- 32

27/ o&P*kHcH,lrI &rIukdjyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- --- --- 32

28/ o&P*Hkysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh rysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- 35

29/ ½Sdcdk;wdkif; o&P*HkrNzpf (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 36

30/ o&P*HkaNrmufrI tav;NyKzG,f (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- 37

31/ ykxkZOfoHCm o&P*kHxkdufç rxkdufukd jyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- 38

32/ ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh o&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 42

33/ o&P*kHxkdufaom oHCmukdjyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- --- 42

34/ o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf aqmufwnfNcif; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- 43

35/ ukd;uG,frI 2-yg; jcm;em;ykHukdjyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- 44

36/ o&P*Hk npfEGrf;Ncif; 4-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- 46

37/ o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif; w&m;rsm; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- 46

38/ o&P*HknpfnL;aMumif;w&m;rsm; (usrf;udk;-3) --- --- --- 47

39/ ar;jref;bG,f (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- --- --- 47

40/ ysufwwfaom o&P*HkESifh rysufwwfaom o&P*Hk (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- 54

41/ o&P*kHysufrysufukd jyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- --- 54

42/ o&P*Hk ysufyHk 2-rsdK; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- 57

43/ o&P*kHysufjcif;ESifh rysufjcif;tusOf;csKyf (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- 57

44/ o&P*HkysufrIESifh tavmif;udk o&P*HkwifNcif; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- 58

45/ o&P*HkysufNcif; (usrf;udk;-3) --- --- --- --- --- 59

46/ o&P*Hk ysufpD;Ncif; (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- --- 59

47/ o&P*Hk rwnfEdkifol (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 61

48/ o&P*Hk trSm;rsm; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 61

49/ o&P*HkykwD;pdyfNcif; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- --- 62

50/ o&P*HkwnfNcif;\ tusdK; (usrf;udk;-1) --- --- --- --- 63

51/ o&P*Hk wnfNcif; tusdK;rsm; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- 64

52/ o&P*Hk\tusdK; (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 65

53/ om"u0w¬Krsm; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- --- --- --- 66

54/ o&P*Hkwnfaom trsdK;om;wpfa,muftaMumif; (usrf;udk;-2) --- --- 67

55/ o&P*HkESifh oDv½Sdol tyg,frus (usrf;udk;-5) --- --- --- --- 71

56/ wBudrfaqmufwnf wpfoufwnf (usrf;udk;-5) --- --- --- --- 73

57/ &wemokH;yg;udk;uG,f&mü tusdK;BuD;ykHjyqdkcef; (usrf;udk;-8) --- --- 73

58/ o&P*kHtusKd;ukd jyjcif; (usrf;udk;-6) --- --- --- --- 74

59/ Oygoum Oygodum (usrf;udk;-4) --- --- --- --- --- 85

60/ usrf;udk;pm&if; --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 86

1]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkrS "r®'geNyKonf

o&P*HkoHk;yg; (Ak'¨bmom0if)


rdwfqufpum;

bmoma&;todÓPfrsm; wdk;yGg;aMumif; vdkvm;wJh usL;ypfnDtudktrrsm;eJU tGefvdkif;rSae

bmoma&;udkavhvmaeMuwJh "r®rdwfaqGrsm;twGuf o&P*HkoHk;yg;eJU ywfoufwJh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

wpkwpnf;xJ avhvmvdkU&atmif q&mawmfBuD;rsm;&JU a[mMum;csufrsm;? qHk;Nzwfcsufrsm;eJU

aumif;Edk;&m&m vufvSrf;rSDorQ pmtkyfawGxJuae xkwfEIwfNyD; wifNyay;xm;ygw,f/

o&P*HkoHk;yg;[m Ak'¨bmom0iftNzpf pwifaNccsawmhr,fh yk*¾dKvfwa,muftwGuf

ta&;BuD;vSovdk? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;taeeJUvnf; o&P*Hk npfEGrf;Ncif;rsm;? o&P*Hk ysufys,fNcif;rsm;[m

b,fvdktaMumif;t&mawGaMumifhqdkwm odzdkUvdkygw,f/ odkUrSom o&P*Hkcdkifcdkifrmrmwnf? oDvvHkum?

orm"dxlaxmifNyD;? ynmeJU xdk;xGif;um r*fw&m; zdkvfw&m; edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &EdkifrSm NzpfwJhtwGuf

o&P*Hkaqmufwnfxm;Ncif;[m tvGefta&;ygvSygw,f/ usrf;*efrsm;tqdkt&

o&P*HkaqmufwnfNcif;[m 'geNyKNcif;xuf omvGefaMumif; azmfNyxm;wm awGUMu&rSm Nzpfygw,f/

bmoma&;udk avhvmyGg;rsm;aeMuwJh nDtudktrrsm;taeeJUvnf; ,ck taMumif;t&mrsm;[m

odNyD;om;awG Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/ odkUaomfvnf; ydkrdkNyD; ausausnufnuf od&atmiftwGuf&,f Ak'¨bmomudk

pwifavhvmr,fh olawG? uRefawmfwdkUtaeeJU rdbae&mawG a&mufvmr,fhtcsdefMu&if usrf;*efrsm;eJUtnD

]]o&P*HkoHk;yg;}} taMumif;udk aocsmpGm aNymNyay;Edkifatmif &nf½G,fNyD; ]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}}

nDtudkarmifESrwpfpkuae "r®'geNyKvdkufNcif;yg/

------------------------------



&wemoHk;yg;udk ylaZmfNcif;ukodkvf

ylaZmfNcif;udk cH,lxdkufukefaom Nrwfbk&m;½Sifudkvnf;aumif;? Nrwfbk&m;½Sif\

w&m;awmfudkvnf;aumif;? Nrwfbk&m;½Sif\ wynhfom; oHCmawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif; ylaZmfaom

ol\aumif;rIudk þaumif;rIonf þa½GU þrQ½Sd\[k wpfpHk wpfa,mufaomolonf a&wGufNcif;iSg

rwwfaumif;ay/

("r®y')

------------------------------

udk;uG,frI t"dyÜm,f

vlUordkif;q&mwdkU\ tqdkt& vlonf aNcovHk;tdrfwdkifb0rS wNznf;Nznf;csif; ,Ofaus;vmNyD;

tpktoif;ESifh aewwfvmolrsm; Nzpfonf[k od&\/ rnfodkUyifNzpfap vlonf aMumufwwfrIESifh &vdkrI

oabmw&m;rsm;Nzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom o@mefwpfckomNzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;\/

vlUavmuBuD;wGifvnf; aMumufp&m taNrmuftNrm; ½Sdonfhenf;wl &,lcsifp&mrsm;ESifhvnf;

NynfhESufvsuf ½Sdaeygonf/ 'Da&wufNcif;? rD;BuD;avmifNcif;? avrkefwdkif;usNcif; paom

Moumoavmu\ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? a>rab;? opf? usm;? qif½dkif;ab;? rcspfrESpfoufolab; paom

owåavmu\ &efNyKrIrsm;ESifh emzsm;rusef;rrm? tdkemao& ab;'ku©rsm;\ ESdyfpufuvlNyKrIudk

vlom;onf tvl;tvJ cHae&onfom Nzpf\/ þodkUaom b0'ku© tEÅ&m,frsm;\

vHIUaqmfzefwD;rIaMumifh vlom;onf aMumufwwfvm\/ xdkab;qdk;ç 'ku©qdk;wdkUrS uif;Nidrf;rIudk

vdkvm;vmMuonf/ udk;uG,f&mudk ½SmazGvmMuonf/

þtcsufESifh ywfoufí -

A[Hk a0 o&PH ,EÅd? yAÁwmed 0emed p/

tm&mr½ku©apwsmed? rEkó b,wZÆdwm/ ("r®y'? *gxm-188)

]]ab;&ef tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;udk pdk;½GHUaMumufvefUaeMuukefaom vlwdkUonf

awmifwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? awmwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? tm&mrfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? t"du&opfyif paom

udk;uG,f&mwdkUudkvnf;aumif; udk;uG,fMuukef\}} [k

NrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;cJh\/



yifv,f ork'´&mwdkUü toufarG;rI NyKMuolwdkUonf ork'´&mapmifh ewfrsm;udk

udk;pm;Muonfhenf;wl awm&yfa'oü vkyfudkifpm;aomufMuolwdkUuvnf; awmawmifO,smOf ponfwdkUudk

ylaZmfMuonf/ xdkUNyif aumufyifpdkufysdK; atmifNrifvdkrItwGuf rdk;ewf ponfwdkUudk yoMu\/

om;qkyef&ef awmpdk; opfyifBuD;rsm;ü ½Sdrnfxifaom ewfwdkUudk wifaNr§mufMuonf/

þonfwdkUrSm xdkpOfu urÇmUvlom; tm;vHk;vdkvdkESifh oufqdkifaom udk;uG,frIrsm; Nzpfonf/

udk;uG,frItp? udk;uG,frI\ t"dyÜm,f[k azmfNytyfygonf/

(usrf;udk;/ / Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf)

------------------------------

rudk;uG,f&mESifh udk;uG,f&m

Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhxGef;awmfrlvmNyD;aemuf rudk;uG,f&mESifh udk;uG,f&mudk cGJNcm;í

a[mMum;ñTefNycJhygonf/ NrwfAk'¨a[mMum;rdefUrSmcJhonfrSm -

aewH acg o&PH acrH? aewH o&P rkwårH/

aewH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-189)

]]þawm awmif tm&mrf t"du&opfyif paom udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk udk;uG,fNcif;onf

ab;uif;aom udk;uG,fNcif; r[kwf/ Nrwfaom udk;uG,fNcif; r[kwf? þudk;uG,f&m[lorQudk

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;aMumifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfaNrmufEdkif}}

[lí Nzpfygonf/

þuJhodkU ½Sif;vif;xif½Sm;pGm a[mMum;cJhonf w&m;awmft& rudk;uG,f&mudk twdtus

od½SdMu&ygonf/



udk;uG,f&mESifh ywfoufívnf; NrwfpGmbk&m;onf -

a,m p Ak'¨Oö "r®Oö? oHCOö o&PH *awm/

pwåm&d t&d,opömed? or®yÜnm, yówd/

'ku©H 'ku©orkyÜg'H? 'ku©ó p twduúrH/

t&d,H p|*ÐwH r*¾H? 'ku©Lyor*grdeH/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-190? 191)

tMuifolonf NrwfpGmbk&m;udk vnf;aumif;? w&m;awmfudkvnf;aumif;?

oHCmawmfudkvnf;aumif; udk;uG,fqnf;uyf\/ xdkolonf qif;&JtrSef ]]'ku©opöm}}? qif;&JNcif;\

taMumif;&if;trSef ]]ork',opöm}}? qif;&JvGwfaNrmuf&mtrSef ]]eda&m"opöm}}? qif;&JNidrf;&m ]]edAÁmef}}odkU

a&mufaMumif;trSef? ]]t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom Nrwfaom r*¾opöm}} [laom t&d,opömav;yg;wdkUudk r*fynmNzifh

aumif;pGm NrifEdkif\ }}

[lí tus,fw0ifh a[mMum;ñTefNyawmfrlcJhonf/


------------------------------

udk;uG,frSm;tNypf? udk;uG,frSeftusdK;

NrwfpGmbk&m;onf Nrwfaomudk;uG,fNcif; r[kwfvQif rnfodkUrnfyHk tNypf usa&mufEdkifaMumif;

azmfNyvwåHUyg *gxmNzifh a[mMum;rdefUrSmcJhygonf -

aewH acg o&PH acrH? aewH o&P rkwårH/

aewH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-189)

]]þawm awmif tm&mrf t"du&opfyif paom udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk udk;uG,fNcif;onf

ab;uif;aom udk;uG,fNcif; r[kwf/ Nrwfaom udk;uG,fNcif; r[kwf? þudk;uG,f&m[lorQudk

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;aMumifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfaNrmufEdkif}}

[lí Nzpfygonf/

xdkUaMumifh vlwdkUonf udk;uG,frIrSm;vQif 'ku©cyfodrf; ruif;Nidrf;EdkifbJ oHo&m0JMoCtwGif;

w0Jvnfvnf usifvnf usufpm; ae&rnfom Nzpfayonf/



udk;uG,frI rSefvQif tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;pGm &½SdEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; Ak'¨NrwfpGmonf-

{wH acg o&PH acrH? {wH o&P rkwårH/

{wH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ ("r®y'/ *gxm-192)

]]þ&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNzif;onf ab;r½Sdaom udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif; rnf\/

Nrwfaom udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif; rnf\/ þ&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fNcif;aMumifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS

vGwfaNrmuf\}}

[k a[mMum; ñTefNyawmfrlcJhygonf/

xdkUaMumifh vlwdkUonf udk;uG,frIrSefvQif 'ku©cyfodrf; uif;Nidrf;NyD; vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om?

NA[®mcsrf;omrsm;udk &½SdEdkif½HkrQru r*fzdkvfedAÁmefodkUwdkif rsufarSmufNyKEdkifygaMumif;

a&;om;azmfNytyfygonf/


------------------------------

Ak'¨bmom0if NzpfcGifh

oAÁnKbk&m;½Sifudk ]]Ak'¨}} [k ac:\/

xdkAk'¨½SifawmfNrwf\ w&m;awmfudk ]]Ak'¨bmom}} [k ac:\/ xdkAk'¨½SifawmfNrwf\

w&m;awmftwdkif; vdkufem aexdkifoludk ]]Ak'¨bmom0if}} [k ac:\/ xdk Ak'¨bmom0if Nzpfvdkol? odkUr[kwf

Nzpfaeolonf Ak'¨ç "r®ç oHCç (bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm) &wemNrwf 3-yg;\ taMumif;udk

aumif;pGmem;vnf&rnf/ xdkodkU em;vnfNyD;aemuf xdk&wem 3-yg;udk rdrd ,HkMunfovm;?

r,HkMunfbl;vm;[k pOf;pm;xdkuf\/ r,HkMunfvQif ]]Ak'¨bmom0ifyg}} [k aNymqdkaeaomfvnf;

]]Ak'¨bmom0if}} rNzpfEdkifao;yg? ,HkMunfvQifum; ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom o&P*Hk 3-yg;udk

aqmufwnf&\/ xdktcg Ak'¨bmom0if tppfNzpf\/

ynm Ak'¨bmom0if/ / xdk Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf ÓPfESifh,SOfí epfepfumum ,HkMunfolum;

bk&m;½Sifudk udk;uG,f&mü oufawmfxif½Sm; NrwfpGmbk&m;udk pdwfxJü xifvm Nrifvmatmif

udk;uG,fonfhtNyif ½kyfyHk? apwDawmfrsm;udkvnf; (a½T½SdonfNzpfap? r½SdonfNzpfap) ausauseyfeyf



av;Nrwfavh ½Sd\/ w&m;udk udk;uG,f&müvnf; w&m;tppftrSef usrf;*ef yd#uESifh r*fzdkvf edAÁmefw&m;udk

rSef;qí tm;&yg;& ylaZmf\/ oHCmudk udk;uG,f&müvnf; okyÜ#dyEéwm paom *kPfwdkUESifh

tawmftwefNynfhpHkaom ykxkZOfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? trSef;twm;tm;Nzifh t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;udk

vnf;aumif; udk;uG,f\/ xdk &wem 3-yg; twGufqdkvQif toufudkyif pGefU0Hh\/ þolum;

ÓPfESifh,SOfaom Ak'¨bmom0if Nzpfolaywnf;/

o'¨g Ak'¨bmom0if/ / olrsm;taNymaumif;í ,HkMunfaom o'¨gNzifh? odkUr[kwf rd½dk;zvmNzifh

Ak'¨bmom0ifNzpfaeolwdkUum; bk&m;ppf w&m;ppf oHCmppfwdkUü xdxda&mufa&muf o'¨gpdwfaygufol

enf;yg;\/ (vHk;vHk; r½Sdbl;[k rqdkvdkyg) bk&m;udk MunfndK&mü oufawmfxif½Sm; NrwfpGmbk&m;xdatmif

pdwfra&mufbJ ½kyfyHk? apwDawmfavmufom pdwfa&muf\/ ½kyfyHk? apwDawmfrsm;wGifvnf; aqGbk&m;

rsdK;bk&m; rdrdylaZmfxm;aom ½kyfyGg;apwDawmfrsm;udk ydkrdkí MunfndKwwfMu\/ a½TaNymifaNymif

apwD½kyfyGg;udkvnf; omí MunfndKMuao;\/

xdkUaMumifhyif rdrdwdkU\ &yf½Gmü a½Tr½Sdaom ½kyfyGg;apwDawmfrsm;udk ypfxm;cJhí NrdKUBuD; NyBuD;odkU

bk&m;zl;oGm;Mu\/ tcgwpfyg;ü awmurdef;rwpfpk rEÅav;odkU oGm;cgeD;0,f ]]bk&m;zl; oGm;rvdkU?

bk&m;zl; oGm;rvdkU}} [k us,favmif us,favmifESifh aNymqdkaeMuonfudk tawmfem;vnfaom

ausmif;'umBuD;u ]]wdk;wdk;aNymMuyg[½dkU? wdkU½Gmu udk,fawmfNrwfawG Mum;vQif tm;emp&m Nzpfaeyghr,f}}

[k Nyuf&,fNyKvdkufowJh? xdk o'¨g Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf bk&m;MunfndKyHkom pnf;urf;rusonf

r[kwfao;? w&m; oHCm MunfndKMu&mwGifvnf; pnf;urf;rJhvSacs\/

(usrf;udk;/ / awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ &wemh*kPf&nf)

------------------------------



udk;uG,f&m &wemoHk;yg;

Ak'¨&wem

Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;onf Ak'¨&wem? "r®&wemESifh oHC&wemwnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;udk

udk;uG,f&rnf Nzpfygonf/ owå0gwdkU\ ab;'ku©udk y,fazsmufzsufqD;wwfaomaMumifh Ak'¨? "r®?

oHCmwnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;udk o&P[lívnf; ac:a0:ygonf/

NrwfAk'¨udk udk;uG,fylaZmf&Ncif;rSm Ak'¨½Sifawmfbk&m;onf owå0gwdkUudk BuD;yGg;csrf;omaMumif;

enf;vrf;ü NzpfapNcif;? rBuD;yGg; rcsrf;omaMumif; raumif;aom enf;vrf;rS qkwfepfapNcif;ESifh

tNypfa'go tvHk;pHk uif;pifí *kPfaus;Zl;tvHk;pHkESifh NynfhpHkapNcif;wdkUaMumifhyif Nzpfonf/

"r®&wem

"r®&wemwnf;[laom bk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk udk;uG,f&Ncif;rSm w&m;awmfudk

usifhMuHvdkufemolwdkUudk b0oHo&mc&D;cJrS xkwfqGJu,fwifNcif;? w&m;usifhwkef;tcdkufESifh usifhNyD;

aemufumvwdkUüvnf; oufomrIudk ay;apNcif;Nzifh owå0gwdkU\ ab;'ku©udk

y,fazsmufzsufqD;apEdkifNcif;aMumifh Nzpfygonf/

oHCm&wem

oHCmawmfudk udk;uG,f&Ncif;rSm tenf;i,frQaom aumif;rIukodkvfwdkUudk BuD;us,fzGHUNzdK;

tusdK;rsm;ap&ef NyKNcif;Nzifh oHCmawmfrsm;onf owå0gwdkU\ ab;'ku©udk

y,fazsmufzsufqD;apEdkifNcif;aMumifh Nzpfygonf/

xdk&wemoHk;yg;tm; MunfndKav;pm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaomoludk o&P*Hk wnfol[k

ac:ygonf/ xdkolonf aumif;Nrwfaom b0odkU a&muf&rnf NzpfonfhNyif touf½SnfNcif;? tqif;vSNcif;?

ta>ct&Haygrsm;Ncif; paom tusdK;rsm; &½Sdrnf Nzpfayonf/


------------------------------



&wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfzGifh

qif;&Judk y,fazsmufí csrf;omodkU a&mufapEdkif&eftwGuf bk&m;[k xifrSwfí

,HkMunftm;udk;wdkif; o&P*HkaNrmuf qif;&Judk y,fazsmufí csrf;omodkU a&mufapEdkifMuonf[k

rrSwf,loifhyg/

avmuü pdefausmuf&wemwdkif; &wemppf &wemrSef rSwfwifcH r[kwfbJ twkta,mif

&wemrsm; ½SdEdkifouJhodkU bk&m;twkta,mifç w&m;twkta,mifrsm; vGefpGmaygrsm;vSygonf/

,HkMunfudk;uG,frIESifhpyfaom t&mwGif ]]pOf;pm;rI a½SUwnfç ,HkMunfrI aemufxm;}} [laom

a½S;ynm½SdBuD;rsm;\ owday;pum;udk tav;tpm; NyKoifhygonf/

,HkMunfrI (o'¨g) tm;BuD;í pOf;pm;qifNcif;rI (ynm) tm;enf;onfhtwGuf tppf trSef

r[kwfaom bk&m;ç rrSefaom w&m;wdkUudk rpOf;rpm; ,HkMunfNyD; tm;udk;rSm;vQif ]]ukef½IH;vQif wpfacguf}}

qdkwmrsdK; r[kwfbJ ]]o&P*Hk½HI;vQif woHo&mvHk;arSmuf}} qdkwmrsdK; Nzpfum 'ku©oHo&mvnfrqHk;

NzpfEdkifygonf/ ]]bk&m;rSwfvdkU udk;uG,fcJhwm zGwfxGufrS awmifydkUrSef; od&onf}} ? ]]usm;aMumufvdkU

½SifBuD;udk; ½SifBuD; usm;xufqdk; Nzpf&onf}} [laom owday;pum;rsm;onf ,HkMunfudk;uG,frItrSm;\

'ku©udk o½kyfNy ay:vGifapygonf/ a'0'wfudk ,HkMunftm;xm;í zcif&if;udk owfrdonftxd

trdkufZmwfcif;um i&Jvm;cJh&aom tZmwowfrif;\ Nzpf&yfrSm udk;uG,frItrSm;twGuf

om"uxifapaom tcsufyif Nzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh udk,fydkiftodÓPf ynmNzifh wu,fhrSwfwifcH

tppftrSefNzpfaom bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemrsm;udk pdppfa½G;cs,f udk;uG,fwwf&ef vdktyfygonf/

]]ynm½Sd}} [lí qdk&mü avmuDt&mrSm ynmrsm;pGm ½Sdaomfvnf; &wemoHk;yg;

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfzdkUta&;ü udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIynmum; ½SdcsifrS ½Sdrnf? tvdktavsmuf

xdk;xGif;wwfodEdkifonfh ynmrsdK; r[kwfaomaMumifh ]][kwfpGr½Sdu iuef;vrf;rod}} qdkwmrsdK;om

NzpfEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIynmü uRrf;usifvdr®mrI½Sdap&ef ]]&wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfzGifh}}

rsm;udk qufvufavhvmoifhygonf/

(usrf;udk;/ /Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;)

------------------------------



Ak'¨bmomtNzpf cH,lNcif;

pdwfxm;rSefuefNcif;

vlUavmuwGif pdwfxm;NzLpif aNzmifhrwfrSefuef&ef ta&;BuD;vS\/ pdwfxm;NzLpif

aNzmifhrwfrSefuefrSom ,HkMunfrI tm;aumif;onf/

bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;onf wpHkwa,mufaomoludk

aMumuf½GHUaomaMumifh qnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;rsdK; rNzpfap&yg/ wpHkwa,mufaomolu

cdkif;apaomaMumifhvnf; rNzpfap&yg/ ypönf;vmbfvmbç tmPmç yg0g ponfwdkUudk &,lvdkaomaMumifh

&wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;rsdK; rNzpfap&yg/

rdrdudk,fwdkifu ]]bk&m;tppf bk&m;trSefç w&m;tppf w&m;trSefç oHCmtppf oHCmtrSef

wu,fNzpfonf}} [k ,HkMunfouf0ifaomaMumifh &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;rsdK;om

Nzpfap&ygrnf/

þodkU ppfrSefaom bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNyD; w&m;tppf

trSeftusifhrsm;udk vdkufemusifhoHk; BudK;pm;t;xkwfygu vufiif;tm;Nzifh pdwfcsrf;omrI &½SdNyD;

0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS {uefrkcs uif;vGwfEdkifonf[k rdrdudk,fwdkif rrSdwfrokef ,HkMunfouf0ifaomaMumifh

&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;rsdK; Nzpfap&ygrnf/


------------------------------

o&P*kH ygXfç teuf

1/ Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/

2/ "r®H o&PH *pämrd/

3/ oHCH o&PH *pämrd/

«'kwd,rÜd? wwd,rÜd okH;acgufqkdav»

1/ Ak'¨H=jrwfpGmbk&m;udk? o&PH-o&PH£wd? 'ku©uif;aysmuf csrf;oma&mufzdkY axmuf&mç wnf&mç

udk;uG,f&m[lí? *pämrd=qnf;uyfyg\/



2/ "r®H=r*fav;wefç zdkvfav;wefç edAÁmefç y&d,wf- tjrwfq,fazmf w&m;awmfudk? o&PH-

o&PH£wd='ku©uif;aysmuf csrf;oma&mufzdkY axmuf&mç wnf&mç udk;uG,f&m[lí?

*pämrd=qnf;uyfyg\/

3/ oHCH=oDv0efç *kP0efç yn0efç uvsmPykxkZÆef t½SifrGef t½SifjrwfwdkESifhwuG y&rw¬oHCm

t&d,myk*¾Kdvftaygif;udk/ o&PH-o&PH£wd='ku©uif;aysmuf csrf;oma&mufzdkY axmuf&mçwnf&mç

udk;uG,f&m-[lí? *pämrd=qnf;uyfyg\/

«aMuaMu rGrG&ap/»

o&P*kH ygXfç teufNyD;\/

(usrf;udk;/ / v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf)

------------------------------

o&P*Hk tzGifh

1- Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrdç "r®H o&PH *pämrdç oHCH o&PH *pämrd/

2- 'kwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrdç 'kwd,rÜd . . . *pämrd/

3- wwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrdç wwd,rÜd . . . *pämrd/

1/ Ak'¨H- NrwfpGmbk&m;udk? o&PH- udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí? *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyfç

odrSwfyg\/

"r®H- w&m;awmfNrwfudk? o&PH- udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí? *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyfç

odrSwfyg\/

oHCH? t&d,moHCmawmfNrwfudk? o&PH- udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí? *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyfç

odrSwfyg\/

2/ 'kwd,rÜd- ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf; . . . a½SUtwdkif;qdk/

3/ wwd,rÜd- oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf; . . . a½SUtwdkif;qdk/

o&P*Hk/ / ]]o&P+*er}} [laom ygVdrS ]]o&P*Hk}} [k Nrefrmpum; Nzpfvmonf/

(o&P=udk;uG,f&m[lí+*re=todtrSwfNyKvsuf qnf;uyfNcif;) ]]bk&m; w&m; t&d,moHCmonf

udk;uG,f&m tppfNzpf\}} [k todtrSwfNyKvsuf ½dkaoav;Nrwf qnf;uyfvdkaom ukodkvfapwemudk



]]o&P*Hk}} [k ac:\/ 1-bk&m; udk;uG,frI? 2- w&m;udk;uG,frI? 3- t&d,moHCm udk;uG,frI tm;Nzifh 3-

yg;½Sdonf/ ]]o&P*Hk 3yg;}} [k ,ckumv ac:MuonfrSmvnf; þ 3yg;yifwnf;/ rdrdoEÅmefü

xdk&wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,f vdkaom pdwfapwemNzpfaeaMumif; xif½Sm;NyzdkU&m ]]Ak'¨H o&PH

*pämrd}} paom ygVdpum;udkNzpfap? ]]bk&m;udk;uG,fyg\}} paom Nrefrmpum;udkNzpfap? ½GwfqdkNcif;onf

o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNcif; rnf\/

xdkodkU aqmufwnf&m0,f . . .

Ak'¨H/ / Ak'¨H-t& bk&m;[k qdk&mü ½kyfyHk ½kyfyGg; qif;wkapwDawmfrsm;avmufwGif pdwfrxm;bJ bk&m;

*kPfawmfzGifhüNycJhaom ]]bk&m;½Sif}} udk &nfrSef;í xm;&m\/

"r®H/ / "r®H-t& w&m;[k qdk&mü "r®uxduawG? oH½SnfoHwdkqGJí ,yfvSJ ,yfaxmif w&m;rsm;ESifh

pmtkyfaypmawGavmufwGif pdwfrxm;bJ "r®pMum? tewåvu©Pokwf? r[mowdy|mef paom bk&m;a[m

ygVdawmfç t|uxm usrf;pmtpOfESifh r*f zdkvf edAÁmef w&m;udk &nfrSef;xm;&m\/

oHCH/ / oHCH-t& oHCm[k qdk&mü ,ckumv &[ef;oHCmavmufwGif pdwfrxm;bJ oHCmh*kPfü

NycJhaom t&d,moHCmudk &nfrSef;xm;&m\/ þodkU &nfrSef;EdkifrSom ]]o&P*Hk}} tppftrSef &rnf/

udk; uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m/ / &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf tyg,fqif;&J? oHo&mqif;&JwdkUrS

rusra&mufatmif a[mawmfrlaomtm;Nzifh apmifha½Smufawmfrlay&um; . . .

udk; = &wem oHk;yg;udk udk;pm;&m (tm;udk;p&m) [lí vnf;aumif;?

uG,f = ab;&efay:vmvQif umuG,fzdkU&m [lí vnf;aumif;?

vJavsmif; = (rdbtay:rSm ,HkMunfí om;orD;rsm; vJavsmif; tdyfaeovdk) &wemoHk;yg;udk aumif;pGm

,HkMunfí vJavsmif;zdkU&m [lí vnf;aumif;?

ykef;atmif; = tyg,fab; ra&mufatmif ykef;atmif;aezdkU [lí vnf;aumif;?

rSDcdk = rdbu om;orD;udk rSDcdkouJhodkU rSDcdkzdkU&m [lí vnf;aumif;

todtrSwfNyKvsuf ]]ESpfESpfoufouf rSD0J qnf;uyfyg\}} [k qdkvdkonf/


------------------------------



o&P*Hk oHk;yg;

1/ Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/

"r®H o&PH *pämrd/

oHCH o&PH *pämrd/

2/ 'kwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ 'kwd,rÜd "r®H o&PH *pämrd/ 'kwd,rÜd oHCH o&PH *pämrd/

3/ wwd,rÜd Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd/ wwd,rÜd "r®H o&PH *pämrd/

wwd,rÜd oHCH o&PH *pämrd/

o&P*Hk oHk;yg; teuf

1/ Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd?

rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/

-"r®H? r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefydkif;Nzwf q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd?

udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/

-oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd?

rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/

2/ 'kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif;

ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf odrSwfyg\/

- 'kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ "r®H? r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefydkif;Nzwf q,fyg;aom

w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf

odrSwfyg\/

- 'kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif;


3/ wwd,rÜd? oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif;




-wwd,rÜd? oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ "r®H? r*fzdkvfedAÁmef "r®u©ef[k q,fwefydkif;Nzwf q,fyg;aom

w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif; ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m [lí/ *pämrd? rSD0Jqnf;uyf

odrSwfyg\/

-wwd,rÜd? oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? o&PH £wd? udk;uG,fvJavsmif;


o&P*HkoHk;yg; cH,laqmufwnfyHk

]]o&P*re}} [laom ygVdyk'frS *reudk *HkodkU aNymif;í o&P*Hk [k NrefrmrI NyKxm;Ncif; Nzpf\/

bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,f vJavsmif; ykef;atmif;rSDcdk&m[lí rSD0Jqnf;uyf

odrSwfNcif;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNcif; Nzpf\/

]]bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,f&m tppftrSef}} [k ,HkMunfodrSwfvsuf

½dkaoav;Nrwf qnf;uyfvdkaom ukodkvfapwem (r[mukodkvfpdwf apwoduf emrf cE¨mtaygif;) udk

]]o&P*Hk}} [k ac:\/

udk;uG,frItm;Nzifh

1/ bk&m; ukd;uG,frI?

2/ w&m; ukd;uG,frI?

3/ oHCm ukd;uG,frI -

[lí oHk;yg;½Sdygonf/ þoHk;yg;udkyif ]]o&P*HkoHk;yg;}} [k ac:Ncif;Nzpf\/

rdrdoEÅmefü &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fvdkaom pdwf apwem

(r[mukodkvfpdwf apwoduf emrf cE¨mtaygif;) NzpfaeaMumif;udk xif½Sm;NyzdkU&m

0efcHuwday;xm;aomtm;Nzifh ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdpum;udk oHk;BudrfNynfhatmif ½GwfqdkNcif;onf

o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNcif; Nzpf\/ EIwfNzifh ½Gwfqdk&rnf/ pdwful;½HkrQNzifh aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/

vl0wfaMumifrsm;taeNzifh ygVdbmom r[kwfaomfvnf; rdrdwdkU uRrf;usifaom bmompum;Nzifh

]]bk&m;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\/ w&m;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\/ oHCmawmfudk

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\}} [laom t"dyÜm,f ouf0ifatmif av;euf,HkMunfpGm o&P*Hk

aqmufwnfEdkifygonf/



Ak'¨bmom0ifNzpfolonf &[ef;awmf wpfyg;yg;\ a½SUarSmufwGif ½dkaopGm xdkif½Sdcdk;í MoumoNzifh

uefawmhNyD;rS ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} ponfNzifh yDopGm ½Gwfqdkvsuf o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&rnf/

&[ef;oHCmr½Sdaom ae&ma&mufaeygu ½kyfyGg;ç qif;wkç apwDawmfwdkU\ a½SUwGif ½dkaopGm

xdkif½Sdcdk;í MoumoNzifh uefawmhNyD;rS o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&rnf/

]]tZÆwa*¾ ygPkaywH Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} ponfNzifhvnf; aqmufwnfEdkifonf/ ]]tZÆwa*¾

ygPkaywH? ,aeUrSpí toufqHk;onfwdkifatmif}} [k teufay;yg/


------------------------------

o&P*Hk½Sif;vif;csuf

Ak'¨bmom0if rNzpfao;olrsm; Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufNzpfvm&ef ]]o&P*Hk}} udk a½S;OD;pGm

aqmufwnf&\/ Ak'¨bmom0if NzpfNyD;olrsm; ]]ig;yg;ç ½Spfyg;ç udk;yg;ç q,fyg;}} paom oDvrsm;udk

cH,laqmufwnf&müvnf;aumif;? ½SifNyK&[ef;cH NyKvkyf&müvnf;aumif; ]]o&P*Hk}} udk a½S;OD;pGm

cH,laqmufwnf&\/ ]]o&P*Hk}} onf omoemawmfodkU tpueOD; 0ifaygufNzpfí Ak'¨bmomtNzpf

pwifcH,lNcif; Nzpfygonf/ ñdI;EGrf;aom o&P*Hkudk Nyefvnf ta&mifwif&ef aeUpOf o&P*Hk

cH,laqmufwnf&onf/


------------------------------

o&P*Hk

ygVdbmom o&P*re udk Nrefrmvdk o&P*Hk [kac:onf/

o&P = udk;uG,f&m? tm;udk;&m? tm;xm;&m/

*re = ,HkMunfqnf;uyfNcif;/

NrwfpGmbk&m;onf tm;udk;&m o&P/

NrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonf tm;udk;&m o&P/

oHCmawmftaygif;onf tm;udk;&m o&P/

vlwdkUu tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfNcif;onf *re = *Hk/



xdkUaMumifh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfNcif;udk o&P *re =

o&P*Hk oHk;yg;[k ac:onf/

1/ NrwfpGmbk&m;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfvQif Ak'¨o&P*Hk wnfonf/

2/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfvQif "r®o&P*Hk wnfonf/

3/ oHCmawmftaygif;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunf qnf;uyfvQif oHCo&P*Hk wnfonf/

o&P*Hk wnfolonf Ak'¨bmom0if? Ak'¨omoem0if Nzpfonf/

aqmifyk'f

&wemoHk;Nzm? tm;udk;&m[k? qnf;uyfNyK? ac:rI o&P*Hk/

o&P*HkoHk;yg;? wnfolrsm;? &Nim;csrf;ompHk/

(usrf;udk;/ / csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom)

------------------------------

o&P*HkESifh o&P*Hkwnfol

o&P*re=(o&P+*re/o&P=udk;uG,f&m[k+*re=,HkMunfodrSwfqnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;/)

]]o&P+*re}} [laomygVdrS ]]o&P*Hk}} [k Nrefrmpum; Nzpfvmonf/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ]]udk;uG,f&mtppfNzpf\}} [k ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom ukodkvfpdwfudk

]]o&P*Hk}} [k ac:onf/ þukodkvfpdwfNzifh &wemoHk;yg;tay: ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,faeoludk

]]o&P*Hkwnfol}} [k ac:onf/

o&P*HkaqmufwnfNcif;

o&P*Hkaqmufwnfvdkolonf ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdbmomudkNzpfap? ]]bk&m;udk

udk;uG,fyg\}} paom NrefrmbmomudkNzpfap ½Gwfqdk aqmufwnf&rnf/ ,if;odkU

½GwfqdkaqmufwnfNcif;onf rdrdwdkUoEÅmefü &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fvdkaom

o'¨gynm Ny|mef;onfh ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'frsm;NzpfaeaMumif; xif½Sm;ay:vGifatmif azmfNyNcif; Nzpf\/

½Gwfqdkaqmufwnf&mü 0wfaus0wfuHk ½GwfqdkumrQ r[kwf? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: wu,f,HkMunf

udk;uG,fvdkaom o&P*Hkpdwfvnf; ½Sd&rnf/ o&P*Hkudk rdrdudk,fwdkifu ,Hk,HkMunfMunf rcH,l



raqmufwnfvQif rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfurQ ay;í r&Edkifyg/ udk,fwdkifudk,fus ,Hk,HkMunfMunf

cH,laqmufwnfrSom &Edkifygonf/

o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&mwGifvnf; apwDç ykxdk;ç bk&m;ç qif;wk ponfrSmNzpfap?

&[ef;awmfwyg;yg;xHrSmNzpfap? rdrdtvdktavsmufNzpfap ,Hk,HkMunfMunf cH,laqmufwnfvQif

o&P*Hkudk r&r½Sd? &Edkifonfcsnf; Nzpf\/ wBudrf wpfcgrQ cH,laqmufwnfxm;vQif o&P*Hkpdwfudk

rpGefUorQç Ak'¨bmom0iftNzpfrS tNcm; bmom0iftNzpfodkU raNymif;orQ touf½SifaeorQ o&P*Hk

wnfEdkifygonf/

vlUo&P*HkESifh ½Sifho&P*Hk

þü o&P*HkaqmufwnfyHk ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom ygVdbmomonf omrnynm½Sd

u0dyk*¾dKvfwdkU zGJUqdkxm;aom pum;r[kwfyg? bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkif ½Sif&[ef;NyK&ef cGifhNyKawmfrl&mrS

pwifay:aygufvmaom pum;Nzpfonf/ o&P*HkaqmufwnfMu&mü vl0wfaMumifwdkUtzdkU

ygVdbmomNzifhNzpfap? tNcm; Nrefrmç t*Fvdyfç *syef paom ESpfouf&m bmom(pum;) wrsdK;rsdK;NzifhNzpfap

vdktyfovdk ½Gwfqdkí aqmufwnfEdkifMu\/ ed½kwådy#dorÇd'gÓPf taNccH&a&;twGuf

taxmuftulNzpfapEdkifaomaMumifh ygVdbmomNzifh ½GwfqdkaqmufwnfEdkifvQifum; taumif;qHk;Nzpf\/

½SifomraP(NyKvdkol)wdkU tzdkUum; rm*"bmomac: ygVdbmom wpfrsdK;wnf;Nzifhom

½GwfqdkaqmufwnfEdkifcGifh½Sdí ,if;odkU ½Gwfqdkaqmufwnf&müvnf; Xmefu½dkPf;usus yDyDoo

½Gwfqdk&aMumif; owdNyKoifhMuygonf/


------------------------------

o&P*HktppftrSef

vl ewf NA[®mtaygif; wpfavmuvHk;\ udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m tppftrSef Nzpfawmfrlaom bk&m;?

w&m;? oHCmwnf;[laom &wem NrwfoHk;yg;wdkUtay:ü 'd|d(t,lrSm;rI)? 0dpdudpäm(,HkrSm; oHo,NzpfrI)?

oar®m[(awGa0rI)? to'¨d,(r,HkMunfrI) wnf;[laom raumif;aom udavom tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk

y,fazsmufí xdk&wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m[k trSefwu,f ,HkMunf MunfndKNcif;

o'¨gw&m; trSefwu,f? ,HkMunfudk;pm; tm;xm;&m[k odNrifaom ynm? av;pm;Ncif;

*½ktNcif;t&mrsm;Nzifh rdrdwdkUo@mefü Nzpfay:aom ukodkvf pdwf? apwodufwdkUomvQif tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaom

o&P*Hk tppftrSefrnf\/



o&P*Hk\ t"dyÜg,f

ygVdbmom o&P *reudk Nrefrmvdk o&P*Hk[k ac:onf/

o&P + *re = o&P*Hk

o&P

o&PqdkonfrSm zsufqD;wwfaom 0w¬Krsm;Nzpfí udk;uG,f&m? vJavsmif;&m? ykef;atmif; rSDcdk&m?

tm;xm;&mNzpf\/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf zsufqD;wwfaom

0w¬Krsm;Nzpfí &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk qdkvdkonf/

bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfNrwfonf owå0gwdkU\ tusdK;pD;yGg;udk vrf;nTefNcif;Nzifhvnf;aumif;?

tpD;tyGg;rJh tusdK;rJhudk wm;NrpfNcif;Nzifhvnf;aumif;? owå0gwdkU\ab;udk zsufqD;wwf\/ rsufarSmuf?

rsufuG,f[lorQwGif raumif;rIrNyKMubJ oDv? orm"d? ynmwdkUNzifh NynfhpHkatmif usifhMuHtm;xkwfMu&ef

enf;vrf;toG,foG,fNzifh a[mMum;awmfrlNcif;Nzifh owå0gwdkUtm; tusdK;rJhw&m;wdkUrS wm;Nrpfí

tpD;tyGg;udk NzpfxGef;ap\/

½SifawmfNrwfbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonf w&m;awmftwdkif;usifhygu owå0gwdkU\ umrb0?

½lyb0? t½lyb0qdkonfh b0oHo&mBuD;udk vGefaNrmufapNcif;Nzifh ab;udk y,fazsmufwwf\/

r*fw&m;onf b0udk vGefaNrmufapaomw&m;? zdkvfw&m;onf csrf;omrItppftrSefudk ay;EdkifpGrf;½Sdaom

w&m;rsm;Nzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh owå0gwdkU\ ab;udk y,fazsmufay;EdkifpGrf;½Sd\/

oHCmawmfNrwfonf vSL'gef;ylaZmf qnf;uyfMuaom yk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; tusdK;BuD;Nrwfatmif

aqmif½Gufay;EdkifNcif;Nzifh owå0gwdkU\ab;udk zsufqD;wwf\/

xdkUaMumifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf 0#fab;udk zsufqD;wwf\/ 0#fab;qdkonfrSm ur®0#f

(ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHrsm;)? udavom0#f (t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef qdkonfhw&m;rsm;ESifh)? 0dygu0#f

(0dnmOf? emrf? ½kyf? y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;rsm;) wnf;[laom 0#foHk;yg;\ab;udk qdkvdk\/ þ0#foHk;yg;aMumifh

owå0grsm;onf 'ku©trsdK;rsdK; awGUMuHK&í qif;&JMu&ukef\/

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf owå0gwdkU\ pdwfxdwfvefUNcif;? udk,fqif;&JNcif; 'ku©rsm;? tyg,fodkU

vm;a&muf&Ncif; 'ku©rsm; tp½Sdonfhab;&efrsm;? qif;&J'ku©rsm; tm;vHk;udk zsufqD;wwf\/



o&P*HkoHk;yg;onf ppfrSefaomudk;uG,f&m tyPÖuy#dy'g rcRwf,Gif; rrSm;Edkifaom

tusifhNzpfaomaMumifh aumif;usdK;udkom Nzpfapaom qif;&JNcif;udk y,fazsmufwwfaom ukodkvfw&m;

ukodkvfpdwfNzpf\/

xdkUaMumifhowå0gwdkU\ ab;[lorQudk y,fazsmufwwfaom owå0gwdkU\ udk;uG,f&m (avmuD?

avmukwå&mESpfNzmwGif aumif;usdK;csrf;omNzpfapEdkifoNzifh tm;udk;Ncif;? ab;&ef[lorQ umuG,fNcif;)?

vJavsmif;&m (,HkMunfrItNynfh½Sdí vJavsmif;zdkU&m)? ykef;atmif;&m (ab;'ku©ra&mufatmif

ykef;atmif;zdkU&m)? rSDcdk&m (trSDo[JNyKzdkU&m)? tm;xm;&mtrSefNzpfaom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf o&Prnf\/

*re

,HkMunfpGm qnf;uyfNcif;? todtrSwfNyKNcif;udk *re[kac:onf/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh oHo&m

0#f'ku© qif;&JNcif;taygif;rS vGwfaNrmufap&ef rdrdu udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m trSef[lí rSD0Jqnf;uyf

todrSwfNyKNcif;yifNzpf\/

o&P*Hk

Ak'¨omoemawmfudk pNyD; ouf0if,HkMunfum tpOD;qHk; cH,l&mNzpfonfh ukodkvfaumif;rI

wpfrsdK;yif Nzpf\/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh Ak'¨omoem0if tNzpf cH,l&m omoemh0ifaygufvnf; Nzpf\/

o&P*Hkonf o&P*rerS qif;oufvm\/ o&P*reqdkonfrSm bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;wdkUudk udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyfaMumif;Nzpfaom ukodkvfw&m;? ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'fudk

qdkvdkonf/ wpfenf;tm;Nzifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,faom tNcif;t&mtm;Nzifh Nzpfaom rdrdoEÅmefrS

ukodkvfpdwf? apwodufw&m;taygif;udk ac:\/

xdkukodkvfpdwfwGif apwodufrsm;vnf;ygoNzifh ,HkMunfrIo'¨gESifh ynmygrS

o&P*HktxaNrmuf\/ þwGif o'¨gqdkonfrSm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,f&m trSef[lí

em;vnf,HkMunfNcif;ESifh ynmqdkonfrSm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,f&m trSef[lí odaomtodÓPfudk

qdkvdkonf/

xdkUNyif udk;uG,fxdkufonfh 0w¬Kuvnf; trSefwu,f udk;uG,f&m NzpfaMumif;rSefrS

o&P*HkaNrmuf\/ odkUNzpfí udk;uG,fwdkif; o&P*Hk rNzpfonfudk rSwf&m\/ oHo&m0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS



vGwfaNrmufap&ef rdrdu udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m[lí qnf;uyfNcif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf qif;&Jy,fazsmuf?

csrf;oma&mufatmif apmifha½SmifhwwfaMumif; odaompdwfwdkUonf o&P*Hkrnf\/

(usrf;udk;/ / OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH)

------------------------------

o&P*HkygVd\ teuf

-Ak'¨H? NrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ o&PH? udk;uG,f&m[lí/ *pämrd? ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\

t½Sifbk&m;/

-"r®H? w&m;awmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? udk;uG,f&m[lí/ *pämrd? ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\

t½Sifbk&m;/

-oHCH? oHCmawmfNrwfudk/ o&PH? udk;uG,f&m[lí/ *pämrd? ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\

t½Sifbk&m;/

('kwd,rÜd? ESpfBudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H-ponfwdkU\ teufudk a½S;twdkif; qdkyg/ wwd,rÜd?

oHk;BudrfaNrmufvnf;/ Ak'¨H-ponfwdkU\ teufudk a½S;twdkif; qdkyg/)


------------------------------

o&P*Hk cH,lyHk 4-rsdK;

o&P*Hk cH,l&mü cH,lyHk tNcif;t&m 4 rsdK;½Sd\/ xdk 4 rsdK;udkyif o&P*Hk 4 rsdK;[k ac:a0:Mu\/

¤if; 4 rsdK;wdkUrSm -

1/ twåoEéd,smwe o&P*Hk

2/ wyÜ&m,Pwm o&P*Hk

3/ odóbm0ly*re o&P*Hk

4/ yPdygw o&P*Hk

1/ &wemoHk;yg;udk tm½HkNyKvsuf ]],aeUrS tpNyKí igonf ig\udk,fudk bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm; tyfESif;yg\}} [k rdrdudk,fudk &wemoHk;yg;tm; pGefUvTwftyfESif;Ncif;udk

twåoEéd,smwe o&P*Hk [kac:onf/



2/ ]],aeUrS pí igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif tm;udk;yg\? tm;xm;yg\/

udk;uG,fyg\/ vnf;avsmif;yg\}} [k &wemoHk;yg;udkom tm;udk; tm;xm;Ncif;?

udk;uG,fvnf;avsmif;Ncif;udk wyÜ&m,Pwm o&P*Hk [kac:onf/

3/ ]],aeUrS pí igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ teD;aewynfh Nzpfonf}} [k

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpf uyfa&mufNcif;? cH,lNcif;udk odóbm0ly*re o&P*Hk [kac:onf/

4/ ]],aeUrS pí igonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udkomvQif ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;?

vuftkyfcsDNcif;? t½dktaoNyKNcif; trIwdkUudk NyKyg\}} [k &wemNrwfoHk;yg;ü txGwftNrwftNzpfNzifh

vGefpGm ½dkaoyspf0yfNcif;udk yPdygw o&P*Hk [kac:onf/

þudk;uG,fqnf;uyfyHk av;rsdK;wGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;Nzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;&mtNzpf udk;uG,fqnf;uyfvWif

o&P*Hk cH,lrIudpö NyD;aNrmufonf/

(oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm? pm 206-7)


------------------------------

o&P*Hkaqmufwnfenf; 4-rsdK;

]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} ponfNzifh ½Gwfqdkí o&P*Hk aqmufwnfenf;rSwyg;

o&P*Hkaqmufwnfenf; 4-rsdK;udk usrf;*efwdkUü NyqdkMuao;\/ ,if;o&P*Hk aqmufwnfenf; 4-

rsdK;um; -

1/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfNzifh? rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;Ncif;

(twåoEéd,smwe)/ w&m;tm;xkwfolwdkU rdrdcE¨mudk,ftay: wG,fwmrIr½Sdatmif ]]bkef;awmfBuD;aom

NrwfpGmbk&m;- wynfhawmfonf þcE¨mudk,fudk NrwfpGmbk&m;tm; pGefUvSL tyfESif;ygonfbk&m;}} [lí

ur®|mef; rpD;Nzef;rD rdrdudk,fudk pGefUvSLNcif;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/

2/ bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;rS wyg; udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m rSDcdktm;xm;&m r½Sd?

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m rSDcdktm;xm;&m ½Sd\[k cH,lNcif; (wyÜ&m,P)/

aomwmyef tmV0ubDvl;BuD;onf &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: tvGeftm;xm;,HkMunfoNzifh pdwfü



rsdKodyfxm;EdkifpGrf; r½Sd&um; ]]wynfhawmfonf a&mufav&m t&yfwdkif;ü bk&m;½Siftm; tNrJ ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfvsuf

w&m;awmfNrwfudkvnf; tvGefaumif;Nrwfaom w&m;[k aNymqdkum vSnfhvnfoGm;vm aexdkifygrnf}} [k

cH,laom o&P*HkrsdK; Nzpfygonf/

3/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpfudk cH,lNcif; (odóbm0ly*re)/

t½Sifr[muóy\ &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: wu,fh bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm tppftrSeftNzpf

,HkMunfouf0ifí bk&m;½Siftm; NrifvQifNrifcsif; wynhftNzpf rSwfawmfrl&ef wynfhcH avQmufxm;vsuf

wynfhtNzpf cH,lNcif;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/

4/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoav;NrwfpGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (yPdygw)/ bk&m;½Sif\

aNcawmfudk acgif;Nzifh wdkufç yg;pyfNzifh pkyfç vufNzifh tm;&yg;&qkyfe,fum ]]t½Sifbk&m; . . . wynhfawmf

NA[®m,k ykPÖm;ygbk&m;}} [k trnf azmfMum; avQmufxm;vsuf ½Sdcdk;Ncif;rsdK; Nzpfygonf/

tcsKyftm;Nzifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfNzifh rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;Ncif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk

rSDcdktm;xm;Ncif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpfudk cH,lNcif;ESifh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ½dkaopGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif;

av;rsdK;teuf wrsdK;rsdK;Nzifh aqmufwnfvQif ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} ponf r½Gwfqdkapumrl

o&P*HkwnfEdkifygonf/


------------------------------

&wemoHk;yg;ESifhpyfí rSwfzG,f

bk&m; w&m;/ / ,cktcg pOf;pm;avh½SdolwdkUonf ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} paom o&P*Hkü

]]oufawmfxif½Sm; NrwfpGmbk&m;udk udk;uG,f&rnf/ apwDawmfrsm;um; bk&m;½Sif\ t½dk;"mwfawmfudk

Xmyemxm;&m Nzpfívnf;aumif;? ½kyfyHk qif;wkawmfrsm;rSm bk&m;½Sif\ yHkawmfudk pGrf;EdkiforQ

twkNyKvkyfxm;aom yHkawmfrsm; Nzpfívnf;aumif; bk&m;½Sifudk &nfrSef;í udk;uG,fylaZmf&m Xmersm;

NzpfMuonf}} [k em;vnfMuayNyD/ w&m;udk udk;uG,f&müvnf; ]]udavom tnpftaMu;wdkUudk

y,f½Sm;Edkifaom r*fw&m;? zdkvfw&m;? edAÁmefw&m;awmfrsm;ESifh bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrltyfaom w&m;ppf

w&m;rSefrsm;udkom udk;uG,f&rnf}} [k em;vnfMuayNyD/



oHCm/ / ]]oHCmudk udk;uG,fyg\}} [k o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&müum; pdwfxJrSm &[ef;oHCmtrsdK;rsdK;

ay:vmaomaMumifh ausauseyfeyf udk;uG,fvdkpdwf rNzpfEdkifMu/ xdkodkU Nzpf&ü bkef;BuD;wdkU uav;t½G,fu

pdwfaepdwfxm;udk Nyefí owd&awmhonf/ bk&m;½Sdcdk;&mü uav;\ pdwfonf a½SUrSm½Sdaom apwDawmf?

qif;wkawmfxuf ydkvGefí bk&m;½Sif tppfwdkifatmif rrSef;EdkifcJhyg/ txufwef;pmudk oif&aomtcgusrS

apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfrsm;udk ½Sdcdk;wdkif; bk&m;½Siftppfa&mufatmif xGif;azmufí tm½HkNyKEdkifygonf/

xdkUtwl ykxkZOf &[ef; oHCmrsm;udk apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfrsm;uJhodkU oabmxm;í t&d,m

NzpfNyD;aom &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk bk&m;tppfvdk oabmxm;vsuf pOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg tawmf

pdwf½Sif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfrsm;udk a½Twd*Hk? r[mNrwfrkedwdkUuJhodkU tvGef

tqifhtwef; Nrifhaeonfudkvnf; zl;awGUMu&\/ bk&m;'um bk&m;trESifh udk;uG,fol ½Gmom;wdkU

tNyKtNyif rwwfrIaMumifh royÜm,faom apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfrsm;udkvnf; (rvTJra½Smifom)

NrifawGU&\/

oyÜm,faom apwDawmf qif;wkawmfrsm;udk zl;aNrmf&aomtcg vGefpGm tm;&í oufawmfxif½Sm;

bk&m;udkvnf; owd&ouJhodkU tqifhtwef; NrifhNrifhESifh w&m;usifhaeaom omoemhwm0efudk tm;oGef

MudK;pm;aeaom &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk zl;aNrmf&aomtcg ]]aMomf bk&m;vufxufawmfü

t½Sifr[muóy paom oHCmawmfrsm;onf þodkU usifhawmfrlMuayvdrfhrnf/ t½Sifom&dykwå&m?

t½Sifarm*¾v’mef? t½SifOygvd? t½SiftEk½k'¨g? t½SiftmeE´m? t½Sif&m[kvm paom oHCmawmfrsm;onf

þodkUyif omoemhwm0efudk tm;oGefMudK;pm;awmf rlMuayvdrfhrnf}} [k t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;ü

xifNrifvmatmif ESpfoufNcif;udk aqmifEdkifMuygvdrfhrnf/ xdkuJhodkU xifvm Nrifvmatmifvnf;

owdxm;rdMuygap/

royÜm,faom apwD qif;wkawmfrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg ]]'D&yfol i,fom;awG tod tvdr®m

enf;ao;vdkU ,ckvdk apwD qif;wkawmfrsm; royÜm,f rwifhw,fbJ ½SdaeMu&onf/ &yfol e,fom;wdkU

tod tvdr®m wdk;yGg;vmvQif þapwD qif;wkawmfrsm;udk om;em;oyÜm,fatmif Nc,fvS,fEdkifayvdrfhrnf}}

[k &yfole,fom;wdkU\ todÓPfudk Nr§ifhwifvdkaom pdwfqE´om Nzpfay:vmí qif;wk apwDawmfrsm;\

royÜm,frIudk tNypfrNrifEdkifawmhouJhodkU xdkUtwl tqifhtwef; rNrifh r<u,f royÜm,faom &[ef;

oHCmawmfrsm;udk awGU&NyefvQifvnf; omoemudk udk;uG,faom vlwpfpk\ todÓPfenf;rIudkom

tNypfwifum rawmfravsmf oGm;vm aexdkifolwdkUtay:rSm tNypfrwifombJ ½Sdygvdrfhrnf/



bk&m;ay;aom o&P*Hk/ / bk&m;½Sifonf ]]qwå}} rnfaom wuúodkvfausmif;om;

wpfa,muftm; Ak'¨-"r®-o&P*Hk ay;awmfrlNyD;aemuf oHCmho&P*Hk ay;awmfrl&mü ]]t&d,m

oHCmawmfudk udk;uG,f qnf;uyfavmh}} [k rdefUawmfrlygonf/ (qwårmP0 0drme0w¬K) xdkUaMumifh

,cktcg ]]oHCH o&PH *pämrd = oHCmawmfudk qnf;uyf udk;uG,fyg\}} [l o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&mü

t&d,m oHCmawmfudkom &nfrSef;í aqmufwnfMuygav/ oHCmEkówd ur®|mef; pD;Nzef;aom

tcgvnf; ]]okyÜ#dyEé}} paom *kPfawmfrsm;ESifh NynfhpHkNyD;aom t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;udkom

tm½HkNyK&ygonf/ oHCmh*kPfawmftzGifhü t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;csnf; yg0ifyHkudk Nyefí owdNyKyg/

&wemhokwfy&dwfawmfvm oHCmh*kPfudk Ny&müvnf; t&d,m oHCmawmfrsm;om Nzpfygonf/

ykxkZOf oHCmvnf; rvGwf/ / oufawmfxif½Sm; bk&m;r½Sdaom ,cktcgü bk&m;½Sifudk

vSL'gef;ylaZmfvdkvQif bk&m;udk &nfrSef;í apwDawmf? qif;wkawmfudkom vSL'gef;ylaZmf&awmhouJhodkU

xdkUtwl t&d,m oHCmudk &nfrSef;í vSL'gef;ylaZmfvdkvQif awGU&m MuHK&m ykxkZOfoHCmudkvnf;

vSL'gef;ylaZmfMu&awmhonf/ ]]tEkwå&H yknacwåH = t&d,m oHCmawmfonf twkr½Sd

aumif;aomv,faNryifwnf;}} [k rdefUawmfrlcsuft& yxrwef; v,f,maNrudk r&vQif 'kwd,wef;

v,f,maNrrSmyif pdkufysdK;&ouJhodkU yxrwef; oHCmudk r&vQif oDvç orm"dç ynmtm;Nzifh 'kwd,wef;

ykxkZOf oHCmawmfudk ½Smí udk;uG,fqnf;uyfzdkU wm0efrSm wdkif;olNynfom;wdkU todÓPfay:üom

wnf\/ tcsKyfrSm yk*¾dKvfaumif;udk a½G;cs,fí udk;uG,fEdkifrSom tusdK;rsm;rsm; &rnf[k qdkvdkygonf/

'kwd,wef; v,f,maNr r½SdvQif wwd,wef; v,f,maNrüvnf; pdkufysdK;Mu&ouJhodkU xdkUtwl

ykxkZOfoHCmrsm;udkvnf; (oHCmudk &nfrSef;í vSL'gef;ylaZmfEdkifvQif) xdkuforQ tusdK;&rnfh

taMumif;udkvnf; csJUxGif pOf;pm;Muygav/ omoemqkwf,kwfonfxuf qkwf,kwfvmaomtcg

]]vnfyif;ü ouFef;ywfxm;aom &[ef;twkudkyif oHCmrSef;í vSL'gef;EdkifvQif ra&rwGufEdkifatmif

tusdK;&Edkif\}} [k 'u©dP0db*Fokwfü a[mawmfrlygonf/

þ o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnfNyD;onfh tqHk;ü oDvay;udk,fawmfu ]]o&P*reH y&dykPÖH}} [k

qdk\/ o&P*reH - o&P*Hkonf? y&dykPÖH - oifwdkU oEÅmefrSm NynfhpHkNyD/ ]]o&P*Hk wnfNyD}} [k

qdkvdkonf/ xdkUaemuf vlrsm;u ]]tmr baEÅ = rSefyghbk&m;}} [k vdkufMuNyefonf/ bk&m;a½SUrSm rdrdbmom

o&P*Hkudk aqmufwnf&müum; ½kyfyGg;awmfu ]]o&P*reH y&dykPÖH}} [k rdefUawmfrrlaomaMumifh

]]wwd,rÜd oHCH o&PH *pämrd}} tqHk;ü ]]tmrbaEÅ}} [k qdkbG,f rvdkawmhay/


------------------------------



&wemNrwf oHk;yg;

avmuü a½T? aiG? pdef? ausmufpaom vlwdkU\ tzdk;wef toHk;taqmifwdkUudk vlwdkU\

pdwfESvHk;udk ½TifNyHK;ESpfouf pGJruf½TifaysmfapwwfaomaMumifh &wem [k ac:Mu\/

xdkUtwlyif Ak'¨=NrwfpGmbk&m;? "r®=w&m;awmf? oHC=oHCmawmfwdkUudkvnf; owå0gwdkU\ pdwfudk

ESpfoufarGUavsmf ½TifaysmfMunfEl;apwwfaomaMumifh &wem [laom trnfxl;Nzifh csD;usL;ylaZmfMu&\/

xdkUaMumifh avmuü bk&m;&wem? w&m;&wem? oHCm&wem[k &wemawmfNrwf oHk;yg;udk

Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; ,HkMunfav;Nrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMu&\/

Ak'¨&wem = bk&m;Nrwf&wem

Ak'¨qdkonfrSm w&m;tvHk;pHkudk udk,fawmfwdkif udk,fydkifÓPfNzifh xdk;xGif;í odNrifaom

tNrwfqHk;yk*¾dKvfudk ac:onf/ Nrefrmvdk NrwfpGmbk&m;[k ac:a0:odrSwfMuonf/ bk&m;Nrwf&wem[k

txGwftNrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMuonf/

Ak'¨=NrwfpGmbk&m; xdk;xGif;odaom trSefw&m;av;yg;rSm-

1/ qif;&JtrSefw&m; ('ku©opöm)

2/ qif;&JNzpfaMumif; trSefw&m; (ork',opöm)

3/ qif;&JcsKyfNidrf;Ncif; trSefw&m; (eda&m"opöm)

4/ qif;&JcsKyfNidrf;aMumif; tusifhvrf; trSefw&m; (r*¾opöm)

Ak'¨NrwfpGmonf *kPfawmf udk;yg;ESifh NynfhpHkonf/

"r®&wem = w&m;Nrwf&wem

,HkMunfí vdkufemol vufawGU usifhMuHtm;xkwfolwdkUudk qif;&JrSvGwfatmif aqmifwwfaom

1-qHk;rMo0g'rsm;

2-usifhpOfrsm;

3-usifhí &NyD;aom r*fÓPf? zdkvfÓPf? edAÁmefwdkUudk

"r®=w&m;[k ac:onf/ w&m;Nrwf&wem[k txGwftNrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMuonf/

qHk;rMo0g'rsm; - raumif;wm tNypfruif;wmudk rvkyfESifh/ aumif;wm tNypfuif;wmudkom NyKvkyf/

wwfEdkiforQ pdwfaumif; pdwfNrwfxm;/



usifhpOfrsm; - ody|mefav;yg;? r*¾if½Spfyg;/

usifhí&½Sdaom w&m;rsm; - r*fÓPfav;yg;? zdkvfÓPfav;yg;? edAÁmef/

w&m;awmfonf *kPfawmf aNcmufyg;ESifh NynfhpHkonf/

oHC&wem = oHCmawmfNrwf&wem

Ak'¨NrwfpGm a[mMum;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; vufawGU usifhMuH tm;xkwfMuoNzifh r*fÓPf?

zdkvfÓPfudk &NyD;aom t&d,m oHCmawmftaygif;ESifh xdk t&d,moHCmawmfwdkU\ tEG,f0if ykxkZOf

&[ef;awmfrsm;udk oHCm[k ac:onf/ oHCmawmfNrwf&wem[k txGwftNrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fMuonf/

t&d,moHCmonf *kPfawmfudk;yg;ESifh NynfhpHkonf/


------------------------------

tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaomo&P*Hk

avmuoHk;yg;ü trSefwu,f udk;uG,f&mtppf NzpfawmfrlMuaom bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm

wnf;[laom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay:ü 'd|d(t,lrSm;rI)? 0dpdudpäm(,HkrSm; oHo,NzpfrI)? oar®m[(awGa0rI)?

to'¨d,(r,HkMunfrI) wnf;[laom raumif;aom udavom tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk y,fazsmufí

xdk&wemNrwfoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&m[k trSefwu,f ,HkMunf MunfndKNcif; o'¨gw&m;

trSefwu,f? ,HkMunfudk;pm; tm;xm;&m[k odNrifaom ynm? av;pm;Ncif; *½ktNcif;t&mrsm;Nzifh

rdrdwdkUo@mefü Nzpfay:aom ukodkvf pdwf? apwodufwdkUomvQif tzdk;rNzwfEdkifaom o&P*Hk

tppftrSefrnf\/

Ak'¨o&P*Hk

½SifawmfNrwfbk&m;onf udk;uG,f&mrJh aeMuukefaomowå0gwdkU\ udk;uG,f tm;xm;&m

tppfwu,fwrf;Nzpfygay\/ oHo&mab;'ku©MuHKae&í aMumufvefUaeMuukefaom

owå0gtaygif;wdkUtm; ab;uif;a&;udk ay;awmfrl\/ olawmfaumif; NzpfMuukefaom ynm½Sdtaygif;wdkU\

'ku©at;p&m tyef;aNzp&m Xmevnf; Nzpfygay\/ udk;uG,f&mudk ½SmrSD;Muukefaom vl ewf NA[®m

owå0gtaygif;wdkU\ udk;uG,f&mtppf wu,fwrf;Nzpfygay\/

xdkUaMumifh opömav;yg;Nrwfbk&m;udk t<uif;rJh ydkif;Ncm; a0zefodNrifEdkifaom? udavom rSeforQudk

t<uif;rJh y,fypfawmfrlNyD;aom NrwfpGmbk&m;tm; oufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdMuonfhtvm;



udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;udk Ak'ö&P*Hk wnfonf[k ac:\/ bk&m;apwD ½kyfyGg;qif;wkawmfrsm;wGifom

pdwfrxm;oifhaMumif; azmfNycJhNyD;Nzpf\/ bk&m;udk udk;uG,f&mtppftrSeftNzpf qnf;uyfNcif;Nzifh

w&m;awmfESifh oHCmawmfwdkUudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;yg wpfNydKifwnf; NyD;pD;\/

"r®o&P*Hk

,HkMunfí vdkufemol? vufawGU usifhMuHtm;xkwfolwdkUudk qif;&JNcif;taygif;rS vGwfatmif

aqmifwwfaom qHk;rMo0g'rsm;? usifhpOfrsm;? usifh&í &½Sdaom r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfedAÁmefwdkUonf

NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifa[mMum;xm;onfh w&m;awmftppftrSefrsm; NzpfMu\/

NrwfAk'ü enf;vrf;toG,foG,fNzifh a[mMum;xm;aom opömw&m;rsm; Nzpfay&m

rnfonfhenf;vrf;MudKufMudKuf vdkufemtm;xkwfygu wu,fhoEÅdokc at;Nidrf;Ncif;&oudk udk,fawGU 'd|

awGUNrifcHpm;&rnfNzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh NrwfAk'ü owå0grsm;udk csrf;omatmif w&m;Nzifh

aqmif½Gufay;&Ncif;Nzpfí w&m;awmfNrwfonfvnf; udk;uG,f&mtppftrSef wu,fwrf; Nzpfawmfrlyg\/

"r®pMum? tewåvu©Pmokwf? r[mowdy|mefpaom bk&m;a[m usrf;pmrsm;? yd#uwfawmfrsm;?

r*fzdkvfedAÁmefa&mufw&m;awmfrsm;tm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;udk "r®o&P*Hkwnfonf[k ac:onf/

oHCo&P*Hk

Nrwfbk&m;½Sif\w&m;awmfrsm;udk a[mMum;Nyoay;awmfrlMuaom twkr½SdvGefNrwfbdaom

owå0gtaygif;wdkU\ aumif;rIrsdK;aphrsm;udk pdkufysdK;MuJcs&m v,faNraumif;rsm;ozG,f NzpfawmfrlMuaom

Nrwfaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;NzpfMuonfh t&d,moHCmawmfwdkUonfvnf; udk;uG,f&mtppf wu,fwrf;

NzpfMuygay\/

tppftrSef razmufNyefaom y&rwåoHCmwnf;[laom t&d,moHCmawmfNrwftm;

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfNcif;udk oHCo&P*Hkwnfonf[k ac:onf/ oHCmqdkonfrSm todtNrifcsif;? oDvcsif;

wlnDMuaom yk*¾dKvftaygif;udk ac:Ncif;Nzpf&m t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;omvQif r*ftodtNrif?

zdkvftodtNrif? ypöa0u©PmtodtNrif (or®m'd|dr*¾if) tm;Nzifhvnf;aumif;? t&d,uEÅoDv

NynfhpHkpifMu,frItm;Nzifhvnf;aumif;? rsufarSmufrsufuG,f t&yfwdkUü tNrJwap wlnDaeMuonfom

Nzpf\/



odkUaomf ykxkZOfoHCmawmfrsm;onf t&d,mrNzpfao;onfhwdkifatmif t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;ESifh

0denf;? odu©mcsif;wlMuoNzifh or®KwdoHCmawmfrsm;taeNzifh ½dkaoav;pm;udk;uG,f

qnf;uyfxdkufonfom Nzpf\/ NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif\ wynfhom;awmf &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; udk,fpm;

t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;udk tm½HkNyKNcif;Nzifh ydkítusdK;rsm;ygonf/


------------------------------

o&P*Hkü txl;tjym;

- þ0w¬K þ"r®udk ½Sdcdk;onf½Sdaomf ig\ ½Sdcdk;rIonf tyg,fab;rS vGwfatmif aqmifEdkifaom

ukokdvfyknrI jzpf\[k ½Sdcdk;\? xdk ½Sdcdk;rIvnf; {uEÅ tyg,fab;rSvGwfatmifaqmifEdkifaom

ukokdvfyknrsdK;jzpfthH xdk0w¬K xdk"r®onf o&Prnf\? udk;uG,f&mxdkufaom 0w¬K"r®rnf\? xdkol\

½Sdcdk;rIonfvnf; o&P*Hkrnf\/

- þ0w¬K þ"r®udk ½Sdcdk;onf½Sdaomf ig\ ½Sdcdk;rIonf tyg,fab;rS vGwfatmif aqmifEdkifaom ukokdvfykn

jzpf\[k ½Sdcdk;um; ½Sdcdk;\? xdk½Sdcdk;rIonf {uEÅ tyg,fab;rS vGwfatmif aqmifEdkifaom ukokdvfyknrsdK;

rjzpf? tcsnf;ESD;aom ½Sdcdk;rIom jzpftHh xdk0w¬K xdk"r®onf o&P r[kwf? udk;uG,f&mxdkufaom 0w¬K"r®rsdK;

r[kwf? xdkol\ ½Sdcdk;rIonfvnf; o&P*Hk rjzpf/

o&PH *pämrd [k qnf;uyfrI aqmufwnfrIüIvnf þenftwdkif;odav/

oabm,kwådum;-

- jzLpifaom oDv? orm"d? ynm paom*kPfonf tvGefrGefjrwfaom ajrqDMoZmESifh wl\/

- xdk*kPfESifhjynfYpHkaom bk&m; w&m; oHCmonf xdkajrqDMoZmESifh jynfYpkHaom v,fcif;ESifh wl\/

- xdkbk&m; w&m; oHCmudk tm½HkjyKí wG,fwm wnfpkdufí rdrd oEÅmefüjzpfaom pdwf apwemonf

xdkv,fcif;rSm pkdufysdK;aom pyg;rsdK;aphESifh wl\/

jzLpifaom oDv orm"d ynm tp½Sdaom*kPfrS uif;í tcsnf;ESD;aom rdpäm0dwufrsdK;ESifh

aeaomolonf tqD MoZm oufoufr½Sdaom tvGefajcmufaom uswfwD;ukef;jyifESifh wl\? xdkolukd

qdkcJYNyD;aomenf;jzifh ½Sdcdk;aomtrI qnf;uyfaom trIrsm;onf xdkuswfwD;ukef;jyifrSm BuJysdK;aom

pyg;rsdK;ESifh wl\? ukokdvfykn rjzpf? tcsnf;ESD;omwnf;/



urÇmpOfquf vlynm½Sd &aoh &[ef; ykPÖm; ynm½SdwdkY\ tpOfü xif½Sm;pGm vmcJYaom

ukokdvfw&m; jzpfyGm;rI enf;vrf;rsdK;? tukokdvfw&m; jzpfyGm;rIenf;vrf;rsdK;? 'kpö½kdufenf;vrf;rsdK;?

okp½kdufenf;vrf;rsdK;? ok*wdtvm; 'k*¾wdtvm; enf;vrf;rsdK;onf ½Sd\? xdkenf;vrf;rsdK;wdkYwGif wpfckaom

enf;vrf;rsdK;ukdyif y,fzsufí tjypf½Sdonfukd tjypfr½Sd tusdK;½Sdonfudk tusdK;r½Sd[k

t,lrdpäm½Sdaomolonf rD;vQH rD;awmufxíaeaom ausmufzsmtjyifESifhwl\? xdkolukd

qdkcJYNyD;aomenf;jzifh ½Sdcdk;aom trI qnf;uyfaom trIonf xdkausmufzsm tjyifrSm rsdK;BuJonfESifh wl\?

tusdK;r½Sdonfhjyif wpfukd,fvHk;ukd rD;vQHoifhavao;\/

xdko&P*Hkonf-(1)okwo&P*Hk (2)'d|o&P*Hk[lí ESpfyg;tjym;½Sd\? xdkESpfyg;wGif ouúm,'d|d

0dpdudpämwdkY\ aysmufNidrf;&maom cE¨m"r®? tm,we"r®? "mwk"r®wdkY\ tjzpftysufudk jrifEdkifaom

or®m'd|dÓPfum; r½Sd? MunfndK bG,faom bk&m;*kPf w&m;*kPf oHCm*kPf omoemh*kPfwdkYudk

Mum;emrSwfom; o'¨gyGm;í qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom o&P*Hkonf okwo&P*Hkrnf\? bk&m; w&m;

oCFm &wemokH;yg;udk jrifaom o&P*kHr[kwf bk&m; w&m; oCFm &wemokH;yg;ukd awGUaom

o&P*Hkr[kwf omoe"r®udkjrifaom o&P*Hkr[kwf omoe"r®ukdawGUaom o&P*Hkr[kwf [lvdkonf/

xdkYaMumifh-

a,m acg 0uúvd "r®H e yówd?

aom rH e yówd/ (cE¨0*¾oH,kwåygVd)

[lí a[mawmfrlonf/

0uúvd=0uúvd&[ef;? acg=pifppf? a,m=tMuifolonf? "r®H=cE¨m emrf½kyfw&m;ukd? e

yówd=jrifEdkifaomÓPfr½Sd? aom=xdkolonf? rH=igbk&m;ukd? e yówd=rjrif/

jrwfpGmbk&m;\ teD;tem;ü tNrJaeí aeYrpJ nOfhrpJ tNrJ½Sdcdk;ylaZmf zl;ajrmfíaeaom

0uúvd&[ef;udk a[mawmfrlaom a'oemawmf/

þa'oemawmfukd axmufí rdrdudk,frSm cE¨m emrf½kyf w&m;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? cE¨m

emrf½kyfw&m;wdkY\ jzpfrI ysufrIudkvnf;aumif; rjrifEdkifaom olwdkY\ o&P*Hkonf 'd|o&P*Hkr[kwf?

okwo&P*HkrQom jzpfaMumif;ukd qdkEdkif odEdkif&mownf;/



'd|o&P*Hk qdkonfum;-ouúm,'d|d 0dpdudpämwdkY\ aysmufNidrf; &maom cE¨m tm,we

"mwfwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? xdkcE¨m tm,we "mwfwdkY\ jzpfrI ysufrIudkvnf;aumif; jrifEdkifaom

or®m'd|dÓPfESifh jynfhpkHaomol\ o&P*Hkonf 'd|o&P*Hk rnf\? bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemokH;yg;ukd

jrif&aomo&P*HkawGU&aomo&P*Hk qdkvdkonf/

a,m acg 0uúvd "r®H yówd? aom rH yówd/

(cE¨0*¾oH,kwå ygVdawmf/ / teufvG,fNyD)

'ku©H 'ku©orkyÜg'H? 'ku©óp twduúrH/

t&d,|*ØuH r*¾H? 'ku©Lyor *grdeH/ /

{wH acg o&PH acrH? {wH o&P rkwårH/

{wH o&P rm*r®? oAÁ'ku©m yrkpöwd/ /

("r®y'ygVdawmf)

'ku©H='ku©opömukdvnf;? yówd=jrif\? 'ku©orkyÜg'H='ku©jzpfyGm;aMumif;udkvnf;? yówd=jrif\?

'ku©ó='ku©opöm\? twduúrH=vGefajrmuf csKyfNidrf;rIukdvnf;? yówd=jrif\? 'ku©Lyor*grdeH='ku©\

Nidrf;rIokdY qdkufapwwfaom? t&d,Ht|*ØuHr*¾H=t|*Øu t&d,r*fudkvnf;? yówd=jrif\? acg=pifppf?

{wH=þtjrifav;csufonfomvQif? acrH=ab;uif;aom? o&PH=udk;uG,f&mjzpf\?

{wH=þtjrifav;csufonfomvQif? OwårH=jrwfaom? o&PH=ukd;uG,f&mjzpf\? {wHo&PH=þukd;

uG,f&mukd? tm*r®=qnf;uyfí? 0g=a&mufí&í? oAÁ'ku©m=tvHk;pkHaom 0#f'ku©rS? yrkpöwd=vGwfEdkif\/

þum; 'd|o&P*Hkwnf;/

þ'd|o&P*Hkonf xkwfjycJYNyD;aom cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfukd tpOfavQmufí yxr 'd|o&P*Hkç

'kwd,ç wwd,ç pwkw¬ç yOörç q|ç owår 'd|o&P*Hk[lí ckepfyg;½Sd\/ / aumov’Xme ckepfyg;ESifh

tpOftwdkif;,SOfav/

OyrmqdkOD;tHh-BuD;pGmaom ElempJGuyfí 'ku©jyif;pGm cHae&aom olESpfa,mufonf ½Sdowwf?

ElemBuD;rsdK;ukd aysmufatmifukpm;Edkifaom 0dZÆmr,aq;orm;BuD;vnf; ½Sd\? wpfa,mufaomolonf

aq;q&mESifh ,lZemwpf&m uGma0;\? aq;q&mBuD;ukd rjrifbl;ay? aq;q&mBuD;txHrS tqifhqifh



,laqmifí a&mufvmaom aq;ukdawGU&í aumif;pGm rDS0Jjcif;aMumifh ElemBuD; tukefaysmufí rdarG;wdkif;

barG;wdkif; ½Sdav\/

wpfa,mufaom olonfum; aq;q&mBuD;tdrfrSm wG,fwmí ae\? aq;ukdrlum; cg;onf

eHonf[k raomufrrsdK? aq;orm;BuD;\ bkef;vmbfukdrDSí tpm;taomufukdom tm;xkwf\?

temwdk;rIom ½Sd\? ElemBuD;aysmufNidrf;aom olomvQif aq;q&mBuD;\ ynmpGrf; aq;\tpGrf;ukd

udk,fawGU'd|odjrif&aomol jzpf\? aq;q&mBuD;\ tdrfrSm wG,fwmrDSuyfíae&aom olonfum;

aq;q&mBuD;\ ynmpGrf; aq;\ tpGrf;ukd udk,fawGU'd| odjrif&aom olr[kwf aq;q&mBuD;\ ynmpGrf;

aq;\tpGrf;ukd em;rSm Mum;od½kHrQom ½Sd\? þOyrmtwdkif; rSwfav/

xdkYaMumifh- jyqdkcJYNyD;aom aumov’Xme ckepfyg;wdkYü aumov’ tjzpfokdY a&mufjcif;iSm

aumif;pGm tm;xkwfíaeaomolonf Ak'¨o&P*Hk "r®o&P*Hk oHCmho&P*Hkukd wrifaqmufwnfzG,f

udpör½Sd bk&m;oGm; zG,fudpö r½Sd? xdktvkyfudk tm;rxkwfEdkifaom okwo&P*Hkorm;wdkY\ trIomwnf;?

okwo&P*Hkorm;wdkY\ o&P*Hkonfum; ,aeYigwdkYbk&m; wynfhç eufjzefcg bk&m;wpfyg; ajymif;Edkif\?

'd|o&P*Hkorm;rlum; toufudktaocHvQifom cHawmYrnf? pdwfapwemESifhwuG bk&m;wpfyg;

rajymif;EdkifNyD/

(usrf;udk;/ / v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ Owåryk&do 'DyeDusrf;)

------------------------------

o&P*Hk ESpfrsdK;

ykxkZOf yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oEÅmefü ,HkMunf qnf;uyfrINzifh wnfaom avmuD o&P*Hk? t&d,mwdkU\

oEÅmefü r*fÓPfESifh twlwuG Nzpfwnfvmaom avmukwå&m o&P*Hk [k 2-rsdK; ½Sd\/ avmuD

o&P*Hkonf npfvnf; npfEGrf;Edkif\/ ysufvnf; ysufpD;Edkif\/ avmukwå&m o&P*Hkonf npfvnf;

rnpfEGrf;? ysufvnf; rysufpD;ay/ (ck'´uyg|-| 7)


------------------------------



o&P*Hk 2-rsdK;

1-avmuDo&P*Hk

ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oEÅmefü ,HkMunfqnf;uyfrINzifh wnfaomo&P*Hk Nzpf\/ o&P*Hk

npfnL;aMumif;w&m;awGudk y,fazsmufNyD; &wem NrwfoHk;yg;*kPfudk wdkuf½dkuftm½HkNyKum

oD;Ncm;aqmufwnfrS NyD;NynfhpHkaom o&P*Hk Nzpfonf/ þo&P*Hkonf npfEGrf;Edkif? ysufpD;Edkif\/

þb0wGif rnpfEGrf;? rysufpD;vQif aemifb0wdkUü npfEGrf;ysufpD;Edkif\/ tusdK;tm;Nzifh aumif;aomb0ü

Nzpf&Ncif;? pnf;pdrfOpömNynfhpHkNcif; ponfwdkUudk cHpm;&\/

2-avmukwå&mo&P*Hk

opömw&m;NrifNyD;Muukefaom t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ r*f&onfhcPü r*fÓPfESifhtwl

Nzpfay:vm&aom o&P*HkNzpf\/ þyk*¾dKvfrsdK;onf o&P*Hk npfnL;aMumif;Nzpfonfhw&m;rsm;udk

zsufqD;ypfNcif;? tNrpfNzwfypfNcif;Nzifh raqmufwnf&bJESifh o&P*HkwnfaeMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsdK; Nzpf\/

wpfenf;tm;Nzifh t&d,mopömudk odNrifNcif;onf avmukwå&mo&P*Hkyif Nzpf\/ edAÁmefr&rD

b0qufwdkif;ü wnfNrJ\/ tusdK;tm;Nzifh t&d,mzdkvfw&m;av;yg; Nzpf\/ t&d,mwdkUonf o&P*Hkudk

tm½HkrNyKaomfvnf; edAÁmefudk tm½HkNyK&if;Nzifh r*fyGg;rsm;rI? &wemoHk;yg;\*kPfodrI udpörsm;tm;vHk;

wpfNydKifwnf; NyD;NynfhpHk\/ xdkUaMumifh t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oD;Ncm;aqmufwnf&efrvdkaom

o&P*HkNzpfonf/

avmuDo&P*Hk 2-rsdK;

1-ÓP0dyÜ,kwfo&P*Hk

olwpfyg;u apcdkif;íNzpfap? rdrdudk,füuNzpfap? &wemoHk;yg;udk MunfndKNyD; o&P*Hk

aqmufwnfaomfvnf; &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfawmfponfwdkUudk rodem;rvnfaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ o&P*Hkudk

ÓPfrygaomo&P*Hk[k ac:\/

2/ÓPoorÜ,kwfo&P*Hk

&wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfawmfponfwdkUudk od½Sdem;vnfNyD; &wemoHk;yg;udk MunfndKo'¨gyGg;rsm;rdí

o&P*Hkaqmufwnfaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ o&P*Hkudk ÓPfygaomo&P*Hk[k ac:\/


------------------------------



o&P*Hkt*Fg&yfrsm;

atmufygt*Fg&yfrsm;teuf t*Fg&yfwpfyg;yg;ESifh NynfhpHkvQif o&P*Hk wnf\ -

1-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tm; o'¨g,HkMunfpdwfNzifh rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;Ncif;/

2-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m[lí rSDcdktm;xm;Ncif;/

3-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpf cH,lNcif;/

4-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk trSefwu,f ½dkaowkyf0yfpGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif;/


------------------------------

o&P*kHcH,lrI &rIukdjyjcif;

o&P*kH cH,laqmufwnfrIukd þokdYusrf;*efwkdYü vm\/

o&P*reH ye {ubdu©Kó 0g oEÅdau oHCó 0g *Pó 0g ouð *[dwH

*[dwar0 a[mwd/ «oDvu©eft|uxm/»

o&P*kHcH,laqmufwnfrIrnfonf wpfOD;wpfa,mufaom &[ef;\txHüvnf;aumif;ç 2-yg;-

3-yg;aom *kdPf;\ txHüaomfvnf;aumif;ç 4-yg;- 5-yg;paomoHCm\ txHüaomf vnf;aumif;

wpfBudrfwpfcg cH,laqmufwnfonf½Sdaomf toufxufqkH; cH,laqmufwnfrI NyD;onfomvQifjzpf\?

c&pf,mefbmomtp½Sdaom ukd;uG,f&mbmomwpfyg;okdY rajymif;onf½Sdaomf xyfrHí tzefzeftcgcg

cH,laqmufwnfbG,fudpör½Sd-[lvkdonf/

«,ckumvüuJhokdY tzefzeftcgcgcH,laqmufwnfrI\ tusKd;rlum; yXrcef;rSmjyqkdcJhNyD? "kwif

aqmufwnfykHukd jyqkdaom usrf;*efrsm;ukd axmufxm;í apwDç ykxkd;txHü cH,laqmufwnfrIukdvnf;

odav/»

rdrdtdrfrSmyif tvkdtavsmuf cH,laqmufwnfvQif ajrmufaMumif;ukdrlum;- jyqkdcJhNyD;aom

t|uxmygXf\ tzGifhjzpfaom oDvu©efr[m#DumBuD;ü-

{ubdu©Kó 0gwdtm'd OygoumeH wxmorm'gae tmpdPÖH 'V§w&H orm'geOö

'aówkH 0kwåH? o&PH ye awoH omrH orm'dEérÜd orm'dEéar0 a[mwd/

[lírdefYqkd\/



o&P*kHcH,lrIç &rIukdjyjcif;

rdrdtvkdtavsmufaqmufwnfí ajrmufonfukd ¤if;#DumBuD;ü rdefYqkdojzifh

b,fyk*¾dKvftxHrSmrqkd cH,laqmufwnfvQif rajrmufonf[lír½Sd? cH,lrIç aqmufwnfrIonfom vkd&if;

y"mejzpfí omraPç odu©rmefç oDwif;onfç &aohç y&AkdZfwkdYtxHrSmyif cH,laqmufwnfvQif ajrmuf\-

[k xif½Sm;avownf;/

þt&mü cH,laqmufwnfrI qkdonfrSm-

tpcH,laqmufwnfrIukdom qkdvkd&if;jzpfonf? i,f&G,fpOftcgü wpfBudrfwpfcg

cH,laqmufwnfrIukd jyKNyD;onhfaemufü ,ckumvüuJhokdY oDvESifhtwl tzefzefxyfrHí

cH,laqmufwnfrIwkdYüum;- b,fyk*¾dKvf txHü cH,laqmuf&rnf[lí qkdbG,fudpöyif r½Sd?

ukokdvftopftopf yGifhvif;½kHrQ cH,laqmufwnf&aomt&mrsKd;jzpfí 0pDab'jyKvQif ukokdvftopf

yGifhvif;rIajrmufawmhonf/

i,f&G,fpOftcgü wpfBudrfwpfcgcH ,laqmufwnfrIqkdonfum;- pum;NyDptcgü rdbwkdY\

oGefoifwkdufwGef;rIESifhyifNyD;\/

xkdYaMumifh-

wH tw¬awm Ak'¨g'Dok wDok 0w¬Lok o'¨gy#dvmabm o'¨grlvdum p or®m'd|d?

'ook yknud&d,0w¬Lok 'd|KZkur®EÅd 0kpöwd/

[lívmaom oDvu©eft|uxmç rlvyPÖmot|uxmç t*kFwådK&ft|uxmBuD;wkdY\ tzGifhjzpfaom

#DumBuD;wkdYü-

o'¨gy#dvmabmwd£rdem rmwm'D[d Oóm[dw'g&um'DeH 0d, ÓP0dyÜ,kwåH

o&P*reH 'aówd/

[lírdefYqkdMuukef\/

«t|uxmygXfü- wH=xkdo&P*kH[lonf? o'¨gy#dvmabmp=vnf; aumif;? or®m'd|dp=vnf;aumif;

wnf;-[k a,mZemav/»

y#doaE¨uyif o&P*kHwnfaom0w¬K

wpf&Ha&mtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oHokrm&*d&dNrdKUokdY <ua&mufawmfrl\? aAm"drif;om;onf

vkvifwpfa,mufESifh bk&m;xHokdYvmí csrf;omokcrnfonfukd 'ku©ESifh&if;rS &Ekdifonf[k xifrdygaMumif;



avQmufxm;\? xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf [kwfvS\rif;om;-[k rdefYawmfrlí bk&m;tjzpf[laom

okcukd&jcif;iSg 6-ESpfywfvkH; usifh&aom 'kuú&p&d, 'ku©ukd tus,ftm;jzifh a[mawmfrl\?

a'oemtqkH;ü aAm"drif;om;onf ]]tbduúEÅH baEÅ}} tp½Sdaom pum;jzifh a'oemawmfukd

MunfndKcsD;rGrf;\? o&P*kHukd raqmufwnf/

xkdtcgvkvifu t½Sifrif;om;onf onfvkdcsnf; vkyfonf? a'oemawmfukdom

MunfndKcsD;rGrf;onf? o&P*kHukdum;-aqmufwnfonf[lír½Sd-[k qkdavonf/

xkdtcg vkvif...igum; o&P*kH aqmufwnfbG,fudpö r½Sd? r,fawmf\0rf;ü

y#doaE¨wnfpOftcg ig\r,fawmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m; txHawmfokdYa&mufí o&P*kH

aqmufwnfaomtcg rdrdtwGufwpfBudrfç ig\twGufwpfBudrf 2-BudrfxyfrHí aqmufwnfonf?

xkdYaMumifh igonf rzGm;rDuyif o&P*kHwnfNyD;jzpfonf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;a½SUawmfü vkviftm;

aAm"drif;om; ajymMum;ay\/

,cktcgü o'¨gynm½SdMuaom rmwk*grwkdYvnf; rdrd0rf;üudef;aom oli,f\

bkef;BuD;ouf½Snfapjcif;iSg twkckd;bkdYaumif;vS\? þ0w¬Kukdaxmufí vlwkdYo&P*kHrnfonf &wem 3-

yg;ukd txGwftjrwf-[k ,kHMunfí odí ig\ukd;uG,f&mwnf;-[k pdwfjzpfíaevQif xkdolü

o&P*kHwnfawmhonf? xkdpdwfukd rpGefYorQumvywfvkH; b,folukdyif qnf;uyfukd;uG,faomfvnf;

o&P*kHysufonf[k r½SdNyD-rSwfav/

xkdtppGmaqmufwnfrIrSm-

1/ ,cktcgü omoemykdif omoemjyK q&mawmfBuD;\txHrSmyif cH,laqmufwnfaomfvnf;

xkdq&mawmfBuD;ukd ukd;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyfaomtrIr[kwf? q&mawmfBuD;ukd a½S;½IjyKí wkdifwnf½kHrQ

oGefoifí ay;ap½kHrQom jzpfonf? o&P*kHrSmrlum;- EIwf>rufrIESifhNyD;pD;avonf/

2/ 2-yg;ç 3-yg;aom*kdPf;\ txHrSm cH,l&müvnf;aumif;ç 4-yg;ç 5-yg;tp½Sdaom

oHCm\txHrSm cH,l&müvnf;aumif; xkd*kdPf;oHCmwkdYukd ukd;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyfonfr[kwf?

*kdPf;oHCmwkdYukd a½S;½IjyKí wkdifwnf½kHrQ oGefoifí ay;ap½kHrQom jzpfonf? o&P*kHrSmrlum;-

EIwf>ruf½kHrQESifh NyD;apavonf/



,cko&P*kHoGefoifí ay;Muol q&mawmfBuD; *kdPf;oHCmBuD;wkdYonfrlum;-

rdrdwkdYay;Muaom o&P*kHtwGif;ü rdrdwkdYygxkdufrS ygMu&vdrfhrnf? rygxkdufvQif rygMu&? ygxkdufç

rygxkdufukd aemufrSqkdvwåHU/

þokdYvQif o&P*kHay;onf? OykofoDvay;onf-[laompum;rsKd;ü oGefoifí ay;rIukdom

qkdvkd&if;jzpfonf? omoemykdifq&mawmfBuD;yifjzpfaomfvnf; þolü o&P*kHwnfapç 5-

yg;oDvwnfapç 8-yg;Oykofwnfap-[k tpkd;&rIESifh ay;Ekdifaom trIrsKd;r[kwf? cH,laqmufwnfol\

ukd,fç EIwfç ESvkH;onfom ay;Ekdifavonf? 0pDab'>rufqkdrIonfom y"mejzpfavonf?

b,fyk*¾Kdvf\txHrSm cH,laomfvnf; 0pDab'twGufESifhom o&P*kHoDv &Muavonf?

xkdyk*¾dKvf\ay;rIESifh &Muonfr[kwf/

«þum;-o&P*kHcH,lrI txl;tjym;ç o&P*kH&rI txl;tjym;ukd xif½Sm;pGm jyqkdvkdufaom

pum;wpf&yfwnf;/»


------------------------------

o&P*Hkysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh rysufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif;

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoav;NrwfpGm ½Sdcdk;Ncif; ]]o&P*Hk}}ESifh pyfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif; 4-rsdK;udk odtyf\/

xdk½Sdcdk;Ncif; 4-rsdK;um; -

1/aqGrsdK;tNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (Ówd)?

2/aMumufí ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (b,)?

3/q&mNzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif; (tmp&d,)?

4/Nrwfaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;Ncif; ('u©daP,s) -

[lí 4-rsdK;½Sd\/

xdkwGif aemufqHk; Nrwfaom tvSLcH ('u©daP,s) yk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;Ncif; wpfrsdK;om o&P*Hk

aNrmufaom ½Sdcdk;Ncif; Nzpf\/ usef½Sdcdk;Ncif; 3-rsdK;wdkUum; o&P*HkraNrmuf? ½Sdcdk;Ncif;aMumifh o&P*Hk

ysuf&müvnf; tNcm; wdw¬dç ewfç bk&m; ponfwdkUudk wu,fNrwfaom tvSLcH ('u©daP,s)

yk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;vQifom o&P*Hk ysuf\/ aqGrsdK;(oufBuD;0gBuD;)Nzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh aMumufí

½Sdcdk;Ncif;ç q&mNzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;wdkUüum; o&P*Hk rysufay/ (]]o&P*HkraNrmuf}} [lonf o&P*Hk rwnf?



bk&m;ponfudk udk;uG,f&mra&muf[k qdkvdkonf/ ]]o&P*Hkrysuf}} [lonf wnfNyD;aom o&P*Hkrysuf?

bk&m;ponfudk ypfy,f&m ra&muf[k qdkvdkonf/)

,ckacwf ewfrsm;udk ylaZmfyo½Sdcdk;Mu&mü bk&m;paom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk ypfy,fNyD;

ewfrsm;udkom Nrwfaom yk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ylaZmfyo ½Sdcdk;MuvQif o&P*Hkysuf\/ bk&m;paom

&wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk rypfy,fbJ avmuBuD;yGg;&mBuD;yGg;aMumif;tNzpf ylaZmfyo ½Sdcdk;Mu&müum; o&P*Hk

rysufEdkifyg/ odkU&mwGif ]]oabFmysufí tavmif;awmf Zeurif;om; yifv,faMum arsm&pOfu ewfudk

½Sdrcdk;bJ 7-&ufywfvHk; OykofapmifhoHk;cJhaom Zeurif;om;udkom rPdarcvm ewforD;u qD;BudKu,frí

ewf½Sdcdk;oltm;vHk; aoMu&yHkrSm ewfudk ,HkNyD; yHkí ½Sdcdk;aeolwdkUtwGuf owdxm;zG,fyif Nzpfygonf/


------------------------------

½Sdcdk;wdkif; o&P*HkrNzpf

rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfrqdk ½Sdcdk;wdkif; o&P*HkrNzpf/ ,HkMunf qnf;uyfrI r[kwf/ oDv orm"d ynm

tusifhw&m;wdkUESifh NynfhpHkí NrifhNrwfaom yk*¾dKvftNzpfNzifh ½Sdcdk;rSom o&P*Hk Nzpfonf/

,HkMunfqnf;uyfrI Nzpfonf/

1/ aqGrsdK;Nzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;

2/ aMumufí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;

3/ q&mNzpfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;

þ ½Sdcdk;Ncif;rsm;onf o&P*HkrNzpf/ NrwfpGmbk&m;udkyif aqGrsdK;Nzpfí ½Sdcdk;vQif o&P*Hk rNzpfay/

('D-| 1? 207)

aqmifyk'f

aqGrsdK;tNzpf? ½Sdcdk;vpf? rNzpfo&P*Hk/

aMumuf&oltNzpf? ½Sdcdk;vpf? rNzpfo&P*Hk/

q&mtNzpf? ½Sdcdk;vpf? rNzpfo&P*Hk/

yk*¾dKvfNrwf[l? ½Sdcdk;rI? &,l o&P*Hk/

o&P*Hkwnfu? yg,fav;0? vm;&r½Sdukef/



½Sdcdk;aomfvnf; o&P*Hkrysuf

&wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunf qnf;uyfpNzifh o&P*Hk wnfaeaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufonf

wpfNcm;bmomrS bk&m;qdkolrsm;? bkef;BuD;qdkolrsm;udk aqGrsdK;NzpfNcif;? q&mNzpfNcif;aMumifh ½Sdcdk;aomfvnf;

wnfNyD;om; o&P*Hk rysuf/ NrifhNrwfaomyk*¾dKvf[k ,lqí ½Sdcdk;rSom o&P*Hk ysufonf/ ('D-| 1? 207)


------------------------------

o&P*HkaNrmufrI tav;NyKzG,f

o&P*Hk cH,laqmufwnfMu&mü cH,laqmufwnfwdkif; o&P*Hk aNrmufonf[k rrSwf,loifhyg/

o&P*HkaNrmufrItwGuf azmfNyvwåHUyg tcsufrsm;ESifh NynfhpHk&ef vdktyfygonf -

1/udk;uG,fonfhbufwGif udk;uG,f&m 0w¬KrSm wu,fh &wemNrwfoHk;yg; ]]bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm}}

tppftrSefrsm; Nzpf&rnf/

2/udk;uG,fvdkonfh yk*¾dKvfbufwGif Munfñdkav;Nrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,fvdkaom o'¨gç ynm Ny|mef;onfh

r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜg'f ½Sd&rnf/

txufazmfNyyg tcsufESpfcsufESifh NynfhpHkrS o&P*Hk cH,laqmufwnfrI aumif;pGm

txaNrmufEdkifygonf/ ,cktcg ]]bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm}} &wemNrwfoHk;yg; tppftrSefrsm; raysmufruG,f

xif½Sm;½SdaeqJ Nzpfí udk;uG,fcHonfhbufrS udk;uG,f&m0w¬K ppfrSefa&;twGuf NynfhpHkNyD;Nzpfaeygonf/

,if;odkY udk;uG,fvdkonfh yk*¾dKvfwdkUtaeNzifh tqdkyg &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay:ü Munfñdkav;Nrwf

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udk;uG,f&m0w¬KrSefrS ]]o&P*Hktppf}} NzpfEdkifMuygvdrfhrnf/


------------------------------

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xif½Sm;atmifajzqkdcsufwnf;/»


------------------------------



½Sdcdk;Ncif;ESifh o&P*Hk

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ysufonfudk owdNyKoifh\/


------------------------------

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o&P*kH &\/

[laom t"dyÜg,fonf NyD;pD;\/


------------------------------

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------------------------------

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yuwdo&P*kHudpöESifh txl;ukd;uG,frIudpö 2-yg;\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIonf tvGefxif½Sm;\? txl;ukd;uG,frI

wpfrsKd;jzpfí &[ef;oHCmü ½Sdckd;rIponfukdyif o&P*kHysufaMumif; r[kwf[k uGufjcm;í

rdefYqkd&avownf;? ypöKyÜeftusKd;pD;yGm;twGufESifh rif;pkd;&mZmukd ½Sdckd;rIç rd½kd;zvmewfwkdYukd ½Sdckd;rIç

ukd;uG,frI-ponfwkdYonfvnf; xkdYtwl o&P*kHysufaMumif; r[kwfukef/

«þum;-o&P*kHudpöESifhukd;uG,frIçtxl;ukd;uG,frI 2-yg;wkdY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;ykHukd xif½Sm;atmif

jyqkdvkdufaom pum;&yfwnf;»


------------------------------



o&P*Hk npfEGrf;Ncif; 4-rsdK;

1/ &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfudk rodvQif Nzpfap?

2/ todrSm;vQif Nzpfap?

3/ ,HkrSm; oHo, ½SdvQif Nzpfap?

4/ &wemoHk;yg;udk r½dkaovQif Nzpfap o&P*Hk npfEGrf;\/ o&P*Hk npfEGrf;vQif MuD;us,f zGHUNzdK;aom

aumif;usdK;udk r&Edkifay/ ('D-| 1? 209)

aqmifyk'f

&wemh*kPf&nf? rodNyD? npfonf o&P*Hk/

&wemh*kPf&nf? odrSm;NyD? npfonf o&P*Hk/

&wemh*kPf&nf? ,HkrSm;NyD? npfonf o&P*Hk/

&wemoHk;axG? r½dkao? npfav o&P*Hk/


------------------------------

o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif; w&m;rsm;

]]o&P*Hk}} udk cH,laqmufwnfMu&mwGif o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif;w&m;rsm; ½SdaevQif o&P*Hk

aqmufwnfaomfvnf; raNrmufEdkifyg/ o&P*Hkudk cH,laqmufwnfxm;NyD; NzpfvQifvnf; npfEGrf;rI

½SdvmEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh o&P*Hk npfEGrf;aMumif; w&m;rsm;udk odxm;oifhygonf -

1/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;(*kPfawmfrsm;)udk aumif;aumif;rodNcif;? vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;

rodNcif;? udk;uG,f&rSef; rodNcif; (arm[)?

2/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: tppftrSef [kwfyghrvm;[k ,HkrSm;oHo,NzpfNcif;

(0dpdudpäm)?

3/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: trSefrNrifbJ trSm;NrifNcif;? ]]t&[H}} paom

*kPfawmfrsm;udk *kPfawmf r[kwf[k aNymif;NyefNrifNcif;? &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIonf

tvum;yg ponfNzifh t,lrSm;Ncif; rdpäm'd|dt,l½SdNcif; ('d|d)?

4/bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk r,HkMunfrav;pm; rNrwfEdk;Ncif;? rMunfñdkNcif;?

bk&m;½Sdcdk;rIponf rNyKvkyfNcif; (o'¨g\ qefUusifbuf tukodkvfrsm;)/



þw&m;rsm;½SdaevQif o&P*Hk npfEGrf;rI rpifMu,frIrsm; NzpfyGg;Ekdif\/ bk&m; ponfudk

rpGefUy,fao;vQif o&P*HkysufpD;rIum; rNzpfEdkifay/


------------------------------

o&P*HknpfnL;aMumif;w&m;rsm;

r*fuomtNywf½Sif;Edkif? y,fowfEdkifaom raumif;w&m;rsm;Nzpf/

1/'d|d -t,lrSm;Ncif; todrSm;Ncif;/ (&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fNcif;onf tusdK;r½Sd? &wemoHk;yg;aMumifh

owå0gawG npfnL;zdkU? pifMu,fzdkUtaMumif;r½Sd? tusdK;rJhNzpf\/ ukodkvf? tukodkvfNyKaomfvnf;

tusdK;r½Sd? paomt,lrSm; todrSm;Ncif;rsm;)

2/0dpdudpäm -,HkrSm;oHo,NzpfNcif;/ (bk&m;qdkonfrSm tppftrSef½Sd&JUvm;? w&m;qdkonfrSm

rSefuef&JUvm; ponfNzifh ,HkrSm; oHo,NzpfNcif;)

3/oar®m[ -awGa0Ncif;/ (&wemoHk;yg;tay: qnf;uyfMunfndK&rSef; rod? &wemoHk;yg;

*kPfawmfrsm;udk rodem;rvnfNcif; ponfNzifh trSefudkrodNcif;)

4/tó'¨d, -,HkMunfrIo'¨gr½SdNcif;/ (&wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ESpfouf-,HkMunfrIo'¨gw&m; r½SdNcif;)


------------------------------

ar;jref;bG,f

ar;/ ykxkZOf&[ef;ukd oHCo&P*kHt&müvnf;aumif;ç aou©t&müvnf;aumif; oGif;í

jyqkdMuukefaom usrf;*eft&yf&yfwkdYü uvsmPykxkZOf&[ef;ukdom jyqkdMuukef\? tE¨ykxkZOf&[ef;ukd

MuOfz,fMuukef\? xkdokdYjzpfcJhaomf tMuif&[ef;onf oDvESifhjynfhpkH\? jyqkdNyD;aomw&m;wkdYü

cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmíodwwfaom ÓPfrsufpdrlum;-r½Sd? xkd&[ef;onf oHCo&P*kHt&mü

vkH;vkH;r0ifxkduf[krSwf&rnfavm[lrl-

ajz/ oDvonfvnf; uvsmP"r®yifjzpf\? xkdYaMumifh oDvESifhaumif;pGmjynfhpkHayvQifyif

xkduJhokdYaom ÓPfrsufpd r½Sdjim;aomfvnf; uvsmPykxkZOfü yg0ifoifhonfomjzpf\/

ar;/ xkdokdYjzpfcJhaomf uvsmPykxkZOf\vu©PmukdjyqkdMuukefaom t|uxmBuD;wkdYü

tb,fhaMumifh ynmrsufpdukdom uvsmPt*FgjyKí jyqkdMuukefoenf;[lrl-



ajz/ þomoemawmfwGif;ü cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfwnf;[laom tewåw&m;wkdYukd jrifEkdifaom

olonfomvQif bk&m;ukdawGYjrifaomol rnf\? w&m;ukdawGYjrifaomol rnf\? oHCmukdawGYjrifaom

olrnf\? omoemawmfukdawGYjrifaomol rnf\? jyqkdcJhNyD;aom ynmrsufpdESifh jynfhpkHaom

&[ef;onfomvQif rdrdonfvnf; bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmç omoemawmfukd awGYjrif&\? rdrdukd

MunfndKav;jrwf qnf;uyfukd;uG,fMuol ½Sifvltaygif;wkdYtm;vnf; bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmç

omoemawmfukd awGYjrifEkdifaom ÓPfrsufpdukd ay;Ekdif\? xkdYaMumifh uvsmPykxkZOf\t*Fgukd

jyqkdMuukefaom t|uxmBuD;wkdYü cE¨mponfukd jrifEkdifaom ynmrsufpdukdom uvsmPt*FgjyKí

jyqkdMuayukefownf;? oDvESifhjynfhpkHaom tEÿkxkZOf&[ef;onf o&P*kH rxkdufaomaMumifh

ynmrsufpdukdom uvsmPt*FgjyKí jyqkdMuukefonfr[kwf-[kajz/

wpfenf;um;/ /þowå0gwkdYü ouúm,'d|dw&m;onf xif½Sm;½Sdae\/

ouúm,'d|dw&m; qkdonfum;-

owå0gwkdY\ cE¨mukd,frnfonf txl;xl; taxGaxGaom ½kyf"mwftpkç emrf"mwftpkomjzpf\?

yk*¾dKvfr[kwfç owå0gr[kwfç rdef;rr[kwfç a,mufsm;r[kwfç yk*¾dKvfç owå0gç rdef;rç a,mufsm;[lír½Sd?

tjyKtrl tajymtqkd tBuHtpnf[lorQonf ½kyf"mwfç emrf"mwfwkdY\ trIomwnf;? yk*¾Kdvfç owå0g\

trIr[kwf? xkdokdYjzpfygvsuf ½kyf"mwfç emrf"mwfwkdYukd rodrjrifEkdifMuukefonfjzpfí-

1/ yk*¾dKvfawGukdom aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí aeMuukef\/

2/ owå0gawGukdom aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí aeMuukef\/

3/ rdef;rç a,mufsm;awGukdom aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifí aeMuukef\/

4/ ig[lí aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifvsuf aeMuukef\/

5/ rnfolç rnf0g[lí aMumifaMumifBuD;xifjrifvsuf aeMuukef\/

6/ igjrifonf? igMum;onf? igeHonf? igvsufonf? ukd,ft*Fgü tawGYtxdukd igodonf? igBuHonf?

igoGm;onf? igvmonf? xkdxkdtrIukd igjyKonf? igajymqkdonf? igBuHzefonf-[k aMumifaMumifBuD;

xifjrifvsuf aeMuukef\/

þokdYaMumifaMumifBuD; xifjrifrIç pGJvrf;rIawGukd ouúm,'d|dqkdownf;/

xkdouúm,'d|donf--

1/ o&P*kH\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aywnf;/

2/ £aÈórm"d\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aywnf;/

3/ ur®óuwmÓPf[kqkdtyfaom avmuDor®m'd|d\ tEÅ&m,fBuD;aywnf;/



4/ o&P*kHç oDvç £aÈ´ç orm"dç avmuDor®m'd|dwkdYudk ypfcGif;bkdYvufeufBuD;aywnf;/

þowå0gtaygif;wkdYonfum;---

1/ bk&m;omoemawmfwGif;ü BuHKBudKufonfhtcg o'¨g\tpGrf;tm;jzifh o&P*kHukdvnf; tzefzef

aqmufwnfMuukef\

2/ o&P*kHukd ypfcGif;&ef igig[laomç ig\ukd,f-ig\ukd,f[laom o&P*kHypf vufeufBuD;ukdvnf;

aeY½SdorQ woo jyKpk ysKd;axmifvsufaeMuukef\/

3/ rdrdwkdYaqmufwnfMuaom o&P*kHukd ypfcGif;&ef ouúm,'d|d vufeufwkdufBuD;ukd aeY½SdorQ

aMumifhMupkdufxkwf jyKvkyfwnfaxmifvsuf aeMuukef\/

4/ o&P*kHukdvnf; aeYpOfcH,lMuukef\/

5/ o&P*kH\ &efoljzpfaom ouúm,'d|dBuD;ukdvnf; ukd,fwGif;ç ESvkH;wGif;ü &ifcGifykdufí tNrJarG;jrLvsuf

½SdaeMuukef\/

xkdYtwl--

1/ 5-yg;oDvç 8-yg;oDvç 10-yg;oDvç 227-yg;aom &[ef;oDvwkdYukdvnf; cH,laqmifhxdef;Muukef\/

2/ oDv\&efoljzpfaom ouúm,'d|dukdvnf; &ifcGifykdufí arG;jrLvsufxm;Muukef\/

3/ £aÈórm"dukdvnf; apmifhxdef;Muukef\/

4/ £aÈórm"d\ &efoljzpfaom ouúm,'d|dukdvnf; &ifcGifykdufí arG;jrLvsufxm;Muukef\/

5/ 'geç oDvtp½Sdaom ur®óuwm or®m'd|d trIwkdYukdvnf; jyKMuukef\/

6/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|d\ &efoljzpfaom ouúm,'d|dukdvnf; &ifcGifykdufí arG;jrLvsuf xm;Muukef\/

&ifcGifykdufí arG;jrLrIqkdonfum;--

ouúm,'d|dukd y,fowf&ef ½kyfç emrfcE¨mw&m;wkdYü oduRrf;vdrfrmrIukd tm;rxkwfMuukefrlí

igig[laom ouúm,'d|d yGm;rsm;&ef avmuDpnf;pdrfç avmuD*kPfç avmuDusufoa& yGm;rsm;rIukdom

tm;xkwfMuukef\? þokdYtm;xkwfrIukd ]]ouúm,'d|dukd &ifcGifykdufí arG;jrLrI}} qkdownf;/

vGefavNyD;aom terw*¾oHo&müvnf;--

1/ bk&m;omoemESifhawGUBuHKcJhMuvSukefNyD/

2/ o&P*kHukd aqmufwnfcJhMuvSukefNyD/

3/ rdrdwkdYo&P*kHukd ouúm,'d|d[laom vufeufjzifh rdrdwkdYonfyifvQif ypfcGif;íç ypfcGif;í

ysufqkH;apMuvSukefNyD/



4/ &[ef;oDvç vloDvwkdYukdvnf; apmifhxdef;cJhMuvSukefNyD/

5/ £aÈórm"dwkdYukdvnf; apmifhxdef;cJhMuvSukefNyD/

6/ ur®óuwm or®m'd|drIwkdYukdvnf; jyKcJhMuvSukefNyD/

7/ oDvç orm"dç ynmrIwkdYukdvnf; ouúm,'d|d[laom vufeufjzifh rdrdwkdYonfyifvQif ypfcGif;íç

ypfcGif;í ysufqkH;apvSukefNyD/

,cktcgüvnf;---

1/ ouúm,'d|dukd arG;jrLvsuf ½SdaeMuukefaom Ak'¨bmom0if ½Sifvltaygif;wkdYtm;

aqmufwnfapmifha½Smufí ½SdaeMuukefaom o&P*kHç oDvç orm"dç ynmwkdYonf wpf&ufç wpfvç

wpfESpfç wpfb0ç w'*FrQom xkdolwkdY\oEÅmefü wnfaecGifh &MuukefvwåHU? wnfaeMupOf tcgüvnf;

ouúm,'d|d vufeufOD;rSm wnfaeMu&ukefonfjzpfí ,ckaeYüyif ysufqkH;&rnfavm?

eufjzefüyifysufqkH;&rnfavm-[k ysufqkH;rIukdom a½S;½Ií wnfaeMu&ukef\/

2/ aovGefojzifhysufqkH;rIç ,ckb0wGifvnf; bmomwpfyg;ajymif;vJojzifh ysufqkH;rI-[laom

o&P*kHysufqkH;rI 2-yg;wkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;okdY qkdufa&mufrIukd a½S;½Ivsuf wnfae&\/

3/ oDvç orm"dç ynmwkdYrSmvnf; xkdYtwl wpfpkHwpfckESifh ysufqkH;rIukdom a½S;½Ivsuf wnfae

Mu&ukef\/

4/ ,ckb0ü cH,laqmufwnfNyD;aom o&P*kHukdpGefYypfí a&½Ic&pfbmomokdY 0ifMuolwkdYvnf; rsm;pGm

½SdMuukef\

5/ ,ckb0ü rpGefYMuukefaomfvnf; aovGefaomtcgü {uefpGefYMu&ukefvwåHU? aemufb0ü awGY½Sd&m

bmomokdY 0ifMu&ukefvwåHU/

tb,faMumifhenf;qkdaomf--

'geukokdvfrsKd;onfvnf; ouúm,'d|dukd ESdrfeif;Ekdifaom ukokdvfrsKd; r[kwf? &[ef;oDvrsKd;ç

vloDvrsKd;onfvnf; ouúm,'d|dukd ESdrfeif;EkdifaomukokdvfrsKd; r[kwf? £aÈórm"dukokdvfrsKd;ç avmuD

or®m'd|drsKd;onfvnf; ouúm,'d|dukd ESdrfeif;Ekdifaom ukokdvfrsKd; r[kwf? ½kyfemrfç cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç

y#dpöorkyÜg'fwkdYü wwfodvdrfrmaom omoeor®m'd|d ukokdvfrsKd;rSomvQif ouúm,'d|dukd ESdrfeif;Ekdifaom

ukokdvfrsKd;jzpf\/

þomoeor®m'd|d ukokdvfrsKd;ukdrlum;-avhusufol tvGefenf;yg;Muukef\? wwfodvdrfrmol

vlvl½Sif½Sif tvGefenf;yg;Muukef\? ouúm,'d|dukd &ifcGifykdufí tvkdvkdufí arG;jrLíaeMuukefaom

vl½SifwkdYom rsm;Muukef\/



Ak'ö&P*kH\&efolukd arG;jrLíxm;Muukefaom vl½Siftaygif;wkdYonf bk&m;ukdMunfndKorI

jyKMuukefaomfvnf;? MunfndKonf rrnf? MunfndK&m ra&muf? oDv\&efolukd arG;jrLí xm;Muukefaom

vl½Siftaygif;wkdYonf oDvukd ½kdaoMuukefaomfvnf; ½kdaoonf rrnf? ½kdao&m ra&muf? £aÈórm"d\

tEÅ&m,fukdarG;jrLí xm;Muukefaom vl½Siftaygif;wkdYonf £aÈórm"dukd apmifha½Smufonf rrnf?

apmifha½Smuf&m ra&muf/

tb,fhaMumifhenf;qkdaomf--

o&P*kHç oDvç orm"dwkdY\ tEÅ&m,fukd y,fowf&ef ÓPfvufeuf r½Sdojzifh tEÅ&m,f&efolukd

arG;jrLí aeMuvsuf½SdaomaMumifhwnf;/

cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'fwkdYü wwfodvdrfrmaom ÓPfynmrsufpd r½SdMuukefaom

tEÿkxkZOf &[ef;wkdYonf rdrdwkdYoEÅmefü terw*¾oHo&mwGif tpOfyg½Sdíaeaom o&P*kH\ &efolBuD;

jzpfaom ouúm,'d|dukdyif ,ckb0üaomfvnf;aumif;ç aemufb0üaomfvnf;aumif; y,fowf&ef

ÓPfynmrsKd;aphyif r½SdMuukefao;? rdrdukd ukd;uG,f qnf;uyfMuol vl½Siftaygif;wkdYtm;

xkdÓPfynmrsKd;ukd ay;a0jzefYjzL;jcif;iSg tb,frSm pGrf;EkdifMuukefthHenf;? xkdYaMumifh

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf tEÿa0PD Oyrmukd jyqkdawmfrlayonf/

tEÿa0PD Oyrm

tEÿa0PD Oyrmqkdonfum;---

wpfa,muf\yckH;ü wpfa,mufukdifí qufvufumaeMuaom taxmifruaom

oluef;wef;BuD;ukd qkdownf;? yXroluef;BuD;oGm;&m tpOfvkdufygí aeMu&ukef\? yXroluef;vnf;

vrf;pcef;ukd rjrif? aemufaemufaom oluef;wkdYonfvnf; rsufpdr½SdMuonfhtwGuf yXroluef;BuD;

rsufpdr½Sdonfukdvnf; rjrifEkdifMuukef? rsufpd½Sdonf[líyif xifMu&ukef\? yXroluef;BuD;onfvnf;

rdrdrSm aemufvkdufaemufyg tNcHt&H ,kwfavsmhrnfpkd;aomaMumifh igonfoluef;yifjzpfonf-[k rajym?

wvnfvnfwywfywfESifhyif awmt&yfü ysufpD;jcif;okdY a&mufMuavukef\/

«þum;-tEÿa0PD Oyrmwnf;/»

cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'fwkdYü wwfodvdrfrmaomÓPfynmrsufpdr½Sdaom

tEÿkxkZOf&[ef;wkdYukd ukd;uG,fMuol ½Sifvltaygif;wkdYonfvnf; þtEÿa0PD Oyrmtwkdif;jzpfMu

ukef&maomaMumifh t|uxm q&mjrwfwkdYonf tEÿkxkZOf&[ef;ukd o&P*kHt&mrS tyjyKí

xm;Muukefonf? oHCo&P*kHt&mü vkH;vkH;r0ifxkdufaomaMumifh tyjyKí xm;Muukefonf



r[kwf[k-xkdtar;ukd ajzqkd&m\/

«þum;-usrf;*efwkdYü oHCo&P*kHt&mrS y,fíxm;Muaom tE¨ykxkZOf&[ef;ukd oHCo&P*kHü

xnfhoGif;enf;ukd jyqkdvkdufaom pum;&yfwnf;/»

cE¨m tp½Sdonfukd odjrifEkdifaomolonfomvQif bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmç omoemukd

awGYjrif&aomol rnf\[laom pum;üuð

aw 0uúvd £rdem ar ylwduma,e 'da|e?

a,m acg 0uúvd "r®H yówd aom rH yówd/

[laom 0uúvdokwfukd xkdt|uxmBuD;wkdYü jyqkdMuukef\/

xkdYaMumifh usrf;*efüjyqkdaom ÓP0dyÜ,kwf'Gd[dwf-o&P*kHç ÓPorÜ,kwf-wd[dwfo&P*kH 2-

yg;wkdYwGif-

1/ cE¨mtp½Sdaom w&m;ukd rjrifwwfMuukefaom olwkdYonf ÓP0dyÜ,kwf'Gd[dwf-o&P*kHukdom

&EkdifMuukef\/

2/ cE¨mtp½Sdaom w&m;ukd jrifwwfMuukefaom olwkdYonf ÓPorÜ,kwf-wd[dwfo&P*kHukdom

&EkdifMuukef\/

þokdYaom txl;ukdom rSwf&m\/

oDv0EÅtE¨ykxkZOf &[ef;onf t0g 60-yif &aomfvnf; oHCo&P*kHt&mü rygxkduf?

xkd&[ef;twGuf vlwkdYrSm o&P*kH r&xkduf? xkd&[ef;ukd ukd;uG,fonfhtwGuf o&P*kHysufonf

[líum;-rqkdoifhay/

ar;jref;bG,f

ar;/ tb,fhaMumifh w&m;ukd rjrifwwfMuaom olwkdYrSm 'Gd[dwfo&P*kHç w&m;ukd

jrifwwfMuaom olwkdYrSm wd[dwfo&P*kH-

[lí jcm;em;&avoenf;[lrl--

ajz/ o&P*kHtzGifh#DumBuD;wkdYü---

or®m'd|Dwd Ak'¨ okAk'¨wH "r® ok"r®wH oHC okyÜ#dywådOö avmuD,m0 aAm"0aoae0

or®mÓa,e 'óeawm/

[k rdefYqkdMuukef\/



t"dyÜg,fum;/ / cE¨m tp½Sdaom w&m; taxG tjym;wdkUrnfonf bk&m;rSwpfyg; wpfpkHwpfa,muf

aomolrQ odEkdifjrifEkdifMuonf r[kwf? bk&m;ÓPfawmf\ t&momjzpf\? wpfyg;aom

owå0gwkdYonfrlum;- bk&m;a[m a'oemukd Mum;emMu&ukefrSomvQif xkdw&m;wkdYukd

odEkdifjrifEkdifMuukef\/

xkdw&m;wkdYukd jrifaomolonfomvQif--

1/ bk&m;ÓPfawmf\ t&mtcsufukd ukd,fwkdifrsufarSmufawGU\? jrif\? Ak'¨ okAk'¨wm *kPfawmf

qkdonfum; cE¨mtp½Sdaomw&m;wkdYü t[kwftrSeftm;jzifh xkd;xGif;aomÓPfawmfukd qkdownf;?

xkdÓPfawmftcsufukd awGU\? jrif\/

2/ "r® ok"r®wm *kPfukdvnf; awGU\? jrif\? "r® ok"r®wm*kPfqkdonfum;- xkdcE¨mtp½Sdaom

w&m;wkdYukd a[mMum;aom a'oem"r®\ oGmu©mwtjzpfwnf;? xkd"r® ok"r®wm tcsufukdvnf; awGU\?

jrif\/

3/ oHC okyÜ#dywådukdvnf; awGU\? jrif\? oHC okyÜ#dywådqkdonfum;--xkdw&m;wkdYukd xkd;xGif;í

odjcif;iSg usifhMuukefaom t&d,moHCmwkdY\ okyÜ#dyEétjzpfwnf;? xkdokyÜ#dywåd tcsufukdvnf;

ukd,fwkdifrsufarSmuf awGY\? jrif\/

xkdw&m;wkdYukd rjrifMuaomolonfum;---

xkd 3-csufwkdYwGif wpfckckaomtcsufukdrQ ukd,fwkdifawGUjrifrI r½SdMuukef? usrf;xGuf pmawGU

vlajym olajymESifhom &wemokH;yg;ukd MunfndKpGm ukd;uG,fMu&ukef\? xkdYaMumifh xkd 2-OD;aomolwkdYrSm

'Gd[dwfo&P*kHç wd[dwfo&P*kH 2-yg; jcm;em;vsuf½SdMuavonf- [lvkd/

«þum;-oHCo&P*kHü yg0ifxkdufaom uvsmPykxkZOft&ESifhwuG uvsmP,kwfç uvsmPjrwf 2-

yg;ç 'Gd[dwfo&P*kHç wd[dwfo&P*kH 2-yg;ukd xif½Sm;pGm jyqkdcsufwnf;/»


------------------------------



ysufwwfaom o&P*HkESifh rysufwwfaom o&P*Hk

]]o&P*Hk}} onf avmuDo&P*HkESifh avmukwå&m o&P*Hk (wenf;)

oD;Ncm;cH,laqmufwnf&aom o&P*HkESifh oD;Ncm;cH,laqmufwnfzG,f rvdkaom o&P*Hk[lí o&P*Hk

ESpfrsdK;½Sd\/ xdkwGif -

1/avmukwå&m o&P*Hkonf t&d,r*fw&m;wnf;/ t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; r*fcPü wnf\/

oD;Ncm;cH,laqmufwnfzG,f rvdk? wnfaom tcsdefrS pí rysuf raNymif;/ b0wyg; aNymif;oGm;onfh

tcgüyif ysufNcif; aNymif;Ncif;r½Sd/ rysuf½Hk raNymif;½Hkru o&P*Hkpdwfudk npfEGrf;apwwfaom

tukodkvfw&m;wdkUudk tNywf½Sif;xm;NyD;NzpfaomaMumifh npfEGrf;rIrQyifr½Sd/ xdkUaMumifh avmukwå&m

o&P*Hkudk ]]oD;Ncm; cH,l aqmufwnfzG,f rvdkaom o&P*Hk (odkUr[kwf) rysufwwfaom o&P*Hk}} [k

rSwftyf\/

2/avmuDo&P*Hkum; o'¨gç ynm Ny|mef;aom r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜg'fwnf;/ oD;Ncm;cH,laqmufwnf&\/

cH,laqmufwnfxm;aomfvnf; tNrJwnfNyD[k pdwfrcs&/ &wemoHk;yg;udk rudk;uG,fvdkaomtcgç

aovGefaomtcgwdkUü o&P*Hk ysuf\/ t,lwyg; aNymif;oGm;aomtcgü o&P*Hk aNymif;\/

tukodkvfw&m;wdkUudk tNywf½Sif;xm;NyD; r[kwfaomaMumifh npfEGrf;rIvnf; ½SdEdkif\/ xdkUaMumifh

avmuDo&P*Hkudk ]]oD;Ncm; cH,laqmufwnf&aom o&P*Hk (odkUr[kwf) ysufwwfaom o&P*Hk}} [k

rSwftyf\/


------------------------------

o&P*kHysufrysufukd jyjcif;

usKdufxkdNrdKUrS wynfhjzpfol ½SifudwådavQmufxm;vkdufaompmvTmonf ouú&mZf 1266-ck?

jymokdvqef; 8-&ufaeYwGif q&mawmfxHokdYa&mufvmonf? ¤if;avQmufvTmwGif yg½SdorQukd Munfh½I&m

0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om½Sd\/

]]&aohy&AkdZfrsm;ukd ukd;uG,fMuukefaom olwkdYtm; o&P*kH ysufrnf rysufrnfrsm;ukd jcm;em;pGm

odvkdygonf}}[k avQmufxm;csuf yg½SdonfrSm-



1/ oDvwnfrIç oDvysufrI?

2/ o&P*kHwnfrIç o&P*kHysufrI?

wkdYukd xif½Sm;pGmjyí xkdtar;ukdajzqkd&m\/

1/ oDvwnfrIrnfonf &[ef;oHCmç apwDç ykxkd;ücH,lcJhaomfvnf;aumif;ç rdrdtvkdtavsmufyif

EIwf>rufí aqmufwnfcJhaomfvnf;aumif; xkdyk*¾Kdvftm; oDvonfwnf\? aeY&uf tykdif;tjcm;ESifh

rSef;xm;í cH,laqmufwnfonf½Sdaomf xkdtykdif;tjcm;ukdvGefvQif xkdoDvonfysuf\/

ysuf\qkdaomfvnf; cH,lrIç aqmufwnfrI uG,fNidrf;í oGm;onfukdqkdvkdonf? usKd;aygufaom

tysufrsKd; r[kwf? cH,laqmufwnfaom aeY&uftykdif;tjcm;ukd rvGefao;rD xkdxkdodu©myk'fukd

usL;vGefcJhonf½Sdaomf usL;vGefaom odu©myk'fonf usL;vGefaomcPüysuf\? þtysufum;

usKd;aygufaom tysufwnf;/

«þum;-oDvwnfrI oDvysufrIü ynm½Sdolvltrsm;wkdYtm; t½kd;tpOf xif½Sm;íaeMuaom

t"dyÜg,fwnf;/»

2/ o&P*kHwnfrIç o&P*kHysufrIüum;-aeY&uftykdif;tjcm;ESifh rSef;xm;í cH,laqmufwnf&aom t&mrsKd;

r[kwf? aeY&uftykdif;tjcm;ESifh cH,laqmufwnfír&? ygPkaywH toufxufqkH;jyKí cH,l

aqmufwnf&aom t&mrsKd;aywnf;? ygPkaywHtoufxufqkH;jyKí cH,laqmufwnfrS&\? xkdYaMumifh

odu©myk'fwkdYüomvQif ykdif;jcm;aom aeY&ufukdvGefvQif ysufrI[lí toD;tjcm;½Sdonf? o&P*kHü

ykdif;jcm;aom aeY&ufukdvGefí ysufrIr½Sd? aovGefrS ysufrIom½Sdonf/

«usL;vGefíysufrIonfrlum;-oDvço&P*kH 2-yg;pkHüyif½Sd\/»

txl;rlum;

oDvt&mü-

1/ wpfckaomodu©myk'fukd usL;vGefcJhvQif 5-yg;? 8-yg; tukefysufenf; wpfrsKd;?

2/ wpfckaom odu©myk'fukd usL;vGefcJhvQif wpfyg;aomodu©myk'fum; rysuf? usL;vGefaom odu©myk'f

wpfckom ysufenf;wpfrsKd;/

[lí 2-rsKd;½Sd\/



1/ yOöodu©my'ged orm'd,mrd? t| Oaygox*Fged orm'd,mrd-[lí waygif;wnf; cH,laqmufwnf&mü

wpfckysufvQif tukefysuf\/

2/ ,ckumvüuJhokdY toD;toD;cH,laqmufwnf&mü wpfckckukdusL;vGefrdvQif usL;vGefrdaom

odu©myk'fomysuf\/

[k oar®m[0daem'eD odu©my'0dbif; t|uxmüvm\/

o&P*kHt&mürlum;-

xkduJhokdYr[kwf? waygif;wnf; cH,laqmufwnfonfjzpfap? toD;toD; cH,laqmufwnfonfjzpfap

usL;vGefonf½Sdaomf waygif;wnf;omysuf\/

tb,faMumifhenf;qkdaomf-

1/ odu©myk'fwkdYrSm usL;vGefjcif;ajrmuf&ef t*FgtoD;toD; ½SdMuukef\/

2/ o&P*kHürlum;- usL;vGefrIrnfonf Ak'¨bmomukd pGefYí bmomwpfyg;okdY ajymif;a&TUjcif;

wpfyg;om½Sd\? wpfBudrfaqmufwnfíxm;aom o&P*kHrnfonf raorDtwGif;ü t½Sifa*gwrbk&m;ç

t½Sifa*gwrw&m;ç t½Sifa*gwrwynfhom; oHCmç t½Sif a*gwromoemukd rukd;uG,fvkdNyD-[k

Ak'¨bmomukd pGefYí c&pf,mefbmomtp½Sdaom bmomwpfyg;okdY ajymif;a&TUrSyif o&P*kHysufawmhonf/

xkdYaMumifh o&P*kHrnfonf wpfBudrfcH,laqmufwnfNyD;aemuf Ak'¨bmomukd

rpGefYorQumvywfvkH; tNrJwnf\? tcgcg cH,laqmufwnfbG,fudpör½Sd? okdYaomfvnf;

tcgcgcH,laqmufwnfrIonf ukokdvfw&m; topftopf yGifhvif;rIjzpf\? xkdYaMumifh ,ckumvü

vlwkdYonf o&P*kHukdvnf; oDvESifhtwl tcgcg cH,laqmufwnfMu&ukef\? 5-yg;oDvuJhokdY

usL;vGefrdcJhaomfç ysufpD;cJhaomf-[k rdrdukd,fukd rdrdpdwfrcsom½Sdí tcgcgcH,laqmufwnf

Muukefonfvnf;r[kwf? OaygoxoDvuJhokdY ,cifucH,l aqmufwnfaom aeY&uftykdif;tjcm;ukdvGefí

Nidrf;cJhNyD-[k tcgcg cH,laqmufwnfMuukefonfvnf; r[kwf/


------------------------------



o&P*Hk ysufyHk 2-rsdK;

wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ oEÅmefü wnfaeaom o&P*Hkonf-

1/ wNcm;bmom t,l0g'udk ,HkMunf udk;uG,faomaMumifh Nzpfap?

2/ aoqHk;aomaMumifh Nzpfap ysufpD;\/

t,l0g'wpfyg; aNymif;oGm; ukd;uG,fí o&P*Hk ysufpD;vQif 'd|dwPSm paom udavom yGg;í

tNypfrsm;\/ aoqHk;aomaMumifh o&P*Hk ysufpD;vQif rnfonfh tNypfrQ r½Sday/

(ck'´uyg|-|? 7)

aqmifyk'f

bmomwyg;? udk;uG,fNim;? ysufNym; o&P*Hk/

aoqHk;avNim;? xdkoltm;? ysufNym; o&P*Hk/


------------------------------

o&P*kHysufjcif;ESifh rysufjcif;tusOf;csKyf

'k0da"m o&P*reaba'g-tp½Sdonfjzifh Ak'¨bmomukdpGefYí bmomwpfyg; ajymif;a&TUojzifh

ysufjcif;ç aovGefojzifhysufjcif;-[lí avmuDo&P*kHysufjcif; 2-yg;um;-xif½Sm;NyD;jzpfí

tus,frqkdvkdufNyD/

vdk&if;t"dyÜg,frSmrlum;-

1/ ½Sifa*gwrbk&m;ukd bk&m;r[kwf? ½Sifa*gwr\ w&m;ukd w&m;aumif;r[kwf? ½Sifa*gwr\ wynfh

t&d,moHCmukd oHCmaumif;r[kwf-[k pdwfqkH;jzwfonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf xkdolrSm o&P*kHysuf\/

2/ xkdokdYaom pdwfrsKd;r½Sdrlí bk&m;ukdvnf;aumif;ç r*f 4-wefç zkdvf 4-wefç edAÁmefç

y&d,wfw&m;ukdvnf;aumif;? 8-a,mufaom t&d,moHCmawmfukdvnf;aumif; ,kHMunfNrJ

ukd;uG,fNrJwkdif;aom pdwfukd rpGefYrlí ukokdvfyGg;ç ynmyGg;ç ab;uif;ç &efuif;tm;jzifh wpfyg;aomyk*¾dKvfç

wpfyg;aomq&mç rif;pkd;&mZmç rdpämpkef;ewf tp½Sdonfukd ½Sdckd;0yfwGm; cçpm;½kdao ukd;uG,favaomfvnf;

o&P*kH rysuf[krSwf/

«þum;-o&P*kHysufjcif;ESifh rysufjcif;ukd tusOf;csKyfjyqkdcsufwnf;/»


------------------------------



o&P*HkysufrIESifh tavmif;udk o&P*HkwifNcif;

avmuDo&P*Hkonf tNrJwnfNyD[k pdwfrcs&? tcsdefra½G; ysufwwf\/ ,if;odkU ysuf&mwGif

]]tNypf½Sdaom ysufNcif;ESifh tNypfr½Sdaom ysufNcif;}} [lí o&P*HkysufNcif; ESpfrsdK;½Sdonf -

1/bk&m;rSwyg; tNcm; (wdw¬dpaom) q&mrsm;udk tav;tNrwf taetm;Nzifh

udk;uG,fvQifaomfvnf;aumif;ç bk&m;½Sif\ t,l0g'rSwyg; tNcm;bmom t,l0g'odkU

aNymif;vQifaomfvnf;aumif; o&P*Hk ysuf\/ þodkU ysufNcif;um; tNypf½Sdaom ysufNcif;rnf\

(om0ZÆ)/

2/aovQif o&P*Hk (ukodkvfpdwf) r½SdaomaMumifh o&P*Hk ysuf\/ (aovQif bmrQ rod?

ukodkvfpdwfomru tukodkvfpdwfvnf; r½Sd/) þodkU ysufNcif;um; tNypf½Sdaom o&P*Hk ysufNcif;uJhodkU

raumif;usdK; ray;ç tusdK;ay;wwfaom w&m;rsdK;vnf; r[kwfaomaMumifh tNypfr½Sdaom ysufNcif;rnf\

(te0ZÆ)/

þodkU wpfOD; wpfa,muf aoqHk;Ncif;odkU a&mufí o&P*Hk ysufoGm;onfhtwGuf tavmif;udk

o&P*Hk wifMu&mwGif bmudkrQ rodwwfaom tavmif;aumiftwGuf o&P*Hk wifay;aomfvnf;

wifay;aom o&P*Hkudk &Ekdif ,lEdkifonfum; r[kwfyg/ ,if;odkU r&Edkif r,lEdkifaomfvnf; &Edkif,lEdkifaom

(o&Jç wapäç aNrbkwfç rSifpmç tpdrf;ç ewfpdrf;ç ewfbDvl;ç ponfac:a0:aom NydwåmtBuD;pm;

tol&um,f) b0odkU a&mufí owd&aevQif o&P*Hkudk &ygapç ,lygapawmh[k owday;aomtm;Nzifh

&nfrSef;í tavmif;udk o&P*Hkwif½dk; NyKMuNcif; Nzpf\/ þodkU NyKMuNcif;Nzifh aoqHk;olrsm;tzdkU

o&P*Hkudk &Edkifu &rnf? ,lEdkifu ,lrnf/ tu,fí aoqHk;oltzdkU (&,lEdkifaom b0r[kwfí) r&Edkif

r,lEdkif½Sdapumrl touf½Sif usef&pfaeolrsm;tzdkUum; o&P*Hkudk rvGJraoG &EdkifMuonfom Nzpf\/

xdkUNyif teD;tyg;½Sd a½S;u aovGefoGm;olrsm;taeNzifh o&P*Hkudk &vdk,lvdkvQifvnf;

&Edkif,lEdkifMuygonf/ xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; taeNzifh aoonfhtcg tavmif;udk o&P*Hk

wifNcif;onf tusdK;rJh aqmif½GufMuNcif;r[kwf? twåy& (rdrd olwyg; ESpfOD;om;) tusdK;½SdapEdkifaom

aumif;rIrsdK;tNzpf aqmif½GufaeMuNcif;NzpfaMumif; oabmaygufoifhMuygonf/


------------------------------



o&P*HkysufNcif;

o&P*Hk wpfBudrfaqmufwnfxm;vQif &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: ,HkMunfudk;uG,f qnf;uyfpdwf

raysmuforQ umvywfvHk; wnfae\/ o&P*Hk ysufpD;Ncif; ESpfrsdK;½Sdonf/

1-&wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fqnf;uyfrI r½SdawmhNcif;/

2-aoqHk;oGm;Ncif;/

yxrtcsufaMumifh o&P*HkysufvQif rdpäm'd|dNzpfoGm;í oHo&mwGif tNypfrsm;\/

aoqHk;oGm;Ncif;aMumifh o&P*HkysufvQif tNypfr½Sday/

,cktcg aoqHk;oGm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk o&P*HkwifonfqdkNyD; NyKvkyfavh½Sd\/ trSefwu,frSm

aoqHk;oGm;ol\ pdwfr½Sdawmhaom OwkZ½kyftavmif;BuD;onf tb,frSmvQif o&P*Hk

wnfEdkifygrnfenf;/ raorD o&P*Hk rnpfnL;rysufpD;&atmif aqmufwnfxm;rSom tusdK;rsm;ygrnf/

odkUaomf aoqHk;oltwGuf NyKvkyfaqmif½GufMuolrsm;rSmrl &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;xH o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNyD;

aumif;rItpkpk NyKvkyfMuNcif;twGuf tusdK;rsm;ygonf/


------------------------------

o&P*Hk ysufpD;Ncif;

bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;onf udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m NzpfaomaMumifh ]]o&P}} Nzpfí xdk

]]o&P}} tay:wGif ,HkrSm;awGa0rIr½SdbJ MunfndKav;Nrwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom o'¨g? ynm ponfh

ukodkvfpdwfrsm;onf ]]o&P*Hk}} NzpfaMumif; azmfNyNyD; Nzpfygonf/

,if; ]]o&P*Hk}} onf ]]avmuDo&P*Hk}}? ]]avmukwå&mo&P*Hk}} [lí taNccH trsdK;tpm;tm;Nzifh

2-rsdK;½Sdonf/ avmukwå&mo&P*Hk qdkonfrSm t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkUtzdkU aomwmywådr*fÓPf

Nzpfay:cdkufcPrSmyif &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü awGa0,HkrSm;rI? r,HkMunfrIrsm; uif;NywfNyD; NzpfoNzifh

txl;aqmufwnf&ef rvdkawmhacs/ tvdkvdk o&P*Hk wnfNyD; Nzpf\/



avmuDo&P*Hkrlum; azmfNyvwåhUygtwdkif; 4-rsdK;½Sd\/

1/ rdrdudk,fudk &wemoHk;yg;tm; tyfESif;Ncif; (twåoEéd,smwe o&P*Hk)?

2/ rdrdudk,fudk &wemoHk;yg;omvQif udk;uG,fvJavsmif;&m ½Sdonf\tNzpfudk NyKNcif; (0g)

&wemoHk;yg;tay: vHk;0tm;udk;xm;Ncif; (wyÜ&m,Pwm o&P*Hk)?

3/ rdrdudk,fudk &wemoHk;yg;\ wynfhtNzpf cH,lNcif; (odóbm0ly*re o&P*Hk)?

4/ &wemoHk;yg;tm; 0yfwGm;c, rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsí tvGef ½dkaoaom tNcif;t&mudk NyoNcif; (yPdygw

o&P*Hk)/

trSwfpOf (4)Nzpfaom ]]yPdygw o&P*Hk}} wGif -

1-omuD0ifrif;rsdK;wdkUu bk&m;½Siftm; aqGrsdK;tNzpfrSwf,lí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif;?

t½dktaoNyKNcif;rsdK;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/

2-taMumufw&m;udk taNccHí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif;? t½dktaoNyKNcif;rsdK;onf o&P*Hk

aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/

3-bk&m;½Siftm; avmuDvrf;ñTef tqHk;trpum;udk em,l&aomaMumifh q&mtNzpf rSwf,lí c&D;OD;MudKNcif;

ponfudk NyKvkyfNcif;onf o&P*Hk aqmufwnf&m ra&muf/

4-oDv? orm"d? ynm*kPf ponfwdkUudk &nfrSwfí ½Sdcdk;Ncif;? c&D;OD;MudKNcif;? vuftkyfcsDNcif; ponfwdkUudk

NyKvQif ]]'u©daP,syPdygw}} Nzpfí o&P*Hk wnfonf/

xdkUaMumifh aqGrsdK;ÓwdtrSwfNzifhvnf;aumif;? aMumufíaomfvnf;aumif;? twwfynmoifay;ol

q&mtNzpf rSwf,líaomfvnf;aumif; rnfolrqdk ½Sdcdk;rI? c&D;OD;MudKrI ponfudkNyKvQif

aqmufwnfxm;aom o&P*Hk ysuf,Gif;Ncif; r½Sdacs/

(rSwfcsuf/ / bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmudk rypfy,fbJ vmbfvmb ½Tifapvdkí ewfudk ylaZmfyoNcif;?

ewfzrf;pm;rnfudk pdk;&drfí ½dk;&m wifaNr§mufNcif;wdkUonf o&P*Hk rysufay/)

odkU&mwGif &wemoHk;yg;rS wyg;aom yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oDv? orm"d? ynm*kPf BuD;NrwfrIudk

&nfrSwfvsuf txufwGif azmfNycJhonfh avmuDo&P*Hk aqmufwnfyHk 4-rsdK;udk

NyKvkyfvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? o&P*Hk aqmufwnfxm;ol aoqHk;vQifaomfvnf;aumif; o&P*Hk

vHk;0ysufpD;onf/

(rSwfcsuf/ / bk&m;udk ypfy,fNyD; ewfudkNzpfap? wNcm;aom bk&m;tavmif; (w½kwftef;ukef;)

ponfudkNzpfap udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyfrlum; o&P*Hk ysufonf/)



&wemoHk;yg; *kPfawmfrsm;ü rodem;rvnfNcif;? &wemoHk;yg;tay: awGa0Ncif;? rSm;,Gif;pGm

,lqNcif;? r½dkrao rav;rpm;NyKNcif;wdkUaMumifh aqmufwnfxm;aom o&P*Hk npfEGrf;onf/ odkUNzpfí

npfEGrf;Ncif;? ysufpD;Ncif;r½Sdatmif owdaqmifMu&monf/


------------------------------

o&P*Hk rwnfEdkifol

o&P*Hk wnfaeolonf wNcm;bmomudk aNymif;vGJ udk;uG,frI rNyKorQ raorcsif; olUoEÅmefü

o&P*Hk wnfae\/ aovQifum; o&P*Hk ysufoGm;ayNyD/ aoNyD;aemuf pdwf r½Sdawmhaom

OwkZ½kyftavmif;ürl o&P*Hk rwnfEdkifay/ pdwfonfvnf; OwkZ½kyf<uif;teD;ü r½SdawmhbJ

aemufwpfb0ü Nzpfysuf tpOftwdkif; NzpfvsufaeavNyD/


------------------------------

o&P*Hk trSm;rsm;

bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;rS wpfyg; wNcm; w&m;? wNcm; t&mudk rdrdwdkU qif;&Judk

Nidrf;ay;Edkifonf[k xifrSwfum tm;udk;&m taeNzifh ,HkMunf qnf;uyf udk;uG,fvQif rSm;,Gif;aom

,HkMunf tm;udk;rI? rSm;,Gif;aom udk;uG,frIom Nzpf\/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf xdkw&m; xdkt&mwdkUü

qif;&JNidrf;aMumif; tusifhaumif; tusifhrSef r½SdaomaMumifhyif/

NrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufawmftcgu t*¾d'wå &aohBuD;ESifh wynfh wpfaomif;wdkUonf opfyif?

awm? awmif? opfoD;O,smOf? yef;O,smOf? ewfuGef;awGudk udk;uG,faeMu\/

NrwfpGmbk&m;u olwdkU udk;uG,faeMuonfrSm rSm;,Gif;aom udk;uG,frIawG NzpfaMumif;? qif;&Judk

rNidrf;apEdkifaMumif; &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfudk;uG,frSomvQif r*¾if½Spfwef tusifhrSefudk

usifhMuHtm;xkwfcGifh &oNzifh opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk odí qif;&J Nidrf;apEdkifaMumif; a[mMum;vsuf

vrf;rSefudk Nyay;&\/ xdktcgrSyif t*¾d'wåESifh wynhftm;vHk; todrSef tNrifrSef&um &[EÅm

NzpfoGm;Mu\/ ("r®-| 2? 159)


------------------------------



o&P*HkykwD;pdyfNcif;

a½S;a½S;q&mNrwfwdkUonf o&P*Hkudk txyfxyf tcgcg cH,laqmufwnf½HkrQru o&P*Hk

txHk&ap&efESifh o&P*Hk npfEGrf;rIr½SdbJ tpOfxm0& NzLpifawmufyrI½Sdap&ef o&P*HkygVdudk txyfxyf

tcgcg ½GwfqdkyGg;rsm;NyD; ykwD;pdyfNcif;rsm;vnf; ½Sdygonf/ ykwD;pdyfenf;udkvnf; atmufygtwdkif;

nTefMum;azmfNyMuygonf-

-rsufpdudkrSdwf (odkUr[kwf) rsufvTmudkcs? ]]Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd}} [lí yg;pyfu qdk? vufu ykwD;wpfvHk;cs/

NrwfpGmbk&m;udk ]]qif;&Judk y,fazsmuf csrf;omudk a&mufapwwfaom udk;uG,f&m bk&m;Nrwf&wem}} [lí

pdwfu od? ykwD;wpfywf&atmifpdwf/

-rsufpdudkrSdwf (odkUr[kwf) rsufvTmudkcs? ]]"r®H o&PH *pämrd}} [lí yg;pyfu qdk? vufu ykwD;wpfvHk;cs/

w&m;awmfNrwfudk ]]qif;&Judk y,fazsmuf csrf;omudk a&mufapwwfaom udk;uG,f&m w&m;Nrwf&wem}}

[lí pdwfu od? ykwD;wpfywf&atmifpdwf/

-rsufpdudkrSdwf (odkUr[kwf) rsufvTmudkcs? ]]oHCH o&PH *pämrd}} [lí yg;pyfu qdk? vufu ykwD;wpfvHk;cs/

oHCmawmfNrwfudk ]]qif;&Judk y,fazsmuf csrf;omudk a&mufapwwfaom udk;uG,f&m

oHCmawmfNrwf&wem}} [lí pdwfu od? ykwD;wpfywf&atmifpdwf/

þenf;tm;Nzifh t"d|mef0wfxm;í Nzpfapç 0wfrxm;bJ Nzpfap o&P*Hk ygVdrsm;udk ½GwfyGg;NyD;

ykwD;pdyfEdkifMuygonf/ ykwD;pdyfNcif;onf ygVdawmfç t|uxmç #Dum usrf;rsm;wGif vmaom usrf;*efvm

tvkyfrsdK;r[kwfapumrl a½S;a½S;q&mNrwfwdkU pOfqufrNywf usifhoHk;awmfrlcJhMuaom ukodkvfaumif;rI

vkyfief;wpfck Nzpfygonf/ ,aeUtxdvnf; ykwD;pdyfNcif;tvkyfudk olawmfpifwdkU ½dkaopGm vdkufem

vkyfudkifaqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdygonf/

o&P*Hk ykwD;pdyfNcif;Nzifh o&P*Hk npfEGrf;rIr½SdbJ NzLpifrI&apNyD; udk,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;vHk;

o&P*HktxHkaumif;pGm &EdkifMuygonf/ cE¨mudk,fwpfckvHk; o&P*HkNzifh xHkxm;Edkifygu txHk&pGJNrJaeaom

o&P*Hkpdwfonf um,uH aomif;usef;rIç 0pDuH aomif;usef;rIç raemuH aomif;usef;rIudk

Nzpfapwwfonfh tukodkvftnpfw&m;rsm;udk z,f½Sm;NyD; NzLpifaom ukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk

tpOfwdk;yGg;apEdkifygonf/

o&P*Hkukodkvfpdwfonf omoemwGif;ukodkvfNzpfí vGefpGm pGrf;tm; BuD;rm;vS\/ xdkUaMumifh

tqdkyg o&P*Hkukodkvfpdwfonf a&xJodkU ypfcsvdkufwdkif; NrKyfwwfaom av;vHonfhausmufcJ oHcJrsm;udk

avSoabFmBuD;rsm;onf rNrKyfatmif umqD; wm;NrpfEdkifouJhodkU tukodkvfw&m;\ tusdK;ay;cGifhudkyif



umqD;wm;NrpfNyD; ewf½Gmok*wdodkU vm;a&muf&Ncif; paom aumif;aom tusdK;rsm;udk ay;pGrf;Edkifygonf/

,if;odkU tusdK; ay;pGrf;EdkifaMumif; oH,kwfusrf;vm ]]o&POygoum}} \ Zmwfvrf;t&

odomxif½Sm;vSygonf/ rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif vkyfudkifaqmif½GufNcif;Nzifh vufawGU tusdK;rsm;udk

odNrifcHpm;EdkifMuygonf/ atmufygwdkUrSm a½S;q&mNrwfwdkU azmfNytyfaom o&P*Hk ykwD;pdyfNcif;\

tusdK;NyvuFmrsm; Nzpfygonf -

-o&P*Hk? oHk;yg;pHk? Munf,HkykwD;pdyf/

-o&P*Hk? udk,fvHk;xHk? NynfhpHkod'¨d[dwf/

-o&P*Hk? udk,fvHk;xHk? tm½Hkxifedrdwf/

-tEÅ&m,fuif;? uyfausmfeif;? aygNcif;vmbfrqdwf/


------------------------------

o&P*HkwnfNcif;\ tusdK;

o&P*Hk raqmufwnfbJ oDv,lEdkifaomfvnf; o&P*Hk wnfNyD;rS aqmufwnf usifhoHk;tyfaom

oDvonfomvQif ydkrdkNyD; aumif;usdK;BuD;rm; Nrifhrm;aomaMumifh o&P*Hk aqmufwnfNyD;rSom ig;yg;oDvç

½Spfyg;oDv ponfwdkUudk aqmufwnfMuygonf/

ÓPf,SOfç r,SOf

apwDç ykxdk;ç ½kyfyGg;ç qif;wkawmfrsm;udk awGUNrifaomtcgESifh &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk

awGUNrifaomtcg rdbwdkUu ]]½Sdcdk;Mu? OD;csMu}} [k cdkif;aomaMumifh &wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,faom

uav;oli,fwdkU\ rd½dk;zvm o&P*Hkonf ÓPfr,SOf (ÓP0dyÜ,kwfNzpf) aom o&P*HkNzpfonf/

þo&P*Hkonfvnf; aumif;usdK;&Edkif\/

bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfawmfrsm;udk razmufrNyef rSefuefpGm ygVdteuf

t"dyÜm,f xifNrifí ok*wdb0tqifhqifhESifh edAÁmefwdkifatmif aumif;usdK;&Edkifonf[k

,HkMunfouf0ifvsuf &wemoHk;yg;wdkUudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfolwdkU\ o&P*Hkonf ÓPfESifh,SOf

(ÓPorÜ,kwfNzpf) aom o&P*Hk Nzpf\/

o&P*Hk\ aumif;usdK;tmedoifum; vlUb0ç ewfb0\ NynfhpHkNcif; vlUpnf;pdrfç ewfpnf;pdrfç

NA[®mhpnf;pdef csrf;omrsm;ESifh NynfhpHkonfhtNyif r*f? zdkvf? edAÁmefwdkifatmif aumif;usdK;ay;Edkifonf/


------------------------------



o&P*Hk wnfNcif; tusdK;rsm;

avmuü bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemNrwfoHk;yg;onf rnfonfht&mESifhrQ EdIif;pmí r&atmif

tNrifhqHk; twkrJh &wemrsm;Nzpfygonf/ tvGefvnf; awGUcJ qHkcJ MuHKMudKufcJygonf/ ,if;odkU tNrifhqHk;

tNrwfqHk; twkrJh &wemrsm;Nzpfí tvGefvnf; awGUcJ qHkcJ MuHKMudKufcJvSaom &wemNrwfoHk;yg;udk

udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m[lí ,HkMunfodrSwf qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&oNzifh o&P*Hkwnf&Ncif;onf vGefpGm

tusdK;BuD;NrwfvSyg\/ tNrifhqHk; tNrwfqHk; twkrJh tusdK;rsm;udk &½SdcHpm;EdkifMuygonf/

aumif;aom ok*wdb0odkU a&muf&Ncif;ç pnf;pdrfOpömESifh NynfhpHk&Ncif;ç tyg,f'k*¾wdb0odkU rus

ra&muf&bJ ewfNynfodkU a&muf&Ncif;ç ewfNynfodkU a&mufaomtcgü touf½SnfNcif;ç tqif;vSNcif;ç

csrf;omBuD;Ncif;ç ta>ct&Hrsm;Ncif;ç tpdk;&Ncif; ig;rsdK;ESifh tqif; toHç teHUç t&omç tawGUtxd

tm½Hkig;yg;? aygif; q,fyg;wdkUrSm tNcm; (o&P*Hk rwnfaom) ewfrsm;xuf omvGefNcif;wdkUudk

&½SdcHpm;Edkif\/

wenf;tm;Nzifh Nzpfav&m b0wdkif;ü trsm;ylaZmf cH&Ncif;ç xufaom ÓPfynm½SdNcif;ç rdrdtvdkodkU

vdkufygapEdkifNcif;ç trsm;ESifhrwlaom pnf;pdrfcsrf;omrsm;udk cHpm;&Ncif;ç a½Ttqif;ESifh wlNcif;ç trsm;

ESpfoufMunfñdkrIudk cH&Ncif;ç rdwfaqG taygif;toif;rsm;\ cspfcifESpfoufrIudk &Ncif;ç

ausmfapmxif½Sm;Ncif; [laom tusdK;xl; ½Spfyg;udk &Ncif;wdkUrSm o&P*HkwnfNcif;aMumifh &½SdcHpm;&aom

usrf;*efvm tusdK;rsm;Nzpfygonf/

xdkrSwyg; o&P*Hkudk ½GwfyGg;í tpmpm;vQif tpm tqdyfroifh/ udk,f0ef½SdaepOf o&P*Hkudk

½GwfyGg;vQif csrf;ompGm arG;zGm;\/ tarG;& vG,ful\/ arG;zGm;vmaom om;orD;rsm; ab;&efuif;\/

o&P*Hkudk tNrJ½GwfyGg;aevQif o&J wapä raNcmuf? ab;&efra&muf? o&P*Hkudk ½Gwfqdkí opfyifrsm;udk

pdkufysdK;vQif opfyifrsm; ydk;rus? aumif;pGm ½Sifoefí zGHUxGm;oefrmaom toD;tESH t½Gufrsm;udk &Edkifonf

paomtm;Nzifh vufawGUtusdK; cHpm;&olwdkUu 0ef;&HaNymqdkMuaom o&P*Hk tusdK;wdkUrSmvnf;

vGefpGmrsm;vSygonf/ pifppftm;Nzifhum; o&P*HkwnfNcif;\ tusdK;oGm;onf ]]þrSomwnf;?

þxufrydk}} [k qdkzG,fr½Sdyg/ tNrifhqHk; tNrwfqHk;Nzpfaom twkrJh &wemNrwfoHk;yg;tay: ,HkMunfodrSwf

qnf;uyf udk;uG,f&Ncif;aMumifh &Edkifaom tusdK;wdkUum; teEÅ ty&drmP twdkif;twmr½Sd

rsm;Nym;BuD;us,fonfom trSefNzpfygonf/


------------------------------



o&P*Hk\tusdK;

o&P*HkwnfvQif b0aumif; b0rGefawGudk&Ncif;? pnf;pdrfOpöm NynfhpHkNcif;rS pí qif;&Jcyfodrf;

Nidrf;onftxd aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk &½SdEdkif\/

ewfNzpf&aom wHigonf

a½S;u oD[dkVfuRef;ü ½GmwGif wrDvf vlrsdK; wHigonf wpfa,muf ½Sd\/ olonf ESpfaygif;

ig;q,fwdkifwdkif wHigvkyfief;Nzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;NyD;aemuf tdkrif;rpGrf; Nzpfaomtcg a&m*g

ESdyfpufí tdyf&mxufü vJavsmif;ae\/

&[ef;awmfwpfyg;onf xdk wHigonfESifh oduRrf;oNzifh aocgeD; wHigonfrSm tenf;i,frQyif

axmufwnf&m &apawmhqdkaom oabmNzifh olUtdrfodkU <uoGm;\/ tdrfodkU a&mufaomtcg vlrrm

wHigonfudk o&P*Hk aqmufwnfap\/ wHigonfonf aoab;udk aMumufoNzifh o&P*Hkudk

vdkvdkvm;vm; cH,laqmufwnf\/ &[ef;awmfu qufvufí ig;yg;oDv wdkifay;aomtcg vlrrmrSm

ar;cdkifoGm;í vdkufrqdkEdkifawmhay/

&[ef;awmfu oifhavmufNyD[kqdkum ausmif;odkU Nyef<uoGm;\/ rMumrDyif wHigonf uG,fvGefí

pwkr[m&mZfewfNynfü ewfpnf;pdrf csrf;omudk cHpm;&\/

þwHigonf ESpfaygif;ig;q,f NyKvkyfcJhaom ygPmwdygw (tmpdPÖuH) tukodkvfudk aocgeD;rS

NyK&aom (tmoEéuH) o&P*Hk ukodkvfu wm;Nrpfvdkufum aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk ay;Ncif;Nzpfonf (tH-|

2? 107)/ odkUaomf o&P*Hkukodkvf\ tpGrf;owåd ukefqHk;aomtcg xdkol\ ygPmwdygwuH tusdK;ay;cGifh

&vmEdkifayonf/


------------------------------



om"u0w¬Krsm;

o&P*HkwnfNcif; tusdK;rsm;udk ay:vGifrIESifh cdkifvHkrI½Sd&ef usrf;*efvm xif½Sm;aom

o&P*HktusdK;Ny om"u0w¬Krsm;udk azmfNyygOD;rnf/

aoaomufMuL; ]]o&POygoum}} taMumif;

bk&m;½Sif vufxufawmfü bk&m;½Sif\ aqGawmfrsdK;awmf trsdK;om;wpfa,mufonf

t&ufaopmudk vlrSef;odwwfonfh t½G,frSpí rNywfrvyf aomufpm;avh½SdcJhonf/ xdkodkU t&ufaopm

aomufpm;avh½Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ,HkMunftm;xm;onfhpdwfum;

vGefpGmBuD;rm;cdkifrmvS\/ tb,frQBuD;rm;oenf;[lrl -

wpfOD;wpfa,mufu ]]oifonf bk&m;udk bk&m;r[kwfbl;? w&m;udk w&m; r[kwfbl;? oHCmudk

oHCmr[kwfbl;vdkU aNymvQifaNym? raNymvQif oif\ OD;acgif;udk Nzwfypfrnf}} [k qdkcJhvQif ]]oifNzwfvdku

Nzwfyg? ightaeeJU bk&m;udk bk&m;r[kwfbl;? w&m;udk w&m; r[kwfbl;? oHCmudk oHCmr[kwfbl;[k

b,fenf;ESifhrQ raNym0Hhyg}} -

[lí NyefaNymEdkifpGrf;onftxd &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ,HkMunftm;xm;onfhpdwf"mwf

BuD;rm;cdkifrmolNzpfonf/ þrQ &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ,HkMunftm;xm;onfhpdwf"mwf

BuD;rm;vGef;onfhtwGufaMumifhvnf; xdktrsdK;om;\ trnfudk trsm;u ]]o&POygoum}} [k

ac:cJhMuonf/

xdk ]]o&POygoum}} ac: aoaomufMuL;trsdK;om;onf xdkb0rS aovGefonf½Sdaomf

&wemoHk;yg;tay: toufpGefUí ,HkMunftm;xm;aom o&P*HkpdwfaMumifh ewfNynfodkU

vm;a&muf&avonf/

þodkU ewfNynfa&muf&aMumif;udk bk&m;½Sifu a[mNyawmfrl&m o&POygoumonf

b0wavQmufvHk; t&ufaopm aomufpm;vmcJholNzpfygvsuf aoonfhtcg ewfNynfodkU

a&mufoGm;onfqdkaom bk&m;½Sif\ a[mMum;csufudk aqGawmfrsdK;awmftm;vHk;u r,HkMunfEdkifNzpfMuonf/

tcsif;csif; pkrdwdkif; aNymqdkMuí NrwfpGmbk&m;tm; uJh&JUNypfwifMuawmhonf/ þtaMumif;udk bk&m;½Sif\

baxG;awmf ]]r[memrf}} omuD0ifrif;u Mum;&onfhtwGuf bk&m;½Siftm; avQmufxm;&m -



r[memrf . . . &wem oHk;yg;ü rwkefrvIyf ouf0if ,HkMunfol ]]o&POygoum}} onf

aoqHk;onfESifh wNydKifeuf aomwmyeftNzpfa&mufNyD; ewfNynfodkU a&mufoGm;&Ncif;rSm rSefayonf/

]]&wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfawmf aus;Zl;awmfrsm;u twdkif;rod BuD;us,fNrifhNrwfNcif;ç &wemoHk;yg;tay:

toufpGefUí rwkefrvIyf ,HkMunfaom o'¨gw&m; xm;½SdNcif;}} [laom taMumif;wdkUaMumifh

ao&nfao&uf aomufpm;um tukodkvftm;tpGrf;onf o&P*HkwnfNcif;\ ukodkvfpGrf;tm;udk

umqD;wm;NrpfNcif;rNyKEdkif -

[lí bk&m;½Sifu NyefvnfrdefUMum;awmfrlcJhygonf (oH? 3? 326) /

(þ0w¬Konf &wemoHk;yg;udk toufESif;í rysufr,Gif; rwkefrvIyf ,HkMunfudk;uG,faom

avmukwå&mo&P*Hk tusdK;Ny om"u0w¬K Nzpf\/)


------------------------------

o&P*Hkwnfaom trsdK;om;wpfa,muftaMumif;

taemr'óD NrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhxGef;awmfrl&mtcgü rsufrNrifrdbESpfyg;wdkUudk NyKpkvkyfauR;aeaom

vkvifwpfa,muf½Sdavonf/ ¤if;vkvifonf wpfaeUoü þodkU tMuHwpfckNzpfav\ -

igonf rsufrNrif rdb ESpfyg;udk vkyfauR;ae&onfhtwGuf ½Sif&[ef;NyKcGifhr& Nzpfae&onf?

bk&m;½SifyGifhawmfrl&m omoemawmfESifh MuHKMudKufonfhtcdkuf udk;uG,f&m wpfckudkawmh ½SmazGqnf;yl;rS

oifhrnf -

[lí tMuHNzpfavonf/

,if;odkU MuHNyD;aemuf taemr'óD NrwfpGmbk&m;\ t*¾om0uwynfhNzpfaom

]]edobrax&fNrwf}} xHodkU csOf;uyfNyD; o&P*Hk oHk;yg;udk woufvHk; rysufatmif aqmufwnfcJhavonf/

xdktcsdefu vlwdkU\ toufwrf;onf wpfodef;wrf;NzpfaomaMumifh vGefpGm touf½SnfoNzifh

o&P*Hkvnf; MumMumwnf&avonf/ o&P*Hkonf umv½Snf½Snfwnfav tusdK;rsm;av Nzpfygonf/

xdkvkvifonf rsufrNrif rdbESpfyg;wdkUudk vkyfauR;vsufyif o&P*Hkudk toufxufqHk; rysuf

rpD;&atmif udk;uG,f tm;xm;&m NyKí aqmufwnfNyD; xdkb0rS pkawaovGefvQif o&P*Hkudk



toufxufqHk; rysufrpD;&atmif aqmufwnfxm;aom aumif;rIaMumifh wm0wðomewfNynfü

ewfwumwdkUudk tpdk;&aom odMum;rif;BuD; Nzpf&av\/

þodkUþyHk o&P*Hkudk vHkNcHKpGm woufvHk; aqmufwnfcJhaomaumif;rI\ tusdK;qufaMumifhyif

odMum;rif; tNzpfcsnf;yJ qufumqufum Nzpf&onfrSm tBudrfaygif; ½Spfq,f? av;uRef;vHk;udk

tpdk;&aom pMum0aw;rif;BuD; Nzpf&onfrSm ckepfq,fhig;Budrf? ya'o&mZfç {u&mZfrif; tNzpfwdkUrSm

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r[kwfyg? teEÅ*dkPf;0if aus;Zl;½Sifq&mrsdK; Nzpfygonf (tH? |? 2? 107) /

o&P*Hkrwnfu vlrrnfNcif;taMumif;

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rSwf,loifh\/

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(r[m0Hot|uxm) /

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&cJhygonf (r? 2? 227) /


------------------------------

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txyfxyf pOf;pm;í w&m;awmft& ususee vdkufem aexdkifMuonf r[kwfygavm/


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avhvmMuygukef/


------------------------------

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(usrf;udk;/ / v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ omoemh0daom"eDusrf;-yxrwGJ)

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xkdYaMumifh ,cktcg tvGefawGUcJ BuHKcJ eufeJxl;jrwfvSpGmaom jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmfjrwfü

BuKHBudKufMu&ukefaom &[ef; ½Sif vl olawmfaumif;taygif;wkdYonf rdrdwkdYukd,fukd tE¨ykxkZOftjzpfç

'dG[dwfo&P*kHrsKd; tjzpfüwnfí wpfoufwpfcE¨m wpfomoemNyD;qkH;í oGm;Murnfhta&;ukd

pkd;&drfMuukef&m\? raorDumv twGif;ü wpfBudrfwpfcgrQyifaomfvnf; rdrdwkdYukd;uG,f&m bk&m;ç w&m;ç

oHCmç omoemrsm;ukd ukd,fawGU'd| awGUjrifbl;&aom uvsmPBuD;tjzpfç

wd[dwfo&P*kHrsKd;tjzpfüwnfí aemifwd[dwfy#doef ÓPftvdrfrmrsKd;rsm;ukd &EkdifMu&ef BuHzef

tm;pkdufMuukef&monf/

2/ þ'Gd[dwfo&P*kHuJhokdYyifvQif ,ckb0ü tewåy&dnmpcef;okdY ra&mufaom wd[dwfo&P*kH

onfvnf; ted,wrsKd;yifwnf;? aemufaemufb0wkdYü todtvdrfrm ÓPfynmukdrlum; ay;Ekdif\/



,cktcgü þted,wo&P*kH 2-yg;wkdY\ tvm;ukd xif½Sm;apjcif;iSg-

ememow¬m&meH rkcH Oav’mauEÅDwd ykxkZÆem-

[laom y#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmfjrwf\ teuft"dyÜg,fukd jyqkd&m\/

teufum;/ /ememow¬m&meH=txl;xl;aom ukd;uG,f&m q&mwkdY\? rkcH=rsufESmukd?

Oav’mauEÅd=warmharmhMunfhwwfukef\? £wdwo®m=xkdYaMumifh? ykxkZÆem=ykxkZOfrnfukef\/

«wpfb0wpfb0vQif wpfrsKd;wpfrsKd; ukd;uG,f&majymif;a&TUwwfukef\-[lvkd/»

ab;BuD; 3-yg;

þoHo&mü txl;aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vSaom ab;BuD; 3-yg;½Sd\/

3-yg;[lonfum;-

1/ 0dedygwab;BuD; wpfyg;

2/ rdpäm'd|dab;BuD; wpfyg;

3/ ememow¬m& Oav’mueab;BuD; wpfyg;

þ 3-yg;wkdYwnf;? xkd 3-yg;wkdYwGif-

1/ 0dedygwab;BuD; qkdonfum;-ouúm,'d|d wif;vif;½SdaeMuukefaom vlç ewfç jA[®m owå0g

taygif;wkdYonf rdrdwkdYjzpf&mbkHb0rS pkawMuukefonf½Sdaomf b,fbkHb,fb0rSm igjzpfrnf[k tvkd½Sd&m

bkHb0okdY oGm;EkdifMuukefonfr[kwf? ur®óumuHypfcs&m[k aoonfhaemufb0ü

aygufvTwfxm;Mu&ukef\? ,lZemrsm;pGmus,faom xef;awmç tkef;awmBuD;rS ckwfcsKdifí cstyfukefaom

xef;oD;ç tkef;oD;wkdYonf aygufvTwf'vMurf; y&rf;ywm usa&mufMuavukefouJhokdY? xkdYtwl-

(u) vlUbkHrS pkawukefaom vlowå0gtaygif;wkdYonfvnf; aoonf\aemufü aygufvTwf'vMurf;

y&rf;ywm uHypfcs&m usa&mufMuavukef\/

(c) ewfjynf 6-xyf ewfbkHwkdYrS pkawMuukefaom ewfowå0gtaygif;wkdYonfvnf;aumif;? ½lyg0p&ç

t½lyg0p&jA[®mhjynfrS pkawMuukefaom jA[®mowå0gtaygif;wkdYonfvnf;aumif;? aoonf\ aemufü

aygufvTwf'vMurf; y&rf;ywm uHypfcs&m usa&mufMuavukef\/

(*) r[myx0Dç jrifhrkd&fç owå&befç bkHAdrmefwkdYonf raorDumvüom wnf&mrSD&mudpöukd NyD;pD;apukef\?

aoonf\ aemufürlum;-atmuf r[mt0Dpdi&JBuD; tjyifwkdifatmif aumif;uif[if;vif;



teEÅacsmufBuD;wGif;okdY usMuukefbdouJhokdY tNidtwG,f tuG,ftumr½Sd uHypfcs&m

usa&mufMuavukef\/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onfvnf;--

aoMuukefaom owå0gtaygif;wkdYwGif ok*wdb0okdY a&mufMuukefaom owå0gwkdYonf ig\

vufonf;awmfay:rSmwif½Sdaom ajrrIefYyrmPuJhokdY tvGefenf;MuvSukef\? tyg,fbkHokdY

a&mufMuavukefaom owå0gwkdYonfrlum; r[myx0DajrBuD;rSm½Sdaeaom ajrrIefYyrmPuJhokdY

tvGefrsm;vSukef\-[lí a[mawmfrlay\? wpfa,mufaomol\ ukd,fü½Sdaom ykd;rsKd; 80-wkdYrSpí i&JBuD;

8-jynfaxmifwdkYESifhwuG tyg,f 4-bkHwkdYü tvkH;pkHaom a&owå0gç ukef;owå0gwkdY\ aygrsm;ykHukd

qifjcifajrmfaxmuf ojzifhvnf; a'oemawmftwkdif; rSefvSayonf[k ,kHMunfMuukef&m\/

þokdYvQif terw*¾oHo&mjyifBuD;ü ouúm,'d|d wif;vif;½SdaeMuukefaom vlç ewfç

jA[®mowå0g taygif;wkdYtm; pkawrae aovGefMuaomtcgü usvkd&mus a&mufvkd&ma&muf

aygufvTwfavsmufvsm; ur®óum uHypfcs&m[k uHwpfckç Mur®mwpfck vTwfíxm;Mu&ojzifh uHypfcs&m

y&rf;ywm usa&mufNrJ "r®wmjzpfaomab;BuD;onf 0dedygwab;BuD;rnf\/

ynm½Sdol ewfç vltaygif;wkdYonf oHo&mtjyifü þ0dedygw 'ku©ab;BuD;ukd tvGefaMumufMuç

pufqkyfMuukefonfjzpfí xkdab;BuD;rS vGwfcGifhukd &jcif;iSg bk&m;omoemawmfukd wajrmfwnf;

ajrmfMu&ukef\? bk&m;omoemawmfESifh awGUBuHKMuaomtcg wpfyg;aom aqGa&;ç rsKd;a&;ç Opöma&;ç

pD;yGm;a&;wkdYxuf xkdab;BuD;rS vGwfNyD;jzpfwnfhMujcif;iSg tewåbm0emw&m;ukd tm;xkwfpGJNrJMu&ukef\/

«þum;-terw*¾oHo&mBuD;ü tvGefaMumufrufzG,f aumif;vSaom 0dedygwab;BuD;ukd t&dyft>rufrQ

jyqkdvkdufaom pum;&yfwnf;/»

2/ rdpäm'd|dab;BuD;qkdonfum;-ew¬d 'dEéH? ew¬d ,d|H? ew¬d[kwH-tp½Sdonfjzifhvmaom 10-yg;tjym;½Sdaom

,cktcg taemufEkdifiHwpfcGifvkH;ü xGef;um;íaeaom rdpäm'd|dab;BuD;wnf;? ur®óuwm or®m'd|d

ÓPfrsufpd\ tEÅ&m,fjzpfaom ab;BuD;wnf;/

«ur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓPfrsufpdqkdonfum;-

oHo&mpcef;ukdvnf;aumif;ç oHo&mvrf;ukdvnf;aumif;odwwfjrifwwfaom ÓPfrsufpdukd qkdownf;/»



(u) oHo&mpcef;qkdonfum; aoonf\tjcm;rJhü uHtm;avsmfpGm qkdufa&mufMu&aom tyg,f 4-bkHç

vlUbkHç ewfjynf 6-xyfewfbkHç ½lyç t½lyç jA[®mjynfbkHwkdYukd oHo&mpcef;qkdonf/

(c ) aoonfrS aemufü owå0gwkdY\ vm;&m a&muf&m tyg,f 4-bkHwkdYonf &Sdukef\? tyg,f 4-

bkHwdkYokdYvnf; vm;Mua&mufMu&ukef\? txufewfjynf 6-xyf ewfbkHwkdYonf ½Sdukef\?

ewfjynfokdYvnf; a&mufMu&ukef\? jA[®m 20-wkdYvnf;½Sdukef\? jA[®mjynfokdYvnf; a&mufMu&ukef\-[k

odwwfjrifwwfaom ÓPfrsufpdrnf\/

(*) owå0gwkdYjyKí aeMu&ukefaom um,uHrIç 0pDuHrIç raemuHrIwkdYukd þtrI þtrIwkdYum;-

'kp½kdufrIwkdYwnf;? tyg,fi&JokdY Mua&mufrnfhvrf;wnf;? þtrIþtrIwkdYum;-okp½kdufrIwdkYwnf;?

vlUb0ç ewfb0okdY a&muf&rnfhvrf;wnf;? þtrI þtrIwkdYum;- ½lyç t½ly jA[®mhbkHokdY

a&muf&rnfhvrf;wnf;-[k odwwfjrifwwfaom ÓPfonf oHo&mvrf;ukd odwwfjrifwwfaom

ÓPfrsufpdrnf\/

terw*¾oHo&mü usifvnfíaeMuukefaom owå0gtaygif;wkdYtm; þur®óu- wmor®m'd|d

ÓPfrsufpdukdyif tvGefw&m&cJvSukef\? b0wpf&mrS wpfcgr&EkdifMuukef? b0wpfaxmifrS

wpfcgr&EkdifMuukef? oHo&mrSm oGm;vmusifvnfqJrwfwwfü rdpäm'd|d'PfBuD; xdMuojzifh xkdrsufpd 2-

vkH; uG,fqkH;íaeMuaom b0wkdYonfom tvGefrsm;Muukef\? ,cktcg Ak'¨bmomvlrsKd;wdkYü

þrsufpd½SdMuukef\? Ak'¨bmom vlrsKd;rSwpfyg; t&yf&yfaomvlrsKd;ç tvkH;pkHaom a&owå0gç

ukef;owå0grsKd;wkdYrSm þrsufpdr½SdMuavNyD? atmufü i&JbkHç NydwåmbkHç tok&um,fbkHç txufü ewfbkHç

jA[®mhbkH½SdrSef;ukdyif rodMuukefNyD? rdrd rdrdwkdY aeY½SdorQ jyKvkyfíaeMuaom um,uHrIç 0pDuHrIç raemuHrI

wkdYukdyif okp½kdufrIrSef;ç 'kp½kdufrIrSef;ç ok*wdvrf;rSef;ç 'k*¾wdvrf;rSef; rodMuukefNyD/

þur®óuwmor®m'd|dÓPfrsufpd 2-vkH; ysufqkH; uG,faysmufíaeMuukefaom owå0gwkdYtm;

aeY½SdorQ &uf&SdorQ vIyfvIyf&G&GjyKMu vkyfMu ajymMu qkdMu BuHpnfMuorQaom um,uHrIç 0pDuHrIç

raemuHrIwkdYonf tyg,f 4-yg;ü jr§KyfMubkdYç epfMubkdYomjzpfukef\? xkdrsufpd 2-vkH; uG,faysmuf&m

t&yfwkdYrnfonf wpfrsKd;vkH;ç wpfaqGvkH;ç wpf&yfvkH;ç wpf&GmvkH;ç wpfNrdKUvkH;ç wpfe,fvkH;ç wpfwkdif;vkH;ç

wpfjynfvkH;ç wpfEkdifiHvkH; tyg,fi&JokdYcsnf; pkH;pkH;jr§KyfMuavukef\? terw*¾oHo&mwpfjyifvkH;onf

rdpäm'd|dawmBuD; *EkdifBuD;uJhokdYjzpf\? owå0gtaygif;wkdYonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh rdpäm'd|db0wkdYESifhom

awGYBuHKMu&ukef\/

þokdYvQif ouúm,'d|d wif;vif;½SdaeMuukefaom owå0gtaygif;wkdYtm; urf;rjrifaom

ork'´&mtjyifü ewfe*g;wkdY\ tqdyfavç tqdyfckd;wkdYESifh awGUBuHKMuí yuwdrsufpd 2-vkH;ysufqkH;



uG,fyí aeMuukefaom oabFmom;rsm;ç avSom;trsm; oluef;a,mufsm;wkdYonf avSoabFmukdvTwfí

xm;jyefvQifvnf; urf;ESifha0;onfxuf a0;&mokdYom a&tvkduf avtvkduf arsmMu ygMuavukef&m\?

avSmfrIç cwfrIç &GufwkdufrIç pufckwfrI ya,m*ukd jyKMuukefjyefvQifvnf; ta½SUç taemufç awmifç

ajrmufukd rjrifbJjyKMu&onfhtwGuf urf;ESifha0;onfxuf a0;&mokdYom jyKrdMuukef&m\/

xkdYtwl terw*¾oHo&mjyifBuD;0,f oknurÇmwkdYü rdpäm'd|dwnf;[laom tqdyfavç

tqdyfckd;wkdYESifh awGUBuHKMuí b0tqufquf or®m'd|drsufpd 2-vkH; ysufqkH;uG,fyvsuf

usifvnfMuukefaom owå0g taygif;wkdYtm; jyKorQ jzpforQaom ukd,fya,m*ç EIwfya,m*ç

pdwfya,m*wkdYonf jr§Kyfonfxuf jr§KyfbkdY? epfonfxuf epfbkdYom jzpfMuavukef\/

«þum;-&mZawm0g apm&awm0g-[laom y&dwfBuD;ü toE´d|dawm0g- [lí vm½Sdaom rdpäm'd|d

oHo&mab;BuD;aywnf;/»

ynm½Sdol ewfç vlç jA[®m owå0gtaygif;wkdYonf terw*¾oHo&mwpfjyifvkH;ü oHo&mESifh

tjynfh½Sdaom NrdKU&GmEkdifiHESifhwuG tyg,fi&JokdY pkH;pkH;pkyfpkyfjr§KyfapEkdifaom þtoE´d|dab;BuD;ukdvnf;

tvGefaMumufvefYMuç tvGefpufqkyfMuukefonfjzpfí xkdab;BuD;rS vGwfcGifhukd &jcif;iSg

bk&m;omoemawmf ukdom wajrmfwnf;ajrmfMu&ukef\? bk&m;omoemawmfESifhawGUBuHKMuaomtcg

wpfyg;aom aqGa&;ç rsKd;a&;ç pD;yGm;a&;ç csrf;oma&;wkdYxuf xkdab;BuD;rS vGwfNyD;jzpfwnfhMu&ef

tewåbm0ema&;ukdom ukd,fa&;jyKvkyfí tm;xkwfpGJNrJMu&ukef\/

«þum;-terw*¾oHo&mBuD;ü tvGefaMumufrufzG,faumif;vSaom toE´d|drdpämab;BuD;ukd

t&dyft>rufrQ jyqkdvkdufaom pum;&yfwnf;/»

3/ ememow¬m& Oav’mueab;BuD;qkdonfum;-terw*¾oHo&mtjyifü usifvnfMuukefaom

owå0gtaygif;wkdYtm; bk&m;[kwf bk&m;rSefESifh awGYBuHKrIrnfonf urÇmtoacsFaygif; toacsFyif

Mumaomfvnf; wpf&Hwpfcg BuHKBudKufcJvS\? xkdYtwl w&m;[kwf w&m;rSefç oHCm[kwf oHCmrSefç

omoem[kwf omoemrSefukd awGUBuHKrIrnfonf urÇmtoacsFaygif; toacsFyifMumaomfvnf;

wpf&HwpfcgrQ awGUBuHKcJvS\/

(u) &Hcg jA[®mukd bk&m;vkyfí ukd;uG,fMu&ukef\/

(c) &HcgodMum;ukd bk&m;vkyfí ukd;uG,fMu&ukef\/



(*) &Hcgaeukdç &Hcgvukdç &Hcgxkdxkdeu©wfukdç &Hcgy&rDoGmewfrsKd;ukdç &HcgAdóPkd;ewfrsKd;ukdç &Hcgxdkxdk

bDvl;BuD;wkdYukdç &Hcg e*g;BuD;wkdYukdç &Hcg*VKefBuD;wkdYukdç

(C) &Hcgawmifukdç &Hcgawmukdç &HcgxkdxkdopfyifwkdYukdç &HcgjrpfBuD;wkdYukdç &HcgtkdifBuD;wkdYukdç &Hcga&ukdç

&HcgrD;ukdç &Hcgavukd bk&m;vkyfí ukd;uG,fMu&ukef\/

(i) &HcgacG;ukd OyZÑm,fq&mvkyfí ukd;uG,fMu&ukef\/

(p) &HcgEGm;ukdç &Hcgjrif;ukdç &Hcgqifukd tp½Sdonfjzifh

wpfb0wpfb0vQif wpfrsKd;wpfrsKd; ukd;uG,f&m jyKMu&ukef\/

txl;tm;jzifhrlum;- yk&mPuóyç ru©vda*gomv tp½SdonfwkdYuJhokdYaom t,kwfwrm

rdpäm'd|d BuD;wkdYrnfonf þoHo&mBuD;ü urÇmtpOf½SdMuukef\? xkdolwkdYukd MuyfMuyfukd;uG,favav

tyg,fi&J eufavavom jzpfukef\? wpftdrfvkH;ukd;uG,fvQif wpftdrfvkH; pkH;pkH;jr§KyfMuavukef\?

wpf&yfvkH;ç wpf&GmvkH;ç wpfNrdKUvkH;ç wpfEkdifiHvkH; ukd;uG,fvQif wpfEkdifiHvkH; tyg,fi&JokdY jr§KyfMuavukef\?

bk&m;vufxufawmfü yk&mPuóyBuD;ukd ukd;uG,fMuolwdkYonf tdrfajcig;&mpvkH; t0Dpdi&JokdY

jr§KyfMuavukef\? xkdYtwl ru©vda*gomvq&mBuD;ukd ukd;uG,fMuol tdrfajcig;&m tp½Sdonfjzifh

usrf;*efwkdYüvm\/

«þum;-terw*¾ oHo&mjyifBuD;ESifh tjynfh½Sdaeaom ememow¬m& Oav’mueab;BuD;wnf;/»

ynm½Sdol ewfç vlç jA[®m owå0gtaygif;wkdYonf oHo&mü t,kwfwrmBuD;awGukd bk&m;jyKvkyfí

wpfb0vQif wpfrsKd;wpfrsKd; BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tarSmufarSmuf trSm;rSm;

ukd;uG,fíaeMu&aomab;BuD;ukdvnf; tvGefaMumufvefYMuç tvGefpufqkyfMuukefonfjzpfí

xkdab;BuD;rS vGwfjcif;iSg bk&m;omoemawmfukdom wajrmfwnf; ajrmfMu&ukef\? bk&m;omoemawmfESifh

awGYBuHKMuaomtcg wpfyg;aom aqGa&;ç rsKd;a&;ç pD;yGm;a&;ç csrf;oma&;wkdYxuf xkdab;BuD;rSvGwfNyD;

jzpfwnfhMujcif;iSg tewåbm0ema&;ukdom ukd,fa&; jyKvkyfí tm;xkwfpGJNrJ tm;cJMu&ukef\/

«þum;-terw*¾oHo&mBuD;ü tvGefaMumufrufzG,faumif;vSaom ememow¬m& Oav’mueab;BuD;ukd

t&dyft>rufrQ jyqkdvkdufaompum;&yfwnf;»

«þum;-ab;BuD; okH;yg;ukd jyqkdjcif;wnf;/»

ynm½Sdol ewfç vlç jA[®m owå0gtaygif;wkdYonf xkdab;BuD;okH;yg;wkdYrS uRwfvGwfaom

tcGifhukd&jcif;iSg bk&m;omoemawmfukd ajrmfac:awmifhwí 'geç oDvtp½Sdaom ukokdvfaumif;rIwkdYukd



jyKvkyftm;xkwfí vmMuukef&m xkdukokdvfaumif;rIwkdY\ tusKd;tm;jzifh bk&m;omoemawmfESifh

awGUBuHKMu&ukefaomfvnf; tMuifolwkdYonf ted,wo&P*kHrQESifh aoqkH;Muavukef\? tewåy&dnmokdY

qkdufaom ed,w o&P*kHokdY ra&mufMuavukef? &[ef;ç ½Sifç vl xkdoltaygif;wkdYonf

ab;BuD;okH;yg;wkdYrS uRwfvGwfcGifhokdY ra&mufMuukefrlí aoonfrS aemufumvü o&P*kHuG,faysmufí

xkdab;BuD;okH;yg;twGif;okdYom a&mufNrJa&mufMuavukef\/

tb,fhaMumifhenf;qkdaomf-

xkd&[ef;ç ½Sifç vlwkdYonf omoemwGif;ü BuHKBudKufMu onfqkdjim;aomfvnf; BuHKBudKufcgrQom

½SdMuukef\? cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f[kqkdtyfaom tewå"r®wkdYukd r½Iwwfç

rjrifwwfMuukefonfjzpfí bk&m;ukdvnf; awGUjrif&ol r[kwfMuukef? w&m;udkvnf; awGUjrif&ol

r[kwfMuukef? oHCmukdvnf; awGUjrif&ol r[kwfMuukef? omoemawmfukdvnf; awGUjrif&ol

r[kwfMuukef? bk&m;vufxufawmfü aumovrif;BuD;ç vmVK'g,D rax&fBuD; tp½Sdaom vl ½Sifç

&[ef;wkdYuJhokdYwnf;/

(u) aumovrif;BuD;onf to'do tvSLBuD;ukdvnf; vSL&\? aZw0efausmif;awmfwGif;ü

uav½krnfaom ausmif;ukdaqmufvkyfí ausmif;wumvnf; cH&\? bk&m;txHodkYvnf; aeYpOf

qnf;uyf&\? cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f-wnf;[laom tewå"r®udk awGUjrifrI r&Sdonfh

twGufaMumifh bk&m;udkawGUjrif&ol[líum;-rqdktyf/

(c) vmVK'g,Dtrnf&Sdaom rax&fBuD;onf aZw0efausmif;awmfwGif;rSm bk&m;ESifh toufxufqkH;ae&\?

cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f-wnf;[laom tewå"r®udk awGUjrifrI r&Sdonfh twGufaMumifh

bk&m;udk awGUjrif&ol[líum;-rqdktyf/

«0uúvdokwf oH,kwfygVdawmfudk a&S;ü jyqdkcJhNyD»

t|uxmBuD;wdkYüvnf;-

pu©Kem=rsufpdjzifh? yóaEÅmyd=jrifíaeygaomfvnf;? ÓaPe=ÓPfjzifh? t&da,[d=t&d,m

yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf? 'd|H=jriftyfaom? tedpöm'dvu©PH=tedpötp&Sdaom oabmvu©Pmudk? tyóaEÅmp=

rjrifaomoludkvnf;aumif;? t&d,m"d*wH=t&d,mwdkYonf odtyfaom? "r®H=aAm"dyu©d,w&m;tpkudk?

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w&m;wkdYudk? t'd|wåmp=rjrifonf\tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? t&d,bm0ó=t&d,mjzpfaMumif;



jzpfaom aAm"dyu©d,w&m;udk? t'd|wåmp=rjrifonf\tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? t&d,meH=

bk&m;tp&Sdaom t&d,mwdkYudk? t'óm0Dwd=rawGUrjrif&aom ol[lí? a0'dwaAÁm=odtyf\/

[lírdefYqdkMuavukef\/

«tedpöESifh tewåum;-twlwl? tedpötppfudk jrifwwfvQif tewåudkjrifawmhonf/»

þodkYvQif aumovrif;BuD; vmVK'g,Drax&fBuD;wkdYuJhodkYomoemwGif;ü

BuHKBudKufMuygukefaomfvnf; o'¨g\pcef;rQodkYom qdkufa&mufMuukefí ÓPf\pcef;odkY

ra&mufMuukefonfESifh o'¨gawGUudkrQom awGUMuukefí ÓPfawGU rawGUMuukefaomaMumifh

aoonf\aemufü o&P*kH uG,faysmufí xdkab;BuD;okH;yg;twGif;odkYom a&mufNrJ

a&mufMuavukefownf;/

vGefavNyD;aom terw*¾oHo&mü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf **FgoJvkH;rQru yGifhMuavukefNyD?

,ck&SdaeMuaom &Sifvltaygif;wkdYonfvnf; vGefavNyD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkY\ omoemü

BuHKBudKufcJhMuvSukefNyD? ynmpcef;odkYum; ra&muf? o'¨gpcef;rQESifhomtm;&wif;wdrfí vmcJhMuaomaMumifh

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r&MuukefbJ epfNrJepfcg arsmNrJarsmcg 0#fyifv,f waMumrSm warmarm aeMuukefownf;/

tMuifvlvl½Sif½Sif ynm½SdwdkYonfrlum; cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'fwnf;[laom

tewå"r®wdkYukd todÓPftjrifÓPf aygufa&mufMuukef\? xdkolwdkYonfrlum;-

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(2) w&m;awmfukdvnf; o'¨gawGUç ynmawGU 2-yg;wdkYjzifh awGUjrifMu&ukef\/

(3) t&d,moHCmawmfwdkYukdvnf; o'¨gawGUç ynmawGU 2-yg;wdkYjzifh awGUjrifMu&ukef\/

(4) omoemawmfukdvnf; o'¨gawGUç ynmawGU 2-yg;wdkYjzifh awGUjrifMu&ukef\/

xdkolwdkYonf ÓPorÜ,kwf wd[dwfOuú| ed,wo&P*kHokdY a&mufMuukefojzifh ab;BuD; 3-

yg;rS uRwfvGwfMuavukef\/

(1) 0dedygw-[laom yXrab;BuD;rSvnf; uRwfvGwfMuavukef\? ,ckb0rSpí b0rsm;pGmç urÇmrsm;pGm

oHo&mü usifvnfíoGm;Mu&ukefaomfvnf; ,kwfnHhaombkHb0okdY y&rf;ywmus a&mufjcif;[lí

r½SdMuukefNyD? bkef;wefcdk;usufoa& pnf;pdrfcsrf;om tvdr®mwdkYESifhjynfhpkHaom jrifhjrwfaomvlrsdK;ç

jrifhjrwfaomewfrsdK;ç jrifhjrwfaomjA[®mrsdK;wdkYüom jzpfMu&ukefawmhonf/



(2) rdpäm'd|d-[laom 'kwd,ab;BuD;rSvnf; uRwfvGwfMuavukef\? ,ckb0rSpí b0rsm;pGmç urÇmrsm;pGm

oHo&mü usifvnfíoGm;Mu&ukefaomfvnf; ur®óuwm or®m'd|drsufvkH; ysufqkH;uG,fyaom

rdpäm'd|db0okdY ra&mufMuukefNyD? ur®óuwmor®m'd|drsufvkH;ESifhwuG cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç

y#dpöorkyÜg'fwdkYukdjrifEdkifaom "r®pu©KÓPfrsufvHk;ç "r®|dwdÓPfrsufpdwdkYESifh tNrJedpöxm0&

jynfhpkHMuavukefawmhonf/

(3) ememow¬m&Oav’mue-[laom wwd,ab;BuD;rSvnf; uRwfvGwfMuavukef\? ,ckb0rSpí

b0rsm;pGmç urÇmrsm;pGm oHo&mü usifvnfíoGm;Muukefaomfvnf; bk&m;[kwfç bk&m;rSefç bk&m;ppf

[kqdktyfaom oAÁñkjrwfpGmbk&m;rSwpfyg; jA[®mtp½Sdaom wpfjcm;wpfyg;aomolukd bk&m;[lí xifrSwf

ukd;uG,fjcif;r½SdMuavukefNyD? ,ckb0ü aqmufwnftyfaom Ak'¨o&P*kHonf xdkolwdkYtm; tEkyg'daoo

edAÁmef&onf b0wdkifatmif tpOfxm0& edpötNrJ wnfavawmhonf/

»"r®o&P*kHç oHCo&P*kHwdkYonfvnf; xdkYtwlwnfavukefawmhonf/«

b0rsm;pGm urÇmtqufquf usifvnfí oGm;Muukefaomfvnf; xdkolwdkYrSm omoemyaomb0ç

omoemuG,faomb0[lí r½SdMuukefNyD? þuJhokdYaomolwdkYonf ,cktcgü ewfjynf 6-xyfwdkYrSmvnf;

tjynfh½SdMuukef\? jA[®mjynfwdkYrSmvnf; tjynfh½SdMuukef\/

þokdYvQif cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'fwdkYü tewåy&dnmokdYa&mufojzifh

ed,wo&P*kHukd&í 3-yg;aomab;BuD;wdkYrS tNyD;wdkif vGwfNidrf;íoGm;rIukd cyfodrf;aom

bk&m;½SifwdkY\omoemü oOyg'daoo yXredAÁmefBuD; ac:ownf;/

þuJhokdYaom ed,wo&P*kHukd&í yXredAÁmefolç yXredAÁmefom;tjzpfokdY a&mufjcif;iSg cE¨mç

tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;wdkYü tewåbm0emtvkyfukd tm;xkwfpJGNrJcJhMuukef&m\/

cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f[laompum;ü- rdrd rdrdwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mrSm½SdaeMuaom

yx0D"mwfç tmayg"mwfç awaZm"mwfç 0ga,m"mwfç tmumo"mwfç 0dnmP"mwfwnf;[laom 6-

yg;aom y"me "mwfBuD;wdkYü tedpövu©Pmukd ae&mwus xifjrifEdkifvQifyif tewåy&dnmudpö

NyD;pD;Edkifawmhonf/

tedpöondaem arCd, tewåonm oP²mwd/

«t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfç O'gef;ygVdawmf/»



teufum;/ / arCd,=arCd, &[ef;? tedpöondaem=tedpöonmxifjrifpJGNrJaomoltm;?

tewåonm=tewåonmonf? oP²mwd=tvdkvdkwnfvm\/

tewåbm0emtvkyfukd wriftm;xkwfzG,f r½Sd-qdkvdkonf? tewåonmxifjrifpJGNrJí

tewåy&dnmokdY a&mufvQifvnf; ed,wo&P*kHukd &avawmhonf? ed,wo&P*kHukd &vQifvnf;

ab;BuD; 3-yg;rStNyD;wdkif vGwfNidrf;avawmhonf/

xdkYaMumifh ,cktcg omoemawmfwGif;ü BuHKBudKufMu&ukefaom vlvl½Sif½Sif

ynm½Sdtaygif;olawmf aumif;wdkYonf tvGefw&m BuHKBudKufcJvSpGmaom omoemawmfjrwfü

BuHKBudKufMuonfhtcgrSm bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm omoemawmfukd ÓPfrsufpdryg o'¨gawGUrQomjzpfaom

ted,wo&P*kHudpöESifh tm;& wif;wdrfjcif;okdY ra&mufMuukefrlí enf;pGtqkH; 6-yg;aom

y"me"mwfBuD;wdkYü tedpövu©Pmukd aumif;pGm xifjrifjcif;wnf;[laom ÓPfrsufpdtvif;ygojzifh

bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm omoemukd o'¨gawGUç ynmawGU 2-rsKd;ygaom ed,w o&P*Hkukd

cdkvHIqnf;uyfjcif;iSg tm;xkwfMuukef&mownf;/

þt&mü o'¨gawGUç ynmawGU 2-yg;ukd tenf;i,fjyqdk&m\?

1/ Ak'¨bmom trsdK;t½dk;rSefol rdaumif; zaumif;wdkYjzpfMuukefaom 5-ESpft&G,fç 6-ESpft&G,fç 7-

ESpft&G,f oli,fwdkYtm; rdbwdkY\ wdkufwGef;rIESifh MunfvifpGmcH,ltyfaom o&P*Hkonf o'¨gy#dvmb

o&P*Hkrnf\/

xdkYtwl touft&G,fyifBuD;aomfvnf; cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f tewå"r®wdkYü

avhusufjcif;r½Sdrlí twkr½SdBuD;jrwfonf[laom usrf;awGU pmawGU q&morm; ajympum; a[mpum;ukd

Mum;bl;em;0 ½Sd½kHrQESifh tvGef,kHMunf av;jrwfpGmcH,líaeMuaom o&P*Hkonfvnf;

o'¨gy#dvmbo&P*Hkyifrnf\/

2/ cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f tewå"r®wdkYüavhusufjcif;ç qifjcifjcif;ç xifjrifjcif;½SdMuukef

aomolwdkY\o&P*Hkonfrlum;- Ak'¨ okAk'¨wmç "r® ok"r®wmç oHC okyÜ#dywådÓPf ynmpcef;okdY

a&mufonfjzpfí or®m'd|do&P*Hkrnf\/

xdkYaMumifh t|uxmBuD;wdkYü-

wH tw¬awm Ak'¨g'Dok wDok 0w¬Lok o'¨gy#dvmabm wrÁLvdump or®m'd|d-



[lírdefYqdkMuukef\/

#DumBuD;wdkYüvnf;-

(u) o'¨gy#dvmabmwd £rdem rmwm'D[d Oóm[dw 'g&um'DeH 0d, ÓP0dyÜ,kwåH o&P*reH

'aówd? or®m'd|Dwd £rdem ÓPorÜ,kwåH o&P*reH/

[lívnf;aumif;ç

(c) or®m'd|Dwd Ak'¨ okAk'¨wH "r® ok"r®wH oHC okyÜ#dywådOö avmud,m0aAm"0aoae0 or®mÓa,e

'óeawm/

[lívnf;aumif;ç rdefYqdkMuukef\/

xdkYaMumifh i,f&G,fpOftcgürlum;- cyfodrf;aomolwdkYonfyifvQif o'¨gy#dvmb ÓP0dyÜ,kwf

o&P*HkESifh wnfaxmifívmMu&ukef\? BuD;aomt&G,fokdYa&mufMuaomtcgürlum; i,f&G,fpOftcgu

twdkif;ESifhpdwfcsíaejcif;iSg roifh? Ak'¨ okAk'¨wmç "r® ok"r®wmç oHCokyÜ#dywåd

ÓPfrsufpdtvif;ESifh,SOfaom or®m'd|djy|mef;aom 'kwd,o&P*HkokdY a&mufEdkifMuatmif txl;

aMumifhMupkdufMuukef&mownf;/

«þum; ted,w tm*EÅKuo&P*Hkç edpöxm0& tydkif&aom ed,wo&P*Hk 2-yg;wdkY\ tvm;ukd

jyqdkaom pum;&yfwnf;/»


------------------------------



Oygoum Oygodum

ppfrSefaom tm;udk;&m udk;uG,f&mNzpfonfh &wem 3-yg;udk ,HkMunf qnf;uyfaom trsdK;om;udk

Oygoum? trsdK;orD;udk Oygodum [k ac:onf/

Oygoum = &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunf qnf;uyfol trsdK;om;/

Oygoum = &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunf qnf;uyfol trsdK;orD;/

aqmifyk'f

&wemoHk;&yf? NrJqnf;uyfrl? xdkonfhol? rSwf,l Oygoum/


------------------------------

oHo&m&JU aqGawmfrsdK;awmfrsm;NzpfMuwJh

usL;ypfnDtudktrrsm;

zwf½Irdaom "r®rdwfaqGrsm;

ppfrSefaom o&P*HkoHk;yg;udk vuf0,fydkufEdkifMuygapawmh&,fvdkU

qE´NyK&if; ]]NrefrmusL;ypfomoemhygv}} armifESrwpfpkrS

"r®'ge NyKvdkufygw,f . . .

av;pm;vsuf



usrf;udk;pm&if;

1/ omoema&;0efBuD;XmerSxkwfa0aom Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf

2/ omoema&;0efBuD;XmerSxkwfa0aom Ak'¨bmomvufpGJusrf;

3/ OD;oufpdef\ NrwfAk'¨\omoemhtaNccH

4/ csrf;aNrUq&mawmf\ taNcysdK; Ak'¨bmom

5/ awmifNrdKU*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfBuD;\ &wemh*kPf&nf

6/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ o&P*Hk0dedpä,usrf;opf

7/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ Owåryk&do 'DyeDusrf;

8/ v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ omoemh0daom"eDusrf;-yxrwGJ

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