အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၅) အမွတ္ (၁ဝ)

Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.1011111

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aysmfae&wJhaumif — ? ?

atmifcdkifjrifh atmifcdkifjrifh atmifcdkifjrifh atmifcdkifjrifh atmifcdkifjrifh

aumv[mvawGeJaumv[mvawGeJaumv[mvawGeJaumv[mvawGeJaumv[mvawGeJd k haysmfcsifwJhaumifaysmfcsifwJhaumifaysmfcsifwJhaumifaysmfcsifwJhaumifaysmfcsifwJhaumif ff ff f

15


eHeufcif; tdyf,mx

0ifa&mufvmwJh tawG;u

=um;ae=u iSufuav;awG toH

r=um;rdbl; ——

a[m'Du yJjykwf — qdkwJh toH

r=um;rdbl; ——

a=u;pnfoHESifh twl

qGrf;awmfAsdK@ qdkwJh aqmf=ooH

r=um;rdbl; ——

atmf —— 'g igh tdrf r[kwfbl; ?

*syefvJa&muf

tdrfvJ aysmufayg@

nvJ a&mufjyef tdrfudkjyefawmh

aemufwae@

pcJhjyefayg@ ——

'gu — ig@&J@ a0;&yfajru tdrfwJhvm; ?

a0;&yfajru tdrfa0;&yfajru tdrfa0;&yfajru tdrfa0;&yfajru tdrfa0;&yfajru tdrf

0i f;vJhar (acwW *syef)

16


udk,fusdK;=unfh t"dutm%m&SifawGrSmapwem arwWm qdwfokOf;txyfxyfajcmufuyfaewJh &efolyJvlawGudk wefbdk;rJhatmif vkyfypfvdkufw,fcspfjcif;arwWm t!Smwm pmemr_t!Gef@wHk;wJhbmwefbdk;rSr&SdwJhvlawGtjzpfeJ@ayg@pepfqdk;yHkoGif; xGif;xkjcif;cH&wJh vlawGudk,fwdkifubmwckrS wefbdk;r&SdwJh vltjzpfeJ@yJajymvJajymwwf vmw,f}uHpnfawG;awm vmw,fvkyfvJ vkyfwwf vmw,fpdwf"gwfawG ysufpD;oGm;ayg@ ?

tkyfpdk;zdESdyfol &efol&J@udk,f E_wf ESvHk; oHk;yg;pvHk;trkef;w&m;awG ydwfavSmifzHk;remvdk 0efwdk rpP&d,awG v$rf;zHk;jrifhjrwfpdwf"gwfawG aysmufqHk;vlaygif;rsm;pGm ---- rsm;pGmtarSmifzHk;aewJh acwf&J@ wqmcHawG jzpfoGm;azmufjyefwJh zdESdyfvlwef;pm; twdkif;jzpfoGm;tJ'DESvHk;om;awG jyefjyifbdk@pkwfcsm ElempGJaewJh b0awGudkajymif;vJypfzdk@aq;a=um c0gcszdk@wefbdk;wufatmifvkyfzdk@&mESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uko&vdrfhr,f ?

xl;wi fh atmufwdkb 18 / 2011(pma&;q&m uAsmq&m &kyf&Sif'g&dkufwm csdKwl;aZmf .a[majymyGJwGiftrSwfw& &Gwfqdkonfh uAsm ? Edk0ifbm 27 / 2011 )

,Ofaus;rSklvkyfom;rsm;odk h yef}um;csuf

vlr_pepfu t&kyfqdk;rSawmhvlwcsdK@&J@ pdwf"gwf

t&kyfqdk; tusnf;wef+yDayg@ ?

wdkif;jynfu rzGH@+zdK;rSawmhvlrsm;pk&J@ pdwf"gwf edrfhusr_awGuajcmufurBm;xJ txd wdk;vdk@ayg@ ?

pdwf"gwftif*sifeD,mtdk --- pma&;q&m uAsmq&mwdk@

yef;csD yef;yk &kyf&Sif *DwtEkokckr obif

tdk bJ h---- tEkynm&Sif taygif;wdk@olwdk@&J@ &ifxJu

tusnf;wefvSwJh tarSmifxk tnpfta=u;Ekwfodrf;vSJusif; aq;a=umay;=u

tvSqif,if tvif;pdwf"gwfwnfaqmufay;=u

pepfa[mif;udk zsufodrf;ygrSigwdk@udk,fwdkif tvif;awGjzpfrS

igwdk@ 0efwm }uD;av;pGxrf;udkxrf;rS jzpfr,fy ? ?

17


wcdsK@awGuoduQmw&m;udkto+ymeJ@vJw,f?

wcsdK@awGuawm@,Hk=unfrSKwckeJ@tem*wfawGudkvJw,f?

wcsdK@awGuvlrormrSef;odvsufeJ@olawmfaumif;eJ@vJw,f?

wcsdK@awGuawm@+idrf;csrf;a&;pum;vSvSawGeJ@vufeufeJ@vJw,f?

bmtwGufyJvJvJbmeJ@yJJvJvJudk,fa&;wJ@ordkif;uawm@bmeJ@rSvJ r&wJ@udk,f@ordkif;ppfppft+rJ +zpfaerSmyJ? ?

tvJtvS,f

oHvGi fc

18


tESpftpdwfudk wcgvnfwJhordkif;&xm; jyKwif;aygufuaxmufºuGum ig=unfhvdkufawmha'gif;uwJhjynfudkta=umif;vSpGmawG@cJ@&........?

yg;rSma'gif; cg;rSma'gif;acgif;rSma'gif; awmif;rSma'gif;=ucwfrSma'gif; Z&yfrSma'gif;avrSma'gif; a&rSma'gif;awmifay:a'gif; ajrjyef@a'gif;cGyfa'gif;awG avtaoG;rSmteDa&mifapG;apG;eJ@ uae=u......?

wdk@wdkif;jynf tm&k%fOD;udk}udKqdk&ifhusL;wJh 'tdk;a0' oHp=u0Vm wdkufwpfaomif;urdk;odrfhodrfhnH......?

xGef;+idrf; (abmufaxmfom;)

a'gif; 2012/

19


&efukef qdkawmhvnf; &ifckefwmaygh 'DjrKdhrSm 0dnmOfawG usaysmufoGm;w,f 'DjrKdhrSm rsuf&nfawG yifv,f jzpfoGm;w,f 'DjrKdhrSm trSefw&m; uckefcJhw,f 'DjrKdhrSm rdwfaqGawG &efoloGm;jzpfoGm;w,f 'DjrKdhrSm ig razmfjyEdkifcJhwmawG trsm;=uD; &dSw,f?

&efukef qdkawmhvnf; &ifckefwmaygh 'DjrKdhrSm om;&JwGif;awG &dSaeqJ 'DjrKdhrSm ajracG;awG aysmfaeqJ 'DjrKdhrSm tjyKH;awG&Jhatmuf tpG,fawGu jr aeqJ 'DjrKdhrSm wa,mufxJ vrf;xGufzdk@ a=umufaeqJ 'DjrKdhrSm igrodwJh ya[VdawG vrf;avSsmufaewkef; jzpfw,f?

&efukef qdkawmhvnf; &ifckefwmaygh rodjcif;awGudk &l;csifa,mifaqmifjcif;eJ@ aygif;pyfzdk@ &mZ0wfrSKawGudk rsufvkH;uef;eJh =unfhwwfzdk@ yk&GufqdwfwGif;xJu tvif;a&mifudk aexifzdk@igav 0domcg ausmif;tpfr=uD;&Jh EGm;b0rSm om,mrSKrsKd; &efukefrSm jyefr,lcsifawmhbl;?

&efukef qdkawmhvnf; &ifckefwmaygh

armi f=uD;jidrf;csrf;

20


umwGef;

21


umwGef;

udk,fhvl ol hbufom;udk,fhvl ol hbufom;udk,fhvl ol hbufom;udk,fhvl ol hbufom;udk,fhvl ol hbufom;

22


“ynma&;qkdwm {u&mZf=uD;jzpfzkd@/ w&m;ol=uD;jzpfzkd@ r[kwfyg?+ynfoljynfom;aumif; jzpfatmifavhusifhay;jcif;” ygwJh?

tawG;tac:ynm&Sif=uD;“&l;qkd;”(Rousseau) &JŒ ynma&;eJ@qk di fwJ h tqkdtrdef@yg?ol@tqkd[m ,ae@txd

rSefuefaeqJyg? ol@tqkdukd bmx&ef&yfqJvfu“vlqefwJh vlom;arG;xkwfjcif;” wJh?ynma&;&JŒ aemufqHk;&v'fu aumif;r_("rR)eJ@raumif;r_(t"rR) wkd@ukda0zef

qef;ppfekdifpGrf;&SdjyD; trSefw&m;ukd opPmcHwJh bufawmfom;jzpfvmum avmuaumif;usKd;pGrf;pGrf;wrH o,fykd;ekdifol jzpfvmjcif;ygyJ/ tJ'grS jynfolŒom;aumif; (good citizen) yg? ekdifiHom;aumif;/ jynfol@om;aumif; wpfa,muf+zpfvmzkd@twGuf jynfoljynfom;aumif; wpfa,muf&JŒtcGifhta&;/ wm0efeJ@0wW&m;/ av;pm;vkdufem&r,fh pnf;urf;awGu bmawGvJ?

tJ'gawGodatmif/ jyD;awmhav;pm;um vkdufemusifhoHk;atmif b,fvkdvkyfrSmvJ?jynfoljynfom;aumif;qkdwm wpfOD;wpfa,muftwGuf r[kwfyg? ekdifiHtwGif;&Sd ql=uHKedrfhjrifhekdifiHom;tm;vHk; twGufyg?

jynfoljynfom;aumif; wpfa,mufrSm &Sdoihf&S dxkdufwJh ek difiH=uD;om;pdwfxm;t&nftaoG;awGjynfh0rS tJ'DekdifiH[m jidrf;csrf;r_/ omm,mr_eJ@ jynfhpHkjyD; zHG@jzdK;wkd;wufr_ukdtifeJ@tm;eJ@ aqmif&GufekdifrSm? jynfolvlxkukd ekdifiHom;aumif;awG jzpfvmatmif tHkeJ@usif;eJ@tpkta0;eJ@ avhusifhay;ekdifwJhvkyfief;u ynma&;ygyJ?

ynma&;&JŒ vkyfief;awG/ arSsmfrSef;csufawGukd jynfhjynfh00 taumiftxnfazmfaewJhae&mawGuawmh ausmif;awGyg? rl=udK/ rlvwef;rSonf aumvdyf wuUokdvf trsKd;rsKd;txdyg?rsm;aomtm;jzifh vlawGu xif=uygw,f? ausmif;qkdwm “oif” wJhae&m/ txl;ojzifh “pmoif”

ausmif;awGrSm jynfol heDwd oif}um;a&;

a'gufwmarmi foi f;

23


wJhae&m/ wu,fwrf;rSm ausmif;qkdwm vlom;wpfOD;csif;ukd vlaumif;vlawmfjzpfatmifavhusifhay;/ jyifay;wJhae&mawGrkd@ usaemfwkd@ q&m=uD;awGu “vljyif” wJh ae&mygwJh?vlukdjyifw,fqkdwm &kyf0wKvkd &kdufESuf/ xkxuf wyfqifvkdufvkd@ jyD;wJhae&m r[kwfyg? t=udrf=udrftxyfxyfavhusifhay;rS &wJht&myg? b0 wpfavSsmufvHk; av;pm;vkdufemum txHkyg&rDvkdpJGjyD;usifhoHk;oGm;onfxd avhusifhay;wmyg?

jynfoljynfom;aumif;qkdwm rdrdvkdufem&r,fh usifh0wfukd odae&HkeJ@ rjyD;yg?av;pm;vkdufem usifh=uHr_ eJ@ jynfhpHkrSjzpfrSmyg? jynfoljynfom;aumif;wpfa,muftaeeJ@av;pm;vkdufem wefbkd;xm;usifhoHk;& r,fht&mrkd@ “jynfol@eDwd”(Civics) vdk@oHk;E_ef;wmyg?urBmhedkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;ynm&SifawGvufcHxm;wm u jynfol@eDwdeJ@ ausmif;qdkwm &kyfeJ@emrf(Body and Soul) vdkygyJ? cGJjcm;vdk@&aumif;wJht&mr[kwfygwJh? bmvdk@vJqdkawmh ausmif;qdkwmuav;awGudk xl;csGefxufjrufwJ@ jynfoljynfom;aumif;jzpfatmif avhusifhay;wJhae&m jzpfvdk@ygyJ?

'ga=umifhjynfol@eDwd[m ausmif;rSm rdom;pkrSm &yfuGuf/ aus;&Gm/ jrdKŒawGrSmbk&m;ausmif;rSm/ tvkyfcGiftoD;oD;rSm / ygwDawG/ vlr_tzGJŒtpnf;awGrSm/ tm;upm;toif;awG/ rD'D,mtrsdK;rsdK;awGeJ@ aemufqHk;a&G;aumufyGJawG/ a&G;aumufyGJ&JŒpnf;&Hk;&mrSm rdrd&JŒukefypPnf;a=umfjimtqHk; usifhoHk;vdkufem&r,fh t&myg? jynfol@eDwd[m wpfOD;csif;rSonf rdom;pk/rdom;pkrSonf ausmif;/ &yfuGuf/ tzGJŒtpnf;eSifhaemufqHk; rdrdedkifiHeJ@ ur Bmh&Gm=uD;tqifhxdusifhoHk;&r,fh todeJ@ tusifhyg?

u íefawmfwdk@i,fi,fwkef;u ausmif;awGrSmq&m=uD; OD;tkef;armif a&;om;wJh“jynfol@eDwd” udk rlvwef;rS tv,fwef;txd oif=um;cJh&ygw,f? eHeufausmif;pwufwJhtcsdefrSmoif&wmyg? r lvwef;r Sm “jynfol @e Dwd” (Civics) oufoufe J @ tv,fwef;r Sm“jynfol@eDwdeSifhusef;rmjcif;” (Civics and hygiene) qdkjyD; oif=um;&ygw,f?

q&m=uD;a&;wJ h rlvwef; jynfol@eDwdtxJrSm aygif;oif;a&;eSi f h ynma&;/pnf;urf;ao0yfa&;/ raumif;r_udk rjyKoifha=umif;/ tcsdefrSefjcif;/ vrf;Y,Ofaus;r_/udk,fcsif;pm/0wW&m;&Sdol/ ,Ofaus;r_/ rdbpum; em,ltyfjcif;/ wd&pm>efrsm;udk oem;jcif;/ ausmif;or0g,r/ouf=uD;ylaZmfyG J / i,fpOfu ynmoiftyfjcif;/ ausmif;wm0efcJ Ga0r_/ xrf;aqmifjcif;/aus;&Gmwm0efcGJa0xrf;aqmifa&;/ cE<mudk,f oef@&Sifa&;/ t0wfoef@&Sif;a&;/ usef;rma&;eSifhoef@&Sif;a&;/ ,Ofaus;r_eSifh oef@&Sif;a&;”²²²²²² ponfjzifh oif=um;cJh&ygw,f?

xdk@twl tv,fwef; jynfol@eDwdrSmawmh tydkif;eSpfydkif;&Sdygw,f? yxrydkif;rSm“tkyfcsKyfa&; tcef;”/ 'kwd,tydkif;rSm “usef;rmjcif;ynm”jzpfygw,f? yxrydkif;wGif“jynfol@tcGifhta&;eSifh jynfol@ 0wW&m;/ aus;&Gmom;eSifh ol=uD;0wW&m;/ q,ftdrfacgif;/ &Gmacgif;/aus;&GmaumfrwD/ jrdKŒ jytkyfcsKyfa&;/ jrLeDpDy,f/ jrdKŒaumfrwD aygif;oif;qufqHa&;vkyfief;rsm;ajzazsmfr_/ aysmfyGJ&$ifyGJrsm;/ ynm&SmrSD&mXmersm; ponfwdk@&Sdygonf? usef;rmjcif;tydkif;rSm“taqmuftOD; oef@&Sif;a&;/ oGm;udk*&kpdkuf&ef/ uGrf;pm;jcif; tjypfrsm; tdyfpuftem;,ljcif;/rD;zdkaqmif/ vrf;ab;aq;qdkif/ umv0rf;a&m*g/ avta=umif;/ yvdyfa&m*g/”ponfwdk@yg?awmfoavmuf aumif;jyD; pdwfa&mudk,fyg usef;rm=uHŒcdkifaom jynfoljynfom;aumif;wpfa,muf

24


ay:xGef;vma&;yg? uíefawmfwdk@ausmif;awGrSm jynfol@eDwdbmom&yfeSifha0;cJh wm=umygjyD?edkifiHwumrSm jynfol@eDwdudk ausmif;awGrSm oif=um;ay;wJh&nf&G,fcsufuawmh

tJ'DedkifiH&JŒ tem*wfrSm edkifiH=uD;om;awG ay:xGef;vmapzdk@yg? edkifiH=uD;om;pdwfxm; =uG,f0olawGtaeeJ@ ydkifqdkif &r,fht&mawGuawmh -

(u) todw&m;jrifhrm;apjci f;1? pm&dwW. wefzdk; (Oyrm &dk;om;r_/ av;pm;r_/ wm0efodr_/ tusifhpm&dwWcdkif+rJr_) udkod&Sdjcif;2? rdom;pkpdwf"gwf jrifhrm;r_wefzdk; (rdom;pktcsif;csif; jrwfedk;jcif;/ *&kpdkufjcif;/ rdom;pk.*k%foduQmudk av;pm;wefzdk;xm;jcif;) udk em;vnfjcif;?3? tzGJ@tpnf;pdwf"gwf (twef;wGif;/ ausmif;wGif;/ &yfuGufwGif; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifr_. wefzdk;udkod&Sdvmjcif;) udkoabmaygufjcif;?4? rdrdywf0ef;usif. av;pm;wefzd k;xm;jcif;udk od&S dvmjcif; (twef;/ ausmif;/ &yf&Gm*k%fwufatmif jyKrlaqmif&Gufvdkpdwf)5? &dk;&m"avh ,Ofaus;r_udk av;pm;&rnf[laom tod&Sdvmjcif;?6? trsdK;om;pHE_ef;eSifh ekdifiHom;aumif; wpfa,muf. t&nftaoGrsm;udk od&Sdfvmjcif;?

(c) jri fhrm;onfh pdwfoabmxm; &Sdjci f;1? rdrdudk,fudk ,Hk=unfr_ tjynf@&SdpGmjzifh wm0efudk xrf;aqmifedkifjcif;?2? wm0efodI wm0ef,laqmif&Gufvdkpdwf &SDjcif;?3? tcuftcJudk aemufrqkwfbJ &ifqdkifausmfv$m;edkifjcif;?4? olwpfyg;tm; &dkif;yif;ulnDvdkpdwf jynfh0jcif;?5? touf/ 0g/ ynm/ *k%f=uD;oludk &dkaoav;pm;onfh tavhtx&Sdjcif;?6? vltcsif;csif; b0aemufcHrwlr_eSifh p&dkufuGJjym;r_rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKjcif;?7? olwpfyg;atmifjrifatmif ulnDpGrf;aqmifay;vdkjcif;?8? uGJjym;aomvlrsdK;/ bmom/ ,Ofaus;r_/ "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;udk av;pm;wefzdk;xm;jcif;?9? &yf&GmtusdK;/ vlxktusdK;/ tzGJŒtpnf;aumif;usdK; o,fydk;vdkpdwf jyif;xefjcif;?10? vlrsdK;eJ@ wdkif;jynfudkcspfjyD; jynfol@eDwd jynfh0I wm0efodaom edkifiH=uD;om;. tjyKtrl tavhtusifhjzifh aexdkifjcif;wdk@ jzpfygonf?

wu,fwrf;rSm ausmi f;qkdwm vlom;wpfOD;csi f;ukd vlaumi f;vlawmfjzpfatmi f avhusifhay;/jyi fay;wJhae&mawGrkd@ usaemfwkd@ q&m=uD;awGu “vljyif” wJh ae&mygwJh? vlukdjyi fw,fqkdwm &kyf0wKvkd&kdufESuf/ xkxuf wyfqifvkdufvkd@ jyD;wJhae&m r[kwfyg? t=udrf=udrf txyfxyfavhusifhay;rS &wJht&myg?

b0 wpfavSsmufvHk; av;pm;vkdufemum txHkyg&rDvkdpJGjyD; usifhoHk;oGm;onfxd avhusi fhay;wmyg?jynfoljynfom;aumi f;qkdwm rdrdvkdufem&r,fh usifh0wfukd odae&HkeJ@ rjyD;yg? av;pm;vkdufem

usi fh=uHr_ eJ@ jynfhpHkrSjzpfrSmyg? jynfoljynfom;aumif;wpfa,muftaeeJ@ av;pm;vkdufemwefbkd;xm;usi fhoHk;& r,fht&mrkd@ “jynfol@eDwd”(Civics) vdk@oHk;E_ef;wmyg?

25


txufygtcsuftmvHk;udk jcKHvdkufvSsif ausmif;awGrSm jynfol@eDwd oif=um;&jcif;&JŒaemufqHk;&v'fu awmh.....(u) edkifiHoledkifiHom;aumif; (Good citizen) (c) vlawmfvlaumif; (Good person) (*)'Drdkua&pD tusifhudk av;pm;wefzdk;xm;ol (odk@) 'Drdkua&pD0g'Daumif; (Good democrat) awGay:xGef;vmjcif;wdk@ yJjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifhrdk@ ausmif;uxGufoGm;wJh vli,fwpfa,mufudkavhusifhay;vdkufwJh t&mtm; vHk;teuf &ifxJ/ OD;aeSmufxJ pGJusef&pfr,fh t"dut&muawmhjynfol@eDwdygyJ? qdkvdkwmu tJ'Dvli,f [m jynfol@eDwdudk av;pm;vdkufem usifhoHk;ol (Civic-

minded person) jzpfoGm;zdk@yg? ur Bmwpf0ef;u vl@tzGJ@tpnf;tm;vHk;&JŒ jidrf;csrf;om,mzGHŒ jzdK;wdk;wufr_udk tJ'DvdkvlawGuom aqmif&Guf=urSmrdk@yg?

uíefawmfwdk@&JŒ edkifiHawmfu csDwufoGm;aewJh vrfa=umif;u 'Drdkua&pDvrf;a=umif;yg?' Dr d kua&p D[m e d ki fi H =u D ;om;p dwfxm; =uG,f0wJ h jynfol jynfom;aumif ;awGe J Œr Satmifatmifjrifjrifusif hoH k;ed ki f rSm? 'g ha=umif h ed ki fiHwumausmif;awGrSm jynfol@eDwdoif=um;ay;wm[m “'Drd kua&pDtavhtusif h&atmif avhusif hay;wmygyJ / xd k @twl'Dr d kua&pDxGef;um;wJ he d ki fi HawGu ausmif;awGrSm jynfol@e Dwd oif =um;ay;wm[m“edkifiHa&;aumif;zdk@” ygwJh? jynfol@eDwd uHkvHkwJh edkifiHomawGaygygrS 'Drdkua&pD&JŒ“pH” / teSpfom&udktaumiftxnfazmfedkifrSm jzpfvdk@yg?

uav;i,fawG[m jynfol@eDwdoif=um;ay;r_uif;rJ hc J h&if }uD;ed ki fi,fnSOf;eJ@twWpdwfxm;=uD;ol/ pmempdwfrJ hol/ pnf;urf;rav;pm;ol/ wm0efrodwwfolawGtjzpf}uD;jyif;vmrSmyg? tJ'Dpdwfxm;[m 'Drdkua&pDvl@tzGJ@tpnf;rSm r&SdtyfwJh pdwfxm;eJ@ tusifhyg?tJ'DolawGvufxJ 'Drdkua&pDa&mufoGm;vdk@ uawmh 0&kef;okef;um; 'Drdkua&pDyJjzpfygvdrfhr,f?

uíefawmfwdk@arSsmfrSef;wmu “pHjynfh 'Drdkua&pD vl@abmif”yg? tJ'Dvdkjzpfzdk@uawmhjynfoljynfom;aumif;/ vlawmf/ vlaumif;eJ@ 'Drdkua&pD 0g'Daumif; awG avhusifhay;edkifpGrf; &SdwJh“jynfol@eDwd” bmom&yfudkausmif;awGrSm (txl;ojzifh rlvwef;eJ@ tv,fwef;ausmif;tqifh)rjzpfrae oif=um;ay;zdk@ vdkwJhtcsdefyg? 'grSjrefrmwdk@&JŒ “pHjynfh 'Drdkua&pD edkifiHqDodk@ csDwufyGJ”rSm ql;anSmifh cvkyf uefoif; uif;uif;eJ@ at;csrf;om,mpGm csDwufedkifrSmyg?

a'gufwmarmi foi f;jynfol@acwf*sme,f twGJ1/ trSwf 45

uav;i,fawG[m jynfol@eDwdoif=um;ay;r_uif;rJhcJh&i f =uD;edki fi,fnSOf;eJ@ twWpdwfxm;=uD;ol/pmempdwfrJhol/ pnf;urf;rav;pm;ol/ wm0efrodwwfolawGtjzpf =uD;jyif;vmrSmyg?

tJ'Dpdwfxm;[m 'Drdkua&pDvl@tzGJ@tpnf;rSm r&SdtyfwJh pdwfxm;eJ@ tusi fhyg?tJ'DolawGvufxJ 'Drdkua&pDa&mufoGm;vdk@ uawmh

0&kef;okef;um; 'Drdkua&pDyJjzpfygvdrfhr,f?

26


av;av;tdk (O\majrrS) zcif}uD;a&;om;jyKpkxm;aom a0g[m& / ayg&m%ESifho'Ng aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyfrSaeI vpOf jrefrmrsm; jrefrmpmudk od=u/ wdus/ rSefuefpGm ajymqdka&;om;Edkifapa&;twGuf ESifh EdkifiH&yfjcm;a&muf (odk@r[kwf) EdkifiH&yfjcm;wGif arG;zGm;=uolrsm;ESifhjrefrmpmudk avhvmvdkufpm;vdkolrsm;twGuf vpOfa&;om;az: jyay;oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f?

,ckyxrqHk;taeeJ@ XmemXmeaumov †Om%f / ol@ae&mESifhol wdusrSefuefpGma&;om;ajymqdk Edkifapa&;twGufudk wifjyvdkufygawmhonf?

XmemXmeaumov Om%fq&mtdkonf jrefrmhpmayavmuodk@ wdk;0ifI =unfhaomtcg odp&m/ rSwfp&m/

a&Smifp&m/ aqmifp&mawGrsm;vSygbd[k awG;rdygonf? igbmr# rodao;yguvm;[k rdrdudk,frdrdtuJjzwfrdygonf? odk@aomfodk@aomf wwfor# rSwfor#ESifhyif ynm'ge jyKvdkuf&ygonf? XmemESifh XmerSm t"dy`g,f twlwljzpfonf? teufrSm t&yfa'ojzpfonf? aumov†rSmodonfwwfonf/uírf;usifvdrRmonf[k t"dy`g,f&dSonf? Xmem Xmeaumov †Om%f onfol@ae&mESifhol xHk;rSDpHus tH0ifcGifus oHk;E_ef;wwfaom todOm%f[k qdkcsifygonf? pma&;ol yJcl;+rdK@ t-x-u (5) wGiftxufwef;jyq&mvkyfcJhpOfu wynfhrsm;tm;ok'<ESifhum&dkufta=umif;udk oif=um;ay;cJhzl;ygonf? wynfhwpfOD;tm; pkwfatmif b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ[k ar;&m wynfhru +zJ&ygrnf[k ajzvdkuf&m wpfcef;vHk; tkef;tkef;uíufuíuf jzpfoGm;ygonf?

'Duae h ArmawG Armpma}u }uovm;

O\mq&mtdk

27


tajzrSefrSm pkwfatmif qkwf&ygrnf?+yJapcsif&ifawmh +zJ&ygvdrfhrnf? usatmifvkyfonfudk csonf/ usJatmifvkyfonfudk csJonf/ uGJatmifvkyfonfudk cGJonf/yJhatmifvkyfonfudk zJhonf/ ydk@atmifvkyfonfudkzdk@onf/ Edkifatmifvkyfonfudk Edkifonf/ysufatmifvkyfonfudkzsufonf ponfwdk@um; ok'<ESifhum&dkufwdk@. erlemtcsdK@wnf; ? jrefrmha0g[m&rsm;onf ol@ae&mESifhol trnfajymif;vJwwf=uygonf?Oyrmaumif;uifwGif ay:onfhoufwH(0g) oufwif;rsm;udk taemuft&yfY axmifvdkufay:v#if (pdk@) /ta&S@t&yfY av;udkif;oEWefay:v#if (oufwH) / ta&S@rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;rS taemufrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;xdta&S@taemuf wef;Iay:v#if (}udwf) [k ac:=uonf? Zwfrif;om; rif;orD; uGef;axmufem;ae&mwGif qdkaomoDcsif;udk (cGef;axmuf)/pcef;cs&mrS c&D;xGufawmhrnfh tcgqdkaomoDcsif;udk (+rdKifx)/ csdefcGifjzifh csdefI a&mif;&aomukefudk(csdwfukef)/ awmif;wif;pojzifh jcifwG,fI a&mif;&aomukefudk (wdkufukef)/ OHKcHI&Gwf&aompmrsm;udk (*gxm)/ a=omif;cHI &Gwf&aompmrsm;udk (rEWef)? xGef,ufpdkufysdK;csdefwGif &Gmaomrdk;udk(vkyfrdk;)/ pyg;rsm; a&atmif;ap&ef &Gmaomrdk;udk (pm;rdk;)/ rcsufrjyKwfyJpm;&aomtpmrsm;udkxGufpm/ csufjyKwfIpm;&aom tpmrsm;udk eyfpm/ um,pGrf;&nfudk (owWd)/ Om%pGrf;&nfudk(AswWd) ponfjzifh uJGjym;atmif cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;onfrsm;udk ol@ae&mESifhol xHk;rSDpHusoHk;pGJwwfoludk XmemXme aumov†Om%f tjrifoefol[k pmrSwfjyK=uygonf? jrefrmpmaywGif av;vHk;wGJpum;rsm; tajrmuftrsm;&Sdygonf? Oyrmjy&aomf(ulaz:avmifzuf) t"dyg,frwlaomtwGJ/(ylaz:avmifzuf)/ t"dyg,fwlaomtwJG/ (ql}uHKedrfhjrifh)rwlaomtwGJ/ (jzLjzLazG;azG;)wlaomtwGJ/wdk@jzpf=uayonf? xdk@enf;wl(ydefydefyg;yg;) 00wkwfwkwf/jzLjzLv$v$/ &Snf&Snfarsmarsm/ cdkifcdkifcHhcHh wdk@onf wlaomtwGJrsm; jzpf=uygonf? iGm;iGm;pGifhpGifh/ rm;rm;jrifhjrifh/ =uGm;=uGm;0ifh0ifh/ [laom av;vHk;wGJ oHk;ckwGif iGm;ESifhpGifh/rm;ESifhjrifh / =uGm;ESifh0ifhwdk@onf toHtm;jzifh rwl=uaomfvnf; teuftm;jzifh wl=uayonf ?Tav;vHk;wGJoHk;ckonf jrefrmpmaywGif tom;us+yD;om;jzpfaeI a&S;ynm&Sdrsm;vnf; vufcHusifhoHk;cJh=uonf? vuf&Sdynm&Sif}uD;rsm;vnf; a[mif;yifa[mif;aomfvnf; aumif;aeonfhtwGufqufvufoHk;pGJcJh=uayonf? iGm;iGm;jrifhjrifh/ iGm;iGm;0Hh0Hh/ rm;rm;0ifh0ifh/ rm;rm;pGifhpGifh/=uGm;=uGm;pGifhpGifh=uGm;=uGm;jrifhjrifh [lI twGJajymif;+yD; roHk;pGJrdap&ef tvGefowdxm;&ayvdrfhrnf? jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;onf pum;ajym&mwGifvnf;aumif; pma&;&mwGifvnf;aumif;tvGefy&d,m,f=uG,f0=uonf? &mZ0ifq&m}uD; olaX;om; OD;ukvm;udk ordkif;okawoDwdk@ucsD;=uL;*k%fjyK=uonf? tb,fha=umifh[lrl olykefwpfrsdK;wnf;udk ykefuefonf/ aomif;usef;onf/awmfvSefonf/ jcm;em;onf/ rusdK;rEGH&Sdonf/ tcpm;ysufuGufonf/ ponfjzifh oHk;pGJa&;om;xm;

jrefrmha0g[m&rsm;onf ol@ae&mESifhol trnfajymi f;vJwwf=uygonf?Oyrm aumif;uifwGi fay:onfhoufwH(0g) oufwi f;rsm;udk taemuft&yfY axmifvdkufay:v#i f (pdk@) / ta&S@t&yfY

av;udki f;oEWefay:v#i f (oufwH) / ta&S@rdk;ukyfpuf0dki f;rS taemufrdk;ukyfpuf0dki f;xd ta&S@taemufwef;Iay:v#i f (}udwf) [k ac: =uonf?

28


aoma=umifh jzpfayonf? rdk;ay:u (v) wpfrsdK;wnf;udkyif uÁEN/ ykÀdENK/ pENm/ pENdrm/ euQwW&mZm/ oDw*l/ 0jENuef/,HkwHqdyf/ pufaiG0ef;/ pef;/aomfwm/ ,k*efeef;/ ,kefpef;/ eef;aiG,kef/ a&$vrif;/ aiGpaENmf/ pef;aomfwm/aiGaomfwm/ ,kefaiGpef;/ ykÀrDpef;pef;/ ykÀrD/aiG,kefrif;/ aiGvpef; ponfjzifh =uG,f=uG,f00oHk;pJG=uavonf? 'l;ae&m'l;/ awmfae&mawmfqdkaom nDvmcHa0g[m&uJhodk@ t&mXmeudkvdkufI oHk;pGJaompum;rsm;vnf;&Sdao;onf? q&mtdk}uD; xrif;pm;onf/ rif;wkef;rif;}uD; yGJawmfwnfonf/omoemydkifq&mawmf}uD; qGrf;bkef;ay;onfwdk@um; t&dk;wnf;? XmemXmeaumov †Om%f&Ifhoefapzdk@&m pOfqufrjywfzwf/ pOfqufrjywfrSwf/pOfqufrjywfa&; [laom 'dk@ta&;oHk;yg;udk OD;xdyfxm;=uygpdk@ ?

O\mq&mtdk

(jrefrmwdkif;pf twGJ(2) trSwf(61) wGif az: jy+yD;?

jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;onf pum;ajym&mwGifvnf;aumi f; pma&;&mwGi fvnf;aumi f;tvGefy&d,m,f=uG,f0=uonf? &mZ0ifq&m}uD; olaX;om; OD;ukvm;udk ordki f;okawoDwdk@u

csD;=uL;*k%fjyK=uonf? tb,fha=umifh[lrl olykefwpfrsdK;wnf;udk ykefuefonf/ aomif;usef;onf/awmfvSefonf/ jcm;em;onf/ rusdK;rEGH&Sdonf/ tcpm;ysufuGufonf/ ponfjzifh oHk;pGJa&;om;xm;

aoma=umi fh jzpfayonf?

29


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t&if;ppfawmhpepfwpfckvHk;jyif&rSm

vlxkpdef0i f;

30


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31


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vlxkpdef0i f;

(True new journel 26.2.2012 rS&,laz: jyygonf?)

32


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33


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q&mr}uD;apmuvnf; q&mr}uD;apm ygyJav? ausmif;uav;udkjrifwmeJ@ tm;vHkudkarhtarmajy? orwavmif;wdk@udkjrifwmeJ@ aysmf&$if=unfEl;auseyf? q&mr}uD;apm&J@b0 aeaysmf/jynfhpHkowJh²²²²²²? 'DESpfausmif;zGifhcsdefqdk ydkvdk@awmifaeaysmf/ pdwfaysmfovdkyJ? "ausmif;ae&G,fuav;ausmif;aea&;/ rdbjynfol 0dkif;ulay;" qdkwJh aqmifyk'feJ@twl/ ausmif0ifa=u;r&Sdap&/ pmtkyfzdk;rukefap&/ rnfhonfhtca=u;aiGrS ayp&mrvdkwJh ynma&;pepfudk taumiftxnfaz:rwJh²²²²²?aumif;vdkufoav²²²²?

q&mr}uD;apm ausmif;uav;&J@ vufvkyfvufpm; ywf0ef;usifu ydkufqHrwwfEdkifr_ESifhausmif;raeEdkif&SmwJh/ ausmif;xGuf&&SmwJh orwavmif;av;awG q&mr}uD;apmausmif;rSmtrsm}uD; wdk;yGm;vm=uOD;rSmaygh? taotcsmaygh? ²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²

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"q&mr ndKa&"ab;em;rSm bk&;yef;tdk;xdk;aewJh 00q&mr}uD;vJ q&mr}uD;apm&J@ ta=umudk

aemausaeatmif od&Smygw,f?"nnf;orwavmif; q,fa,mufudpPvm;/ usKyfrcifoef;ud k v$wfvdkuf+yD?

tJ'D[mawG&J@vdyfpmeJ@/ p&dwfvJay;vdkufw,f? aocsmvJar;cJhvdk@ rSmvdkufw,f"?"at;aumif;w,f/ 'gjzifh rcifoef; 'Dreuf ausmif;aps;ra&mif;&bl;vm;"²²?

34


"a&mif;w,fav ²²² ?a&mif;+yD;rSoGm;wmaygh ? usKyfvJ²²² ol@tjrwfawmh rpdkufEdkifbl;at/p&dwfpdkuf&ifawmfawmh ²²²" ? i,foli,fcsif;vdkjzpfaewJh pdwfwludk,fwl q&mrndKudk q&mr}uD;apm&,farm &jyefw,f?

"'Dwcg²²²² bk&m;yef;zdk;awmh ,lygat/ igay;yghr,f²²"?"trav; awmfygat²²? 'Dukodkvfav;awmh ,lyg&ap/ usKyfwdk@r,f/ wjcm;ukodkvf

}uD;}uD;rm;rm;/ cJcJzwfzwfvJ rvkyfEdkifbl;²²²²²" ?"nnf;²²²² [dkae@updkufxm;wJh rD;acsmif;zdk;awmh,l²²²²² ? ighorD;uv_r,fwJh ²²²²²" ?"at;²²²²² +yD;a&m ? vm²²² bk&m;yef;uyfvSnfhawmh²²²²""nnf;²²uyfvdkufyg²²²/ +yD;awmhrS iguyfr,f²²²" ?opPmyef; t0gawG a0aewJh bk&m;yef;tdk;av;udk udkifajrSmufuyfv_&if; q&mrndK&J@

rsufvHk;awG bk&m;tm&HkjyKzdk@ rSdwfrvdk&Sdao; ?"q&mr}uD;²²²² q&mr}uD; ²²²usGefrjyefvm+yD"? a[m²²²² pGmavmifpGmavmif toHeJ@

rcifoef;wa,muf ysmavmifysmavmifeJ@ &Hk;cef;xJ 0ifvmyg+yD?"rcifoef;²²²² jrefom;yJ²²²"?"[kwf² ² ² q&mr}uD ; ² ² ² ² tJ' Dbufy d ki f ;oGm;wJ h us Ge frwd k @t&y fxJu

aumif;av;wpfa,muf qdkifu,faemufu vdkufoGm;vdkufwm²²²² ?trav;²²² q&mr}uD;&,f²²²tJ'Dtcef;wGJawGudk =um;om=um;zl;wm/ ra&mufzl;bl; ? q&mr}uD;uvJ wpfrdom;pk/wpfcef;r[kwfzl;? wpfcef;udk ig;tdrfaxmifpk/ ajcmuftdrfaxmifpk aygif;ae=uwm? xrif;[if;vnf;csufpm;vdk@ r&bl;? tdyf&HkyJwJh²²²² ? ae@csif;&Sif; wpfnav;&mwJh q&mr}uD;&J@ ²²²[dk'if;²²²² "?

"usGefrodygw,f tJ'gawG ²²² ? 'DvdkyJ ae=u&wmaygh ? &Sifu tdrfydkif,mydkifeJ@qdkawmhajymtm;&Sdwmaygh²² ? &Sifhq&mr}uD; usGefrawmif aep&mr&Sdao;bl; ? yifpifu ajcmufESpfyJvdkawmhw,f? uJyg b,folawGawG@vJ ajymygOD;" ?

"[dk'if;²²² uav;awGyJ awG@w,f q&mr}uD;/ vl}uD;awGu tvkyfoGm;w,fwJh?wpfa,mufrS rawG@bl; ? tJ rsufpduG,faewJh tzGm;}uD;wpfa,mufawmh awG@w,f²²²² ? [dk'if;avq&mr a':ndKndKtwef;u²²² / +zD;wD;/ +zD;wD;eJ@ aumifav;&J@ tzGm;wJh²²²²" ?

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"[kwfw,f² ² / [kwfw,f? ol @taru tvky foGm;w,fwJ h ? tJ' g ² ² ² ²olwdk@ajr;zGm;ESpfa,mufudk ajymcJhw,f? q&mr a':ndKndK rSmwmawG usGefrajymcJhw,f? ausmif;tjrefvmtyfygvdk@ ²²²²²? ausmif;ajymif; r,fqdkvJ ausmif;xGufvufrSwf vm,lygvdk@ ²²²²"?

"ta&;}uD;wma&m ajymc J h& J @vm;? ausmi f ;tyf&i f ' DE Sp f y d kufqHwjym;r Srukefawmhbl;qdkwm²²²²" ?

"ajymcJhw,f q&mr}uD; ? ajymcJhw,f? tukefajymcJhw,f²²²²"?"[kwf+yD? [kwf+yD ²²²²²? aus;Zl;ygyJ rcifoef;&,f ²²²²oGm;ay;awmh""[kwf²²²²q&mr}uD; ²² [kwf²²²²"

35


pGef@xm;wJh bk&m;yef;tEGrf;/ trd_ufawGudk ajcjrefvufjref aumufodrf;,l+yD;ysmavmifysmavmifxGufoGm;wJh rcifoef;aemufausmudk bm&,fr[kwf ai;=unfh&if;q&mr}uD;apmu oufjyifwpfcsufudk csvd kufwkef;rSmyJ/ q&mrndKuvJ ol@rlyd ki ftoHcyfus,fus,f}uD;eJ@yJ²²²² ?"y d ku fqHray;&bl; qd kv d k @uawmh nnf;orwavmif ;awG / ' Dae@ reuf jze fausmif;vmtyf=urSmygat" ? ²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²"r*Fvmyg q&mr}uD;"a[m²²²² vmukef=uyg+yD ²²²² ? [dkrsufESmcsdK aumifav; *sdK;Zufu avomjyKwif;udk tukefzGifh +yHK;&if;&Hk;cef;ayguf0rSm vufuav;ydkufvdk@ ²²²²² ? eH@omjzLeH@ axmif;axmifxaewJh oeyfcg;awGuvJazG;vdk@ ²² ? tdwfaxmifbwfvyfeJ@ ausmif;0wfpHkav;uawmh EGrf;&Smw,f ²²²²² ?

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tzGm;tdkwpfa,mufudk wGJvdk@ ²²²²? a[mawmf²²² ? tJ'DaemufrSmawmh ²²q&mr}uD;apm&J@(ESpfwef;eJ@oHk;wef;wufrJ@) wynfhausmfESpfaumif *sdK;Zuf tudkESpfa,muf[m uwHk;pdrf;av;awGeJ@udk&ifESpfyg;toGif ajymif;vdk@²²²² ?

"vm ²²²vm ²²²vm=u "?"[kwf²²""xdkif²²² xdkif²²² ? tzGm;udk 'DrSmxdkifcdkif;vdkuf ²²²" ?"usGefrtaru / rsufpdrjrifygbl; q&mr}uD;²²²" ?"[kwfvm;²²² rae@u rcifoef;uawmh ajymom; ? usGefrrae@u v$wfvdkufwmav²²²?

ausmif;tyfzdk@ aemufusaevdk@ ²²? t}uD;ESpfa,muf udk&ifrxGuf&ao;vdk@eJ@wlw,f [kwfvm;²²²²²"&Hk;cef;ayguf0rSm ol@q&mr a':ndKndK rsufESmjzwfqdk ay:vmawmh²²² rsufESmcsdKaumifav;

armif*sdK;Zufu "r*Fvmyg q&mr" vdk@ tm&yg;& atmf+yD;ajy;xGufoGm;w,f?uav;awGtaru oufjyifwcsufudkcsw,f²²²?"usGefrwdk@²²² ausmif;vmtyfwm r[kwfygbl;²² q&mr}uD;²²²²""atmf ²²² 'gjzifh²²² ausmif;ajymif;vufrSwf xkwfzdk@ayg@²² ? tdrfajymif;rvdk@vm;²²²²" ?"[dk²²²²" ?"usGe frem;vnfygw,f? ' Dvd ky Jayg h ² ² ² ² ? ausmi f ;a jymi f ;vufr Swfav;awG

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" [if²²²²" ?q&mr}uD;apmwa,muf uav;awGtarudk em;rvnfovdk=unfhw,f²²²² ?

36


udk&ifav;ESpfyg;u acgif;av;awGiHk@vdk@ ²²²² ?"usGefr²²²² olwdk@udk ausmif;rxm;Edkifawmhbl; q&mr}uD;²²² ? uav;awGtazuvJ

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rukefawmhzl;av²²²? bmrS rukefawmhbl;av²²²" ?"q&mr}uD;udk²² tm;emvdk@ vm&Sif;jywmyg ? }uHK&musbrf; usGefrvkyfpmeJ@

yg;pyfig;ayguf0atmif rpm;Edkifbl; q&mr}uD;&J@ ²²²²tJ'ga}umifh ²²²²'Dt}uD; ESpfa,mufudk wpfcgwnf;t+yD;udk udk&if0wfay;vdkuf+yD²²²² ? bkef;}uD;uvJ pmoifay;r,fwJh²²² "?

a&yufr0ifajymwwfwJh q&mr}uD;apm wpfa,muf qGH@tvdk@ oGm;cJ h +yD ²²²?udk&ifav;ESpfyg;u rsufESmi,fav;awGeJ@ olwdk@q&mr}uD;udk }unfhaew,fav²²²?

"ti,fav;usawmhvJ usGefrtvkyfoGm;&if ol@zGm;atudk =unfhzdk@xm;chJ&rSm²²²²" ?"r*Fvmyg q&mrawG" r d k ;r $e fatmif vd kufE _wfquf&if ; bmrSrod& Smol

rsufESmcsdKaumifav;uawmh &Hk;cef;xJudk jyefajy;0ifvmcJh+yD²²²² ?"usGefrwdk@oGm;awmhr,f²²² q&mr}uD;²² / x udk&ifwdk@" ?

q&mr}uD;apmwpfa,muf rwfwyf x&yfrd&if; "*sdK;Zuf"vdk@ ac:rdw,f? aumifi,fav;u "Asm"wJh²² ?

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nd_;usvdk@ ? aumifi,fav;&J@ avomjyKwif;ayguf yg;pyfav;vJ ydwfcJh+yD ²²²? oGm;awmhuG,f²²²² ?tdk;²²²² rdk;oufav;u jzef;ueJ &dkufcsvdkufawmh pdefyef;awG&JueJ a=uG=ujyef+yD²²² ?

"q&mr}uD;udk E_wfqufvdkufOD;av "?"r*Fvmyg q&mr}uD;²²²²²²²²" usdK;a=uaewJh toHwkefav;ay:udk ausmif;cef;qDu

nDnmzszsatmfvdkufwJh toHawGu zHk;tkyfoGm;cJhw,f? r*Fvmyg ²²²² wJh²²²²² ?rdk;oufava=umifh ayyJvm;²²²? 'Dwpfcg r*Fvmyg[m q&mr}uD;apmem;xJrSm²²²² uGJtuf/a=urGcg;oD;vdk@ aeovdkygyJ ²²²²² ?

EkEk&nfti f;02011 ckESpf Zlvdki fvjALwDr*~Zi f;

37


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44


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45


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46


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47


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tJ'Dawmh EkdifiHa&;ygwDqkdwmvnf; yHko¾mefwpfck&S dr,f? tJ'Dawmh EkdifiHa&;

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50


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51


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4? tar&dueftpdk;& EdkifiHjcm;0ef=uD; [Dvm&Duvifwef Hillary Clinton vma&mufjyD;/orRwOD;odef;pdef/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ESihf &if;ESD;pGmawG@qHkjcif;/ t*Fvdyf/jyifopf/*syef/ w&kyf/tdENd, .....ponhf EdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm; vma&muf=ujcif;5? NLD ygwDtm; w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifcGihfay;vdkufjcif;6? wESpft=umwGif =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ 48ae&mudk 01 April-2012 atmifjrifpGmusif;yjyD;cJhjyD;/a':atmifqef;pk=unf. NLD ygwDonf orwOD;odef;pdef&Jh =uHzGH@ygwDudk aejynfawmf (4)ae&mtyg0if 45ae&mwGif jydKifcJh&m 43 ae&m (tm;vHk;eD;yg;) rSm tjywftowftEdkif&&SdoGm;cJhjcif;7? tar&dueftpdk;&txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f Derek Mitchell txufv$wfawmftrwf *Gsefrufudef;²²ponfwdk@ tv,fvma&mufjcif;/ EdkifiHwum a&G;aumufyGJavhvma&;zdwf=um;&ef wdkufwGef;cJhonf?

tar&dueftpdk;&rS NDI’s Peter Manikas and IRI’s Johanna Kao ESpfOD; tzGJ@udka&G;cs,fydk@ay;cJhonf? CNN ESihf tar&duefowif;axmufrsm;pGm ygvmcJhonf?

pifumyltpdk;&rSvnf; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f2OD; MPs˜ Mr Hri Kumar Nair and

Mr David Ong tzG J @E Si h ftwl Channel News Asia CNA owif;XmetzG J @rsm;vma&mufavhvmcJh=uonf?

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a':atmi fqef;pk=unf.a=unmcsuf(udkk;-&efukef (rZPsdr) )? ? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm; &v'faumif;rsm;

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54


trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyftrSwf (97-c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;A[ef;+rdKŒe,f/ &efukef+rdKŒ&ufpGJ ? ? {+yDv 1 &uf/ 2012

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tar&duefESihfpuFmyl2007 oHCmta&;cif;wGif urBmu jrefrmppftpdk;&. oHCmrsm;udkyif t=urf;zuf/

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pifumylonf jrdKEdkifiHav;jzpfaomfvnf; jrefrm wwfodynm&Sifrsm;pGmudk vufcHonhf

55


(02-April-2010)

armi fomref

tjyif/ tvkyform;tqihf trsdK;om;/trsdK;orD; vli,frsm;pGmvnf; pifumylwGif tvkyfvkyfudkif/aexdkif/ ynmoif/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkif=uonf? xdk@a=umihf pifumyl&Sd rSef;ajc jrefrm 2odef;cef@onfvnf;jrefrmjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;wGif ta&;ygvmrnfjzpfonf?

jrefrmorRwOD;odef;pdefonf pifumylacgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf txl;&if;ESD;aoma=umihfpifumylrS vlom;t&if;jrpf ynm&yfrsm;twGuf tulnD&,lrnfjzpfonf?tar&dum;ESihfpifumylwdk@ jrefrmjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;wGif ta&;ygaomfvnf; txl;ojzihf jrefrmrsm;ynma&;twGufomxdk2EdkifiHudk tm;xm;&rnfjzpfonf?

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jrefrmtpdk;&tay:,Hk=unfr_ &Sdvm&efvdkonf? odk@rS olwdk@ vma&muf&if;ESD;jrKwfESHrnfjzpfonf?xdk EdkifiHwum,Hk=unfr_&&Sda&;twGuf ,ck =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJonf rSwfwdkif=uD;

wckjzpfygonf?aemufydkif;wGif jrefrmjynftpdk;&pdwftpdk;&jynfolv$wfawmftopfwGif a':atmifqef;

pk=unf. 43 OD; NLD twdkuftcHonf pkpkaygif; 664 OD;. 8 &mE_ef;rSsomjzpfaomfvnf;wdkif;jynfjyefvnf wnfaqmufa&;ESihf NLD a&G;aumufyGJrl3csuf (1) w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/ (2)jynfwGif;jidrf;csrf;a&;/ (vufeufudkifwdkif;&if;om;ta&;) ESihf (3) tajccHOya'jyifqifa&; wdk@wGifrnfodk@/ ylaygif;aqmif&Gufrnfudk apmihfarSsmf=unhf&_&efjzpfygonf?

(rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

56


(1)tJ'Dae@ 13 &ufae@ nydkif;eJ@ aemuf&uf 14 &ufae@awGu tajctaeawGudkvnf;

udkausmfxifu tckvdk ajymjyxm;ygao;w,f?“=urf;jyifay:rSm =u,fyHkav;wyHku &Sd+yD;om;As? tJ'Dtay:rSm usaemfwdk@ =u,fyHk

tkwf*lav;wck usaemfwdk@ vkyfvdkuf=uw,f? vkyfvdkuf=uawmh usaemfwdk@rSm bmwckusefcJhovJqdkawmh udkzkef;armf&JŒ wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkifayghAsm?

tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u udkzkef;armf&JŒ 'D u,frDu,f wHqdyfygwJh ÏmewHqdyfygwJh tuôsav;0wfxm;w,fAs? =unfhvdkufawmh tJ'Dtuôsav;rSm aoG;awGpGef;oGm;wmudk;? tJ'D udkzkef;armf&JŒ 'Du,frDu,fÏme wHqdyfyg wD&Syfav;udk usaemfwdk@ ,lcif;vdkufEkdifw,f? tJ'D[mudk tkwf*lav;xJrSmusaemfwdk@ xnfhxm;EkdifwmayghAsm?

reufydkif;usawmh ausmif;om;awG ajy;v$m;+yD; usefcJhwJh zdeyfawG usaemhfzdeyfygygao;w,f/ jrrmvm tJ'grsKd;awGudkaygh? tm;vHk;udk usaemfwdk@ pk+yD;awmhrS tkwf*lxJrSm xnfhw,f?aemuf usaemfwdk@udk ypfxm;wJh rsuf&nf,dk AHk;tcGHwdk@ 0ifb,fvfwef 12 vkH;Akd@ usnftcGHwdk@udkaumuf+yD; tkwf*ltay:rSm wifxm;=uw,f?

tJ'DntcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@ yef;acGawG vkyfw,f? tJ'Dae@ 14 &uf reuftapm}uD;tcsdef5 em&D avmuf&Sd+yD? usaemfwdk@ opPmqdk=uwmayghAsm? tJ'D tkwf*lta&SŒrSmyJ? 14 &uf reufrSmusaemfwdk@ yef;acGawG udkif+yD;awmh +idrf;csrf;pGm pDwef;vSnfhvnf qENjy=uwmaygh”

pufr_wuUodkvf ausmif;om;awGu tJ'Dvdk +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjywJhtcsdefrSm vHkxdef;eJ@ppfwyfawGu ausmif;0if;udk tjyifuae ydwfqdk@0ef;&Hxm;w,fvdk@ udkausmfxifu ajymygw,f?udkzkef;armf usqHk;cJhovdk vHkxdef;eJ@ ppfwyfawGu tJ'Dvdk pufr_wuUodkvf ausmif;0if;udk0ef;&Hydwfqdk@xm;w,f qdkwJhowif;[m tjcm;wuUodkvf aumvdyfawG ausmif;aqmifawGudkvnf;jyef@ESH@oGm;cJhygw,f?

88 rwfv ausmif;om;vSkyf&Sm;rSk

57


“ordkif;0if;xJrSm&SdwJh ausmif;om;awGu pm&GufawG jzef@w,f? udkzkef;armf usqHk;whJae@uyg0ifcJ hwJh ausmif;om;awGu tjzpftysufawGa&;+yD;awmh pm&GufawG jzef@wm&Sdw,f?tJ'Duaewqifh usaemfwdk@u RC (2) ac:wmaygh RC(2) u ausmif;om;awGudk &Sif;jyw,f?

ordkif;0if;rSm&SdwJh ZD0u wdk@/ tif;av; wdk@/ 'l;0g; wdk@/ pOfhul tp&SdwJh taqmifawGuausmif;om;awG pkpnf;+yD; usaemfwdk@ &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfxJrSm t0dkif;cH&wJh umvayghAsm?tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@uae+yD;awmh tiftm;jznfh+yD; csDwuf=uwmawG &Sdw,f? odk@aomfvnf;yJusaemfwdk@ aemufqHk; a&SŒquf+yD; csDwufvdk@r&Ekdifatmif vHkxdef;&,f ppfwyf&,f rD;owf&,ft0dkif;cHxm;&w,f?

t"du uawmh jyifyu taqmifawGuvmwJh ausmif;om;awGeJ@ &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfxJrSm qENjyaewJh ausmif;om;awG yl;aygif;oGm;rSmudk pdk;wJhtwGuf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfudkvnf; 0dkif;xm;w,f? aemuf+yD;awmh csDwufvmwJh ausmif;om;awGudkvnf; vyf(u)pfa&cJrkef@ ta&SŒrSmyJ ydwfqdk@+yD;0dkif;xm;w,f”

rwfv 14 &uf/ 15 &ufae@awGu ordkif;0if;taqmifae ausmif;ol ausmif;om;awG&JŒv_yf&Sm;r_awGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ pufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om; udkoH'kwf ajymjycJhwmyg? tJ'DtcsdefrSm&efukefwuUodkvf yifru ausmif;olausmif;om;awGua&m b,fvdkv_yf&Sm;r_awG &SdcJhygovJ?

“'D ausmif;wwfwJhae@ 14 &ufae@usawmh ausmif;0if;taetxm;u awmfawmfav;udkyGpdyGpd p jzpfvm+yDayghAs? aemuf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@ tkyfpkuusawmh aiGpuULudpP bmnmtJ'Duwnf;u awmufavSsmufu p+yD;v_yf&Sm; r_awG vkyfae=uwJholawGjzpfaewJhtcgusawmhbmvkyfovJqdkawmh pmawGa&;w,f?

a&;+yD;awmh RC ta&SŒu eH&HawGrSm usaemfwdk@ vdkufuyfw,f? t"du u tJ'DtcsdefrSmausmif;om; tm;vH k;& J Œ ypfuGif;u RC yJAs? rde f; xJrSmuawmh? tJ'Dwkef;u RC

uJefwif;(ef)&Sdaeao;wmudk;? tJ'Dvdk vdkufuyfayr,fh q&mawGu vmcGmwmyJ? aemuf 15 &ufae@qufwdkuf qufuyfw,f”

'guawmh &efukef wuUodkvf yifrausmif;om;awG&JŒv_yf&Sm;r_ ta=umif;udk &Spfav;vHk;ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpf+yD; tcktcgrSm xdkif;jrefrm e,fpyfudka&muf&SdaewJh udkoufxGef;ajymjycJhwmyg?

rwfv 15 &ufae@ ae@vnfydkif;rSmawmh &efukefpufr_ wuUodkvfausmif;0if;xJudk rqvvHkjcHKa&;wyfzJG@awGu t=urf;zuf 0ifa&mufpD;eif;ygawmhw,f?

“ESpfem&DcGJ oHk;em&DavmufrSm 0ifpD;wmyJ? tJ'DrSm tkwf*lawGvnf; jyefzsufvdkufw,f?tm;vHk; 69 a,muf zrf;oGm;wmaygh” (2)

aemuf&uf rwfv 16 &ufrSmawmh rcHr&yfEkdifjzpfwJh &efukefwuUodkvf yifru ausmif;olausmif;om;awG[m +idrf;csrf;pGmqENjyyGJudk pwifcJh=uygawmhw,f? tJ'D +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyyGJ}uD;udktm%mydkifawGu t=urf;zuf +zdKcGif;&mu jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;ordkif;rSm b,fvdkrS arhaysmufvdk@r&wJh“rwfv 16 &uf wHwm;eD ta&;tcif;}uD;” jzpfysufygawmhw,f cifAs?

58


“igwdk@twGuf tm%mydkifawGu xrDxkwf ESpfxkyf oHk;xkyf ydk@zdk@ pDpOfae+yD? tck 'Dreufcsufcsif; ydk@vdkufvdrfhr,f? igwdk@ 0wfrvm; igawmh t0wfrcHEkdifbl;? &efukefwuUodkvfuudkvdkeDacwfuwnf;u p+yD;awmh ordkif;tpOftvm tifrwef}uD;wJhae&m tck 'Dausmif;uausmif;om;awGjzpfw,f? tck igawmh vufrcHbl;? olwdk@eJ@ yl;aygif;r,f? tJ'Dawmh tck rqvudk qef@usifw,fvdk@ atmf[pf+yD;awmh t"dywdvrf;udk jyefcsDwuf=uw,f?

tJ'DtcsdefrSm bJG@ESif;obifxJuae 'kwd, ygarmuQcsKyf a'gufwm boef;[uf uxGufvm+yD;awmh wm;w,f? usaemfwdk@udk Hand Spaker av;ukdif+yD;awmh 'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;xHk;pHt&yJ opfom;tr_dufyHk;}uD;udk arSmuf+yD; tJ'Dq&m}uD;udk 0dkif;qGJwif+yD; ‘q&m}uD;w&m;a[myg’ vdk@ atmfawmh aemufqHk; q&m}uD;u awmif;yef+yD; xGufajy;oGm;awmhw,f?

usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awGxJuyJ ol@vufxJu Hand Spaker udk ,lxm;vdkufw,f?usaemfwdk@ bJG@ESif;obifa&SŒudk csDwufr,f? tJ'DrSm usaemfwdk@ w&m;a[myGJvkyfr,fvdk@csDwufoGm;w,f? t"dywdvrf;wavsmufrSm ausmif;om;awG tukefjynfhoGm;+yD/ a[majymr_awGvkyfwJhtcsdefu RIT eJ@ RC 2 udkvnf; csDwufvm=uyg?

&efukefwuUodkvfeJ@ vmyl;aygif;ygqkd+yD;ac:zdk@ ausmif;om;i,fawGudk v$wfvdkufw,f? 'geJ@tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ tjyifudk udk,fwdkifoGm;ac:r,f csDwufr,fqdk+yD;awmh xGufoGm;wJh tkyfpkeJ@ rxGufbl;qdkwJh tkyfpkawG tjiif;yGm;+yD; aemufqHk; xGufr,fqdkwJhtkyfpku vlrsm;+yD; xGufoGm;usawmhjynfvrf;rudk a&mufoGm;=uw,f?

“tJ'Dvkd xdyfukda&mufoGm;wJhtcsdefxduawmh at;at;aq;aq;yJ? usaemfwkd@ukd a&SŒrSmwm;xm;w,f? t"du uawmh RC 2 eJ@usaemfwdk@ raygif;zkd@twGufaygh? tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwkd@&JŒt"dubmvJqkdawmh jzpfapcsifwJhqEN 13 &ufae@ zkef;armf usqHk;oGm;wJhudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD;awmhtJ'DrSm tjzpfrSefudk azmfxkwfay;zdk@ 'DudpPrSm yg0ifywfoufcJhwJh w&m;cHawGudk azmfxkwfay;zdk@/'gudk t"du usaemfwdk@ awmif;cJhwm?

tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@qDrSmvnf; vufeuf bm&,f nm&,fqdkvdk@ bmrSr&Sdbl;/ausmif;om; yuwd jzLjzLpifpifeJ@ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DudpPajym&zdk@ a&SŒrSm nSdE_dif;+yD; at;at;csrf;csrf;aqmif&GufaewJh tcsdefrSmyJ olwdk@udkwdkifuvnf; 'DudpPudk nSdr,f ajymr,f qdk+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@udk}udKqkdvkyf+yD;awmh wufajym=uwmayghaemf usaemfwdk@ oDcsif;vnf;qdkao;w,f? (oDcsif;oH)

“ur Bmra=u ... jrefrmjynf... 'dk@ bkd@bGm; tarGtESpfrdk@ qdk+yD;awmh tJ'D oDcsif;udkausmif;om;awGu qdkvmw,f? olwk d@ eHygwfwkwfawGeJ@ p +yD;awmh ¶k dufvmw,f?p¶kdufvmwJhtcgusrS a&SŒbufu ausmif;om;awGu vHk;0 a&Smifjcif;r&SdbJ =uHŒ=uHŒcH+yD;awmht¶kdufcHw,f?

tJ'DrSm 4/ 5 wef;avmuf a&mufwJhtcsdeftcgusawmh aemufu ausmif;om;awGu+ydK+ydKvmw,f? pH&dyf+idrfeJ@ qifa&wGif;bufukd xGufvkd@&wJh tJ'D vrf;=um;av;awGbufudkxGufajy;=uw,f? wcsK dŒausmif;om;awG ausmif;olawGusawmh tif;vsm;uefapmif;udkwufajy;w,f?

59


wcsKdŒausmif;olawGudk qHyifqGJ+yD;awmh yg;¶kdufwmrsKd;wkd@ bmwkd@&Sdvmw,f? tJ'DrSmausmif;olawGrSm qGJ}udK;wdk@ vufaumufwdk@ ygvdk@&Sd&if olwkd@ qGJ,lwmwdk@ bmwkd@ vkyfw,f?tJ'Dtcgusawmh wcsKdŒu a&xJusoGm;+yD;awmh... ”

“tukefvHk;u tvJvJtuGJuGJeJ@ xGufajy;=uwJhtcgusawmh tJ'D tif;vm;uefxJrSmqif;+yD; usaemf ykef;aevdkufw,f/ tJ'D tif;,m;uef ajreDvrf;uav; usaemfa&mufwJhtcsdefrSmusaemfh rsufvHk;awG jymoGm;w,fAs?

bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh ausmif;om;aygif; axmifcsD+yD; jynfh=uyfaewJhvrf;ay:rSmacG;waumif a=umifw+rD;awmif r&Sdawmhbl;? tif;vsm;uefabmifay:rSm avua0S@+yD;wdkufvdkufwJhtcgrSm usaemf csrf;oGm;w,f?

bmvdk@vJqdkawmh wudk,fvHk; pdk&GJ+yD;awmh a&xJu wufvmw,fqdkawmh 'gayr,fhtJ'Dxuf ydk+yD;qdk;wmu tJ'DjrifuGif;yJ jynfvrf; awmufavSsmufwckvHk;[m tkwfusKd;tkwfyJh zdeyfawGvG,ftdwf tydkif;tpawG pmtkyfawG jyef@usJ+yD;awmh avwdkufvdkufwJhtcsdefrSm tJ'Dpm&GufawGudkavwdk;oGm;wJhtoHuvGJvdk@ usefwJhtoH bmrSr=um;&bl;?

aemufwcku tifrwef pnfum;aewJh 'Dausmif;awmfawGrSm tjrJ qlnH aysmf&$ifoHawGeJ@zkef;v$rf;aewJhae&m wdwfqdwfvdk@ wu,fhwpjyifjzpfoGm;wJh ykHpHyJ?

(3)rwfv 13 &ufae@ udkzkef;armf usqHk;cJh&wmudk rauseyfwJhtwGuf rwfv 16 &ufae@rSm

ausmif;ol ausmif;om;awGu +idrf;csrf;pGm csDwufqENjycJh=uwmyg?'Dtay:udk tm%mydkifawGbufu wzufouf t=urf;zuf acsr_ef;cJhwJhtcgrSmawmh

jrefrmhEk difiHa&;ordkif;rSm 0rf;enf;a=uuGJzG,f&m aumif;wJh ‘wHwm;eD ta&;tcif;}uD;’jzpfysufcJh&ygw,f?

'Djzpf&uf[m vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfu jzpfysufcJhw,fqdkayr,fh +idrf;csrf;pGm yg0ifqENjycJhwJholawG

60


t=urf;zufacsr_ef; wdkufcdkufcHcJh&olawGtaeeJ@uawmh b,fvdkrS arhvdk@aysmufvdk@&rSm r[kwfygbl;?ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkrif;aZ,smeJ@ udkaX;=uG,fwdk@&JŒ jyefajymif; oHk;oyfcsufudk usaemfwdk@t&if em;qif=unfh&atmifvm; cifAsm?

“usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awGudk rw&m; nSOf;qJowfjzwfw,fAsm? 'gqdkawmhrcHEkdifbl;Asm? 'gudk rcHEdkifa=umif; qENudk azmfxkwfw,fAsm? 'g[m Main Key yJ? zkef;armfudkypfowfvdkufw,fAsm? zkef;armf aooGm;w,fAsm? usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;ESpfa,muftowfcHvdkuf&w,f?

'gudk 'DaumifawGu zkH;xm;w,f? r[kwfbl;qdk+yD; vdrfw,fAsm? 'gudkawmh usaemfwdk@vufrcHEkdifbl;? tJ'gudk usaemfwdk@ qef@usifwm? [kwfw,f 16 ESpfu jzpf&wJh t"du ta&;tcif;ut"dutcsufu ausmif;om; towfcH&vdk@ 'g[m usaemhftjrifayghaemf”

“'D[mjzpf&jcif; ta=umif;t&if;u ausmif;om;awG&JŒ tcGifhta&;udk zdESdyfvdk@qdkwmxufrw&m;r_/ 'D rw&m;r_udk usaemfwdk@rSm ajymqdkydkifcGifh&SdwJh ausmif;om;tzGJ@tpnf;vnf; r&Sdbl;?rw&m;r_udk usaemfwdk@ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf xkwfjyEkdifwJh jrefrmEkdifiHrSm w&m;rSswr_ }uD;pdk;apcsif&ifvlxkudk,fwdkifuae+yD;awmh rw&m;r_udk vufrcHbl;qdkwJh todrsKd;udk azmfxkwfjyEkdifwJh jyoydkifcGifhtcGifhta&;awGudk r&SdcJhbl;?

tJ'D=um;xJuae+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awG aygif;pnf;oGm;=uw,f? &efukefwuUodkvfwif r[kwfygbl;? aq;wuUodkvf ygw,f/ pufr_wuUodkvf ygw,f? aygif;pHkuygvm=uygw,f? tJ'D wuUodkvfaygif;pHku ygvmwJh csDwuf qENjyr_[m +idrf;csrf;pGmqENjyr_vdk@b,fvkdyJajymajym t=urf;zufacsr_ef;jcif;udk usaemfwdk@ cHcJh&ygw,f”

ukdrkd;at; ? ? [kufuJhcifAs/ 'Dvdkt=urf;zufacsr_ef;cHcJh&wJhtay:udk udkrif;udkEkdiftaeeJ@a&m b,fvdkjyefajymif; oHk;oyfxm;wm&SdovJ cifAs?

tJ'guawmhAs/ usaemfwdk@t&ifudk usaemfwdk@=unfhvdkufav? tJ'Drwdkifcifu jzpf&yffawGudk=unfhr,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@[m tqHk;owfusawmh t=urf;zuf +zdKcGif;cH&wm}uD;ygyJ? qdkvdkwmutJ'D tcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@a&SŒu uefabmif¶kd;&JŒxdyfrSm oHql;}udK;eJ@ ydwfxm;vdkuf+yDav?

+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@udk aoewfawGeJ@ ajymif;&SnfawGeJ@ csdefxm;w,f? csdefxm;w,fqdkawmhusaemfwdk@ a&SŒqufoGm;vdk@ r&awmhbl;? r&wJhtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@u aemuf rqkwfEkdifbl;?aemufrqkwfEkdifwJhtwGuf usaemfwdk@ tJ'D tcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@[m bmvkyfovJqdkawmh bmtzsuftpD; jrufwyifawmif usaemfwkd@ rE_wfcJhygbl;As?

usaemfwdk@u bmvkyfovJqdkawmh oHql;}udK;a&SŒrSmyJ usaemfwdk@ &yf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@a'gif;tvHxlxm;+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@ ‘ur Bmra=u’ oDcsif;udk qdkw,fAs? tJ'DtcsdefrSmtaemufuae+yD;awmh vHkxdef; wyfzGJ@awGa&mufvm+yD;awmh 'dkif;awGeJ@ ydwfvdkuf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@udk¶kdufESuf+yD;awmh +zdKcGJvdkufwmyJ?

tJ'g zrf;wJhvlawG vufvSrf;rDwJholawGudk qGJwif+yD;awmhac:oGm;wmyJ? tawG@t=uHKwckudk ajymjyr,f? tJ'DrSm uefabmif¶kd;rSm usaemfwdk@wawG t¶kduftESufcH&+yD;awmh aemuf [kdbuf&yfuGufxJ vlae&yfuGufawGxJ a&mufatmif usaemfwkd@ ajy;oGm;wmaygh?

61


aemufqHk;usawmhAsm usaemfwdk@ tdrfwtdrfxJudk0if+yD;awmh tJ'Dtdrfu vlawGu0dkif;qGJxm;+yD;awmh tdrfwHcg;ydwf+yD; zGufay;xm;wmayghAs? tJ'DrSm bkef;}uD;wyg;uae+yD;awmhvnf;tm*EWKtaeeJ@ olu tvnfa&mufaewJhtcsdef olwdk@ rsufpdta&SŒwif jrif&wmayghAs/ usaemfwdk@udk+zdKcGif;cH&wm jrifwJhtcgawmh olu pum;wcGef; ajymcJhwm&Sdw,f? jzpfvmvdk@&Sd&if rif;wdk@ucHbufucsnf;yJ qdkwJhpum;ayghAsm? tJ'g vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfu jynfolxJu jynfolwOD;taeeJ@rSwfcsufcsvdkufwmyJAs” (4)

ukdrkd;at; ? ? [kwfuJh/ tck udkrif;udkEkdif =uHKcJhovdk rjzpfvdkufeJ@ jzpfvdkuf&if rif;wdk@ucHbufucsnf;yJ qdkwJh vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfu ajymcJhwJh tJ'D rSwfcsufayghav tJ'Dtay: udkrif;udkEkdiftckb,fvdk jyefoHk;oyfrdovJ cifAs?

“qdkvdkwmuawmh usaemfwdk@twGuf tJ'DtcsdefrSm ausmif;om;qdk&ifvnf; ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;twGuf tumtuG,fay;r,fh cdkifcdkifrmrm Oya'vnf; r&Sdbl;aygh? aemufwckuusaemfwdk@ qENawG oabmxm;awGudk azmfxkwfjyEkdifzdk@ bmtcGifhta&;rSvnf; r&Sdbl;? tJ'Dawmhjy\em qdkwmawmhAsm ta=umif;&if;awG pHkvdk@&Sd&ifawmh ay:wwfwmayghAs? ay:vmw,fqdk&iftm%mydkifawGbufu ajz&Sif;wJhenf;vrf;uvnf; t=urf;zufwmyJ &SdcJhw,f?

tJ'gawGa=umifhyJAsm b,fvdkjzpfcJhovJqdkawmh rdbjynfolawGu arSsmfvifhcsuftjynfht0eJ@ t&if;tESD;awG pdkuf+yD;awmh ynmoifay;cJhwJh ausmif;ol ausmif;om;awGuausmi f ;xkwfc H&w,f / axmi fus&w,f / aemuf toufawG p Ge f @&w,f? tJ' Dvd ktrsKd;rsKd;epfem&w,fayghAs?

tJ'guawmh vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfudk jyef=unfhvdkufr,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@rDwJh usaemfwdk@acwfrSmp+yD;awmh =uHK&wJh jrifuGif;yJAs? tJ'Dawmh usaemfwdk@uawmh 'g[m 'Dvdkcg;oD;wJh tawG@ t=uHKrsKd;eJ@&r,fqdkwmawmh usaemfwkd@uawmh em;vnfxm;+yD;om;yg?

em;vnfxm;ayr,fh usaemfwdk@rSmu udk,fvdkcsifwJh tcGifhta&;udk awmif;qdkazmfxkwfjyozdk@u 'Denf;yJ &Sdwmudk;As? usaemfwdk@u 'Denf;udkyJ 'ga=umifh jzpfEkdifw,fqdkwm'Dvdk=uHKEkdifw,fqdkwm odygvSsufeJ@ a&G;cJh=uwmyg”

0rf;enf;a=uuGJzG,f&m jzpf&yfawGeJ@ =uHKEkdifrSef;odvsufeJ@ vkyfcJh=u qENjycJh=uw,fqdkawmhausmif;om; acgif;aqmifawG&JŒ yuwd &ifxJuqENawG bmawGjzpfrvJ? udkrif;udkEk difeJ@udkaX;=uG,fwdk@&JŒ vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfu olwdk@&JŒ yuwd &ifwGif;qENawGudk avhvm=unfh&atmifvm;cifAs?

“EkdifiHa&;eJ@ywfoufwJh v_yf&Sm;r_udk ausmif;om;awG vkyf=u+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if bmrSqkvmbfqdkwm r&Sdbl;As? usaemfwdk@u wkwfyJ&r,f/ b,fawmhrS qk&r,fqdkwmrsKd;u r&Sdygbl;?'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@ vkyfcJh=uwmyJ?

qdkvdkwmuawmh vli,fpdwfeJ@ ausmif;om;pdwfeJ@ usaemfwdk@u cHp&m&Sd&if usaemfwdk@u&ifqdkifvdkufr,faygh? &r,fh tusKd;tjrwf[m wdkif;oljynfom;awG tm;vHk;twGuf usaemfwdk@&JŒEkdifiHtwGuf aumif;w,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@ &if;oifhwmudk tukefvHk;&if;+yD;awmh vkyfr,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@

62


'Dvdk tajccHpdwfeJ@vkyfwmyg”“udk,fh&JŒ tusKd;tjrwftwGuf wckrSr&SdbJeJ@ tm;vHk;[m rw&m;r_udk vufrcHbl;qdkwJh

EkdifiHom;aumif; yDopGm usaemfwdk@ a&G;cJh=uwmyg? tcktcsdeftxd usaemfwdk@ arSsmfrSef;oavmufwdkif;jynfrSm 'D avmuygv w&m;awGjzpfwJh w&m;rSswa&; vGwfvyfa&;awG wu,frxGef;um;ao;bl; qdkwJh[mudkawmh cHpm;rdw,faygh”

aomw&Sifrsm;cifAs/ vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG arSsmfrSef;cJhovdkavmuygv w&m;awG jrefrmEkdifiHrSm rxGef;um;ao;bl;qdkayr,fh rw&m;r_udk acgif;iHk@rcHwwfbl;qdkwJh jrefrmausmif;om;awG&JŒ pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif; pdwf"mwfudkawmh tm%mudkenf;rsKd;pHkeJ@vufajymif;vufvGJ &,lxm;olawG aumif;aumif;odcJhygw,fvdk@ udkrif;udkEkdifu ajymygw,f? (5)

udkaX;=uG,fuawmh udkrif;udkEkdif&JŒ ajymjycsufudk tckvdk jznfhpGuf ajymjyxm;ygao;w,fcifAs?

“jrefrmEkdifiHuae+yD;awmh rwfv 13 &ufae@u pcJhwJh ta&;tcif;[m ta&SŒawmiftm&SrSm usaemfwdk@ yxrqHk;yJ? aemufydkif;rSm ta&SŒ Oa&my/ aemufydkif;rSm w¶kwf ‘wD[D,ef&ifjyif’ta&;tcif;ayg hAs? pojzif h ' Dr d kua&pDta&; v_yf& Sm;awmif;qd kr _awG[m 'Dr d kua&pDwdrf;!$wfr_bufudk urBm}uD; wckvHk; ajymif;vJoGm;w,f?

tjcm; ta&SŒawmiftm&SEkdifiHawGtm;vHk;rSm r&SdcJhbl;wJh ordkif;a=umif;t& zdESdyfolvlxkrSm a&G;cs,fcGifhr&SdwJh vlxk&JŒtcGifhta&;/ vlwOD;csif;qD&JŒta&;/ wdkif;&if;om;awG&JŒta&;qdkwJh[mudk bmrS jyXmef;yd kifcGif hr&SdwJh Ek difiHwckrSm vlxkuae+yD;awmh OD;aqmif+yD;awmhtajymif;tvJwckudk pwif+yD; awmif;qdkw,f? tJ'D[mu jrefrmEkdifiHuae+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@ 1988ckESpfupcJhwm”

aomw&Sifrsm;cifAsm? wHwm;eD ta&;tcif; jzpfysufcJhwm 17 ESpf&SdcJhyg+yD? tJ'Dtwdwf17 ESpfumvrSm ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkrif;udkEkdifu axmifxJrSm 16 ESpf aecJh&ygw,f? wjcm;ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG jzpfwJh udkaZmfrif;/ udkaX;=uG,feJ@ udkjyHK;csKdwdk@qdk&ifvnf; 14 ESpf 15ESpfeD;yg; axmifxJrSmyJ olwdk@&JŒtcsdefawGudk ay;qyf jzwfoef;cJh&olawGyg?

olwdk@wawG axmifujyefvGwfvm+yD;csdefrSm wHwm;eD wrf;csif; wyk'fa&;pyfzdk@tif;vsm;uefabmifbufudkrsm; oGm;jzpfcJh=uygovm;vdk@ ar;=unfhcJhygw,f?

udkrif;udkEkdif/ udkaX;=uG,feJ@ udkjyHK;csKdwdk@&JŒ &ifckefoHudk usaemfwdk@em;qif=unfh=u&atmifvm;cifAsm? (oDcsif;oH)

“trf usaemf wacgufoGm;=unfhygw,f/ tJ'DrSm bmawG@&ovJqdkawmh tJ'Djzpf&yfawGudk jynfzHk;um; csvdkufcsifwJhoabmeJ@ wlygw,fAsm? tJ'Dtay:rSm xD;a&mifpHkawGeJ@cspfolpHkwGJudkyJ usaemfwdk@ awG@&ygw,f? +yD;awmh [dk t&ifwkef;u usaemfwfdk@ &ifqdkifcJh&wJhtcif;tusif;rsKd; r[kwfawmhbl;ayghAsm?

'Dt&m[m tifrwef om,m=unfEl;p&maumif;w,fqdkwJh 'Duae@ vufawG@taetxm;wckudk zefwD;xm;wm awG@&ygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm tifrwef 0rf;enf;a=uuGJp&maumif;

63


wJh jzpf&yfrSefwck &SdcJhw,fqdkwJh tcsufudkawmh zHk;uG,fxm;wJhoabm &Sdygw,f? 'gayr,fh wu,fhudka=uuGJp&m aumif;wJh Zmwfvrf;[m tJ'DrSm trSefwu,f jzpfcJhygw,f”

“17 ESpfqdkayr,fhvdk@ tcktcsdef jyefawG;vdk@&Sd&ifvnf; wu,fhudk jrifae =um;ae&ovdkdygyJ?tif;vsm;uefbuf jzwfavsmufoGm;&ifAs/ [dk;wkef;uvdk ukuUKdyifndKndKawG r&Sdawmhbl;/[dk;wkef;uvdk jrufcif;pdrf;av;awG r&Sdawmhbl;/ [dk;wkef;uvdk aA'gtkyfawG r&Sdawmhbl;”

“a&mufoGm;wJ htcs de fr Sm t&ifwke f ;uyH kp HawGtwd ki f ;y J usaem f h&i fxJr Smjyefaysmfvmwmaygh? tm;vHk;[m usaemfwdk@ yxrqHk; ausmif;om;b0rSm =uHKawG@cJh&wmjzpfcJhwmqdkawmh b,fvdkrS 'D[mawG[m aysmufoGm;rSmvJr[kwf/ arhoGm;rSmvJr[kwf tjrJwrf;&SdaerSmyJavb,favmufyJ jyifxm; jyifxm;w,f qkdayr,fh t&ifwkef;u yHk&dyfawG[m pGJae+yD;om;yJ?

aemufawmh usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;b0rSm yxrqHk; =uHKawG@cJh&wJh tJ'DyGJu yxrqHk;yGJyJjzpfw,f? udkaX;atmif&JŒ uAsmawGvdkayghAsm?

‘'Dae&mrSm igwdk@ qENjycJh=uw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmigwdk@ pDwef; vSnfhvnfcJh=uw,f’ [kwfw,fAd kvfatmifausmf wrf;csif; uAsmvdkyJ 'Dae&mrSmyJ usaemfwkd@ rw&m;r_udk usaemfwdk@qef@usifcJh=uw,f wJh/ ausmif;om;awG t&if;tESD; trsm;}uD;ay;cJh&w,f/ b0awG/ toufawGtrsm;}uD; ay;cJh&w,f” (6)

'Duae@ EkdifiHa&;tcif;tusif;awGudk OD;wnfjzpfay:apcJhwJh rwfv ausmif;om; v_yf&Sm;r_jzpfysufcJhwm 17 ESpf&SdcJhyg+yD? 'D 17 ESpfwm umvrSm ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkrif;udkEkdifu 16ESpf udkaZmf0if;/ udkjyHK;csKd/ udkaX;=uG,f pwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG qdk&ifvnf; 14 ESpf 15 ESpfeD;yg; etz&JŒ tusOf;axmif awGxJrSmaexdkif jzwfoef;cJh&ygw,f?

'Dae&mrSm =um;jzwf+yD; qdyfzvl;&eH@ tusOf;axmifqdkwm ypPKyef qdkwmr&SdbJ twdwfudkyJjyefvnfawG; rdwJhae&mwckygvdk@ q&m'*kefwm&m wifpm;cJhwmukd t&if wifjyvdkygw,fcifAsm?

qdyfzvl;&eH@ oif;wJhae&m b,folrSrawG@&yJudk;/ tJ'Dae&ma&mufwJhtcgusawmhudk,fh&JŒ ¶kdufcwfr_u enf;oGm;+yD tjyifrSmaewJh jyifyavmu ¶dkufcwfr_trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ awG@=uHK&awmh'D¶kdufcwfr_tvdkuf wk@Hjyefuswmudk;?

'DtxJa&mufoGm;wJhtcgusawmh qdyfzvl;&eH@ oif;wJhae&ma&mufoGm;wJhtcgusawmholu +idrfoGm;+yD olu? udk,fh&JŒwdkufcwfr_u odyfr&Sdawmhbl;? r&Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;wJhtcgusawmhrS[dk'if;vdkayghAsm/ ¶kyf&SifxJrSmyg bmac:vnf; jyef+yD;awmh [dk Showd jyefjy&ovdk jzpfoGm;w,fAs?

tJ'Dvdk jrifenf;rsKd;u =umrS twdwfudk=unfh&if jrifwwfwm? twdwf jyefpOf;pm;rStwdwfxufudku ypPKyefudk;As? tck vufiif;udk; tckvufiif;[m aemif tem*wf zefwnf;awmhr,fhvli,fwdkif;[m aemiftem*wfrSm vl}uD;jzpfrSmqdkawmh tJ'D tem*wftopfudk zefwD;zdk@twGuftwdwfta[mif;udk =unfhrS 'DxufomvGefwJh tzufzufrSm omvGefwJh acwfwacwfudk xlaxmifwJhpdwfu jyif;xefvmrSm?

tzufzufu omvGefwJh acwfwacwfxlaxmif Edkifzdk@twGuf qdyfzvl;&eH@oif;wJhae&mawGrSm 10 pkESpfwpkausmf jzwfoef;aexdkifcJh&wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ@a&m

64


vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfu twdwf&JŒyHk&dyfawGudk b,fvdkjyefawG; b,fvdkjyefvnf oHk;oyfEkdifcJhus+yDvJ?udkrif;udkEkdif/ udkrif;aZ,sm/ udkaX;=uG,f eJ@ udkjyHK;csKd wdk@&JŒ jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufawGudk

usaemfwkd@ em;qif=unfh&atmifvm;cifAsm;?17 ESpf jzwfoef;cJh&+yD qdkwJhtcgusawmh usaemfwdk@wawG[m twdwfudk jyef+yD;awmh

acgif;at;at;eJ@ jyef@=unfhEkdifwJh rsufvHk;rsKd;awmh usaemfwdk@rSmawmh &Sdvmyg+yD? aemufwckuusaemfwdk@wawG[m oifhawmfr,fhvrf;udk &ifhusufwJh OD;aESmufeJ@ a&G;cs,fwwfzdk@ usaemfwdk@[m}udK;pm;vmEkdif+yDvkd@ udk,fhudkudk,fawmh 'g[m }udK;pm;oifhw,fvdk@ udk,fhudkudk,fvnf; owday;ae&ygw,f?

qdkvdkwmuawmh 'Davmuf tESpf 20 eD;yg; a&muf+yDayghAs? 'Davmuf jzwfoef;vm=u+yDqdkwJh tcgusawmh usaemfwdk@rSm cg;oD;wJh tawG@t=uHKrsm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@qdk&if wOD;wnf;aecJh&wJhola&m axmifxJrSm ESpf&Snfvrsm; 10 ESpfausmfaecJh&wJholu trsm;pk[m tJ'DvdkaevmcJh=uw,fqdkawmh usaemfwdk@u &ifhusufr_qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk usaemfwdk@[m jrufEkd;wufaeyg+yD?

tJ' Dawmh &if husufw,fqd kwJ h aemufuG,fr Sm bmawGygvmovJqd kawmhoabmxm;}uD;r_/ tarSsmftjrif&Sdr_/ tjyeftvSef em;vnfwwfr_/ udk,fhtwGufyJ udk,frpOf;pm;yJeJ@trsm;twGuf pOf;pm;wwfr_ 'gawGawmh usaemfwdk@rSm arG;jrL+yD;awmh &ifhusufaeygw,f?

tJovdk tm;omcsufawmh &Sdaumif;&SdEkdifw,fvdk@ usaemf ,lqygw,f? qdkvdkwmuawmh[dkwkef;uawmh usaemfu tJ'DtcsdefrSm wwd,ESpfausmif;om;aygh qdkawmh usaemfwdk@rSmi,fpdwf&Sdw,fqdkvdkwmu vli,fobm0ayghAs? vli,fawG&JŒ obm0twdkif; usaemfwdk@rSmtjynfht0&SdrSmaygh qdkwJhtcgusawmh usaemfwdk@u vkyfzdk@ udkifzdk@ wGef;wGef;wdkufwdkuf oGm;zdk@0efrav;bl;ayghAs? qdkwJhtcgusawmh usaemfwdk@&JŒ vkyfenf;vkyf[efawG[m &ifhusufr_awGuae+yD;awmh &ifhusufr_ vdkaumif;vnf; vdkEkdifygw,f?

'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@u tajccHuawmh usaemfwdk@u ¶kd;om;r_udk tajccHzdk@uawmh usaemftmrcHEkdifcJhw,fAs? 'g[m ausmif;om;xktm;vHk;&JŒ udk,fpm;udk usaemf ajymwmyg? usaemfwdk@rSmudk,fa&;udk,fwmtwGuf wOD;csif;twGuf/ 'g usaemfwdk@ bmrSarSsmfrSef;csufawG r&SdcJhbl;?

usaemfwdk@acwfudk jyef=unfhvdkufav awmufavSsmufrSm t&ifwkef;uqdkvdk@&Sd&ifEkdifiHa&;eJ@ ywfoufwJh v_yf&Sm;r_awG ausmif;om;awG vkyf=u+yD qdkvdk@&Sd&if bmrS qkvmbfqdkwmr&Sdbl;As? usaemfwdk@u wkwfyJ&r,f/ b,fawmhrS qk&r,fqdkwm r&Sdygbl;? usaemfwdk@ 'gayr,fhvkyfcJh=uwmyJ?

qdkvdkwmuawmh vli,fpdwfeJ@ ausmif;om;pdwfeJ@ usaemfwdk@u cHp&m&Sd&if usaemfwdk@&ifqdkifypfvdkufr,faygh? &r,fh tusKd;tjrwf[m wdkif;oljynfom;awG tm;vHk;twGuf usaemfwdk@EkdifiHtwGuf aumif;r,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@ &if;oifhwmudk tukefvHk;&if;+yD;vkyfr,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@'Dvdk tajccHpdwfeJ@ vkyfwmyg?

vkyfw,fqdkwJh ae&mrSmawmh vkyfenf;vkyf[efawGt&awmh usaemfwdk@wawG[mwu,fawmh wwfodem;vnfvGef;vdk@awmh r[kwfbl;As? usaemfwdk@ avhvmxm;oavmufusaemfwdk@ oif,l qnf;yl;oavmufeJ@ usaemfwdk@wawG[m taumif;qHk;jzpfatmifawmh

65


vkyfcJhuswmyJ? 'DtcgrSm usaemfwdk@ wawGrSm tm;enf;csufawGvnf; &Sdaumif;&Sdygvdrfhr,fcsKdŒ,Gif;csufawG &Sdygvdrfhr,f? (7)

tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufqdkwJhae&mrSm usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awG&JŒ yifudkADZayghaemf?trSefw&m;udk vdkvm;w,f aysmf&$ifr_ayghaemf/ pmayudkoif=um;r_ 'g yifudkobm0udk;? EkdifiHa&;udkodyfem;rvnfbl;As … usaemfu tpayghAs?

usaemfwdk@ em;vnfwm bmudkem;vnfovJqdkawmh rrSefwmudk em;vnfw,fAs?raumif;wmudk em;vnfw,fAs? tJ'D rrSefwmudk pdwfwdkw,fAs? raumif;wmudk vufrcHbl;As?

'Doabmw&m;ayghaemf tJ'D oabmw&m;tay:tajccH+yD; vkyfwJhtcgusawmhvkyfenf;vkyf[ef twdkif;ayghaemf/ usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awGrSm tm;enf;csufawG &SdcJhygw,f?

t"du uawmh em;vnfr_awG tm;enf;cJhw,f? xdawG@r_awG tm;enf;cJhw,f?EkdifiHa&;yg; r0bl;ayghAs? tawG@t=uHK tm;enf;r,f? EkdifiHa&;tawG;tac: tm;enf;r,f?xdawG@r_awG tm;enf;r,f? 'gawGu &SdcJhw,f? tm;omcsufawGtaeeJ@ ajym&&if tckeuajymovdkrsKd; trSefw&m;udk vdkvm;r_/ raumif;wmudk umuG,fvdkr_/ vGwfvyfr_udk vdkvm;r_/'gawGuawmh tm;omcsufawGaygh?

tcktaetxm;uawmh taumif;bufudk OD;wnfygw,f? taumif;bufudkO D;wnfw,fqd kwm t&ifwkef;uawmh toufawGuvnf; i,f=uw,fav/ aemufoabmawGuvnf; t&rf;rsm;=uw,f/ aemuf pdwfwdkwJholawGvnf; jzpf=uw,f? aemufusaemfwdk@ txJxJudk jyefa&mufwJhtcgrSm=uawmh tukefvHk;udk jyef+yD;awmh &DAsL; jyefvkyf=uw,fayghaemf?

txJxJa&mufawmh jyefawG@=uw,f ajym=u qdk=uwmaygh? qdkvdkwmuawmhOyrmqkdvdk@&Sd&if 'D a'gif;tvHwckudk vSJvdkuf+yDqdkvdkufwmeJ@ tcsif;csif;atmufrSm vufwGJrdzdk@tqifoifhqdkwm usaemfwdk@ oabmaygufoGm;usw,f? (oDcsif;oH)

1988 ckESpf umvrSmusawmh usaemfwdk@rSm tjzpftysufawGu tJ'DtcsdefrSm t&rf;jrefaew,favAs? t&rf;jrefaewJh=um;xJrSm rDatmifvdkuf=u&w,f? eD;pyf&m pkpnf;cJh=uw,f?tJ'Duae+yD;awmh uGJjyJr_yHkpHrsKd;awG jzpfcJh=uw,f?

'gawG[m vGefcJhwJh 17 ESpfrSm usefcJh+yDvdk@yJ usaemfjrifygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfwdk@wawGu'D jzwfoef;r_awGuae+yD;awmh tm;vHk; 'Dausmif;om;tm;vHk; tcktcsdefrSmawmh waoG;wnf;/wom;wnf;/ woHwnf; &Sdaeyg+yD?

axmifxJrSm qHkrdwJhtcgusawmhrS [dktjzpf 'DtjzpfawG [dkta=umif;awG 'Dta=umif;awGajym&if; qdk&if;eJ@ tjzpfrSefudk odvm=uwmudk;? tJ'Dawmh em;vnfr_awG ydk&vmcJhwmayghaemf?usaemfwdk@=um;rSm em;vnfr_vGJrSm;r_qdkwm tcktcsdefrSm jy\emwcktaeeJ@ vHk;0 r&Sdygbl;?usaemfwdk@oGm;csifwJh usaemfwdk@vrf;a=umif;ay:rSm usaemfwdk@ nDnD!Gwf!Gwf &yfaeygw,f?tJ'guvnf; usaemfwdk@ txl;wvnf usaemfwdk@taeeJ@ }udK;pm;p&m rvdkawmhbl;As?

bmjzpfvdk@vnf;qdkawmh usaemfwdk@[m vHkavmufwJh umvwckudk jzwfoef;+yD;oGm;+yD?

66


tJ'DtwGuf usaemfwdk@rSm wOD;eJ@wOD;rSm tjrif =unf=unfvifvif &Sdw,f? usaemfwdk@ &yfwnfcsifwJh&yfwnfr_ usaemfwdk@ a&G;cs,fxm;wJh vrf;a=umif;ay:rSm usaemfwdk@ ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef;avSsmufoGm;Ekdifzdk@ usaemfwdk@rSm tm;vHk; wnDw!Gwfwnf; &Sdygw,f?

usaemfwdk@qDrSm rvdkvm;tyfwJh jyefvnf pl;pdkufr_awG usaemfwdk@ rvkyf=ubl;? a&SŒusaemfwdk@ wdkif;jynfaumif;atmif bmvkyfay;EkdifrvJ/ 'gudkyJ usaemfwdk@ pOf;pm;=uygw,f?'DtcgrSmvnf; usaemfwdk@u tvum;ae&if; qlylcsifaewJh vlawGawmh r[kwfbl;As? 'gawmhaocsmw,fAs?

tJ'Dawmh usaemfwdk@ wkdif;jynfaumif;atmif usaemfwdk@ bmvkyfay;EkdifrvJ wdkif;jynfudktjiifomqHk;enf;eJ@ taumif;bufudk ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifatmif usaemfwdk@ bmvkyfEkdifrvJ/ 'gudkawmhusaemfwdk@ 'Duae@ aqG;aEG;ae=uwmawmh trSefyJAs? usaemfwdk@ pOf;pm;ae=uwmawmh trSefyJ? (8)

usaemfwdk@u ¶k d;¶k d;om;om;yJAs? bmwckrS usaemfwdk@ ¶k dufESufzsufqD;r_awGpdwful;xJrSmawmif r&S dbl;? usaemfwdk@ xGufoGm;w,f/ usaemfwdk@ xGufoGm;+yD;awmh&efukefwuUodkvf v_dife,fajru usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om; &JabmfawGudk usaemfwdk@ac:+yD;awmhusaemfwdk@csDwuf+yD;awmh vrf;avSsmufr,f/ usaemfwdk@rSm 'D&nf&G,fcsufeJ@ oGm;wmyJ?

oGm;wJhtcgusawmh usaemfwdk@vdkvm;wJh oabmxm;awG usaemfwdk@ qENawGudka=uG;ausmf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@ azmfxkwfr,f? 'gyJ&Sdw,f 'Dawmh 'Dae&mrSm usaemfwdk@ qifE$JcJhwJhenf;u +idrf;csrf;pGm qifE$JcJhwJhenf;yg?

tJ'gudk usaemfwdk@rSm t=urf;zuf+yD;awmh +zdKcGif;cH&w,f? qdkvdkwmuawmh usaemfwdk@&JŒoabmxm;qENawGud k usaemfwd k @ azmfxkwfjyEk di fz d k @u usaemfwd k @ &wJ henf;wenf;aemufqHk;wenf;eJ@yJ azmfxkwfcJhwmyg?

tJ'Dawmh jy\emwck&,fvdk@ ,lq+yD;awmh tJ'gudk t=urf;zuf+yD;awmh +zdKcGif;cHvdkuf&w,f?tJ'Duae+yD;awmh wu,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;xkeJ@ qdkifwJhudpPyJjzpfjzpfjynfolvlxkeJ@ qd kifwJ h ta&;udpPyJ jzpfjzpfayg hAsm/ tcgtcGif hoif hvd k@ ay:vmvdk@&S d&ifusaemfwdk@wawG[m &ifqdkif+yD;awmh awG@qHk+yD;awmh aqG;aEG;ajz&Sif;&if;eJ@ rjzpfoifhwmawGrjzpfatmif umuG,fEkdifr,fqdkwmudk 'gudkyJ usaemf aemufqHk; jyef+yD;awmh aumufcsufcsrdw,f?

b,fvkdac:rvJqkdawmh wzufu usaemfwdk@u +idrf;at;csrf; ajymqdkwifjyzdk@yJ?olwdk@taeeJ@ *¶kwpkdufr&SdawmhwJh tajccHawGayghaemf?aemufwcsdef xyf+yD;awmh tJ'Duaexyf+yD;awmh13 &ufae@udkausmf+yD jzpfvmw,f/ 16 &ufae@ t&Sdefuvnf; tJ'D yxrqHk; +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;usaemfwdk@uae+yD;awmh 'DtjzpftysufawG wifjyaewJhtcsdefrSm olwdk@zufu &ufpfyGef@ wkH@jyefr_urarSsmfvifhbJ aemufu +zdKcGif;r_jzpfoGm;wJhtwGuf tJ'g}uD;u tckxufxdudk us,fysHŒoGm;wmaygh?

ol@tusKd; udk,fhtusKd; ol@buf udk,fhbuf rSsrSsww oGm;=ur,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if awmf¶kHwef¶kHjy\emawG[m +yD;oifhwmawG +yD;oGm;EkdifrSm jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk rjzpfcJhygbl;?

17 ESpfwmumv jzwfoef;+yD;csdefrSm 8888 ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ@ 'Duae@vli,fausmif;om; rsKd;qufopfawGtay:udk b,fvdk ¶_jrifoHk;oyfxm;ygovJ? udkrif;udkEkdif/

67


udkaX;=uG,feJ@ udkrif;aZ,smwkd@&JŒ oHk;oyfcsufawGudk t&ifem;qif=unfh&atmifvm;cifAs?“ar;p&mrvdkbJeJ@ olwdk@udk,fudku 'DudpPav;awGudk 'Dvdkawmh=um;zl;w,f? 'g[m

rSefovm;qdk+yD;awmh vmar;wmrsKd; &Sdw,f? usaemfwdk@udk tJ'Dta=umif;awG ajymjyygqkd+yD;awmif;qdkwmawG wcsKdŒqdk&ifvnf; tJ'D ta=umif;awGudk rod=ubl;As? rodyJeJ@ 'guawmhAsmbmudk olwdk@ tm¶kHcHaeovJqdkawmh 'Duae@ zGifhxm;wJh wHcg;aygufawGuae+yD;awmh olwdk@xGufoGm;zdk@ jyif=uw,fAs? tJ'D wHcg;aygufudk cifAsm;wdk@ jrifygvdrfhr,f”

“vli,fawGrSm usaemf jrifaew,fAsm? Own Mode aysmufaeovdkrsK d;yJ?twwfynm&SifyJ vkyf& rvdkvdk/ Model Boy/ Model Gril yJvkyf& rvdkvdk tJ'Dvdkjzpfaew,fAs?tJ'Dawmh Individualism ayghAs? udk,fh wukd,fxJ0g' }uD;xGm;vmr,fqdk&if wu,fwef;a&&SnfrSmvnf; wdkif;jynftwGuf raumif;ovdk? udk,fvnf; raumif;Ekdifygbl;”

“ausmif;om;qdkwmu EkdifiH&Sdoa&GŒ urBmwnfoa&GŒ ausmif;om;qdkwm &SdaerSmyJav?tJ'Dawmh ausmif;om;awGudk usaemfajymcsifwmuawmh? usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;wkef;uvnf;ausmif;om; pdwf"mwfayghaemf? trSefw&m;udk vdkvm;r_/ r[kwfrcHr_/ yGifhvif;r_ tckacwfausmif;om;awGvnf; 'Dvdk pdwf"mwfrsKd;&Sdr,fvdk@ ,Hk=unfw,f?

tJ'D pdwf"mwfudk zG@H+zdK;wdk;wufvmatmif rSefuefwJh vrf;pOfudk a&mufatmif usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG tm;vHk;u ,ckxufydk+yD;awmhayghaemf? pGrf;pGrf;wrH }udK;pm;zdk@ pkpnf;zdk@wnfaqmufzdk@ayghAs? trsKd;om;a&;rSm wyfrawmfu opPmrazmufwmxuf usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awGu ydk+yD; opPmrazmufwJhta=umif; ausmif;om;awG ydk+yD;od&Sd em;vnf+yD;awmhtJ'gudk cH,lygvdk@ usaemf tJ'DvkdyJ ajymcsifw,f” (9)

17 ESpfwmumv jzwfoef;+yD;csdefrSm twdwfu tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufawGudkjyefvnf oHk;oyfEkdifcJhw,fvdk@ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGu ajymcJhygw,f?

twdwfudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfEkdifcJh+yDqdkawmh 'Duae@ ypPKyefumvuae a&SŒtem*wfeJ@ywfoufvdk@a&m ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ@ b,fvdk¶_jrifxm;=uygovJ?

udkrif;udkEkdif/ udkaX;=uG,feJ@ udkrif;aZ,smwkd@&JŒtjrifudk usaemfwdk@ em;qif=unfh&atmifvm; cifAsm?

“ypPKy`eftajctaerSm usaemfwdk@uoGm;&wJh tus,favmifqHk;toH odk@wnf;r[kwftm;vH k;twGuf &nf&G,fxm;wJ h OD;wnf&mu trsK d;om;Ek di fi Ha&;qk dwm jzpfaew,f?trsKd;om;EkdifiHa&; qdkwJhae&mrSm usaemfwdk@ t"dym,fzGifhqdkwmav;udk usaemfwkd@ &Sif;jycsifw,f?

trsK d;om;Ek difiHa&;qdkwm wpkwzGJ@&JŒ tusKd;pD;yGm; r[kwfbl;Asm? usaemfwdk@jynfaxmi fp kr Sm& S dw J h wd ki f ;&i f ;om;tm;vH k ; vlxkvlwef ;pm; tv$mtoD;oD ;a&mtm;vHk;&JŒtusKd;pD;yGm; jzpf&ygr,f?

tJ'Dawmh trsK d;om;Ek difiHa&;vdk@ a=uG;a=umfae+yD;awmh wpkwzGJ@wnf;twGuftmrcHcsuf&S da&; qdkwmrsK d;udk &nf&G,f+yD;awmh t"duxm; rpOf;pm;=uzdk@ tem*wfudkvSrf;=unfhwJhtcgrSmvnf; t"dy`m,fzGif hqdkcsufcsif; wlnDrS usaemfwdk@ oGm;&r,fhvrf;u

68


ajzmifhygvdrfhr,f?b,fvdkyJ usaemfwdk@u ypPKy`efrSm &yfwnfxm;wJh taetxm;awG uGJjym;aeygap? 'D

zGif hqd kcsufawGawmh wl=uzd k @awmhvd kygw,f? tJ'grS usaemfwd k@ vd kcsifwJ h yef;wd ki fud kjrefjrefa&mufr,fvdk@”

“wyfrawmf[m trsKd;om;a&;udk opPmrazmufbl;qdkwJh aqmifyk'fudkvnf; usaemfwkd@jrifae =um;ae&w,faygh? 'Duae@ wyfrawmfonfyifvSsif vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_v_yf&Sm;r_ordkif;xJu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGuae x+yD;azmfay;cJhwJh wyfrawmfyifjzpfygw,f?

jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ tajymif;tvGJumvwdkif;rSm ausmif;om;awG[m tqifoifh&SdcJhygw,f?trsK d;om;a&; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_wd kif;rSm a&SŒwef;uygcJ hw,fqdkwm[m jrefrmEk di fiHvGwfvyfa&;wdkufyJG ordkif;uaep+yD;awmh =unfhvdk@&w,f? rSwfausmufwifcHcJhr_awG trsm;}uD;&Sdw,f?

a'gufwm vSa&$ ajymovdkayghAsm? vGwfvyfa&;&zdk@twGuf t¶kd;awmifvdkyHkrS &r,fqdk&ifigwdk@ausmif;om;awG&JŒ t¶kd;[m atmufqHk;tv$mrSm&Sdaer,f wJh?

tJ'Dawmh ausmif;om;awG[m rdrd&JŒ yk*~vdu tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf r[kwfygbl;?ausmif;om; qdkwm[m vlxkuae+yD;awmh arG;zGm;vmwJh vlxk&JŒtpdwftydkif;jzpfw,f?vlxk&JŒta&;[m ausmif;om;awG&JŒta&;yJ jzpfw,f?

tJ'DtwGuf ausmif;om;awG[m trsKd;om;ta&;eJ@ ywfoufvm&if tjrJwrf;rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfaerSmyJqkdwm[m b,fvdkrSudk usaemfwdk@ oHo,&Sdp&mrvdkwJhta=umif;tjcif;t&m w&yfyJ”

“jrefrmEk di fi Ha&;ord ki f; tpOftqufud k =unfh&if Ek di fi Ha&;eJ@ywfoufvm&ifausmif;om;awG&JŒ tcef;u¾[m wyfrawmf&JŒ tcef;u¾xuf trsm;}uD; }uD;rm;cJhygw,f?trsm;}uD;yJ ta&;ygcJhygw,f”

“wdkif;jynftwGuf vkyf=uwJhae&mrSm 'gudk EkdifiHa&;vkyfw,fyJ ac:ac: bmta&;vkyfw,fyJ ac:ac:ayghAsm? tac:ta0:awGu }udKufovkdajymuswmyJAs? (10)

tJ'Dawmh udk,fhwdkif;jynf udk,fhvlrsKd;udk aumif;atmif 'Dxufru ajym&r,fqdk&ifur Bm}uD;wckvHk;aumif;atmif usaemfwdk@ }udK;pm;=uwmyJ/ tJ'DvdkrsK d;aumif;atmifvdk@vl@tzGJ@tpnf;}uD;wckvHk;udk aumif;atmifvdk@ apwemeJ@ }udK;pm;=uw,f/ tvkyfvkyf=uw,fqdkwJhae&mrSm ppfom;uyJ wdkif;jynfudk cspfwmawmh r[kwfbl;As?

usaemfwdk@ordkif;udk jyef=unfhr,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if ausmif;om;awGu apmovm;/ ppfom;uapmovm;qdkwmawmh 'gav;awmh ordkif;udk enf;enf;av; wD;rdacgufrdwJholawG ydkodygvdrfhr,f?

qdkvdkwmuawmh wyfrawmfudk b,folawGu p+yD; wnfaxmifcJhovJ? tJ'g[mwuUod kvfausmif;0if;xJu ausmif;om;awGu pwmyJ? trsK d ;om;vGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wdkufyJGuae+yD;awmh pvmwm r[kwfbl;vm;qdkwm enf;enf;av; jrifomxifom&Sdygvdrfhr,f?

tJ'Dawmh ausmif;om;awGvnf; wdkif;jynfudk cspfwwfw,f? ausmif;om;awGvnf;

69


wdkif;jynftwGufqkd&if tepfemcHwwfw,f”“tajymif;tvJwckudk aqmifusOf;wJhae&mrSm ausmif;om;awG}uD;yJ r[kwfygbl;? 'Duae@

vuf&Sd wyfrawmf tpdk;& tygt0if a&G;aumufyGJrSm tEkdif&xm;wJh NLD/ wkdif;&if;om;tiftm;pkawG 'Drdkua&pDudkvdkvm;wJh jynfol&JŒtoHudk usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; em;axmifoifhyg+yD?

jynfol[m [kwfw,f wu,fudk tajymif;tvJ vdkvm;ae+yD? tJ'D tajymif;tvJudkusaemfwdk@ b,fvdkrsKd; tnifomqHk;eJ@ todrfarG@qHk; ajymif;vJEkdifrvJayghAs? pdwful;,Ofw,fyJajymajymayghAs? usaemf ta&SŒ Oa&my ajymif;vJr_rsKd;ukd oabmusw,fAs?

'DwrsKd;om;vHk;&JŒ oabmwlnDcsuf yHkpHrsKd;eJ@udk tem*wfudk a&&Snf=unfh+yD;awmhtarSsmfjrif&Sd&Sd pkaygif;+yD;awmh ajymif;vJoGm;wJh yHkpHrsKd;/ txdcdkuf tenf;qHk;yHkpHrsKd; / 'DyHkpHrsKd;udkusaemfwdk@ ajymif;vJzdk@ &vdrfhr,fvdk@ tckxufxd ,Hk=unf arSsmfvifhaewkef;ygyJ?

tJ'Dvdkjzpfajrmufatmif usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awG[m jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf wwfpGrf;&m tcef;u¾u usaemfwdk@yg0ifzdk@ tqifoifh&Sdaeygw,f”

“tJ'Dvdk wwdkif;wjynfvHk; wrsK d;om;vHk;eJ@ ,SOfvmwJhudpPrsK d;rSm usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awGtaeeJ@uawmh wyfOD;uvdk@yJ ajymajym a&SŒwef;uvdk@yJ ajymajym usaemfwdk@wufzdk@0efrav;ygbl;?

'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@csOf;yJawmh b,fawmhrS vufrcHbl;? acwftqufqufudkjyef=unfhvdkuf jynfolvlxk rvdkufEdkifwJh vrf;udka&G;rd&if +ydKuJGoGm;wwfw,f?

tJ'Dawmh wvrf;xJudk vdkufEdkifzdk@ usaemfwdk@ a&G;cs,f=u&vdrfhr,f? txdtcdkuftenf;qHk;jzpfEkdifr,fh vrf;a=umif;udkawmh usaemfwkd@ pOf;pm;&r,f?

'Drdkua&pDjrwfEkd;wJh jynfolawGtaeeJ@ wdk;wufwJh tajymif;tvJwckudk arSsmfae=uwJholawGtaeeJ@qdk&if usaemfwdk@[m vlyk*~dKvfwOD;csif;tay:rSm rDS+yD;awmh arSsmfvifhraebJrdrdwdk@udk,fwdkif bmvkyfEkdifrvJqdkwJh tcsufudkyg 0dkif;+yD;awmh pOf;pm;xm;=uzdk@ vdkw,fvdk@ usaemf,lqygw,f”

“usaemf ajymcsifwJhpum;u wcGef;xJygyJ/ 'guawmh tvum; r&bl;? wefzdk;}uD;}uD;ypPnf;wckudk vdkcsif&if wefzdk;}uD;}uD; ay;&w,f? tESpfcsKyfajymcsifwmu xdkifaevdk@awmh bmrSjzpfrvmbl;” (11)

“ausmif;om;xk pcJhwJh ta&;awmfyHkudk ausmif;om;xkua&m ausmif;om;xk yg0ifEkdifwJhtcef;u¾uae+yD;awmh xdkufoifhovdk +idrf;csrf;pGm &SmazGoGm;r,f? +idrf;csrf;pGmeJ@ usaemfwdk@&JŒc&D;udk&atmif csDwufr,f? usefwJh tzGJ@tpnf;awG usefwJh tiftm;pkawGuvnf; udk,fhtvkyfudkvkyf+yD;awmh udk,fhwm0ef udk,faus=ur,fvdk@ usaemf arSsmfvifhygw,f”

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ@ etz tusOf;axmifawGxJrSm 14 ESpf 15 ESpf 16ESpf ay;qyf jzwfoef;cJh&olawGjzpfvdk@ olwdk@&ifxJrSm cHjyif;emusnf;pdwfawG/ a'goawG/trkef;w&m;awG/ vufpm;acsvdkpdwfawG jynfhESufaervm;vdk@ ,lqolawG pdk;&drfolawG&Sdaumif;&SdEdkifygw,f?

70


“usaemfwdk@ ay;qyfr_eJ@ ywfoufvdk@uawmh b,facwf b,fumveJ@rSrwlwJhay;qyfr_rsKd; usaemfwdk@ ay;qyfcJhygw,f?

txl;ojzifh usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awGaygh zqyv vufxuf udkvdkeD vufxuf/ rqvvufxufayghaemf axmifESpf&Snf 13 ESpfausmfae&wJh tjzpfrsKd;&Sdr,f rxifcJhbl;ayghaemf/ usaemfwdk@vufxufrSmawmh &SdcJhwmayghaemf?

usaemfwdk@ tJ'Dtay:rSm emusnf;csufwcktaeeJ@awmh aqmif&Gufvdk@&r,frxifbl;ayghaemf/ tem*wf wdkif;jynf aumif;pm;a&;twGufyJ a&SŒ&_+yD;awmh jzpfoifhwJh taetxm;eJ@yJaqmif&Gufzdk@ &Sdygw,f? wwfEkdifoavmuf usaemfwkd@ csD+yD;awmhyJ aqmif&Guf&rSmyg? ESpfzufnSdE_dif;aqG;aEG;r_udkvnf; aqmif&Guf&r,fqdkwJhta=umif;udk usaemf jrifygw,f cifAs”

“usaemfwdk@[m emusifaewJh ESvHk;om;u cHvmwJhtawG; tempdwfudkt&if;cHwJhawG;ac:r_qdkvdk@&Sd&if vrf;a=umif; vJGwwfw,f? 'g[m usaemfwdk@ jzwfoef;vmcJh&wJh udk,fwdkifay;qyfvm+yD;awmh t&if;tESD; }uD;}uD;rm;rm; ay;vm+yD;awmh &vmwJh oifcef;pmyg?

cHpm;csufudk OD;pm;ray;bJeJ@ jzpfoihfjzpfxdkufwmudk a&G;cs,f=uzdk@vdkw,fvdk@ ,lqygw,f?'Dvdkpum;rsKd; ajymwJhae&mrSm wckawmh&SdwmayghAsm? bmvJqkdawmh tjzpfqdk;}uD;atmufrSm tnHhcHtavSsmhay;oGm;wmrsKd;awmh r[kwfbl;cifAs?

'Dvdk tjzpfqdk;awG[m wu,fyJjzpfcJhw,f? a=uuGJp&mawG wu,fyJ =uHKcJhw,f? 'Dvdkr=uHKatmif b,fvdkvkyf=urvJ/ b,fvdkoGm;=urvJ/ tJovdk usaemfwdk@ pOf;pm;wmyg? pOfpm;w,fqdkwJh ae&mrSm tempdwfay:rSm t&if;rcHbJeJ@ tjzpfqdk;udk jyefr=uHK&zdk@ &ifhusufr_udk avhusifh,lr,f?

qdkvdkwmuawmhAsm jy\emawGudk &ifqdkifawG@qHk+yD;awmh aqG;aEG;csifw,f? rjzpfoifhwmrjzpfatmif umuG,f&mvnf; a&mufygw,f? &ifhusufr_udk avhusifh,l&mvnf;usygw,f? 'Dvdkusaemf jrifygw,fAsm”

“'g pdwfxm; trSefyJAs? vlaumif;wdk@&JŒobm0 vl@obm0? +idrf;csrf;a&; pdwf"mwf/nD!Gwfa&; p dwf"mwf / vGwfvyfa&; p dwf"mwfud k wifpm;azm f jywJ h c Hpm;r _y J ? 'gtifrwefaumif;wJh[myJ usaemfvnf; em;axmifw,fav? auseyfw,fAs tJ'g? tJ'Dpdwf"mwft&EkdifiHa&; qufvkyf&rSmyJ”

ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifESpfOD; jzpfwJh udkaZmfrif;eJ@ udkrif;udkEkdifwdk@&JŒajymjycsufeJ@twl8888 ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifawGtay: q&m '*kefwm&m&JŒ rSwfcsufjzpfygw,fvdk@ ajym=um;&if;'Drdkua&pD ta&;wdkufyGJ tqifhqifhrSm udk,fusKd;pGef@ tepfemcH wdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh wdkufyGJ0ifaeqJjzpfwJhausmif;ol ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk OD;!$wf *k%fjyKvkduf&ygw,f cifAsm? ?

(2005 ckESpf rwfvrSm 'Drkdu&ufwpfjrefrmhtoH DVB u xkwfv$ifhcJhwJh tpDtpOfudkjyefvnfazmfjyygw,f?)

(http://oothandar.blogspot.jp rSul;,laz: jyygonf?)

71


EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzJG@u 2011 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dvup+yD; wESpfwdwdw&m;a[mcGi f h y dwfyi f jci f ;c Hc J h&wJ h tcs de fumv jynf ha jrmufoGm; +y D jzp fwJ htwGufa&$n0gq&mawmftm; jyefvnfw&m;a[majymcGifhjyKvdkufa=umif; EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uOuUÏ Aef;armfq&mawmfukd,fwkdif vufrSwfxkd;+yD;xkwfjyefcJhayrJh omoema&;0ef}uD;ÏmeuoHCr[mem,uOuUÏq&mawmf&JŒ vufrSwf[m w&m;r0ifbl;ajymbl;vkd@ajyma=umif;owif;awGzwf&wJhtwGuf OuUÏq&mawmf=uD;ukd,fpm; pdwfraumif;jzpfrdyg w,f?

oHCmha&;&mudpPawGeJ@yufouf&if oHCr[mem,uqkdwm tpkd;&ckdif;wmvkyfay;&wJh([efjyoHCem,u) tzGJŒvkd@ &[ef;&Sif vlawGajymae=umwm[m 'DudpPurSefuefa=umif;oufaocHaeyg+yD? trSefajym&&if oHCr[mem,uq&mawmfawGukd,fpm;vnf; &Sufrdygw,f?oHCmhudpPawGrSm oHCmu vGwfvGwfvyfvyfvkyfyk difcGif hr&S dbJ tpkd;&wm0ef&S dolawGu0ifa&mufjc,fvS,fae wmukd oHCr[mem,uq&mawGu wk%Sdbma0 vkyfae=uwJht wGufoHCmawG ESpfjcrf;uGJatmif vkyfay;aeovkdjzpfaeygw,f?

wu,fawmh a&$n0gq&mawmf&JŒ w&m;yGJawGtydwfcH&wm[m ax&0g'w&m;awmfawGuaeaoGzDvkd@r[kwfbJ rEWav;trsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfrSm w&m;a[m=um;vkd@tydwfcH&w,fqkdwm tm;vkH;od=uygw,f? q&mawmf w&m;a[majymcGifh&w,fqkdvkd@ q&mawmf&JŒwynfhawGeJ@ q&mawmf&Jhw&m;emy&dwfowf 'um'umrawG0rf;omvkd@rqkH;cif tjrifuyfyk'freJhtckvkdw&m;yGJawG xyftydwfcH&wJhoabmyg?

VOA tifwmAsL;wckrSm q&mawmfu tckvkdrdef@=um;oGm;ygw,f?“bkef;}uD;u 11 &uf 12 &ufae@qdk&if w&m;yGJawGudk vufcHxm;w,f? yxrqHk;

=uG&r,f hae&mu wmcs Dvdwf? 'Dwmcs Dvdwfu omoema&; OD;p D;rª;uae w&m;yG Juydwfxm;w,fqdk&if zGifhwJhpmav;vnf; vdkygw,fbk&m;wJh?

tJhvdkeJ@ EdkifiHawmf oHCmhr[mem,u q&mawmf}uD;&JŒ axmufcHcsufvufrSwfuav;&&ifawmh jynfhpHkyg+yDbk&m;qkdawmh wmcsD vdwf+rdKŒe,f omoema&;rª;&JŒ tJh'Dvdk avSsmufxm;csuft&bkef;}uD;u....¶dk;¶dk;uav;yg? 'D 11 &uf 2 v 2012 upI w&m;yGJrsm;udk ArmwjynfvHk; jyefvnf

r[e bmvJ b,fvJ bmvkyfrSmvJ

t&Si fynmeEN

72


a[m=um;vdk@ &yg+yDqdkwJhta=umif;udk vufrSwfoGm;xkd;cd kif;awmh q&mawmf}uD;uvnf;xkd;ay;ygw,f? ol@&JŒpnf;wHqdyfvnf; ¶dkufay;ygw,f? 'gayrJh omoema&;0ef}uD;XmeutJh'Dpm&Guf[m tusHK;r0ifbl;/ w&m;r0ifbl; quf vuf+yD;awmh tpnf;ta0;xkdifqHk;jzwf&OD;rSmjzpfw,f/ qufvufaqmif&Gufr_ rjyKzdk@qkd+yD;awmh tJh'geJ@ wmcsDvdwfudk bkef;}uD;=uGzdk@ tpDtpOfudkbkef;}uD;zsufvdkufw,fav”wJh

tm%mykdifawGuq&mawmf&JŒw&m;yGJawGukd r& &wJhenf;eJhzsufr,fqkdwmuawmhtckvkyf&yfuxif&Sm;aeygw,f?

“use fwJ hw&m;y G JawGvnf; bke f ; }u D ;qDud k z ke f ;qufta=umi f ;y gw,f?oufqkdif&m+rdKŒe,fawGudk ygrpfwifwJhtcgrSm csray;ygbl;vdk@ bkef;}uD;qDudk ta=umif;=um;ygw,f?bkef;}uD;udkyifhxm;wJh tjcm;+rdKŒe,fawG/ wjcm;+rdKŒ&GmawGuvnf; tJh'Dvdk zkef;eJ@ ta=umif;=um;ygw,f? bma=umifhvJvdk@ar;wJhtcgusawmh axmuf=uHh+rdKŒe,fu bkef;}uD;udkyifhxm;wm 'D 2vydkif;xJrSmyJ&Sdw,fav? ae@cif;ydkif;uyJ bkef;}uD;udk ta=umif;=um;ygw,f? q&mawmf 'Duae@wynfhawmfwdk@ ygrpfoGm;wifwJhtcgrSm +rdKŒe,fuae+yD;awmh a&$n0gq&mawmf ygrpfwifvdk@r&bl;?aemufxyf wESpfydwfvkdufw,fvdk@ tJh'Dvdkajymv$wfvdkufygw,fwJh? tJhawmh wynfhawmf wdk@vnf;ygrpfrwifbJeJ@ jyefvm&ygw,fvdk@ zkef;quf+yD; avSsmufvmygw,f? [kwfwm r[kwfwmawmhbkef;}uD;taeeJ@ w&m;0if pm r&ao;wJhtwGuf wdwdusus rod&ao;ygbl;?”

w&m;a[m=um;cGif hvnf;wESpftydwfcHcJ h&+yD; tm%mykdifawGu enf;rsK d;pk HeJ hq&mawmf}uD;ukd ukd,fqif;&J pdwfqif;&Jjzpfatmifvkyf wmvnf;cHcJh&w,fqkdwm tm;vkH;todyg?oHCr[mem,uq&mawmf}uD;awGuk d ¶k daoav;pm;wJ htaeeJ@ a&$n0gausmif;wk dufuqif;ay;ygqkdvkd@ 0efcHuwdvufrSwfvnf; xkd;ay;cJ h&yg+yD? ol@bufu twwfEk difqkH;+idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrff;eJ@ vkdufvkdufavsmavsmvkyf aqmifoGm;wmawG h&ygw,f? tckudpPrSmawmhtm%mykdifawG&Jhvkyf aqmifaer_awG[m vkH;0vufcHEkdifp&mr&Sdovkd tm%mykdif qkdolawG&JŒEkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaewmukd oHCmawGcHae&wmvnf;jzpfygw,f?

ckvkdjzpfaewJhudpPawGeJhyufouf+yD; tusOf;axmifujyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmwJhoHCmawmfawGtwGufvnf;pdwfylp&mjzpfvmygw,f?

oHCr[mem,uOuUÏq&mawmfukd,fwkdifvufrSwfxkd;+yD; w&m;a[mcGifhjyKcGifhjyKa=umif;pmxkwfjyefc J hwmawmif omoema&; 0ef }uD;Ïmeu todtrSwfrjyK / w&m;r0ifbl;ajymqkdaew,fqkdawmh OuUÏq&mawmf}uD;ukdapmfum;ovkdrsKd;vkd oufa&muf aeygw,f?

oHCmawGuk d tm%myk di fawGu b,fvkdoabmxm;w,fqk dwm&Sif;aeyg+yD?t&Suf&p&mjzpfaeyg+yD? jynfol@v$wfawmfOuUÏ=uD; OD;a&$ref;uawmh jynfolawG&JŒtoHawGukdem;axmif+yD; vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwmawGukd ajymqkdvkyfukdifae+yDvkd@=um;od&ygw,fbk&m;?q&mawmf=uD;awGtaeeJ@vnf; wynfhoHCmawG&J htoHawGukdem;axmif+yD; t&Sdukd t&Sdtwkdif;/trSefukd trSeftwkdif; owWd&Sd&SdeJ@ ajymqkdzkd@ tcsdefa&mufae+yDjzpfa=umif; avsmufxm;ygw,fbk&m;?? t&Si fynmeEN

azz0g&D / 09 / 2012(rdk;rcrD'D,mrS)

73


(u)ppftm%m&Sifpepfzsufodrf;a&;/ =um;jzwftpdk;&rSwqifh vlxktpdk;&ay:xGef;a&;/

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21&mpk. yxr q,fpkESpfumvwav#mufvHk; ArmjynfwGif EldifiHa&; tiftm;pkrsm;uawmif;qdkvmcJh=uonf? &efol ppftkyfpkESif vlxkwyfOD;. ae&mwGif ,lxm;aom tifeft,f'D(NLD)wdk@. orifvdkuftu uaeonfh umv? wenf;tm;jzifh &efol. ajcr_ef;a&; ppfzdeyfatmufwGif'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm; tvl;tvJ cHaeonfhumv? b0aygif;rsm;pGm usdK;a=uaeonfh umv?&efolu vlxktm; ppfu|efcHa&;twGuf y&d,m,fjzifh ppfzdeyfatmuf oGwfoGif;a&; twGufqufvuf jrLqG,faeonfh umv? a&S@rwdk; aemufrqkwf El di fiHa&;wdk;wufrSK r&S dyJa&aojzpfaeonfhumv? xdkumvwGif EdkifiHa&; tajymif;tvJudk tem*gwf tdyfruftjzpfrufcJh=uonf?

wu,fu &efolzufqpftkyfpku tm%gESif h yd kifqdkifrSKrsm;/ udk,fusdK;pD;yGm;ESif htwdkif;tqr&Sd &&dSaeaom udk,fusdK;tcGifhta&;rsm; wnfwef@cdkifjrJa&;twGuf [email protected];jyajryHkt& ppfu|efjyKa&; zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk/ uvdefusonfh a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf wqifhjyD; wqifhjyi fqif [efa&;jyaeonf humv? xd kpOfr SmyJ E d li fi Ha&;tajymif;tvJ a0g[m&onfvd_if;=uufcGwfrsm;tjzpf EdlifiHa&; a&aoxJwGif v_dif;abmifbifcwfvmcJhonf?

vGwfvyfa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ wef;wlnDr#a&;/ jidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf &kef;uefv_yf&Sm;rSKwdkufyGJrsm;rSm rjyD;qHk;ao;? EdkifiHa&; tajymif;tvJonf vlxkay:wGifwnfrSDvsuf&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh(txl;ojzifh)EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;rSKudk acgif;aqmifae=uonfh EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;wGif ydkIyifwnfrSDvsuf&Sdonf?

(c)e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;/ vGwfvyfa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh jidrf;csrf;a&;

wdkif;jynf.ydkifqdkifrSK

armi fpdk;csdef

74


twGuf vlxkbufwGif &yfwnfum wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonfh q&m}uD; ocifudk,fawmfrd_if;onfajymif;vJypf&rnfh acwfa[mif;/ pepfa[mif;ESifh ajymif;vJypfEdlifpGrf;onfh tiftm;}uD;rm;aomvlxkudk Todk@&_jrifcJhonf?

acwfumv. tqdk;taumif;rSm vlwdk@. vufwGif;wGif &Sdonf? tdk;xdrf;. vufwGif;&Sd&$H@ap;uJhodk@ acwfumvrSmrl vlwdk@. jyKjyif&m jzpfayonf? vltayif;wdk@ vHk@v/ 0D&d,? Om%fynmtar#mftjrif ao;auG;aom tcgrsm;Y acwfnHhacwfqdk;rsm; jzpfwwfayonf? vlwdk@ vHkv / 0D&d,/Om%fynm }uD;rm;cd ki fc H haomtcgrsm;wGif a&$r d k ; aiGr d k ; apG jz d K ;& GmoGef;onf h twd ki f;tvGefaumif;jrwfaom acwf}uD;rsm; jzpfvm&a=umif;udk a&S;a[mif;&mZ0if tpOftvmrsm;Yxif&Sm;awG@jrif=u&ayonf? xdk@a=umifh acwfqdk;v#if acwfudk tjypfrqdkom? xdkacwfwGif &Sdaomvlwdk@udkom tjypfqdkp&m jzpfaoma=umifh igwdk@acwftwGuf igwdk@wm0efaywum;[krsm;rsm;}uD;ESvHk;oGif;tyfayonf?

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armi fpdk;csdefZEN0g&D 15 /2012

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79


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(Popular News Journal 23/ 02/ 2012 rSul;,laz: jyygonf?)

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*sme,favmuwGif wpfzufowfvd kuf a&;om;aom ta&;tom;rsm; jynfol@a&SŒrSuG,faysmufoGm;a&;twGuf ,ck E d ki fi Hawmftpd k ;&tzG J @opf pwifwm0ef,lcs de fr Spjyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeu vGwfvyfr_ESifh wm0ef,lr_&Sdaom/ vGwfvyfr_ESifh qifjcifwHkw&m;&SdaompmayESifh pme,fZif;orm;rsm; jzpfvmap&ef wm0efodr_/ wm0ef,lr_wdk@jzifh aqmif&Guf=u&ef/pmaypdppfa&;rlrsm; owfrSwfppfaq; =uyfrwfvsuf&Sda=umif;/ tem*wfwGif yHkESdyfOya'ESihftnDay:aygufvmrnhf Press Council uJhodk@ tzGJ@tpnf;rsKd;jzifh qufvuf xdef;ausmif;oGm;rnfjzpfygw,f” vdk@ jyefvnfajz=um;oGm;cJhygw,f?

owi f;orm;ppfppf [kwf&JŒvm;'Dtar;eJ@ 'Dtajzud k =unhf jcif;tm;jzif h r=umciftwGif; rD' D,mOya'qdkwm

wpfckay:aygufvmzdk@&Sda=umif; odEdkifw,f? tJ'Drwkdifcifuvnf; rD'D,mOya' a&;qGJa&;eJ@ywfouf+yD;jynfwGif;jynfy owif;rD'D,morm;awG yg0ifwufa&mufaqG;aEG;wJh aqG;aEG;yGJawG usif;ycJh=uw,f?jynfy owif;rD'D,morm;trnfcHwcsKdŒu rD'D,mOya'twGuf t=uHay;csufawG wifjy=uwmvnf;awG@&w,f? rD'D,mudk csKyfudkifzdk@ a&;qGJwJhOay'udk rD'D,morm;awG udk,fwkdifyg0ifaqG;aEG;t=uHay; =uw,fqd kawmh awmfawmftH h =ordw,f? owif;r D' D,morm;ppfpp fawGr S[kwf& J Œvm;vd k @vnf; tawG;a&mufr dw,f? ud k,f hvnfyif;ud k p Gy fr,f h }ud K ;uGi f ;ud k

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udk,fwdkif0ifuspfay;wmeJ@ rwlbl;vm;?

Oya'qdkwm csKyfudki fzdk@Oya'qdkwm b,fOya'yJjzpfjzpf/ wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;udk csKyfudkifzdk@ csrSwfwmjzpfw,f?

'Drdkua&pD&JŒ tESpfom&u vlawGudk wkwfaESmifxm;wJh aESmif}udK;tm;vHk;u vGwfuif;a&; jzpfw,f?owif;orm;rSef&if b,fvdk csKyfydkifr_rsKd;udkrqdk qef@usif&r,f? ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pDjzpfzdk@twGufrvdkvm;tyfwJh jynfolvlxkudk aESmif}udK;wnf;wJhOya'awGudk y,fzsuf+yD; r&Sdrjzpfxm;zdk@vdktyfwJhOya'awGudkom xm;&SdusifhoHk;&rSm jzpfw,f? owif;rD'D,mudk xdef;csKyfwJh Oya'/ yk'frawG tckudkrenf;vSygbl;? wcsKdŒu rv_yfom r&Sufomatmif wif;usyfvGef;vdk@ ajzavSsmhoifh+yD;/ wcsKdŒusawmh'Drdkua&pD&JŒ tESpfom&eJ@ qef@usifzufjzpfaevdk@ vHk;0 zsufodrf;ypfoifhw,f?

}udKufovdk csJŒum;vdk@&acwftqufquf owif;orm;awG trsm;qHk;&ifqdkif&wJh toa&zsufr_ Oya'/

tpd k;&udk t=unfndKysufapr_ Oya'/ qlylr_ jzpfatmif v_ H@aqmfr_Oya'/ tckacwfay:tDvufxa&mepfOya' qdkwmawGu yHk}uD;csJŒcsif&if }udKufovdkcsJŒum;+yD; tr_vkyfvkd@ &ygw,f?vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf pm;0wfaea&; =uyfwnf;a=umif;/ bmwpfckrSaumif;wmrawG@&a=umif;/ csrf;omolawGuawmh oef;axmifcsD+yD; csrf;omae=ua=umif;/ajym¶d k;ajympOf ESpfud k,f=um;ajymqdkaerd=uwmudk ab;pm;yG JrSm&S dwJ h vlwpfa,mufutpdk;&qef@usifaea&;awG ajymaewm=um;cJha=umif; oGm;+yD;wdkif=um;vdkuf&if csufcsif;zrf;csKyf+yD;ppfaq;cH&w,f? yHk}uD;csJŒ+yD; tpdk;&t=unfndKysufapr,fhpum;awG ajymw,f/ ab;uvlawG=um;EdkifwJhtwGuf qlylatmif v_@@Haqmfygw,fvdk@ pGJcsufwifEkdifw,f? rdwfaqGcsif; tD;ar;vfeJ@ pmydk@+yD;nnf;rdwmudkvnf; tDvufxa&mepfyk'fr wyf+yD; zrf;Edkifw,f?

vGwfvyfa&;pdwfudk csKd;ESdrfzdowfzkd@vuf&SdusifhoHk;aewJh r_cif;qdkif&m/ w&m;rqdkif&m Oya'awG tm;vHk;avmufeD;yg;u udkvdkeD

tpd k ;&acwfu wd ki f ;ol jynfom;rsm;& J Œ vGwfvyfa&;p dwf"mwfud k c s K d ;E S dr fz dowfz d k @a&;qGJcsrSwfcJh=uwmawG jzpfw,f? jynfolvlxkudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufzdk@ a&;cJhwm r[kwfygbl;?'ga=umifh tcktcsdefrSm tJ'Dvdk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; vufeufoufoufjzpfaewJh Oya' yk'frawGudk

'Dtar;eJ@ 'Dtajzudk=unhfjci f;tm;jzi fh r=umci ftwGi f; rD'D,mOya'qdkwm wpfckay:aygufvmzdk@&Sda=umif;odEdki fw,f? tJ'Drwkdi fci fuvnf; rD'D,mOya' a&;qGJa&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; jynfwGif;jynfy owif;rD'D,morm;awG

yg0i fwufa&mufaqG;aEG;wJh aqG;aEG;yGJawG usif;ycJh=uw,f? jynfy owif;rD'D,morm;trnfcHwcsKdŒurD'D,mOya'twGuf t=uHay;csufawG wifjy=uwmvnf; awG@&w,f? rD'D,mudk csKyfudki fzdk@ a&;qGJwJhOay'udk

rD'D,morm;awG udk,fwkdi fyg0i faqG;aEG; t=uHay;=uw,fqdkawmh awmfawmftHh=ordw,f?owif;rD'D,morm;ppfppfawGrS [kwf&JŒvm;vdk@vnf; tawG;a&mufrdw,f? udk,fhvnfyif;udk pGyfr,fh}udK;uGi f;udk

udk,fwdki f0i fuspfay;wmeJ@ rwlbl;vm;?

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¶kyfodrf;zdk@ avsmhcszdk@ tm;vHk;0dkif;0ef; }udK;pm;&rSm jzpfygw,f? 'DvdktcsdefrsKd;rSm owif;rD'D,mawGudkcsKyfudkifzd k@&nf&G,fwJh rD'D,mOya'rsK d; oGwfoGif;rvmoifhygbl;? ESpfaygif;ig;q,fausmfowif;orm;vkyfvmolwpfa,muftaeeJ@ owif;rD'D,mudk csKyfudkifr,hf b,fvdk tpDtrHrsKd;rqdkqef@usifuef@uGufygw,f?

vufcHEkdi frSm r[kwfowif;orm;wdk@vdkufem&r,fh usifh0wfpnf;urf;awGqdkwmvnf; owif;orm;awG

ud k,fwd ki f aqG;aEG;wd ki fyi f a&;qG J&rSm jzpfw,f? q&m0efawGtwGuf usif h0wfud kq&m0efr[kwfolawGudk a&;cdkif;vdk@ rjzpfygbl;? q&m0efawGudk,fwdkifa&;rS t"dy`m,f&Sdygw,f?tJ'ga=umifh vHk;0vGwfvyfwJh owif;pmq&mtoif;wdk@/ owif;axmuftoif;wdk@ ay:xGufvmzdk@t&ifqHk; vkyf&ygr,f? 'gudkrvkyfbJeJ@ owif;rD'D,musifh0wf pnf;urf;a&;qGJwm jzpfjzpf/r D' D,mOya' jyXmef;wmjzpf jzpf / atmif jrifvmzG,f r&S dygbl;? bma=umif hvJqd kawmhb,fvdkowif;orm;ppfppfrsKd;rS vufcHEdkifrSm r[kwfvdk@yg?

(qifqm tjzKwfcH&wJh aqmif;yg;yg?05/ 03/ 2012 xkwf Weekly Eleven Journal twGuf a&;cJhwm jzpfygw,f?)

Oya'qdkwm b,fOya'yJjzpfjzpf/ wdki f;oljynfom;rsm;udk csKyfudki fzdk@ csrSwfwmjzpfw,f? 'Drdkua&pD&JŒtESpfom&u vlawGudk wkwfaESmi fxm;wJh aESmi f}udK;tm;vHk;u vGwfuif;a&; jzpfw,f? owif;orm;rSef&i fb,fvdk csKyfydki fr_rsKd;udkrqdk qef@usi f&r,f? ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pDjzpfzdk@twGuf rvdkvm;tyfwJh jynfolvlxkudk

aESmi f}udK;wnf;wJhOay'awGudk y,fzsuf+yD; r&Sdrjzpfxm;zdk@vdktyfwJh Oya'awGudkom xm;&Sdusi fhoHk;&rSmjzpfw,f? owif;rD'D,mudk xdef;csKyfwJh Oya'/ yk'frawG tckudk renf;vSygbl;? wcsKdŒu rv_yfom

r&Sufomatmif wi f;usyfvGef;vdk@ ajzavSsmhoi fh+yD;/ wcsKdŒusawmh 'Drdkua&pD&JŒ tESpfom&eJ@qef@usi fzufjzpfaevdk@ vHk;0 zsufodrf;ypfoifhw,f?

vlxkpdef0i f;

87


rD'D,m zG@HjzdK;wdk;wufapcsifw,f/ pwkwˆr¾dKif =uHhcdkifapcsifw,fqdk&if/ rD'D,mzGH@jzdK;wdk;wufatmif/ vkyfudkifEdkifwJh tajctaeudk zefwD;ay;zdk@yJ jzpfw,f? rD'D,mawGudk xyfjyD;awmhcsKyfudkifzdk@ rvkyfoihfbl;

jyef=um;a&;0ef=uD;XmeESihf ukvor*~ ynma&;/ odyHESihf ,Ofaus;r_tzGJ@ (UNESCO)

wdk@ yl;aygif;jyD; Conference on Media Development in Myanmar tvkyf¶Hk aqG;aEG;yGJudkrwfv 19&ufESihf 20&ufae@wGif &efukefjrdKŒ&Sd csmx&D,rf [dkw,fY jyKvkyfcJhygonf?

tqdkyg tvkyf¶Hk aqG;aEG;yGJtay: tjrifrsm;ESihf tpdk;&rS a&;qGJjyÏmef;&ef jyifqifaeaomyHkESdyfrD'D,mOya'ESihf ywfoufjyD; 0g&ihf owif;pmq&m vlxkOD;pdef0if;tm; ar;jref;xm;cJhonfrsm;udkazmfjyvdkufygonf?

ar; - rwfv 19/ 20 rSm Conference on Media Development in Myanmar

tvkyf¶HkaqG;aEG;yGJudk &efukefrSm vkyfcJhygw,f? vkyfwJhtcgrSm jynfwGif;u vlwpfcsdKŒudk ac:w,f?jynfyu vlwpfcsdKŒudk ac:w,f? jyef=um;a&; 0ef=uD;XmeeJ@ UNESCO wdk@ yl;aygif;jyD; vkyfcJhw,f?EdkifiHwum rD'D,m axmufyHha&;tzGJ@(IMS) vnf; ygw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? wyfxm;wJhacgif;pOfuawmh Media Development in Myanmar vdk@ qdkygw,f?

owif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm azmfjycJhwmuawmh aqG;aEG;yGJu &vmwJh t=uHjyKcsufawGudk yHkESdyfrD'D,m Oya'twGuf 'kwd,rl=urf; a&;qGJwJhae&mrSm xnhfoGif;r,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;=uygw,f?tck yHkESdyfrD'D,m Oya'twGuf 'kwd,rl=urf; a&;qGJwJhtcgrSm ydkjyD;jynhfpHkatmif jynfwGif;/jynfyuvlawGudk zdwfac: jyD; tckvdkrsdK; Conference vkyfwm jzpfw,fvdk@ jyef=um;a&;0ef=uD;urZsd…drowif;Xme tifwmAsL;rSm ajzxm;wm zwf&ygw,f? q&mh tjrifua&m b,fvdk&SdygovJ?

ajz - q&mvnf; 'D[mudk zwf=unhfvdkufw,f? zwf=unhfvdkufawmh Conference

acgif;pOfu bmvJqdkawmh Media Development in Myanmar / jrefrm rD'D,mavmuzGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&; qdkwJhacgif;pOfeJ@ vkyfwmjzpfw,f? vmjyD; awmh zwf=um;wJh jynfyuyk*~dKvfawGuvnf; rD'D,mzGH@jzdK; wdk;wufa&;twGufyJ ajymoGm;=uygw,f? Media Law qdkwmutpdk;&bufu zwfwJh pmwrf;awGrSmyJ oGm;ygw,f?

tJ'Dawmh 'D Conference [m a&mifawmfjyefeJ@ a&mwJh Conference vdk@yJ q&muowfrSwfw,f? rD'D,m Oya'awG/ Oya'trsdK;rsdK;eJ@ olwdk@u xdef;csKyfzdk@ vkyfudkif=uw,f? Oya'qdkwJhoabmudku xdef;csKyfzdk@yJ? jynfolawG&JŒ vGwfvyfcGihfawG/ xdef;csKyfzdk@twGuf wnfqJtpdk;&wnfwnfjidrfjidrfeJ@ &Sdzdk@/ olwdk@ tm%mwnfjrJzdk@twGuf aemuf jynf olvlxkudk csKyfudkifxm;zdk@zdESdyfxm;zdk@vkyfwJh Oya'awG jzpfw,f?

Oya'awG[m r&Sdvnf; raumif;/ &Sdvnf; raumif; oabmaqmifw,f? r&Sdvdk@vnf;rjzpfbl;? odk@aomf &Sd&ifvnf;yJ vdkwmxufydkjyD; rsm;vm&ifvnf; raumif;bl;? Oya'tenf;qHk;&SdwJh EdkifiH[m at;csrf;om,mrSmyJ? Oya' trsm;qHk;&SdwJh EdkifiH[m b,fawmhrS at;csrf;om,mr_r&Sdbl;?

0g&ihf owif;pmq&m vlxkOD;pdef0if;ESihf awG hqHkjcif;

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jyef=um;a&; 0ef=uD;XmetaeeJ@u olwdk@ajymovdk rD'D,m zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufapcsifw,f?pwkwˆr¾dKif =uHhcdkifapcsifw,fqdk&if rD'D,mzGH@jzdK;wdk;wufatmif vkyfEdkifudkifEdkifwJh tajctaeudk0ef=uD;XmetaeeJ@u zefwD;ay;zdk@yJ jzpfw,f? rD'D,mawGudk xyfjyD;awmh csKyfudkifzdk@ rvkyfoihfbl;?

bma=umihf rvkyfoihfvJqdkawmh &SdwJh Oya'awGudku odyfrsm;aeygjyD? toa&zsufr_/tpdk;&udk t=unfndKysufapr_ / qlylatmif vH_Œaqmf pnf;¶Hk;r_/ tDvufxa&mepf tuf Oya'/¶Hk;awmfudk t=unfndK ysufapr_ ponftm;jzihf Oya'awGu trsm;=uD; &Sdygw,f? tJ'D Oya'awGudkvdkcsifovdk qGJqef@vdk@vnf; &w,f? =udKufovdk us,fatmif yHk=uD;csJŒvdk@vnf; &w,f?

tJ'Dvdk vkyfcJh=uvdk@vnf;yJ a&S;acwftqufqufuvnf;yJ owif;pmawG toa&zsufr_eJ@ w&m;pGJcH&wmawG/ yk'fr 5eJ@ csdwfydwfcH&wmawG/ tzrf;cH&wmawG trsm;=uD; &SdcJhw,f?wu,fwef; owif;vGwfvyfcGihf&Sdrs pwkwˆr¾dKif [m =uHhcdkifr,f? owif;vGwfvyfcGihf r&Sdbl;/

trSefw&m;udk azmfxkwfvdk@ r&bl;qdk&if pwkwr¾dKif qdkwmvnf;yJ tajymyJ &Sdr,f?vufawG@ bmrS r&S dbl;? vlwdkif; vGwfvyfpGm ajym=um;cGih f / vGwfvyfpGm a&;om;cGih f /rdrd,Hk=unfcsufudk vGwfvyfpGm udkifpGJxm;cGihf/ vGwfvyfpGm pnf;¶Hk;vH_ŒaqmfcGihfqdkwmawGudktajcc HOya'uae tmrcHcsuf ay;xm; jy D ;om;? vlom;wd ki f ; c Hpm;&r,h f tajcc Hvl@tcGihfta&;jzpfw,f?

tck rD'D,mOya'awG vkyfjcif;[m 'DtajccHOya'udk qef@usif&mvnf; usw,f?tajccHOya'u ay;xm;wJh tcGihfta&;udk wjcm;b,folurS ydwfyifwm;qD;vdk@ r&bl;?tajccHOya'[m wdkif;jynfrSm tm%mt&SdqHk; jzpfw,f? tajccHOya'u ay;xm;wJh[mudk ydwfyifwm;qD;vkyfvdk@&Sd&if ydwfyifwm;qD; cH&olawGu w&m;pGJvdk@&w,f?

'g tajccHOya'udk rav;pm; rvdkufemr_ EdkifiHom;awG&JŒtcGihfta&;udk csdK;azmuf&ef=uHpnfr_eJ@ w&m;pGJvdk@&w,f? tck&dSaewJh rD'D,mOya' tygt0if tDvufxa&mepf Oya'wdk@bmwdk@ tpdk;&udk t=unfndKysufapwJhwdk@ pwJh Oya'awGtm;vHk;uawmh jynfolawGudk zdEdSyfcsKyfcs,fwJhOya'awGjzpfw,f ²²²

ar;- jyef=um;a&;0ef=uD; ajymoGm;wJh txJrSmawmh topf jyefvnfa&;qGJaewJhyHkESdyfrD'D,mOya'[m pme,fZif;vGwfvyfcGihfudk ydwfyifwm;qD;zdk@ r[kwfbl;/ pme,fZif; vGwfvyfcGihfudkrSefrSefuefuef oHk;Edkifzdk@ vkyfaewmvdk@ ajymygw,f?

aemufjyD; rD'D,mOya'udk pwif uef@uGufpOfu rD'D,mOya'orm;awG ajymcJh=uwJhEdkifiHwum vl@tcGihfta&; a=unmpmwrf; Article 19 yg tcGihfta&;awGtwdkif; vkyfzdk@ajymcJhwmawGudkvnf; jyefvnf acsycJhwm zwf&ygw,f?

Oyrm Article 19 udk oHk;wJhtcg Article 29 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh tcsufudk owdxm;zdk@qdkjyD; ajymvmygw,f? 'DvdkajymvmwJh tay:rSma&m q&mhtjrifu b,fvdk&SdygovJ?

ajz - vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmf ajym=um;cGihf qdkuwnf;u pum;vHk;u &Sif;aejyDav? 'gvGwfvyfcGihf yJ?

tJ'D vGwfvyfpGm ajym=um;cGihfudk xdef;csKyfw,f qdkuwnf;udku 'Dxdef;csKyfwJh Oya'[mrSm;aejyD? zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk csdK;azmuf&m usw,f? rav;pm;&m usw,f?

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vufwpfvHk;jcm; vkyfjyD;awmh udk,fvdkcsif&m qGJwJhoabm a&mufw,f? q&mhtaeeJ@uawmh 'gudkvHk;0vufrcHbl;?

'g[m vHk;0zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk usL;ausmf apmfum;r_vdk@yJ owfrSwfw,f?rD'D,morm; wpfa,muftaeeJ@uawmh rD'D,mudk csKyfudkifzdk@vkyfwJh pnf;urf;Oya' rSeforSsudkqef@usif&rSmyJ? 'Dvdk qef@usifwm bma=umihfvJqdk&if pwkwr¾dKif yDoapcsifvdk@? pwkwr¾dKifyDyDoo xGef;um;rS tJ'Dwdkif;jynf[mvnf;yJ at;at;csrf;csrf; omom,m,meJ@ xGef;um;wdk;wufvmEdkifw,f?

pwkwr¾dKif arSmifcsoGm;jyDqdk&if wdkif;jynfwpfckvHk; arSmifcswmeJ@ twlwlyJ? 'ga=umihf

pwkwˆr¾dKif udk arSmifcswJh Oya'rSeforSsud k q&muawmh uef@uGufw,f?tJ'Dawmhowif;rD'D,mawGudk rcsKyfudkif&bl;vm;vdk@ ar;p&m &Sdw,f? r[kwfygbl;? csKyfudkif&r,f?

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99


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100


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t,fEl;&m ( L.NOORA )

101


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102


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103


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104


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eef;=umndKwdk@nDtrudk touf&SifvsufESifhxm; &pfcJhonfudku xl;jcm;aomuHw&m;jzpfaecJhonf/ ,if;wdk@onf ol.atmifyGJrsm;jzpfonf/ aoewf/ &mxl;/ tm%m onft&m&mudkaiGu zefwD;onfqdkonfh pum;udk tpm;xdk;ypfvdkufonf/ aoewf/ tm%m/ &mxl;wdk@onf wefcdk;pGrf;tif}uD;rm;a=umif; wyGJ+yD;wyGJ atmifyGJ&cJhonfh atmifyGJrsm;u oltm;ydk@csoif=um;cJhavonf/oufaoxlcJhonf?

(C)ol@pdwfwGif cdkatmif;aeaom tpGJtvef;rsm; b0&kyfum;csyfrsm;u w&dyf&dyfwzswfzswf

ay:xGufvm&mrSol@ tm;appm;aecJhonf/ rdcifudk owd&vGrf;wpdwf/ ZeD;ESifhorD;om;wdk@udk vGrf;wpdwfu tcdk;taiG@r[kwfyJ tiftm;aumif;aom &kyf0wKozG,f pdwf"gwfjzpfvmcJhonf/ ppfAdkvfonf ol.ajy;vrf;ay:wGif tvsift[kefjzifhajy;v$m;aecJhonf/ awmawmifjrpfacsmif;rsm;/ v,fuGif;ESifh aus;vuf+rdK@jyrsm;udk ausmfvGef+yD; avjyif;wdrfwdkufrsm;ES,f jzwfoef;vmcJhonf?

tdrf0wGif tarmqdk@aecJhonf/ ig;ESpfom;t&G,f zkef;jrifhvif;ESifh ESpfESpft&G,fpum;wwfaomcspfp&mydkaumif;aom orD;uav; rdk;olZmvif;wdk@udkawG@&onf/ ajymifvufacsmarG@aom=urf;ysOfay:wGif ajy;v$m;aqmhupm;ae=uqJ/ ppfAdkvfonf tarmwacgjzifh orD;av;udkayG@csDvdkufonf/ rdk;olZmvif;um; ol@vufxJwGif ygrvm ol@vufESpfzufonfavxJrSm yJusef&pfaecJhonfol@ZeD; pENmat;[efudk rsufESmjcif;qdkifvdkufonf/ AdkvfrSL;csLyfat;[efESifh a':,kZewdk@. orD; pENmat;[ef orD;av;udk ikHIayG@zufaeonfhZeD;onf pENmat;[efudk odrf;ayG@vdkufaomfvnf; rodrf;ayG@rdyJvGJoGm;jyefonf?

Ak'<&kyfyGm;awmfa&S@odk@ aomufawmfa& uyfv_&ef o,f,lvmaeonfh rdcifxHtajy;oGm;aecJhonf vsyfwysufwGif wkef@ueJ&yfvdkufonf/ rdcifrsufESmudk jyKH;I=unfhvdkufonf/ rdcif.rsufvkH;tpkHudk pl;pdkuf=unfhrdonf?

“vljzpfvmawmh vlpdwfarG;&r,fuGJ@om;&J@/ vl&rf;um; t&dkif;tpdkif;jzpfatmif aoG;wdk@

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v_H@aqmfaecJhwJh tm%mawG/ aoewfawGudk rudk;uG,feJ@/ ppfwyfu ppfAdkvfawG&J@ t&kdif;tpdkif;p&dkufawGudkvkH;0 twkrcdk;eJ@/ tm;rusaveJ@om;/ vlxkua=uG;wJhxrif;udk pm;+yD;xrif;&Sif toufocifudk apmfum;zdk@rajymeJ@ pdwfeJ@awmifrypfrSm;&bl;uGJ@/ om;tJ'Dr[mtrSm;awGudk usL;vGefrd+yDqdk&if om;udkarG;wJh rdcifzcifawG[mvJ vlr[kwfawmhbl;jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ txl;ojzifh vlpifppfawGjzpfwJh rdbESpfyg;udk vljzpfatmifvkyfay;zdk@u om;&J@wm0efyJuGJ@”

rdcif. =o0g' pum;vkH;rsm;onf rdcif.ESvkH;tdrfrSwqifh rsufvkH;rsm;wGif cwfESdyfvsufom;ay:xGufvmcJhonf/ ppfAdkvfonf xdkpum;vkH;udk owdw&jyefzwfrdoGm;onf/ pum;vkH;topftqef;rsm;r[kwf/ vGefcJhonfh ESpfrsm;pGmu pum;vkH;rs;omjzpfaecJhonf/ rd_wufaeaompum;vkH;rsm;rSm EGHepfaeaom ywWjrm;yGifhrsm;omjzpfonf?

“tarom;a&mufvm+yDav a[m'DrSmom;}uD;av om;udkrjrifcsifa&mifaqmifaea&mhovm;tar”

aoewf/ tm%m/ &mxl; npfnrf;EGHv$mrsm;atmufwGif aysmufuG,fESpfjrKyfaeonfhrdcifudk &kwfw&ufowd&vmcJjhcif;jzpfonf? cvkwfxdrS trdwrdonfqdkonfh pum;ykHonf ppfAdkvfuJhodk@aom vlpm;rsm;twGuf jzpfcJhykH&onf/ rdcifa':ESif;okefonf t&dyfwckudk 0ifa&mufwdk;wdkufrdouJhodk@jzpfoGm;onf/ wkef@qdkif;,drf;&kdifoGm;onf/ aomufawmfa&zefcGufESifha=uGyk*Hjym;onf/vGwfusoGm;+yD/ ay:vpfa&mifajymifvufcef@oef@aeaom =urf;ysOfay:wGif a&pufrsm;jyef@usJvGifhpifaeouJhodk@ rSefpzefp a=uGyk*HuGJprsm;onf v$ifhpifjyef@usJukefonf/ rdcif}uD;onf orD;ac|;rudk“rl;vdkufwmuG,f” ppfAdkvfu tarætar [kwwGwfwGwf atmfac:&if;tarhudk ajy;IayG@onfxyfI xyfIyif ayG@ydkufcsDraecJhonf/ avudkaxG;ayG@rdvsufom;jzpfaecJhonf?

wdkufyGJwnf&Sd&m jruf&kdif;awm aoG;tdkifxJwGif vJ+ydKaecJh&mrS ppfAdkvfonf “tarætar”[kwpmpmv_ dufvS Jac:iif&if; & kwfcsnf;x&yf&ef }ud K ;pm;tm;xkwfaerdonf/&kef;xvdkufjyefonf/ “usm;xkd;=uæa&S@wuf usm;xdk;=ua[h æusm; æusm;”[ktrdef@ay;[pfa=uG;&if; ,drf;&kdifxlx aepOf awmfvSefa&;&Jabmfrsm;. aoewfoHrsm;onf v#yfwysufay:xGufvmcJhonf/ ppfAdkvf. udk,fcEWm tESH@uvsm;odk@ usnfqHrsm; 0ifpl;cJhavonf/ usnfzl;usnfqHrsm;.qkH;rcef;wGif ppf Adkvfonf toufaysmufcJhavonf?

a=umydk;tdwfxJrSm &rfrft&ufykvif;onfvnf; ppfAdkvfuJhodk@yif acsr_ef;cHvdkuf&onf/tydkif;ydkif;tpp jzpfoGm;onf/ a=umydk;tdwfxJ&Sd rSwfpkpmtkyfxJwGif nSyfxm;onfh eef;=umndKwdk@nDtr."gwfykHonf &rfrfykvif;rS xGuftHvsHusvmonfh tol&mt&uftdkifxJwGif yufvufvefaeonf/ usnfzl;wzl;u "gwfykHum;csyfxJrS eef;=umndKudkyg xdrSefazmufxGif;oGm;cJh+yD; jzpfaecJhavonf?

armi fpdk;csdefEdk0i fbm 15 /2011

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Tpmtkyfonf pma&;q&mr karen

connelly . rl&if;pmtkyfwtkyfjzpf+yD;pmzwfolrsm; tm; tvGeftrif;

zwfapcsifaom qENa=umifh }uKd;pm;wifjyvkdufygonf? Tpmtkyftm;zwfapjcif;jzifh jref rmEkdifiHtwGif;

tkyfcsKyfrif;rlaeaom ppftpkd;&. vufxufwGif jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@ rnfa&G@rnfr#xdvl@tcGifh ta&; qkH;&_H;ae+yD;

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rnfuJhokd qif;&J'kuQcH&Ippftpkd;&. vlrqefr_rsm;ukd

uGufuGufuGif;uGif; odjrif&rnf jzpfygonf?

tcef;quftjzpf azmfjyoGm;ygrnf?

tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* tvif;tdrfr* ~Zif;~Zif;~Zif;~Zif;~Zif;

bmomjyef tcef;quf

,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf ,cifvrStquf tdrfajrSmifavSmiftdrf tcef; ( 50)

”r[kwfygbl; q&m? usaemfukd,fwkdifvnf; 'Daumifav;ukd aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;jyD;yg

jyD? 'Daumifav;ukd pGyfpGJjyD; &rf;um;aewmukd b,folrSvnf; em;vnfrSm r[kwfbl;q&m? axmifrSL;nGef@a0OD;[m a'goawG t&rf;xaejyD; aoaocsmcsm rqkH;jzwfEkdifbl;xifygw,f? rSefrSefuefuef rpOf;pm;Ekdifwwfbl;? 'grS r[kwf&if olt&ufaomufxm;jyD; &rf;um;wmvnf; jzpfekdifygw,fq&m? “

av;av;eufeuf ajymwJh oabmrsKd;a&mufatmif toHukd wnfwnfjidrfjidrfESifh rsufESmxm; wnfwnfESifhajymaeawmh ol@ukd vlawGu trSefwu,fawGajymaewmbJvkd@ xif&w,f?'g[m axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdif&J@ ynmwckjzpfw,f? ol@pum;u ykdxda&muf apw,f? xyfjyD;awmhaxmifykdif=uD;ukd ” 'Daumifav;[m ol@ukd &kdufjyD;ppfaq;aewJhta=umif;t&if;ukd olbmrSrodbl;q&m? tck odyfa=umufvef@aew,f? ykdqkd;wmu nGef@a0OD;zsufqD;vkdufvkd@ aumifav;&J@ tdrfav;vnf; ysufpD;oGm;jyDq&m?

axmifykdif=uD;u ukdcspfEkdiftm; ” at; -- rif;trSefawGajymaew,fqkdwm igodw,f?“

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ajym&if; pm;yGJay:rSm &SdaewJh axmifrSL;ukdvlacsm wkdifwef;xm;wJh pm&GufawGukd =unfhaerdw,f?aemufpmwapmifu axmifrSL;ukdvlacsm ajcaxmufemaejyD; vrf;rav#mufEkdifvkd@ cGifhquf,lxm;wJh ta=umif;=um;pmjzpfw,f? pmvmay;wJh axmifrSL;topf[m axmifykdif=uD;a&S@rSm a=umuf'l;wkefaew,f? axmifykdif=uD; ukdvlacsmwkdifxm;wJh abmvfyifudpPbJ acgif;xJrSm &Sdaewm? axmifykdif=uD;vnf; aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;aew,f? wu,fvkd@ tJ'Dabmvfyif &SmrawG@&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ?axmifykdif=uD; pdwfxJrSm axmifrSL;nGef@a0OD; (c)vlacsmukd vnf;yif;jzwfcsifpdwf ay:vmw,f? wjznf;jznf; ykd&_yfvmaew,f? ..................

axmifykdif=uD;[m rsufrSefukdc|wfjyD; aoaocsmokwfae&if; ukdcspfEdkifukd =unfh&if; pOf;pm;rdw,f? ukdcspfEkdifu aocsmw,f? vlawmfwa,mufbJ qkdjyD; awG;aerdw,f? ukdcspfEkdifu wnfjidrfwJh rsufESmxm;ESifh axmifykdif=uD; bmajymrvJvkd@ apmifh=unfhaew,f? ae&mu atmufxyfuaxmifykdif=uD; &kH;cef;rSmjzpfw,f? zkdifwGJawG trsm;=uD;xm;wJhtcef; jzpfw,f? axmifykdif=uD;&J@ aemufausmrSm r_ef0g;0g;ESifhjrifae&wmu AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;"gwfykH ta[mif;wckjzpfw,f? axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdifpdwfxJrSm bmbJjzpfjzpf axmifykdif=uD;u AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd tav;xm;wwfw,fqkdjyD; csKD;usL;aerdw,f? wcsKd@aomt&m&Sd=uD;rsm;[m AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ykHukd rokH;awmhyg? a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd axmufcHovkd jzpfw,fvkd@xifw,f?

axmifykdif=uD;tcef; jyLwif;aygufukd axmifrSL; udkcspfEkdifu zGifhay;vkdufw,f? yxrqkH;jrifuGif;[m axmifusawG oHajcusif;ESifh vrf;av#mufaewm ukd jrif&wmbJ? wc|ifc|ifESifhoHuGif;wckESifhwck xdwJhtoHjzpfw,f? 'DvkdjrifuGif;ukd axmifrSL;ukd cspfEkdif t=udrf=udrf =unfhcJh/jrifcJhygw,f? oHajcusif;cwfcHxm;&wJh vlawGukd=unfh&if; w&dpm>ef&kHu qifawGukd owd&rdw,f?qifxdrf;awGukd oHajcusif;ESifhqifawGukd aoaocsmcsm xdef;odrf;Ekdifwm ukd owd&csD;rGrf;rdw,f? ..................

pdwfxJrSm aumifav;ukd bkef;=uD;ausmif;rSm pmoifzkd@ axmifykdif=uD; cGifhvGwf yghrvm;qkdwm pkd;&drfrdw,f? 'DtcsdefrSbJ axmifykdif=uD;u axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdifbufukd vSnfh=unfh&if; vlacsmaumifav;ukd emusifatmif ESdyfpufvkdufovm;´ pOf;pm;aerdw,f?

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aumifv;rsufESmrSmvnf; '%f&mt=uD;ukdawG@&w,f? aumifav;[m odyfa=umuf&if;xGufajy; jyD; usaemfhudk vkduf&Smaewm? usaemfvnf; aumifav;ukd olaeaeustzDav;ukdjyefvkdufyk d@yg w,f? 'gayrJh aumifav;&J@ tzDwJav;[m axmifrSL;vlacsmESif h 0g'gawG0kdif;zsufqD;=uvkd@vnf; ysufpD;oGm;wm? axmifrSL;ukdvlacsmu aumifav;ukd usaemfhvufxJutwif;qGJac:w,f? 'gayrJh usaemfu aumifav;ukd xdef;odrf;Ekdifygw,f? vlacsmu M.IawG/ausmif;om;awGukd &uf&ufpuf puf ppfaq;wwfovkd vkyfcsifwm vkyfaewm? oufjyif;csvkduf&if;

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' Daumifav;u tjyp f& S dwm r[kwfyg? axmifus e k di fi Ha&;orm;vnf; r[kwfyg?axmifrSL;ukdvlacsmu oufouf 'kuQay;aewm bJ jzpfygw,f?

axmifykdif=uD;qDu .......!!!!! ..................

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”rif;ua&m b,fvkd t=uHaumif;awG &SdovJ ajymprf;ygOD;?“ ukdcspfEkdif vef@oGm;w,f?axmifykdif=uD; ol@ukd tykdifcsnfwkyfaejyDqkdwm oHo,&Sdvmw,f? cspfEkdifpdwfxJ tav;teufrcHpm;&yg? ayghayghyg;yg;av; jyefajzvkdufygw,f?axmifykdif=uD;ukd=unfh&if;

..................

“ [kwfuJh q&m/ aoaocsmcsmawmh tmrrcHekdifayrJh/ pOf;pm;&rJhtcsufawGawmh&Sdygw,f? rae@utxd ajym&&if nGef@a0OD; aumifav;ukd &kdufESuf ESdyfpufrvkyfciftxd b,folckdif;ckdif;zifayghyg;yg;ESifh oGufoGufvufvuf vkyfay;w,f? axmifusvnf; r[kwfbJESifh axmifxJrSm aysmfaysmfyg;yg;aejyD; tjyifukd rxGuf&Jbl;? ..................

”tckajymif;jyef jzpfvmw,f? 'DaxmifxJrSmae&if; ol@twGuftouftEW&,f &SdvmjyDqkdwJh oabmjzpfygw,f? aumifav;cHpm;&wmukd usaemf em;vnfvmygw,f? wu,fqkd&ifvnf;'Daxmif=uD;[m rdbrJhuav;wa,muf em;ckd&rnfhae&m r[kwfygbl;q&m?

wcgwav usaemf pOf;pm;rdwm &Sdygw,f? 'Duav;ukd pmoifausmif;/ bkef;=uD;ausmif;ukd ykdf@vkduf&if ol@b0rSm upm; azmfawGeJ h/ pmvnf;a&;wwf/ zwfwwfvmr,f? tckxufxdaumifav;[m ol@emrnf olra&; wwfao;bl;? usaemfodwJh bkef;=uD;ausmif;wckudk=unfhjrifwkdifbufrSm &Sdw,f? bkef;=uD;[m rdbrJh uav;awGukd ausmif;tdyf/ ausmif;pm;xm;jyD;pmoifay;w,f? jyD;awmh ukd&if0wfay;w,f? odyf aumif;wJh tpDtpOfjzpfygw,f q&m?q&mcGifhjyKr,fqkd&if aumifav;ukd usaemfar;=unfhygr,f?” ..................

axmifykdif=uD; ukvm;xkdifukd aemufqkwfvkduf&if; rwfwyf&yfvkduf&if; jyLwif;aygufbufav#mufoGm;w,f? tdyfxJu pD;u&ufbl;ukd xkwfvkduf&if; pD;u&ufwvdyfudk rD;n‡dvkdufygw,f?ukdcspfEkdif aq;vdyfraomufwwfrSef;odawmh axmifykdif=uD; aq;vdyfr wkdufawmh ygbl;? ukdcspfEkdifpdwfxJrSmvnf; trsK d;rsK d ;tzk H pOf;pm;=uHpnfaew,f? axmifyk di f =uD; ar;&if b,fvk dajzrvnf;qkdwmu ta&;=uD;w,f? 'DtcsddefrSmbJ axmifykdif=uD;u trSwfwrJh ar;vkduf wJhar;cGef;wckar;vkdufw,f?

”cifAsm; 'Dbkef;=uD;ausmif;ukd b,fvkdod wmvJ“ jy\emr&Sdygbl;? =uKdwif pDpOfxm;rkd@vkd@ rsufESmxm;awmif ajymif;vJr oGm;ygbl;?

”'Dvkdyg axmifykdif=uD;/ usaemfhrdef;r r=umr=um tvSLtwef;vkyfavh&Sdygw,f? rsm;aom

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tm;jzifh 0g0if/ 0gxGufawGrSm bkef;=uD;ausmif;ukd ouFef;vSLavh&Sdygw,f? axmifykdif=uD; xifxm;wmu cspfEkdif[m ol@vpmESifhawmh vSLEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;? ol@rdef;rom vSLEkdifrSm? ol@rdef;rbufu aiG&SdwJh aqG=uD;/ rsKd;=uD;qkdwm axmifykdif=uD;odw,f?

tvSLtwef;qkdwm cspfEkdifvkd vbfay;vkd@r&wJhaxmifrSL;wa,muf0ifaiGESifh b,fvkdrSrjzpfEkdifbl;qkdwm axmifykdif=uD;odxm;w,f? axmifykdif=uD;pdwfxJrSm vlqkd;wa,mufukd zrf;vkduf&ovkd auseyfoGm;w,f? pm;yGJay:ukd aq;vdyfjymcGufxJukd jymac|vkdufw,f? axmifykdif=uD;[maxmifaxmifarmif;armif; r[kwfayrJh pum;enf;jyD; ,leDazmif;0wfxm;wJh t&m&Sd=uD; jzpfygw,f?ukdcspfEkdif[m a&xJrSm xkdifaewJh acG;av;ukd rv_yf&Jyg?

axmifykdif=uD;u ” axmifydkif=uD;[m &mZ0if&Sdvm; “” b,fvkd &mZ0ifukd ajymwmvJ q&m “” igqkdvkdwmu EkdifiHa&;awG bmawGvkyfcJhwJh bkef;=uD;vm;qkdwmukd ar;wm“” usaemf aoaocsmcsmawmh rodbl;q&m? wckawmh &Sdw,fq&m? bkef;=uD;u rdbrJh

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axmifykdif=uD; “ at;-- bmbJjzpfjzpf wckawmh &Sdw,f? oufawmf=uD;wJh bkef;awmf=uD;awG[m t=uHvnf;=uD;w,f? tEW&,f &Sdw,f? rif;=um;bl; rSmyg? ekdifiHa&;ausmif;om;awGukd bkef;=uD;ausmif;awGrSm 0Sufay;xm;w,fqkdwJh bkef;=uD;awG &Sdw,fav?”

“ [kwfuJh q&m/ tJ'Dq&mawmfukd usaemf rSwfrdygw,f?” ajym&if; ukdcspfEkdif pdwfxJrSmtJ'D q&mawmfukd jrifa,mifvmw,f? ta=umuftvef@uif;wJh q&mawmf=uD; ppfaq;ar;jref;aewJh axmufvSrf;a&;awGukd axmifxJrSm a[mvkdufwJh pum;bJ?

“ ightom;awG/ ta&jym;awG[m tykwfaumifbJ? rif;wkd@ vkyfcsifovkd vkyf=uyg? ”q&mawmf=uD;[m w&m;xkdifae&if; axmifxJrSm ysHvGefawmfrloGm; &Smw,f? ”

tJ'Dq&mawmf=uD;ta=umif; pOf;pm;rdwkdif; ausmcsrf;oGm;w,f? rdrdukd,fwkdifvnf;tjypf ruif;wJh axmifrSL;wa,mufqkdwm pOf;pm;qifjcifaerdw,f? axmifykdif=uD;u

“ at;--- tJ'DvlawGu awmfawmfcufwmbJ? rqkdifwmawG av#mufawmif;qkdae=uw,f? olwkd@eJ@ rqkdifwJh vl@tcGifhta&;awG/ t*FvdyfukdvkdeDawG&J@wynfhawG? [kd -- atmifqef;pk=unfu ol@tdrf0wHcg;uae y&dowfawGukd w&m;a[mcGifh &xm;w,f? odwJhtwkdif; vlawGukdolajymcsifwmawG ajymw,f? vlawG&J@tar;awGukd rkom;ygygeJ@ vdrfajymw,f? EkdifiHjcm;om;awG"gwfykH&kdufwm oabmusw,f? ol bmem;vnfvkd@vJ´ 'D jrefrmEkdifiHrSm aewmvJ r[kwfbl;?t*Fvdyfwa,mufu rdef;rjzpfw,f? 'D rdef;rukd twGif;a&;rSL; (1)u pum;ajymcGifhjyKxm;w,f?b,folrS tokH;rusbl;? trSefqkd&if ppfwyfu 'Drdef;reJ@ opPmazmuf ekdifiHa&;orm;awGukd owfypfvkdufzkd@ aumif;w,f? ” ..................

a'guefaewJh axmifykdif=uD;&J@ aemufausmu wnf=unf&ifhusufwJh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;"gwfykHukd ukdcspfEkdif pkduf=unfhaerdw,f? wkdif;jynftwGuf toufay;oGm;wJh AkdvfcsKyf/ remvkd raus

bmomjyef

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axmifrSL; ukdcspfEkdif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ykHukd ai;arm&if; ESpfjrKyfaewJhtcsdefrSm axmifykdif=uD;[mvnf; axmifykdif=uD;[mvnf; jyLwif;buftjyifbuf ai;arm=unfhaeckduf vufxJrS pD;u&ufjym[m &SnfvGef;vkd@ =urf;jyifay:a=uGusoGm;w,f?

axmifykdif=uD; toH[m wnfjidrfjyD; ----“ atmifqef;pk=unf[m ol@tazvkdawmh r[kwfbl;? ” 'Dpum;&J@ t"dyg,fukd em;rvnf

vkdufovkd axmifykdif=uD;ukd =unfhvkduf&if; ---“ rif; t"dy`g,f em;rvnfbl;vm;/ AkdvfcsKyfu aooGm;jyD? 'Drdef;r touf&Sifaeao;

w,f? uJ -- tck rif; odjyDvm;? ”udkcspfEkdif[m a,mifvnfvnfESifh ----“ [kwfuJhq&m/ [kwfygw,f q&m” vkd@ jyefajymvkdufygw,f?“ 'gqkd rif;ajymykHt&qkd&if/ tJ'D bkef;=uD;ausmif;u q&mawmf=uD;u EkdifiHa&;orm;

r[kwfbl;qkdwm aocsm&J@vm;´“ q&mawmf EkdifiHa&; pum;ajymw,fqkdwm wcgrS r=um;bl;ygbl;q&m? q&mawmf

=uD;rSm bmrmerSvnf; r&Sdbl;q&m? aemuf 2&ufvmuft=umrSm ppfukdif;acsmifu w&m;tm;xkwfjyD; jyefvmrSmyg? usaemftxift& q&mawmf=uD;u EkdifiHa&;rSm 0goem rygygQbl;? q&mpdwf0ifpm;r,fqdk&if ar;jref;zkd@ usaemf pDpOfay;ygr,f? ”

“ [kwfw,f/ igwkd@ q&mawmf=uD;ta=umif; odatmif pkHprf;&r,f? rif;ukd igr,kHvkd@r[kwfbl;? ”

“ rif;odatmif ajym&&if igvnf; 'Duav;ukd oabmusw,f? axmifxJrSm ol[mtavhtusifh jzpfaejyD? wu,fqkd&if jy\emjzpfEkdifwJhvlawGvufxJukd rxnfhvkdufcsifbl;? 'ga=umifhigvnf; 'Duav;twGuf aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;&r,f?”

axmifykdif=uD;pum;ukd em;axmif&if; axmifykdif=uD;&J@ tokH;ruswJhtawG;ESifh bkef;=uD;ausmif;rSmae&if uav;[m ysufpD;r,fqkdwJh oabm/ axmifxJrSmaewmu ykdjyD;vkHjcKHw,fqkdwJhoabm a&mufaew,f?

axmifykdif=uD;pum;[m b,ft"dyg,foufa&mufaew,fqkdwm axmifykdif=uD; od&J@vm;?b,fvkdbJ jzpfjzpf axmifykdif=uD;ukd olacsmhaygif;umrS aumifav;ukd olu,fEkdifrSm? axmifrSL;ukdcspfEkdifu

“ rSefygw,f q&m/ axmifykdif=uD; xifovkd usaemfvnf; twlwllygyJ q&m ”qufvuf azmfjyygOD;rnf?

bmomjyefarmifarmifvwf (c) Roland Hardy

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a'gufwm barmf (Edki fiHawmf t"dywda[mif;) (c&pf 1893-1977) . twWKywWdtusOf;?

a'gufwmbarmfudk 1893 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8) &uf/ Ak' <[l;ae@wGif rtlyif+rdK@YOD;aus;/ a':odef;wifrS zGm;jrifonf? arG;csif; ESpfa,mufwGif ti,f jzpfonf? t}uD;rSm Oya'ygarmuQ a'gufwm b[ef jzpfonf? i,fpOfu c&pf,mef bmom0if jzpf+yD;/ Oa&myrS

jyefvm+yD;aemuf Ak'Q bmom0if jzpfvmonf?a'gufwm barmfonf pdefaygausmif; (t-x-u (6) Adkvfwaxmif) rS wuUodkvf0if

pmar;yGJ atmifjrifI 1913 ckESpfwGif &efukefaumvdyfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@ &&Sdonf? &efukef+rdK@ tpdk;&

txuf wef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;q&m tjzpf acwW0ifa&muf vkyfudkif+yD; umvuwWm;

wuUodkvfrS 1917 ckESpfwGif r[m0dZ…mbGJ@ &&SdcJhonf? &efukef wuUodkvf t*Fvdyfpmay XmewGifyxrqHk; jrefrmvlrsdK; uxdu tjzpf 1916 ckESpfrS 1920 jy!fhESpftxd av;ESpfwmr#aqmif&GufcGifh &&Sdonf? 1921 ckESpf wGif t*Fvefjynf udef;A&pf wuUodkvfodk@ oGm;a&mufynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1923 ckESpfwGif vef'ef+rdK@ *a&;tif; (GraysInn) rS bm&pfpwm 0wfvHkbGJ@

a'gufwmbarmf.

&kef;xGufcJh&aomjrefrmjynf

Ba Maw

BREAK THROUGH IN BURMA

Memoirs Of a Revolution

1939 - 1946

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bmomjyef tcef;quf

rl&if;pma&;q&m a'gufwmbarmf. (Breakthrough in Burma) vuf&mjzpfonf?a'gufwmbarmfonf udkvdkeDacwfynmwwf 0wfvHka&S@aewpfOD;jzpf+yD;/ jrefrmEdkifiH.udkvdkeDacwf 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;wpfOD;/ zufqpf*syefacwft"dywdtm%m&SifwpfOD;/ twdkuftcH EdkifiHa&;orm;wpfOD; jzpfcJhbl;olwa,mufjzpfum/ oljzwfoef;}uHKawG@cJh&aomjrefrmjynf. EdkifiHa&;jzpfpOfudk tajccHI a&;om;xm;aom pmtkyfjzpfonf? pma&;q&m oef;0if;v_difrS bmomjyefIa&;om;xm;onfudk tvif;tdrfrStcef;quftjzpf az: jyvdkufygonf? acwfwpfacwf/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;ordkif;jzpfpOfudk acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf jzpfcJhol. a&;om;csufudk avhvmod&SdEdkif&ef wifjyvdkufygonf? tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;

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&&SdcJhonf? 1924 ckESpfrSmyif jyifopfEdkifiH abm'dk; wuUodkvf (University of Bordeaux)rS Ak' <bmomusrf; jyKI/ yg&*lbGJ@ (Doctcurdel' Universite) &&SdcJhavonf? yDtdyfcsf'DbGJ@

twGuf wifoGif;aom pmwrf;rSm "Ak'<bmomESifh c&pf,mef bmom&Sd psmefurRXmef;rsm;E_dif;,SOfavhvmonfh" (Easten Mysticism) jzpfonf?

1924 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ jyefvnf a&muf&Sd +yD; 0wfvHkvdkuf&m 1930 jy!fhESpfom,m0wD *VKef q&mpHESifh rsdK;cspfawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;bufrS vdkufygaqmif&Guf&mrSa'gufwm barmf trnfrSm xif&Sm;vmonf? 1932 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHY cGJa&; wGJa&;jy\em/ tjiif;tcHk jzpfaeo!fhtcg 0wfvHk OD;ausmfjrifh/ &rf+AJ OD;armifarmif ponfwdk@yg0ifo!fh wGJa&;toif; (armfjrifh+AJygwD) udk wnfaxmifI uGJa&; acgif;aqmiftjzpfEdkifiHa&;avmuodk@ 0ifa&mufcJhonf?

1932 ckESpfwGif Edk0ifbmv a&G;aumufyGJwGif trwftjzpf ta&G;cH&+yD; 1933ckESpfwGif +Adwdo# ygvDref wGJzufaumfrwDESifh aqG;aEG;&ef/ jrefrm udk,fpm;vS,f (11) OD;ESifhtwlbdvyfodk@ wufa&muf aqG;aEG;cJhonf? a'gufwm barmfonf 1934 ckESpf rwfvwGif ynma&;ESihfusef;rma&; 0ef}uD; tjzpf vufcH aqmif&GufcJhavonf? xdkESpfrSmyif ‘qif;&Jom; 0HomEkygwD’udkwnfaxmifI 1933 ckESpfrSm 1942 ckESpftxd acgif;aqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

&kef;xGufcJh&aom jrefrmjynf1936 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvY usif;yo!fh (91) Xme tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'jyK v$wfawmfwGif

&rnfoif; awmifydkif; trwftjzpf ta&G;cH&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif a'gufwmbarmfonftjcm;ygwDrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;I !Gef@aygif;tpdk;& zGJ@pnf;Edkifojzihf/ jrefrmtrsdK;om;xJrS yxrqHk;

a'gufwmbarmf

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AdkvfatmifausmfESihf rEWav; tmZmenf (17) OD; usqHk;cJh&o!fhtcg jynfolrsm;u !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&acgif;aqmif eef;&if;0ef a'gufwmbarmfESifh taygif;tygrsm;tm; 0dkif;0ef; &_wfcscJh=uonf?v$wfawmfwGif vnf; twdkuftcHrsm;u t,Hkt=unf r&Sd tqdkwifI/ eef;&if;0ef&mxl;rSjzKwfcs jcif; cHvdkuf&onf?

1939 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif vGwfvyfa&;twGuf aoG;pnf;aqmif&Guf&ef/ wdk@Armtpnf;t&Hk; ocifrsm;/ ig;yGifhqdkif/ qif;&Jom; 0HomEk/ aejynfawmf po!fhtzGJ@rsm; yl;aygif;vufwGJI ArmhxGuf&yf *dk%f;(Burma Freedom Bloc) zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmifvdkufo!fhtcgtzGJ@acgif;aqmif jzpfvmonf? 1940 jy!fhESpf =o*kwfv (29) &ufae@wGif xGuf&yf*dk%f;acgif;aqmif a'gufwm barmfudk umuG,fa&; yk'frjzifh axmif'%f wESpf tjypfay;um rdk;ukwfaxmifodk@ ydk@vdkufonf? *syefrsm; jrefrmjynfudk odrf;+yD;o!fhtcg 1942 ck/ arv wwd,ywfwGif*syef ppfaoemywd tD;'gu a'gufwmbarmftm; acgif;aqmiftjzpf cef@xm;I tkyfcsKyfa&;pDppfr_ aumfrwDudk zGJ@pnf;ay;onf?

xdkESpf =o*kwfv (1) &ufae@wGif tpdk;&tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;aomtcg 0ef}uD;csKyf jzpfvmonf?EdkifiHa&; OD;aqmiftzGJ@tjzpf wdk@Arm qif;&Jom; tpnf;t&Hk; zGJ@pnf;o!fhtcgwGifvnf; tpnf;t&Hk;acgif;aqmif tm%m&Sif tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1934 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;/ ocifjrpolrsm;ESifhtwl ArmhvGwfvyfa&; jyifqifr_aumfr&Sifudk acgif;aqmifI wdkusdK+rdK@odk@ oGm;a&muf

aqG;aEG;&m/ *syef {u&mZfbk&ifu wufae0if; wHqdyfjzifh *k%fjyKcsD;jrSifhcJhonf?*syefEdkifi/H jrefrmEdkifiHtm; 1943 ckESpf =o*kwfv (1) &ufae@wGif vGwfvyfa&;ay;I/

ArmEdkifiH tpdk;& zGJ@pnf;o!fhtcg EdkifiHawmf t"dywdtjzpf ArmEdkifiH tpdk;&tzGJ@udk OD;aqmifcJhonf?xdk@aemuf a'gufwmbarmfonf *syefodk@ vufeufcs +yD;aemuf 1945 ckESpf =o*kwfv (16)&ufwGif *syefEdkifiHwGif EdkifiHa&; cdkv_HcGihf awmif;&ef jrefrmEdkifiHrS xGufcGmcJhonf? 1945'DZifbmvwGif wdkusdK+rdK@&Sd +Adwdo# ppfwyfxH vufeufcs tzrf;cHcJhonf? ,if;aemuf *syefEdkifiHql*grdk tusOf;axmifrS 1946 ckESpf ZlvdkifvwGif jyefvnf vGwfajrmufvmcJhonf?

a'gufwm barmfonf 1977ckESpf arv (29) &ufae@wGif touf (85) ESpft&G,fYvl}uD;a&m*gjzifh &efukef+rdK@Y uG,fvGefonf? uG,fvGefcsdefY ZeD; a':cifrrESihf om; oHk;a,muf/orD; av;a,muf usef&pfcJhavonf?

a'gufwm barmfonf pmayrsm;udkvnf; a&;om; jyKpkcJ h&m xif&Sm;o!fhpmtkyfrsm;rSm "Buddhist Mysticism: A Psychological Study"(1942)/ "New

Order Plan for Burma" (1950)/ "Breakthrogh in Burma" (1968) ponfwdk@jzpfonf?

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'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;twGuf tjzpfrSefrsm;udkwifjyay; aom tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;onf 6ESpfodk ha&muf&SdcJhygonf// u|efawmfwdk hEdkifiHppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDr&rcsif;tvif;tdrf &Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;vufwGJ+yD; pmayjzifhqufvuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm; =uygpdk h//

0if;Edkif (Lin Po Yin)

ací;xGufrsm;rS aoG;xGufenf;r,fwJh?tvif;tdrfrSm yvmpwmeJ@ yvmwmra&mif;yg?

ausmfcdkif0if;

150


usGefawmfu bmtaESmiftzGJŒ/ bmudkrS tpGJtvef;xm;wJhvlr[kwfbl;?'gayr,hf&Jabmf&JbufpdwfjynhfwJhtvif;tdrfrSmawmh(4)ESpf&SdcJh+yD ?

at;aZmfjrihf

tvif;tdrf wnf&SdaeoI tvif;tdrfESifh twl&Sdaeygr,f?

cdkif=unf0if;

tvif;ay;wJhpmay tvum;ay;wJh pmtkyftJ'gtvif;tdrfyg? (6)ESpfajrmufygjyD ?

wifEdkif

jrefrmjynf}uD; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmf ppfppfjzpfay:vmonftxd tvif;tdrfqdkwm wm0ef ausaevdrfhrSmyg//

rsdK;ausmfodef;

151


tvif;tdrf xm0&&SifoefEdkifapa&;twGuf (wdk@uawmh wdk@uawmh wdk@uawmh eD;eD;a0;a0; yl;aygif;ay;w,f pdwfuawmh t+rJwrf; &SifoefqJ )wu,fajymwmygAsm?

0if;Edkif

b,ftzGJ h tpnf;rSmyJ jzpfjzpf tzGJ h0ifwdkif;rSmtenf;qHk;awmhtzGJheJ hywfowfw,fqdkwJh wm0efqdkwm&Sdw,f// &Jabmfwdk h wm0efausygap//

tm;opfrGef

tcrJhxkwfa0jzefcsDaewJh tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;&J@ oufwrf;(6)E Sp f jynf ha jrmufr _r Sonf tzG J @0i fwpfO D ; taejzi f ha&mtvif;tdr fr* ~Zi f ;taeeJ @yg vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfopf}uD; ay:aygufvmonftxd qufvufIwwyfwtm;yg0ifaqmif&GufoGm;=u&rSmuawmhtzGJ@om;rsm;tm;vHk;&J@ wm0efw&yfayyJr[kwfygvm;? [def;rif;

6 ESpfwdkif &Sifoefaeaom tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;qufI wnfwHhEdkifygap//

ausmfvif;xGÉfatmifcif

152


'Drdkua&pDrif;om;acgif;pGyf+yD; ppftm%m&SifpepfqdkwJhcEWmudk,feJ@ toGifajymif;tkyfcsKyfaewmtckvuf&Sdtpdk;&yJjzpfw,f?

atmifrsdK;rif;

rsufvHk;csif; v,favmufa0;a0; ESvHk;om;csif;eD;uyfaew,fqdkwJhpum;[m uíefawmfeJ@ tvif;tdrfwdkuf&dkuftcsdK;usaew,f?

jrifhOD;

wmwdkrSm cGeftm;/ wmvwfrSmtqkH;tjzwf/wma0;rSm pdwf"gwfqdkwJhtwdkif;usGefawmfwdk@&JŒ pdwf"gwfawGta[mif;qdkifra&mufoihfbl;?

jrifhudk

awmf&kHwef&kHpdwf"gwfrsdK;eJ@tvif;tdrf(6)ESpfc&D;udk rjzwfoef;Edkifbl;?/

jrwfausmfol

153


ausmfrsdK;xGef;

olwdk@ajymwJh ajymif;vJaeyg+yD qdkwmu olwdk@vlawGwa,muf+yD;wa,mufajymif;wmudkyJajymaewmjzpfrSmyg ?usaemfwdk@vdkcsifwJh ajymif;vJr_qdkwmu csrSwfxm;wJh (2008)tajccHOya'udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfjyKjyifEdkifa&;yJ jzpfygw,f?'DvdkrSr[kwfbl;qdk&ifawmh.....

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; udk tckvdk (6)ESpfwdkifwdkif pOfqufrjywfxkwfa0Edkifap&eftwGuf pmrlrsm;a&;om;ay;=uaom jynfwGif;jynfyr S pma&;q&mrsm / az: jyc Gi f h jy Kaom pmayrsm; /uAsmq&mrsm;/ umwGef;q&mrsm;eJ@ yef;csDq&mrsm;/ aiGa=u;ulnDaxmufyHh=uolrsm;/ yg0ifyl;aygif;aqmif&GufcJh=uolrsm;tm;vHk;udkaus;Zl;txl;wif&Sd&yga=umif; ----tvif;tdrfudk,fpm; ajymvdkufyg&ap wifrif;Edkif

usrwpfckajymcsifygw,f / tvif;qdkwm tarSmifudkcGif; apEdkifw,fvdk@ed,mrwck&Sdaeavawmh tarSmifus aewJhusrwdk@&J@ jrefrmEdkifiHawmf}uD; tvif;aqmif Edkifonf txd}ud K ;pm;aqmi f& Guf =u&rSmuawmh usrwd k @& J @ t"duwm0efw&yfvJvdk@ qdkcsifygw,f --------

0if;oEWmatmif

rSefxJhrSm udk,fu+yHK;jy&if jyef+yHK;jywwfovdk rJhjy&ifydk+yD;rJhjy=ur,fh avmu=uD;yg? twdwfb0u tusKd;ay;tenf; trsm;a=umifh vuf&Sd b0rSm cHpm;rSK uGmayr,fhrdrdEdkifiHom; tcsif;csif;&dkif;yif;ulnDpdwfav;ESifhawG@&if+yHK;jyE_wfquf =unfhyg?

vJhvJh0if;udk

154


tvif;tdrf r*~Zif;tm; ulnDaxmufyHhay;aom

(1) bdkbdkouf(2) &Jrif;0if;(3) ausmfxGef;Edkif(4) cdkifOD;i,f(5) pdkif;yef;armif(6) udk=unfpef;

wdk htm; tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; &Jabmfrsm;rS rSwfwrf;wif *k%fjyKtyfygonf

wdkif;&if;om;aygif;pHkeJ@ pkpnf;xm;wJh tvif;tdrfrSonfpnf;vHk;nDnGwfaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk}uD;qDodk@....?

ELEJAH

jynfaxmifpk}uD;udk tvif;awGay;aewJh tvif;tdrf ?

Myen Mung Wun Pawng Mung Dan Hpe Shiga

N-htoi Shabar yai aalinneain.

t,fEl;&mL-Noora

155


tvif;tdrf wm0efcH&J+idrf;

ta0;&muf t,f'DwmaZmfaZmfatmif (t*Fvef)

ABFSU (88)rsKd;quf

t,f'DwmaZmfaZmfEkdif / rif;rif;odef;

rsKd;jrifhatmif

tr_aqmift,f'DwmcifarmifaZmf /Anm;b&kdif,efuif;

xGef;+idrf; / tHharmf /ausmfrkd;Ekdif / rcdkif=unf0if;

pmpDpm&dkufausmfxGÉf0if; / pnfoljrifh

aZmfrsKd; / [def;rif; jynf+zdK;&J / L-NOORA

jynfwGif;jynfy jzef hcsda&; jr0if;pdk; / atmif=unf

ausmfjrifhxGef; /ausmfcdkif0if; / wifEdkif /

jrihfOD; / wifrif;Edkif / ELEJAH

yef;csDo&kyfazmfxDvm

ausmfvif;xGÉfatmifcif

&Hk;tzGJ h=unfwkd; / aeatmifausmftm;opfrGef / [efaZmf0if;

jrihfudk / r0if;oE Wmatmif

b¾ma&;atmifaZ,smndK / xGef;xGef;0if;jrwfausmfol / atmifrsdK;rif;

Web Site / owif; ESifh rD'D,mat;okduf / &Jjrifhatmif rsdK;apm / rsdK;ausmfodef; /

ausmfrsdK;xGef; / rvJhvJh0if;udk

pmtkyfcsKyfvkyfa&;aX;0if; / at;aZmfjrifh 0if;Edkif(Lin Po Yin) 0if;Edkif (yef;yJwef;)

156


tvitvitvitvitvi f;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&eff;tdrf odk hqufoG,f&efPOST 169-0075

TOKYO TO, SHINJUKU-KU

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Japan.

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Luminary MagazineVolume 5,No.10 22222

2

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