Íîâåéøèé ôèëîñîôñêèé ñëîâàðüÌèíñê � 1999 ã.Íàó÷íîå èçäàíèå

Ãëàâíûé íàó÷íûé ðåäàêòîð è ñîñòàâèòåëü � ÃÐÈÖÀÍΠÀ.À.Íàó÷íûå ðåäàêòîðû: ÀÁÓØÅÍÊÎ Â.Ë., ÌÎÆÅÉÊÎ Ì.À., ÐÓÌßÍÖÅÂÀ Ò.Ã.Îòâåòñòâåííûé ñåêðåòàðü è ðåäàêòîð � ÌÅÐÖÀËÎÂÀ À.È.

Ðåöåíçåíòû:ÀËÏÅÅÂÀ Ò.Ì., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÂÎÄÎÏÜßÍΠÏ.À., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÑÈÍßÊΠÑ.Â., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÑÌÈÐÍÎÂÀ Ð.À., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóêÒÎÐÎÑßÍ Â.Ã., äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóê

Íîâåéøèé ôèëîñîôñêèé ñëîâàðü / Ñîñò. À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ. � Ìí.: Èçä. Â.Ì. Ñêàêóí, 1998. - 896

ISBN 985-6235-17-0

"Íîâåéøèé ôèëîñîôñêèé ñëîâàðü" âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ îêîëî 1400 àíàëèòè÷åñêèõ ñòàòåé, îõâàòûâàþù

Òèðàæ 10 000 ýêç.Èçäàòåëü Â.Ì. Ñêàêóí. Ëèöåíçèÿ ËÂ ¹ 293 îò 06.05.98. 220040 ã. Ìèíñê, óë. Ë.Áåäû, 3.

ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ

Àâòîðû ñòàòåé........................................................ XIVÏðåäèñëîâèå.........................................................XVIII

Ñòàòüè è íîìèíàöèè:

Àáåëÿð Ïüåð....................................................... 1Àáñîëþò ............................................................ 1Àáñîëþòèçàöèÿ................................................... 1Àáñîëþòíàÿ èäåÿ ................................................ 1Àáñîëþòíîå è Îòíîñèòåëüíîå................................ 1Àáñòðàêòíîå è Êîíêðåòíîå ................................... 2Àáñòðàêöèÿ........................................................ 2Àáñóðä............................................................... 3Àáóëèÿ.............................................................. 3Àâàòàðà............................................................. 3Àâãóñòèí Áëàæåííûé .......................................... 3Àâåíàðèóñ.......................................................... 4Àâåðèíöåâ.......................................................... 4Àâåððîèçì.......................................................... 4Àâåððîýñ............................................................ 5

Àâèöåííà........................................................... 5Àâòàðêèÿ........................................................... 5Àâòîêîììóíèêàöèÿ ............................................. 5Àâòîêðàòèÿ........................................................ 5Àâòîìàòèçì........................................................ 6Àâòîíîìèÿ......................................................... 6Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü ....................................... 6Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ðåëèãèÿ......................................... 6Àâòîðèòåò.......................................................... 6Àâòîðõàíîâ........................................................ 6Àãàïå ................................................................ 7Àãíè Éîãà.......................................................... 7Àãíîñòèöèçì ...................................................... 8Àãðåãàò.............................................................. 9Àãðåññèÿ............................................................ 9Àäàïòàöèÿ......................................................... 9Àäâàéòà............................................................. 9Àääèòèâíîñòü..................................................... 9Àäåêâàòíûé ....................................................... 9Àäæîðíàìåíòî.................................................... 9Àäèàôîðà..........................................................10Àäëåð...............................................................10Àäîðàòñêèé.......................................................11Àäîðíî .............................................................11Àçåèòåò ............................................................12Àéäóêåâè÷.........................................................12ÀéåðÀêàäåìèÿ..........................................................13Àêàøà..............................................................13Àêîñìèçì..........................................................14Àêñàêîâ È.Ñ.....................................................14Àêñàêîâ Ê.Ñ.....................................................14Àêñåëüðîä.........................................................15Àêñèîëîãèÿ.......................................................15Àêñèîìàòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä ......................................17Àêñèîìåòðèÿ .....................................................18Àêòóàëèçàöèÿ ...................................................18Àêòóàëüíîñòè òåîðèÿ..........................................18Àêöèäåíöèÿ ......................................................18Àêöèÿ ..............................................................19Àëàí Ëèëëüñêèé................................................19Àëãîðèòì..........................................................19Àëåêñàíäåð Ñ....................................................19Àëåêñàíäåð Ô....................................................19Àëåêñàíäðîâ......................................................19Àëèçàðîâñêèé....................................................20Àëêîãîëü..........................................................20Àëëåãîðèÿ.........................................................20Àëõèìèÿ ..........................................................20Àëüáåðò Âåëèêèé...............................................21Àëüòðóèçì ........................................................21Àëüòþññåð.........................................................22Àìàëüðèê èç Áåíû .............................................22Àìáèâàëåíòíîñòü ...............................................22Àíàêñàãîð.........................................................23Àíàêñèìàíäð.....................................................23Àíàêñèìåí ........................................................23Àíàëèç è Ñèíòåç................................................24Àíàëèòèêà........................................................24Àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ..................................24

Àíàëîãèÿ..........................................................26Àíàìíåñèñ.........................................................26Àíàíêå (Àíàíêà)................................................26Àíàðõèÿ ...........................................................27Àíäðåàñ-Ñàëîìå .................................................27Àíäðååâ ............................................................27Àíäðîãèí..........................................................28Àíèìà..............................................................28Àíèìèçì...........................................................28Àíîìèÿ ............................................................29Àíñåëüì Êåíòåðáåðèéñêèé ..................................29Àíòèíîìèè ÷èñòîãî ðàçóìà..................................30Àíòèíîìèÿ .......................................................30Àíòèòðèíèòàðèçì ..............................................31Àíòèóòîïèÿ ......................................................31Àíòèõðèñò ........................................................31Àíòè÷íàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ..........................................31Àíòðîïíûé ïðèíöèï...........................................38Àíòðîïîàíàëèç..................................................38Àíòðîïîëîãèçì ..................................................38Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ....................................................39Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ êóëüòóðíàÿ...................................39Àíòðîïîñîôèÿ ...................................................41Àíòðîïîòåõíèêà ................................................41Àëåéðîí............................................................41Àïåëü...............................................................42Àïîêàëèïñèñ .....................................................43Àïîêàëèïòè÷åñêèå âñàäíèêè................................43Àïîêàëèïòè÷åñêèé.............................................43Àïîêàëèïòè÷åñêîå ÷èñëî.....................................43Àïîêàñòàñèñ......................................................43Àïîëëîíîâñêîå è Äèîíèñèéñêîå ...........................43Àïîëîãåòèêà......................................................44Àïîðèÿ.............................................................44Àïîñòåðèîðè......................................................44Àïîôàòè÷åñêàÿ òåîëîãèÿ.....................................44Àïïåðöåïöèÿ.....................................................45Àïðèîðè ...........................................................45Àðãóìåíòàöèÿ....................................................45Àðåíä...............................................................46Àðèñòîòåëü .......................................................47Àðîí ................................................................48Àðõåòèï............................................................49Àñåáèÿ .............................................................49Àñêåòèçì ..........................................................49Àñìóñ...............................................................50Àñòðîëîãèÿ .......................................................50Àòåèçì .............................................................50Àòìàí ..............................................................51Àòîìèñòèêà.......................................................51Àòðèáóò............................................................52Àóòâåéò............................................................52Àóòèçì.............................................................52Áàäåíñêàÿ øêîëà íåîêàíòèàíñòâà ........................53Áàçèñ è Íàäñòðîéêà............................................54Áàêðàäçå...........................................................55Áàêóíèí ...........................................................55Áàðò.................................................................56Áàòàé...............................................................57Áàõàé...............................................................58

Áàõòèí.............................................................58Áàøëÿð ............................................................59Áåãñòâî â áîëåçíü...............................................60Áåãñòâî îò ñâîáîäû.............................................61Áåéëü...............................................................61Áåëàáëîöêèé.....................................................61Áåëèíñêèé ........................................................62Áåëë ................................................................62Áåëîðóññêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ......................................63Áåëûé À...........................................................63Áåìå.................................................................65Áåíåäèêò ..........................................................65Áåíòàì .............................................................66Áåíüÿìèí..........................................................66Áåðãåð ..............................................................66Áåðãñîí.............................................................67Áåðäÿåâ ............................................................68Áåðêëè ............................................................. 70Áåðí.................................................................71Áåðíàð Êëåðâîñêèé.............................................71Áåðíõýì............................................................73Áåðíøòåéí........................................................73Áåñêîíå÷íîå ...................................................... 74Áåñêîíå÷íîå ëîãè÷åñêîå.......................................74Áåññìåðòèå........................................................75Áåññîçíàòåëüíîå.................................................76Áåõòåðåâ ........................................................... 77Áèáëèÿ.............................................................77Áèíñâàíãåð........................................................78Áèîãåíåòè÷åñêèé çàêîí .......................................78Áèîñôåðà ..........................................................79Áèîýòèêà ..........................................................79Áèñåêñóàëüíîñòü ................................................80Áèõåâèîðèçì .....................................................80Áëàâàòñêàÿ ....................................................... 81Áëàíøî ............................................................81Áëàó ................................................................81Áëîê ................................................................82Áëîíñêèé..........................................................82Áëîõ ................................................................83Áëóìåð .............................................................84Áîàñ.................................................................84Áîã ..................................................................85Áîãäàíîâ...........................................................87Áîãîñëîâèå ïðàâîñëàâíîå.....................................88Áîãóø ..............................................................90Áîäðèéÿð..........................................................90Áîêëü...............................................................91Áîëèíãáðîê.......................................................91Áîëüøåâèçì ......................................................91Áîíàâåíòóðà......................................................92Áîíàïàðò .......................................................... 92Áîðõåñ..............................................................92Áîðüáà..............................................................93Áîññ .................................................................94Áîõâèö.............................................................94Áîõåíüñêèé.......................................................94Áîýöèé .............................................................94Áðàê ................................................................95Áðàõìàí ...........................................................95

Áðåíòàíî ..........................................................96Áðèëë...............................................................96Áðóíî...............................................................96Áðýäëè .............................................................97Áóáåð ...............................................................98Áóääà ...............................................................98Áóääèçì............................................................99Áóäíûé Á........................................................ 100Áóäíûé Ñ........................................................ 100Áóëãàêîâ ........................................................ 101Áóðäüå............................................................ 102Áóðèäàí.......................................................... 102Áóõàðèí.......................................................... 102Áõàãàâàä-Ãèòà............................................. 104Áõàñêàð.......................................................... 104Áûòèå............................................................. 104Áûõîâñêèé...................................................... 105Áýêîí Ð.......................................................... 105Áýêîí Ô......................................................... 105Áþðîêðàòèÿ .................................................... 105Âàëåíòèíîâ..................................................... 107Âàëîâè÷.......................................................... 107Âàëüäåíôåëüñ .................................................. 107Âàí ×óí.......................................................... 108Âàðòîôñêèé..................................................... 108Âàðüÿø .......................................................... 108Ââåäåíñêèé ..................................................... 108Âåáåð À.......................................................... 109Âåáåð Ì.......................................................... 110Âåáëåí............................................................110Âåäû .............................................................. 111Âåçäåñóùíîñòü................................................. 112"Âåëèêèå íåâðîçû" íàøåãî âðåìåíè .................... 112Âåíñêèé êðóæîê .............................................. 112Âåðà............................................................... 112Âåðèôèêàöèÿ................................................... 114Âåðíàäñêèé ..................................................... 115Âåðîÿòíîñòü .................................................... 115"Âåñåëàÿ íàóêà"............................................... 116Âå÷íîå âîçâðàùåíèå ......................................... 116"Âåùü â ñåáå" .................................................. 119Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñîöèàëüíîå............................... 120Âèâåêàíàíäà.................................................... 120Âèçå............................................................... 120Âèêî .............................................................. 121Âèíäåëüáàíä.................................................... 121Âèíî .............................................................. 122Âèòàëèçì........................................................ 122Âèòãåíøòåéí................................................... 123Âèòòåë üñ.........................................................123Âèøîâàòûé.....................................................124Âëàñòü............................................................124Âíèìàíèå........................................................ 124Âîçìîæíîñòü è Äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòü....................... 125Âîçìîæíûå ìèðû ............................................. 126Âîçðîæäåíèå.................................................... 127Âîëàí.............................................................128Âîëîøèíîâ .....................................................128Âîëüòåð .......................................................... 128Âîëüô............................................................. 129

Âîëþíòàðèçì................................................... 130Âîëÿ .............................................................. 130"Âîëÿ ê âëàñòè"...............................................131Âîïðîñ............................................................133Âîðîíåíèé....................................................... 134Âîñêðåøåíèå ................................................... 134Âñåëåíñêèé ..................................................... 135Âîñïèòàíèå .....................................................135Âîñïðèÿòèå ..................................................... 137Âîñüìåðè÷íûé (Áëàãîðîäíûé) Ïóòü .................... 137Âðåìÿ............................................................. 137Âðåìÿ ñîöèàëüíîå ............................................ 137Âðîæäåííûå èäåè............................................. 137Âñååäèíñòâî..................................................... 138Âñåîáùàÿ ñâÿçü ÿâëåíèé ................................... 139Âóëüãàðíûé ìàòåðèàëèçì.................................. 139Âóëüô............................................................. 139Âóíäò............................................................. 140Âûãîòñêèé ...................................................... 140Âûðóáîâ..........................................................141Âûñîöêèé ....................................................... 141Âûòåñíåíèå .....................................................143Âûøåñëàâöåâ................................................... 143Ãàâðèèë.......................................................... 144Ãàäàìåð ..........................................................144Ãàëèëåé..........................................................144Ãàðìîíèÿ........................................................ 145Ãàðìîíèÿ ñôåð................................................. 146Ãàðîäè............................................................ 146Ãàðàìàí Í......................................................147Ãàðòìàí Ý.......................................................148Ãàññåíäè.........................................................148Ãâàðäèíè ........................................................ 149Ãâàòòàðè.........................................................149Ãåãåëü ............................................................ 150Ãåäîíèçì ........................................................ 152Ãåêêåëü ..........................................................152Ãåëåí ............................................................. 152Ãåëüâåöèè.......................................................153Ãåëüäåðëèí .....................................................153Òåíäåð............................................................155Ãåíåçèñ........................................................... 156Ãåíåðàëèçàöèÿ................................................. 156Ãåíîí ............................................................. 156Ãåîïîëèòèêà....................................................157Ãåîöåíòðèçì.................................................... 158Ãåðàêëèò ........................................................ 158Ãåðáàðò...........................................................159Ãåðäåð ............................................................159Ãåðìåíåâòèêà .................................................. 160Ãåðîåâ è Òîëïû òåîðèè ..................................... 160Ãåðöåí........................................................... 161Ãåðøåíçîí....................................................... 163Ãåññå ..............................................................876Ãåññåí.............................................................164Ãåòå ...............................................................165Ãåøòàëüò-ïñèõîëîãèÿ....................................... 165Ãåøòàëüò-òåðàïèÿ............................................ 166Ãèääåíñ .......................................................... 166Ãèéîì.............................................................167

Ãèëåîìîðôèçì ................................................. 168Ãèëîçîèçì....................................................... 170Ãèïàòèÿ.......................................................... 170Ãèïîñòàçèðîâàíèå ............................................170Ãèïîòåçà......................................................... 170Ãèïîòåòèêî-äåäóêòèâíûé ìåòîä.......................... 171Ãëàêìàí ......................................................... 172Ãëóáèííàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ .....................................172Ãíîçèñ............................................................ 172Ãíîñåîëîãèÿ ....................................................174Ãîááñ.............................................................. 174Ãîëîñîâêåð......................................................175Ãîëüáàõ..........................................................176Ãîëüäìàí........................................................ 176Ãîìåîñòàç........................................................ 177Ãîðñêèé..........................................................178Ãîñïèòàëèçì....................................................178Ãîñóäàðñòâî.....................................................178Ãîóëäíåð.........................................................180Ãîôìàí...........................................................180Ãðàæäàíñêîå îáùåñòâî...................................... 181Ãðàìøè .......................................................... 181Ãðàíîâñêèé ..................................................... 183Ãðîäíåíñêèå ôèëîñîôñêèå òðàêòàòû....................183Ãðîò............................................................... 183Ãðîöèé ........................................................... 184Ãðóïïà ñîöèàëüíàÿ...........................................184Ãðóïïîâîé ïñèõîàíàëèç ....................................184Ãðþíáàóì........................................................185Ãóìàíèçì........................................................185Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ.............................186Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðåëèãèÿ.................................. 186Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèç...........................186Ãóìáîëüäò....................................................... 186Ãóìèëåâ.......................................................... 187Ãóìïëîâè÷ ...................................................... 188Ãóðâè÷............................................................ 188Ãóðäæèåâ........................................................190Ãóññåðëü ......................................................... 190Ãýëáðåéò......................................................... 192Äàâèä Àíàõò...................................................193Äàäàèçì.......................................................... 193Äàìèàíè Ïåòð .................................................194Äàíèëåâñêèé ................................................... 194Äàíòå.............................................................195Äàî................................................................ 196Äàîñèçì..........................................................196Äàðâèí...........................................................196Äàðåíäîðô....................................................... 197Äâà âèäà (ïðèíöèïà) îðèåíòàöèè ....................... 197Äâèæåíèå ....................................................... 198Äâîéñòâåííîé èñòèíû òåîðèÿ.............................198Äåáîðèí.......................................................... 198Äåâèàíòíàÿ íàóêà............................................ 198Äåäóêöèÿ........................................................198Äåèçì............................................................. 199âàí Äåéê ........................................................199Äåêàáðèñòû.....................................................200Äåêàäåíòñòâî...................................................200Äåêàðò ........................................................... 200

Äåêîíñòðóêöèÿ................................................203Äåëåç .............................................................204Äåìèóðã..........................................................205Äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèé âçðûâ ....................................205Äåìîãðàôèÿ.....................................................206Äåìîêðèò........................................................206Äåíîòàò..........................................................207Äåîíòîëîãèÿ....................................................207Äåððèäà..........................................................207Äåñèãíàò.........................................................208Äåñòðóäî.........................................................208Äåñòðóêöèÿ.....................................................208Äåòåðìèíèçì ...................................................208Äåôèíèöèÿ ..................................................... 209Äåÿòåëüíîñòü .................................................. 210Äæàéíèçì.......................................................210Äæåìñ............................................................210Äæåíòèëå .......................................................211Äæèëàñ ..........................................................212Äèàëåêòèêà.....................................................212Äèàëåêòè÷åñêàÿ òåîëîãèÿ..................................213Äèàëåêòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàëèçì............................214Äèàëîã ...........................................................215Äèàëîãèçì ......................................................215Äèàõðîííîñòü è Ñèíõðîííîñòü...........................215Äèäðî.............................................................216Äèêòàòóðà ïðîëåòàðèàòà...................................218Äèëåììà.........................................................218Äèëüòåé..........................................................218Äèîãåí Ëàýðòèé...............................................221Äèîãåí Ñèíîïñêèé ...........................................221Äèñêóðñ..........................................................222Äèñêóðñèâíûé .................................................222Äèñòàíöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ .....................................222Äèôôóçèîíèçì.................................................222Äîáðî è Çëî ....................................................223Äîáøåâè÷ .......................................................223Äîâãèðä..........................................................224Äîãìàòèçì ......................................................224Äîêàçàòåëüñòâà áûòèÿ Áîãà...............................224Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî................................................ 225Äîêòîð ........................................................... 225Äîëã ..............................................................225Äîñîêðàòèêè ...................................................226Äîñòîåâñêèé....................................................226Äðóãîé ...........................................................226Äóàëèçì .........................................................227Äóíå Ñêîò.......................................................228Äóøà .............................................................228Äõàðìà...........................................................228Äüþè..............................................................228Äþðèíã...........................................................229Äþðêãåéì .......................................................229Åâãåíèêà ........................................................232Åâðàçèéñòâî ....................................................232Åâðîïîöåíòðèçì...............................................233Åâõàðèñòèÿ.....................................................233Åãèïåòñêàÿ "Êíèãà ìåðòâûõ".............................233Åëåíñêèé........................................................234Åðåñè .............................................................234

Åðìàêîâ..........................................................234Åðîôååâ ..........................................................234Åñòåñòâîçíàíèå................................................237Åôðîñèíüÿ Ïîëîöêàÿ........................................238ÆàíÁóðèäàí .................................................. 239Æàíå .............................................................239Æåëåâ ............................................................239"Æèçíåííûé ìèð"............................................240Æèçíü............................................................ 241Æèëüñîí ........................................................241Çàêîí.............................................................243Çàëêèíä..........................................................243Çàëóññêèé.......................................................243Çàïàäíè÷åñòâî ................................................. 243Çåíîí Ýëåéñêèé ............................................... 244Çåíîí-Ñòîèê....................................................244Çåíüêîâñêèé....................................................244Çèçàíèé Ë......................................................245Çèçàíèé Ñ.......................................................245Çèììåëü ......................................................... 245Çíàê ..............................................................246Çíàíåöêèé ......................................................247Çíàíèå ........................................................... 247Çíîñêà............................................................ 249Çîëîòîå ïðàâèëî ïîâåäåíèÿ ............................... 249Çîìáàðò.......................................................... 249Çîðîàñòðèçì .................................................... 250ÈáíÐóøä....................................................... 251Èáí Ñèíà........................................................251Èáí Õàëüäóí................................................... 251Èâàíîâ...........................................................251Èâàíîâñêèé..................................................... 251Èãðà .............................................................. 252Èäåàë............................................................. 252Èäåàëèçèðîâàííûé îáúåêò ................................253Èäåàëèçì........................................................253Èäåàëüíîå.......................................................255Èäåàëüíûé òèï................................................ 255Èäåàëüíûõ òèïîâ ìåòîä.................................... 255Èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ............................................... 256Èäåîëîãèÿ....................................................... 256Èäåÿ ..............................................................257Èäèîãðàôè÷åñêèé ìåòîä .................................... 257Èåðàðõèÿ........................................................ 257Èåðàðõèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ....................................... 258Èçìåíåííîå ñîçíàíèå........................................ 258Èçìåðåíèå....................................................... 258Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ................................................. 259Èëüåíêîâ........................................................ 260Èëüèí ............................................................ 261Èììàíåíòíûé..................................................261Èíàêîñòü........................................................262Èíâåêòèâà ...................................................... 262Èíâåðñèÿ........................................................ 263Èíäèâèä, Èíäèâèäóàëüíîñòü .............................. 263Èíäèâèäóàëèçì ............................................... 264Èíäèéñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ...................................... 264Èíäóèçì .........................................................265Èíäóêöèÿ ....................................................... 265Èíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî................................ 266

Èííîâàöèîííûå ñîöèàëüíûå òåõíîëîãèè ............. 266Èííîâàöèîííûé ïðîöåññ ................................... 267Èííîâàöèÿ...................................................... 268Èíñòèòóò ñîöèàëüíûé ...................................... 269Èíñòðóìåíòàëèçì.............................................269Èíòåëëåêò ......................................................269Èíòåëëèãèáåëüíûé........................................... 270Èíòåíöèîíàëüíîñòü..........................................270Èíòåðíàöèîíàëèçì...........................................270Èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ................................................270Èíòåðñóáúåêòèâíîñòü........................................ 272Èíòðîâåðñèÿ.................................................... 272Èíòðîåêöèÿ .................................................... 272Èíòðîñïåêöèÿ .................................................272Èíòóèöèÿ .......................................................273Èíôîðìàöèîííîå îáùåñòâî................................274Èíôîðìàöèÿ....................................................274Èíöåñò...........................................................276Èîàíí Äóíå Ñêîò.............................................277Èîàíí Ñêîò Ýðèóãåíà .......................................280Èðîíèÿ...........................................................280Èðîíèÿ èñòîðèè...............................................282Èððàöèîíàëèçì ...............................................282Èñèõàçì .........................................................283Èñêóññòâåííîå è Åñòåñòâåííîå............................283Èñêóññòâî.......................................................284Èñëàì ............................................................286Èñòèíà...........................................................287Èñòîðèöèçì.....................................................288Èñòîðè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàëèçì ...............................290Èñòîðèÿ..........................................................290Èñòîðèÿ ôèëîñîôèè .........................................291Èóäàèçì .........................................................293Éîãà ..............................................................298Êàáàíèñ..........................................................299Êàááàëà..........................................................299Êàâåëèí..........................................................300Êàêàáàäçå.......................................................301Êàëîêàãàòèÿ ...................................................301Êàëüâèí ......................................................... 301Êàìïàíåëëà .................................................... 302Êàìþ .............................................................302Êàíåòòè.........................................................303Êàíò..............................................................303Êàïïàäîêèéñêàÿ øêîëà....................................876Êàðäèíåð ........................................................305Êàðååâ............................................................305Êàðìà.............................................................306Êàðíàï...........................................................306Êàðñàâèí ........................................................307Êàðòåçèàíñòâî .................................................308Êàññèðåð.........................................................308Êàñòà.............................................................308Êàñòàíåäà .......................................................308Êàòàðñèñ.........................................................309Êàòàðòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä........................................309Êàòàñòðîôà ñîöèàëüíàÿ ....................................309Êàòàôàòè÷åñêàÿ òåîëîãèÿ..................................309Êàòåãîðèè êóëüòóðû.........................................310Êàòåãîðè÷åñêèé èìïåðàòèâ................................310

Êàòåãîðèÿ.......................................................310Êàòåêñèñ.........................................................311Êàòîëè÷åñòâî ..................................................311Êàóçàëüíîñòü ..................................................311Êàóòñêèé........................................................311Êàôêà ............................................................312Êà÷åñòâî è Êîëè÷åñòâî .....................................312Êâèåòèçì........................................................313Êåäðîâ............................................................313Êèíèêè .......................................................... 313Êèðååâñêèé .....................................................313Êèðåíàèêè ......................................................314Êèðèëë Òóðîâñêèé ...........................................314Êèñòÿêîâñêèé..................................................314Êèòàéñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ......................................315Êëàññ.............................................................316Êëàññèôèêàöèÿ ............................................316Êëèìåíò Ñìîëÿòè÷...........................................317Êëîññîâñêèé....................................................317Êîâàëåâñêèé....................................................317Êîãåí .............................................................318Êîãíèòèâíûé äèññîíàíñ....................................318Êîæåâ ............................................................319Êîçåð .............................................................319Êîçëîâ ........................................................... 320Êîëëåêòèâíîå áåññîçíàòåëüíîå...........................321Êîëëèíãâóä.....................................................321Êîììóíèçì .....................................................322Êîììóíèêàöèÿ ................................................322Êîìïëåêñ........................................................323Êîíâåíöèîíàëèçì ............................................323Êîíäèëüÿê......................................................324Êîíäîðñå.........................................................324Êîíèññêèé ......................................................324Êîííîòàöèÿ ....................................................325Êîíñåðâàòèçì ..................................................325Êîíñòðóêò.......................................................327Êîíñòðóêòèâíûé òèï........................................327Êîíò ..............................................................328Êîíòåêñò ........................................................329Êîíòðêóëüòóðà ................................................ 329Êîíòðîëü ñîöèàëüíûé ......................................330Êîíôèãóðèðîâàíèå ...........................................330Êîíôëèêò .......................................................330Êîíôëèêòîëîãèÿ..............................................330Êîíôóöèé .......................................................331Êîíöåïò..........................................................331Êîíöåïòóàëèçàöèÿ ...........................................331Êîíöåïòóàëèçì................................................332Êîïåðíèê........................................................ 333Êîïèåâè÷........................................................333Êîðø .............................................................333Êîñìèçì .........................................................334Êîñìèçì ðóññêèé.............................................334Êîòàðáèíüñêèé................................................334Êîõëåâñêèé.....................................................335Êîýâîëþöèÿ ....................................................335Êîÿëîâè÷........................................................336Êðàñîòà..........................................................336Êðàòèë...........................................................338

Êðèñòåâà.........................................................338Êðèøíà..........................................................340Êðîíåð ...........................................................340Êðîïîòêèí ......................................................341Êðî÷å.............................................................342Êóàéí.............................................................343Êóçàíñêèé Íèêîëàé .........................................344Êóëè..............................................................344Êóëüòóðà ........................................................344Êóëüòóðíîãî îòñòàâàíèÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ...................346Êóëüòóðíî-èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà .........................346Êóëüòóðîëîãèÿ ................................................347Êóí................................................................348Êüåðêåãîð .......................................................349Êýððîëë..........................................................350Ëàáèðèíò........................................................351Ëàáðèîëà........................................................351Ëàâðîâ ........................................................... 352Ëàêàí.............................................................352Ëàêàòîñ..........................................................353Ëàìàðê...........................................................354Ëàìåòðè..........................................................354Ëàî-Öçû.........................................................355Ëàïëàñ ........................................................... 355Ëàïïî-Äàíèëåâñêèé .........................................355Ëàïøèí..........................................................356Ëàóêñìèí........................................................357Ëåáîí.............................................................357Ëåâè-Áðþëü.....................................................357Ëåâèíàñ..........................................................358Ëåâè-Ñòðîññ ....................................................358Ëåâèöêèé........................................................359Ëåâêèïï ......................................................... 360Ëåãèòèìíîñòü..................................................360Ëåéáíèö ......................................................... 360Ëåéíã.............................................................361Ëåì................................................................362Ëåíèí.............................................................362Ëåíèíèçì........................................................363Ëåí÷èöêèé......................................................363Ëåîíòüåâ À. Í..................................................363Ëåîíòüåâ Ê. Í..................................................363Ëåðó...............................................................364Ëåññèíã ..........................................................364Ëèáåðàëèçì.....................................................365Ëèáèäî...........................................................366Ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêèé ïîâîðîò..................................367Ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîé îòíîñèòåëüíîñòè êîíöåïöèÿ......367Ëèíêîñ...........................................................368Ëèîòàð ...........................................................368Ëèòâèí...........................................................369Ëèöèíèé Íàìûñëîâñêèé ...................................369Ëè÷íîñòü ........................................................369Ëîâàí.............................................................371Ëîãèêà ...........................................................371Ëîãîñ .............................................................372Ëîêê..............................................................373Ëîìáðîçî ........................................................374Ëîïàòèí .........................................................375Ëîðåíö ...........................................................376

Ëîñåâ .............................................................376Ëîññêèé Â.Í...................................................377Ëîññêèé Í.0...................................................378Ëîòìàí...........................................................379Ëóêàñåâè÷.......................................................379Ëóêà÷.............................................................380Ëóêìàí...........................................................380Ëóìàí ............................................................381Ëóðèÿ.............................................................381Ëûùèíñêèé ....................................................382Ëüþèñ Êëàéâ Ñ................................................382Ëüþèñ Êëàðåíñ È.............................................384Ëþáîâü...........................................................384Ëþòåð.............................................................387Ìàéåâòèêà......................................................388Ìàéìîí .......................................................... 388Ìàéìîíèä.......................................................388Ìàéòðåéÿ........................................................388Ìàêèàâåëëè ....................................................388Ìàê-Ëþýí.......................................................389Ìàëèíîâñêèé ..................................................390Ìàëüáðàíø.....................................................391Ìàëüòóñ..........................................................391Ìàìàðäàøâèëè................................................392das Man..........................................................393Ìàíèõåéñòâî ...................................................394Ìàíòðà...........................................................394Ìàíõåéì.........................................................394Ìàðáóðãñêàÿ øêîëà íåîêàíòèàíñòâà...................395Ìàðãèíàëüíîñòü...............................................397Ìàðèíåòòè ......................................................398Ìàðèòåí .........................................................399Ìàðê Àâðåëèé Àíòîíèí....................................401Ìàðêñ.............................................................401Ìàðêñèçì........................................................402Ìàðêñèçì � ëåíèíèçì.....................................402Ìàðêóçå..........................................................402Ìàðñåëü..........................................................403Ìàñëîó...........................................................405Ìàññîâàÿ êóëüòóðà...........................................405Ìàññîâîå ñîçíàíèå............................................406Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ ëîãèêà....................................406Ìàòåðèàëèçì...................................................407Ìàòåðèàëüíîå åäèíñòâî ìèðà.............................407Ìàòåðèÿ .........................................................407Ìàõ ...............................................................409Ìåáèóñ ...........................................................409Ìåãàìàøèíà....................................................409Ìåãàðñêàÿ øêîëà.............................................410Ìåãðåëèäçå......................................................410Ìåäèòàöèÿ......................................................411Ìåéåð.............................................................412Ìåíü..............................................................413Ìåðà ..............................................................413Ìåðåæêîâñêèé.................................................414Ìåðëî-Ïîíòè...................................................414Ìåðòîí...........................................................416Ìåòàïñèõîëîãèÿ ..............................................417Ìåòàòåîðèÿ.....................................................417Ìåòàôèçèêà ....................................................417

Ìåòàôîðà........................................................419Ìåòåìïñèõîçà..................................................420Ìåòîä.............................................................420Ìåòîä ñâîáîäíûõ àññîöèàöèé.............................420Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ...................................................420Ìåõàíèöèçì....................................................421Ìå÷íèêîâ........................................................421Ìèä Äæ. Ã.......................................................422Ìèä Ì............................................................422Ìèêðîïñèõîàíàëèç...........................................423Ìèëëåíàðèçì ..................................................423Ìèëëñ............................................................423Ìèëëü............................................................424Ìèëþêîâ ........................................................425Ìèðîâîççðåíèå.................................................425Ìèñòèêà.........................................................426Ìèòèí............................................................429Ìèô...............................................................430Ìèôîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà....................................430Ìèôîëîãèÿ .....................................................431Ìèõàéëîâñêèé.................................................434Ìîáèëüíîñòü ñîöèàëüíàÿ ..................................434Ìîäà..............................................................435Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå................................................435Ìîäåëü...........................................................435Ìîäåðíèçàöèè êîíöåïöèÿ..................................435Ìîäåðíèçì ......................................................438Ìîäóñ.............................................................439Ìîíàäà...........................................................439Ìîíèçì ..........................................................440Ìîíîòåèçì......................................................440Ìîíòåñêüå.......................................................440Ìîð................................................................441Ìîðàëü...........................................................441Ìîðãàí...........................................................442Ìîðåíî...........................................................442Ìîððèñ...........................................................443Ìîñêîâè÷è ......................................................444Ìîññ ..............................................................444Ìîòèâ ............................................................445Ìîòèâàöèÿ......................................................445Ìóæèëîâñêèé..................................................445Ìóíüå.............................................................445Ìóð................................................................446Ìûñëåäåÿòåëüíîñòü..........................................447Ìûñëåííûé ýêñïåðèìåíò...................................448Ìûøëåíèå......................................................449Ìýìôîðä.........................................................450Íàáëþäåíèå ....................................................452Íàãàðäæóíà ....................................................452Íàäåæäà.........................................................452Íàðáóò...........................................................453Íàðêîàíàëèç...................................................453Íàððàòèâ........................................................453Íàðöèññèçì.....................................................455Íàñèëèå..........................................................456Íàòîðï...........................................................456Íàóêà.............................................................457Íàó÷íàÿ êàðòèíà ìèðà .....................................459Íàöèîíàëèçì ..................................................459

Íàöèÿ............................................................460Íåâðîçû..........................................................460Íåéðàò ...........................................................460Íåìåöêàÿ êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ ....................460Íåíàñèëèÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ è ýòèêà ..........................461Íåîáõîäèìîñòü è Ñëó÷àéíîñòü...........................462Íåîêàíòèàíñòâî...............................................462Íåîìàðêñèçì ...................................................462Íåîïëàòîíèçì .................................................463Íåîïîçèòèâèçì................................................463Íåîïñèõîàíàëèç...............................................464Íåîòîìèçì ......................................................464Íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå.............................................464"Íå-ß"............................................................464Íèêîëàé Êóçàíñêèé .........................................465Íèðâàíà ......................................................... 467Íèöøå ...........................................................467Íîâàëèñ..........................................................469Íîâãîðîäöåâ....................................................4 70Íîâîââåäåíèå ..................................................470Íîìèíàëèçì....................................................471Íîìîòåòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä......................................471Íîîñôåðà ........................................................471Íîðìà ............................................................472Íîñòàëüãèÿ.....................................................473Íîñòàëüãèÿ, íîñòàëüãè÷åñêîå .............................474Íîóìåí...........................................................474Íîýçèñ è Íîýìà ...............................................474Íóöóáèäçå.......................................................474Îáîñíîâàíèå....................................................476Îáðàç æèçíè....................................................476Îáðàçîâàíèå ....................................................478Îáùåíèå.........................................................480Îáùåñòâåííîãî äîãîâîðà òåîðèÿ .........................480Îáùåñòâåííîå ìíåíèå .......................................481Îáùåñòâåííî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ôîðìàöèÿ ...............482Îáùåñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ .................................483Îáùåñòâî........................................................483Îáùåñòâî èçîáèëèÿ..........................................483Îáùå÷åëîâå÷åñêèå öåííîñòè...............................484Îáùíîñòü ñîöèàëüíàÿ.......................................484Îáúåêò ...........................................................484Îáúÿñíåíèå .....................................................484Îãáîðí............................................................485Îäèíî÷åñòâî ....................................................485Îêêàçèîíàëèçì................................................486Îêêàì ............................................................486Îêêàìèçì .......................................................486Îíòîëîãèÿ.......................................................486Îïåðàöèîíàëèçàöèÿ..........................................487Îïåðàöèîíàëèçì ..............................................488Îïåðàöèîíàëüíîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïîíÿòèé ...............489Îïèñàíèå ........................................................490Îïîñðåäîâàíèå .................................................490Îïðàâäàíèå ................................................... 490Îïðåäìå÷èâàíèå è ðàñïðåäìå÷èâàíèå...................491Îïðîâåðæåíèå..................................................492Îïûò..............................................................492Îðãàçì............................................................492Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ...................................493

Îðãàíè÷åñêîå îáùåñòâî .....................................493Îðòåãà-è-Ãàññåò................................................493Îðòîäîêñèÿ .....................................................495Îðóýëë ...........................................................495Îðôèçì...........................................................496"Îñåâîå âðåìÿ".................................................496Îñèïîâ ........................................................... 497"Îñíîâíîé âîïðîñ ôèëîñîôèè"............................497Îñòâàëüä.........................................................497Îòêëîíÿþùååñÿ (äåâèàíòíîå) ïîâåäåíèå..............498Îòêðîâåíèå .....................................................498Îòêðûòîå îáùåñòâî ..........................................500Îòðàæåíèå ......................................................501Îò÷óæäåíèå.....................................................501Îöåíêà ...........................................................502Îùóùåíèå.......................................................503Ïàâåë Àïîñòîë ................................................504Ïàâëîâ...........................................................504Ïàíòåèçì........................................................504Ïàðàäèãìà ......................................................504Ïàðàíàó÷íîå çíàíèå .........................................505Ïàðàöåëüñ.......................................................505Ïàðåéñîí ........................................................506Ïàðåòî ...........................................................507Ïàðìåíèä........................................................508Ïàðñîíñ..........................................................508Ïàñêàëü..........................................................509Ïàòðèñòèêà.....................................................510Ïåäàãîãèêà .....................................................511Ïåéí..............................................................512Ïåðåíåñåíèå ....................................................512Ïåðèïàòåòè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà..................................512Ïåðñîíàëèçì ...................................................513Ïåòð Àáåëÿð....................................................514Ïåòð Äàìèàíè .................................................514Ïåòð èç Ãîíåíäçà.............................................514Ïåòðàæèöêèé..................................................515Ïåòðîâ ........................................................... 515Ïèàæå............................................................516Ïèåòèçì .........................................................516Ïèêî äåëëà Ìèðàíäîëà.....................................517ÏèðñÏèñàðåâ..........................................................518Ïèôàãîð .........................................................518Ïèôàãîðåèçì...................................................518Ïëàòîí...........................................................519Ïëåñíåð..........................................................523Ïëåòîí...........................................................524Ïëåõàíîâ........................................................524Ïëîòèí...........................................................524Ïëþðàëèçì .....................................................525Ïîâåäåíèå.......................................................525Ïîäñîçíàíèå....................................................526Ïîäòâåðæäåíèå................................................526Ïîäõîä...........................................................526Ïîçèòèâèçì.....................................................527Ïîçíàíèå........................................................527Ïîëàíè........................................................... 528Ïîëèìîðôíàÿ ñåêñóàëüíîñòü..............................529Ïîëèòåèçì è Ìîíîòåèçì...................................529

Ïîëèòèêà ....................................................... 529Ïîëèòöåð........................................................530Ïîìåðàíö........................................................530Ïîíèìàíèå......................................................531Ïîíèìàþùàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ..................................532Ïîíÿòèå ......................................................... 533Ïîïïåð...........................................................533Ïîðÿäîê ñîöèàëüíûé........................................535Ïîñòèíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî...........................535Ïîñòìîäåðíèçì ................................................536Ïîñòïîçèòèâèçì...............................................537Ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèçì ..........................................537Ïîñòóëàò ........................................................537Ïîñòôðåéäèçì..................................................538Ïîòåáíÿ..........................................................538Ïîòåé.............................................................538Ïðàâî.............................................................538Ïðàâîñëàâèå....................................................540Ïðàãìàòèçì.....................................................541Ïðàêñåîëîãèÿ.................................................. 541Ïðàêòèêà........................................................542Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå.................................................543Ïðèáàâî÷íàÿ ðåãðåññèÿ .....................................543Ïðèãîæèé.......................................................544Ïðèíöèï.........................................................544Ïðèíöèï íèðâàíû............................................544Ïðèíöèï ïîñòîÿíñòâà.......................................544Ïðèíöèï ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè............................544Ïðèíöèï ðåàëüíîñòè ........................................544Ïðèíöèï óäîâîëüñòâèÿ .....................................545Ïðèíöèïû ïñèõè÷åñêîé æèçíè ..........................545Ïðèðîäà..........................................................545Ïðè÷èíà è ñëåäñòâèå ........................................546Ïðîáëåìà........................................................546Ïðîáëåìàòèçàöèÿ.............................................547Ïðîâèäåíèå.....................................................548Ïðîâèäåíöèàëèçì ............................................ 548Ïðîãíîç..........................................................548Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå..............................................549Ïðîãðàììà......................................................549Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå ...........................................550Ïðîãðàììèðîâàííîå îáùåñòâî............................ 551Ïðîãðåññ.........................................................551Ïðîåêò ...........................................................552Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå............................................... 553Ïðîèçâîäñòâî .................................................. 553Ïðîêë ............................................................ 554Ïðîëåãîìåíû................................................... 554Ïðîïåäåâòèêà..................................................554Ïðîñâåùåíèå ................................................... 554Ïðîñòðàíñòâî è Âðåìÿ ...................................... 555Ïðîòàãîð ........................................................ 555Ïðîòåñòàíòèçì.................................................555Ïðîòåñòàíòñêàÿ ýòèêà ......................................556Ïðîòèâîðå÷èå ..................................................558Ïñèõîàíàëèç................................................... 558Ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ãåðìåíåâòèêà.....................559Ïñèõîáèîãðàôèÿ .............................................. 559Ïñèõîäðàìà.....................................................559Ïñèõîëîãèÿ.....................................................559

Ïñèõîëîãèÿ ìàññ..............................................560Ïñèõîñîìàòèêà................................................560Ïóðàíû ..........................................................560Ðàâåíñòâî ..................................................561Ðàäèùåâ ......................................................... 561Ðàäêëèô-Áðàóí................................................ 561Ðàçâèòèå......................................................... 562Ðàéõ .............................................................. 562Ðàìàêðèøíà.................................................... 563Ðàíê .............................................................. 563Ðàïïîðò.......................................................... 563Ðàñîâî-àíòðîïîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà.......................563Ðàñïðåäìå÷èâàíèå ............................................ 564Ðàññåë............................................................ 564Ðàöèîíàëèçì...................................................565Ðåàëèçì..........................................................566Ðåâèçèîíèçì....................................................567Ðåãðåññèÿ........................................................567Ðåäóêöèîíèçì..................................................567Ðåèíêàðíàöèÿ .................................................568Ðåéê .................,............................................ 568Ðåéñíåð .......................................................... 568Ðåêëàìà.......................................................... 568Ðåëèãèÿ..........................................................569Ðåðèõè ........................................................... 570Ðåôëåêñèÿ.......................................................571Ðèçîìà ...........................................................572Ðèêåð.............................................................573Ðèêêåðò..........................................................574Ðèñìåí ........................................................... 574Ðèòóàë ........................................................... 574Ðîäæåð Áýêîí..................................................575Ðîäæåðñ.......................................................... 575Ðîçàíîâ .......................................................... 576Ðîçåíáåðã........................................................578Ðîçåíöâåéã......................................................578Ðîëü ñîöèàëüíàÿ.............................................. 578Ðîìàíòèçì ...................................................... 578Ðîðòè............................................................. 580Ðîñòîó............................................................ 581Ðóáèíøòåéí.................................................... 582Ðóññêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ .......................................... 582Ðóññî..............................................................585Ñàâîíàðîëà ..................................................... 588Ñàä äå ............................................................ 590Ñàëëèâàí........................................................ 592Ñàìàðèí ......................................................... 592Ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèå.............................................. 593Ñàìîñîçíàíèå .................................................. 593Ñàìîñòü.......................................................... 595Ñàìîñóáëèìèðîâàíèå ñåêñóàëüíîñòè.................... 595Ñàíñàðà.......................................................... 595Ñàíòàÿíà........................................................ 595Ñàïåãà............................................................ 596Ñàðáåâñêèé .....................................................596Ñàðòð.............................................................596Ñàõàðîâ.......................................................... 599Ñâåäåíáîðã......................................................600Ñâîáîäà..........................................................601Ñâîáîäà âîëè...................................................602

Ñãóùåíèå........................................................603Ñåêñ...............................................................603Ñåêñò ýìïèðèê.................................................607Ñåêñóàëüíàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ....................................607Ñåëëàðñ ..........................................................608Ñåìèîòèêà ...................................................... 608Ñåìü ìóäðåöîâ.................................................609Ñåìüÿ.............................................................609Ñåíåêà............................................................610Ñåí-Ñèìîí ......................................................610Ñåíñóàëèçì .....................................................611Ñå÷åíîâ ..........................................................612Ñèëëîãèçì ......................................................612Ñèìâîë...........................................................614Ñèìâîë âåðû ...................................................615Ñèìâîëè÷åñêèé èíòåðàêöèîíèçì ........................616Ñèìåîí Ïîëîöêèé............................................617Ñèìóëÿêð ....................................................... 617Ñèíåðãåòèêà....................................................618Ñèíòîèçì........................................................619Ñèñòåìà..........................................................619"Ñêàíäàë â ôèëîñîôèè" ....................................620Ñêàðãà............................................................620Ñêåïòèöèçì.....................................................620Ñêîâîðîäà.......................................................621Ñêîðèíà..........................................................621Ñêîðóëüñêèé ...................................................622Ñêîò Ýðèóãåíà.................................................622Ñêîòèçì..........................................................622Ñëàâÿíîôèëüñòâî.............................................622Ñëó÷àéíîñòü â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå ................623Ñìä-Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ.............................................624Ñìåðòü ...........................................................625Ñìåðòü àâòîðà .................................................626Ñìåðòü Áîãà....................................................626Ñìåðòü ñóáúåêòà ..............................................626Ñìåõ ..............................................................628Ñìåùåíèå (ñäâèã).............................................628Ñìèò..............................................................628Ñìîòðèöêèé ....................................................629Ñìûñë è çíà÷åíèå ............................................629Ñíîâèäåíèÿ.....................................................630Ñíÿäåöêèé À...................................................630Ñíÿäåöêèé ß...................................................630Ñîáîðíîñòü......................................................630Ñîâåòñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ .......................................631Ñîäåðæàíèå è ôîðìà.........................................631Ñîäåðæàòåëüíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêàÿ ëîãèêà...................631Ñîçåðöàíèå......................................................632Ñîçíàíèå ........................................................632Ñîêðàò ........................................................... 633Ñîêðàòè÷åñêèå øêîëû ......................................635Ñîëæåíèöûí ...................................................638Ñîëèïñèçì ......................................................639Ñîëîâüåâ.........................................................639Ñîí................................................................641Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå.................................................641Ñîðîêèí..........................................................641Ñîñëîâèå.........................................................643Ñîññþð ...........................................................643

Ñîôèîëîãèÿ.....................................................643Ñîôèñòèêà .....................................................644Ñîôèÿ ............................................................645Ñîöèàëèçàöèÿ .................................................646Ñîöèàëèçì......................................................649Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ãðóïïà ..........................................649Ñîöèàëüíàÿ äèñòàíöèÿ .....................................650Ñîöèàëüíàÿ èåðàðõèÿ.......................................650Ñîöèàëüíàÿ êàòàñòðîôà....................................651Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ìèôîëîãèÿ.....................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ìîáèëüíîñòü ..................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ îáùíîñòü ......................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ ..................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ðîëü .............................................652Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñòàòèñòèêà ....................................653Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ...............................653Ñîöèàëüíàÿ óñòàíîâêà......................................654Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ.....................................654Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ýâîëþöèÿ ......................................654Ñîöèàëüíîãî îáìåíà êîíöåïöèÿ .........................655Ñîöèàëüíîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå...............................656Ñîöèàëüíîå âðåìÿ............................................656Ñîöèàëüíîå äåéñòâèå ........................................658Ñîöèàëüíîå íàñèëèå.........................................658Ñîöèàëüíîå ðàâåíñòâî.......................................659Ñîöèàëüíûé àòîì ............................................660Ñîöèàëüíûé èíñòèòóò ......................................660Ñîöèàëüíûé êîíòðîëü ......................................661Ñîöèàëüíûé ïîðÿäîê........................................661Ñîöèàëüíûé ðåàëèçì........................................662Ñîöèàëüíûé ñòàòóñ ..........................................663Ñîöèàëüíûé ñòåðåîòèï......................................877Ñîöèí.............................................................663Ñîöèíèàíñòâî..................................................663Ñîöèîáèîëîãèÿ ................................................664Ñîöèîãðàììà...................................................664Ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèé ïñèõîëîãèçì...........................664Ñîöèîëîãèÿ.....................................................665Ñîöèîëîãèÿ çíàíèÿ ..........................................667Ñîöèîìàòðèöà .................................................670Ñîöèîìåòðè÷åñêèé òåñò.....................................671Ñîöèîìåòðèÿ ...................................................671Ñïåíñåð ..........................................................672Ñïèíîçà..........................................................673Ñïèðèòóàëèçì .................................................674Ñðåäíåâåêîâàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ .................................674Ñòàëèí...........................................................678Ñòàíêåâè÷.......................................................678Ñòàòóñ ñîöèàëüíûé...........................................678Ñòåïèí ...........................................................678Ñòåïóí ........................................................... 679Ñòèëü íàó÷íîãî ìûøëåíèÿ................................679Ñòèëü õóäîæåñòâåííûé.....................................680Ñòèõèéíîå è ñîçíàòåëüíîå â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå..............................................Ñòîèöèçì........................................................681Ñòîðãå............................................................682Ñòðàòà............................................................683Ñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ...............................683Ñòðàõîâ..........................................................683Ñòðóâå............................................................684

Ñòðóãàöêèå .....................................................685Ñòðóêòóðà.......................................................686Ñòðóêòóðàëèçì ................................................686Ñóàðåñ ............................................................686Ñóáêóëüòóðà....................................................687Ñóáëèìàöèÿ .................................................... 688Ñóáñòàíöèÿ.....................................................688Ñóáúåêò è îáúåêò.............................................688Ñóäçóêè..........................................................689Ñóäüáà............................................................689Ñóæäåíèå........................................................689Ñóôèçì...........................................................689Ñóùíîñòü è ÿâëåíèå.........................................692Ñõåìà.............................................................692Ñõîëàñòèêà.....................................................692Ñ÷àñòüå...........................................................696Ñþððåàëèçì.....................................................696Òàáó...............................................................698Òàâòîëîãèÿ .....................................................698Òàéëîð ........................................................... 698Òàíàòîñ .......................................................... 698Òàíòðèçì........................................................699Òàðä...............................................................700Òàðñêèé.......................................................... 700Òàòàðêåâè÷ ..................................................... 701Òâîð÷åñòâî......................................................701Òåèçì.............................................................701Òåéÿð äå Øàðäåí .............................................703Òåêñò ............................................................. 704Òåëåîëîãèÿ ..................................................... 705Òåííèñ ........................................................... 706Òåîäèöåÿ ........................................................707Òåîëîãèÿ ........................................................707Òåîðèÿ ........................................................... 709Òåîñîôèÿ ........................................................709Òåðìèí...........................................................709Òåðìèíèçì...................................................... 710Òåðòóëëèàí..................................................... 710Òåñò...............................................................712Òåóðãèÿ ..........................................................712Òåõíèêà.......................................................... 712Òåõíîêðàòèçìà òåîðèè...................................... 714Òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé äåòåðìèíèçì ........................... 714Òåõíîôîáèÿ..................................................... 714Òèáåòñêàÿ "Êíèãà ìåðòâûõ" ..............................715Òèëëèõ...........................................................715Òèïîëîãèçàöèÿ................................................715Òîæäåñòâî è ðàçëè÷èå....................................... 716Òîéíáè........................................................... 716Òîêâèëü.......................................................... 717Òîëàíä ........................................................... 717Òîëêèí...........................................................718Òîëñòîé..........................................................719Òîìèçì........................................................... 720Òîïèêà........................................................... 720Òîòàëèòàðèçì.................................................. 722Òîòåì.............................................................722Òîòåìèçì........................................................ 723Òîôôëåð .........................................................723Òðàâìà ðîæäåíèÿ............................................. 724

Òðàäèöèîííîå îáùåñòâî.................................... 724Òðàäèöèÿ........................................................ 724Òðàíñãðåññèÿ ................................................... 726Òðàíñôåð ........................................................726Òðàíñôîðìàöèîííûå ïðîöåññû â îáùåñòâå ...........726Òðàíñöåíäåíòàëèè............................................727Òðàíñöåíäåíòàëüíîå åäèíñòâî àïïåðöåïöèè.......... 727Òðàíñöåíäåíòíîå è òðàíñöåíäåíòàëüíîå............... 728Òðàíñöåíäåíöèÿ............................................... 728Òðåëü÷............................................................ 728Òðèíèòàðèçì ................................................... 729Òðîèöà ...........................................................729Òðîöêèé ......................................................... 730Òðóáåöêîé Å.Í................................................731Òðóáåöêîé Ñ.Í................................................ 732Òóãàí-Áàðàíîâñêèé........................................... 732Òóëìèí........................................................... 733Òóðåí ............................................................. 734Òûëêîâñêèé .................................................... 735Òþðãî............................................................. 735Óàéò .............................................................. 736Óàéòõåä.......................................................... 736Óçíàäçå .......................................................... 738Óèëüÿì Îêêàì................................................ 738Óìîçàêëþ÷åíèå................................................739Óíàìóíî......................................................... 739Óíèâåðñàëèè ................................................... 741Óîðä .............................................................. 742Óïàíèøàäû..................................................... 743Óñòàíîâêà ñîöèàëüíàÿ...................................... 743Óòîïèÿ........................................................... 743Óõòîìñêèé...................................................... 744Ó÷èòåëÿ öåðêâè............................................... 744Ôàêò.............................................................. 745Ôàëåñ............................................................. 745Ôàëüêîâñêèé................................................... 745Ôàëüñèôèêàöèÿ............................................... 745Ôàòàëèçì .......................................................745Ôàøèçì.......................................................... 745Ôåäîðîâ.......................................................... 746Ôåäîòîâ.......................................................... 747Ôåéåðàáåíä ..................................................... 747Ôåéåðáàõ........................................................ 748Ôåìèíèçì....................................................... 749Ôåíîìåíîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ........................ 750Ôåíîìåíîëîãè÷åñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèç...................... 751Ôåíîìåíîëîãèÿ................................................ 751Ôåðåíöè ......................................................... 753Ôåððàðîòòè..................................................... 754Ôèêñàöèÿ ....................................................... 754Ôèëèîêâå ....................................................... 755Ôèëèïîâè÷ ..................................................... 755Ôèëèÿ............................................................ 755Ôèëîñîôèÿ ..................................................... 756Ôèëîñîôèÿ Áåëàðóñè........................................ 758Ôèëîñîôèÿ âîçðîæäåíèÿ................................... 763Ôèëîñîôèÿ æèçíè............................................ 763Ôèëîñîôèÿ èñòîðèè ......................................... 764Ôèëîñîôèÿ ïðîñâåùåíèÿ................................... 765Ôèëîñîôèÿ òåõíèêè......................................... 765

Ôèëîñîôñêèå îñíîâàíèÿ íàóêè .......................... 767Ôèõòå ............................................................ 767Ôèøåð ........................................................... 769Ôëîðåíñêèé .................................................... 769Ôëîðåíòèéñêèé ïëàòîíèçì................................ 771Ôëîðîâñêèé .................................................... 772Ôîìà Àêâèíñêèé ............................................. 772Ôîðìà............................................................ 772Ôîðìàëèçàöèÿ................................................. 772Ôîðìàëüíàÿ øêîëà â ñîöèîëîãèè....................... 773Ôðàíê............................................................ 773Ôðàíêë .......................................................... 775Ôðàíêôóðòñêàÿ øêîëà ..................................... 775Ôðàíöèñê Àññèçñêèé ........................................ 777Ôðåãå .............................................................777Ôðåéä À......................................................... 778Ôðåéä 3.......................................................... 778Ôðèäìàí......................................................... 779Ôðèäìåí......................................................... 780Ôðîìì............................................................ 780Ôðîìì-Ðåéõìàí............................................... 781Ôðýçåð............................................................ 781Ôóêî.............................................................. 782Ôóíêöèÿ ........................................................ 783Ôóòóðèçì........................................................783Ôóòóðîëîãèÿ ................................................... 783Õàáåðìàñ ........................................................ 785Õàéàì............................................................ 786Õàéäåããåð .......................................................789Õàéåê.............................................................790Õàðèçìà ......................................................... 790Õâîñòîâ..........................................................791Õåéçèíãà ........................................................792Õèëèàçì......................................................... 792Õèíòèêêà ....................................................... 792Õîëèçì...........................................................793Õîëîäíûé....................................................... 793Õîìàíñ........................................................... 794Õîìñêèé......................................................... 794Õîìÿêîâ......................................................... 795Õîðêõàéìåð ....................................................795Õîðíè ............................................................ 796Õðèñòèàíñòâî.................................................. 796Õðèñòîñ.......................................................... 797Öåííîñòíûå îðèåíòàöèè....................................798Öåííîñòü ........................................................ 798Öåðêîâü..........................................................799Öèâèëèçàöèÿ .................................................. 799Öèâèëèçàöèÿ ðèñêà..........................................799Öèîëêîâñêèé...................................................800Öèöåðîí .........................................................801Öÿïèíñêèé ..................................................... 801×ààäàåâ ..........................................................802×àõîâèö .........................................................802×åëîâåê..........................................................802×åëïàíîâ........................................................804×åðíûøåâñêèé.................................................804×èæåâñêèé......................................................805×è÷åðèí..........................................................806×òåíèå ...........................................................807

×óäî ..............................................................809Øàäóðñêèé .....................................................810Øàìáàëà........................................................810Øàíêàðà ........................................................810Øàðêî............................................................810Øâåéöåð.........................................................811Øåëåð............................................................811Øåëëèíã ........................................................812Øåðòîê ..........................................................814Øåñòîâ...........................................................814Øèçîàíàëèç....................................................815Øèëëåð..........................................................818Øëåãåëü.........................................................819Øëåéåðìàõåð ..................................................820Øëèê.............................................................821Øìèòò ...........................................................821Øîâèíèçì.......................................................822Øîïåíãàóýð.....................................................823Øïåíãëåð .......................................................824Øïåò .............................................................825Øòåéíòàëü .....................................................826Øòèðíåð.........................................................826Øóòö .............................................................826Øþö..............................................................827Ùåäðîâèöêèé..................................................828Ýâäåìîíèçì.....................................................829Ýâîëþöèîíèçì.................................................829Ýâòàíàçèÿ.......................................................829Ýâîëþöèÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ ......................................830Ýãî-ïðîöåññ .....................................................830Ýãîèçì............................................................830Ýäèïîâ êîìïëåêñ..............................................830"Ýäèïîâ ýôôåêò" ..............................................831Ýéäîñ.............................................................831Ýêçåãåòèêà......................................................832Ýêçèñòåíöèàëèçì .............................................833Ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíûé àíàëèç.................................835Ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíûé ïñèõîàíàëèç.........................835Ýêçèñòåíöèÿ....................................................835Ýêî................................................................835"Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ïåññèìèçì"...............................836Ýêîëîãèÿ ........................................................836Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ................................837Ýêñïåðèìåíò....................................................838Ýêñïåðòîêðàòèÿ ...............................................838Ýêñïëèêàöèÿ...................................................838Ýêñòàç............................................................839Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ................................................839Ýêñòðåìàëüíàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ...................................839Ýêõàðò ........................................................... 840Ýëåìåíòû........................................................840Ýëèàäå............................................................840Ýëèòû òåîðèè..................................................842Ýëëþëü...........................................................843Ýìàíàöèÿ........................................................843Ýìïåäîêë........................................................844Ýìïèðèçì........................................................845Ýìïèðè÷åñêîå è Òåîðåòè÷åñêîå ...........................845Ýíãåëüñ...........................................................846Ýíòåëåõèÿ.......................................................846

Ýíòðîïèÿ........................................................846Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ .................................................846Ýîí ................................................................847Ýïèêóð ........................................................... 847Ýïèñòåìîëîãèÿ.................................................847Ýðàçì Ðîòòåðäàìñêèé.......................................848Ýðèêñîí..........................................................848Ýðí ................................................................849Ýðîñ ...............................................................850Ýñòåòèêà.........................................................850Ýñõàòîëîãèÿ....................................................852Ýòèêà.............................................................853Ýòíîìåòîäîëîãèÿ..............................................854Ýòíîñ .............................................................856Ýòíîöåíòðèçì..................................................856Ýòîñ...............................................................857Ýôèð ..............................................................857Þì ................................................................858Þíã...............................................................859Þíãåð ............................................................859Þðêåâè÷.........................................................860Þñòèí............................................................860ß...................................................................862ßçûê..............................................................863ßçûê èñêóññòâà ...............................................868ßçûêîâûå èãðû................................................869ßçû÷åñòâî.......................................................870ßêîâåíêî........................................................872ßí è Èíü........................................................872ßñèíñêèé........................................................873ßñïåðñ............................................................873

Àâòîðû ñòàòåé

ÀÁÓØÅÍÊÎ Â.Ë. Àêñèîëîãèÿ, Àêñèîìàòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä, Àê-ñèîìåòðèÿ, Àëèçàðîâñêèé, Áàêðàäçå, ÁàêóíèíÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐÎÂÀ Ñ.Í. Àäîðíî.ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐÎÂÈ× Í.Â. Äàðåíäîðô, Ñîðîêèí.ÀËÅÊÑÅÅÂÀ Å.À. Äåêàðò.ÀÍÄÐÅÅÂÀ È.Í. Êàóòñêèé, Êðîïîòêèí, Ëîêê, Îáùåñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ, Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ðîëü.ÁÀÁÀÉÖÅ À.Þ. Ãíîñåîëîãèÿ, Èñêóññòâåííîå è Åñòåñòâåííîå, Êîììóíèêàöèÿ, Êîíôèãóðèðîâàíèå, ÌàìàðÁÀÁÎÑΠÅ.Ì. Àðîí, Áåëë, Èíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî, Ìåãàìàøèíà, Ìýìôîðä, Ïðîãðàììèðîâàííîå îáùåñÁÀÊÀÍΠÀ.À. Áåíòàì, Ãýëáðåéò, Ìàëüòóñ, Ñìèò, Òþð-ãî, Õàéåê.ÁÀÊÀÍÎÂÀ Ì.Ã. Âåáëåí, Ãýëáðåéò.ÁÀÐÀÍΠÍ.Ï. Ýêñòðåìàëüíàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ.ÁÀÐÀÍ×ÈÊ Þ.Â. Âåðèôèêàöèÿ, Âèòãåíøòåéí, Ãèéîì, Ëàêàòîñ, Ïîçèòèâèçì, Òàðñêèé, Ôàëüñèôèêàöèÿ, ÔîÁÀÐÊÎÂÑÊÀß À.Â. Áèîñôåðà, Ìàòåðèÿ, Ìåòàôèçèêà, Íîîñôåðà, Ïðèðîäà, Ýêîëîãèÿ.ÁÅÇÍÞÊ Ä.Ê.Àêñàêîâ È.Ñ., Àêñàêîâ Ê.Ñ., Çàïàäíè÷åñòâî, Çåíüêîâñêèé, Êèðååâñêèé, Ëåîíòüåâ Ê.Í., ÁÅÊÓ Ñ Í.Ý. Ðîçàíîâ.ÁÅËßÅ Ã.Â. Àëãîðèòì, Àíòèíîìèÿ, Àòîìèñòèêà, Áåñêîíå÷íîå, Áåñêîíå÷íîå ëîãè÷åñêîå, ÌàòåðèàëüíîåÁÅÐÊΠÂ.Ô. Äàâèä Àíàõò, Äåäóêöèÿ, Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî, Èíäóêöèÿ, Êàòåãîðèÿ, Ëîãèêà, Ïîíÿòèå, ÏðîáëÁÎÁÊÎÂÀ À.Í. Ðåêëàìà.ÁÎÁÐÎÂÈ× Â.È. Êîíñåðâàòèçì, Øìèòò.ÁÎÄßÊÎ Â.À. Ëîññêèé Â.Í.ÁÎÍÍÅÐ Å.Ã. Ñàõàðîâ.ÁÓËÛÍÊÎ Ä.Ì. Àóòâåéò, Áóðäüå, Áõàñêàð, âàí Äåéê, Êëàññ, Ëîòìàí, Ëóìàí, Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, Ìîñêîâè÷ÁÛÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ À.Í. Ðîçàíîâ.

ÂÀÍ×ÓÊÅÂÈ× À.Â. Àïîñòåðèîðè, Ñîçåðöàíèå, Ôðàíêë.ÂÀÑÈËÅÂÈ× Ã.À. Ïðàâî.ÂÀÑÈÍ À.Â. Íåîòîìèçì, Ïðîòåñòàíòèçì, Òîìèçì.ÂÀØÊÅÂÈ× À.Â. Áàðò, Äèîãåí Ëàýðòèé, Äèîãåí Ñèíîï-ñêèé, Øèçîàíàëèç.ÂÎÐÎÁÜÅÂÀ Ñ.Â. Àáñîëþòèçàöèÿ, Àáñòðàêòíîå è êîíêðåòíîå, Àêòóàëèçàöèÿ, Àíàëèç è Ñèíòåç, ÀíàëîãèÂßÇÎÂÊÈÍ B.C. Àíòðîïíûé ïðèíöèï, Êîýâîëþöèÿ.ÃÎÐÍÛÕ À.À. Âëàñòü, Äåêîíñòðóêöèÿ, Äåððèäà, Êîííîòàöèÿ, Êóëüòóðîëîãèÿ, Ëàêàí, Ëåâè-Ñòðîññ, ÑîñÃÐÈÖÀÍΠÀ.À. Àáñîëþòíîå è Îòíîñèòåëüíîå, Àáñòðàêöèÿ, Àáñóðä, Àáóëèÿ, Àâòîðõàíîâ, Àãàïå, ÀäåêâÀâðåëèé Àíòîíèí, Ìàðêñ, Ìàðêñèçì, Ìàðêñèçì � ëåíèíèçì, Ìàðêóçå, Ìàòåðèàëèçì, Ìåðà, ÌåðåæêîâñêèÃÐÈØÈÍÀ Í.Â.Êîçåð, Êîíôëèêò, Êîíôëèêòîëîãèÿ.ÄÀÂÈÄÞÊ Ã.Ï. Ãóìïëîâè÷, Äþðêãåéì, Êîíò, Ïàðåòî, Ôåððàðîòòè, Øþö.ÄÀÍÈËΠÀ.Í.Òðàíñôîðìàöèîííûå ïðîöåññû â îáùåñòâå.ÄÈÑÜÊÎ Ì.Ð. Äèëåììà, Çåíîí Ýëåéñêèé, Êîííîòàöèÿ.ÄÎÆÄÈÊÎÂÀ Ð.Í. Áàçèñ è Íàäñòðîéêà, Äîãìàòèçì, Ðåâèçèîíèçì.ÄÎÐÎØÅÂÈ× Ý.Ê. Àëèçàðîâñêèé, Áåéëü, Áåëàáëîöêèé, Áîãóø, Áîõâèö, Áóäíûé Á., Áóäíûé Ñ., Âàëîâè÷,ÄÓÄÈÍÑÊÈÉ Ë.Ñ. Äèêòàòóðà ïðîëåòàðèàòà, Ïëþðàëèçì.ÅÐÌÎËÎÂÈ× Ä.Â. Âóíäò, Ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ, Ìàñëîó, Ðîäæåðñ, Òåñò.ÅÊÀÄÓÌΠÀ.È. Òîëêèí.ÆÁÀÍÊΠÌ.Ð. Èãðà, Êàòåãîðèè êóëüòóðû, Êîíòðêóëüòóðà, Ìàññîâàÿ êóëüòóðà, Ìàññîâîå ñîçíàíèå, ÌèÆÁÀÍÊÎÂÀ È.È. Ìèðîâîççðåíèå.ÆÄÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ À.Ï. Ñâîáîäà âîëè.ÆÓÊ È.Â. "Âå÷íîå âîçâðàùåíèå", Âîëÿ ê âëàñòè, Ãåëü-äåðëèí.ÈÃÍÀÒÜÅÂÀ È.Ê. Àëëåãîðèÿ, Ìåòàôîðà, Íîâàëèñ.ÈÇÎÕ Â.Ã. Îáùåñòâî.ÊÀÐÀÊÎ Ï.Ñ. Àäàïòàöèÿ, Âåðíàäñêèé, Âèòàëèçì, Åñòåñòâîçíàíèå, Æèçíü, Õîëîäíûé, ×èæåâñêèé.ÊÀÐÀ×ÓÍ À.Þ. Ñòèëü õóäîæåñòâåííûé.ÊÀÖÓÊ Í.Ë. Ãåññå.ÊÅ×ÈÍÀ Å.À. Äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèé âçðûâ, Äåìîãðàôèÿ, Åâãåíèêà, Ðàñîâî-àíòðîïîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà, ÑîöèîÊÍßÇÅÂÀ Å.Ì. Êðèñòåâà.ÊÎÐÎÑÒÅËÅÂÀ Å.À. Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ãðóïïà, Ñîöèàëüíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ, Ñîöèàëüíûé èíñòèòóò.ÊÎÐØÓÍΠÞ.À. Àêòóàëèçàöèÿ.ÊÐÀÑÀÂÖÅÂÀ È.Í. Îáùåíèå, Ñóáêóëüòóðà, ×òåíèå.ÊÐÈÂÈÖÊÈÉ Ë.Â. Ìàðèòåí, Ìàðñåëü, Ìåäèòàöèÿ, Øîïåíãàóýð, Øòèðíåð.ÊÐÓÒ ËΠÀ.À. Àâãóñòèí Áëàæåííûé, Àâåððîèçì, Àíèìèçì, Àòåèçì, Ãàëèëåé, Ãðåöèè, Äåìèóðã, ÄæàéíèÊÓÄÐßÂÖÅÂÀ Â.È. Àñòðîëîãèÿ.ÊÓÇÍÅÖÎÂÀ Ë.Ô. Íàó÷íàÿ êàðòèíà ìèðà.ÊÓÊÐÀÊ Î.Í. Èñêóññòâî, Ýñòåòèêà.ÊÓ×ÈÍÑÊÈÉ Ã.Ì. Èçìåíåííîå ñîçíàíèå, Èíòåëëåêò, Ïèàæå.ÊÓ×ÊÎ Å.Å. Èííîâàöèîííûå ñîöèàëüíûå òåõíîëîãèè, Èííîâàöèîííûé ïðîöåññ, Íîâîââåäåíèå.ËÀÂÐÓÕÈÍ À.À. Áåëûé À.ËÀÏÈÍÀ Ñ.Â. Ôðàíêôóðòñêàÿ øêîëà.ËÀÏÒÅÍÎÊ Ñ.Ä. Áðàê, Ìîðàëü, Ñåìüÿ.ËÅÂÀÍÞÊ À.Í. Êàóçàëüíîñòü, Ñóáñòàíöèÿ.ËÅÃ×ÈËÈÍ À.À. Øëåéåðìàõåð.ËÅÎÍΠÍ.Í. Âåðîÿòíîñòü, Ñòðóêòóðà, Ôóíêöèÿ.ËÅÍÈÍ Ñ.Ë. Áîãîñëîâèå ïðàâîñëàâíîå, Èñèõàçì, Êâèåòèçì, Íåîòîìèçì, Ïèåòèçì, Ïðàâîñëàâèå, ÒîìèçìËÈÌÀÐÅÍÊÎ À.Ï. Ìèëëü, Ñïåíñåð, Òîêâèëü, Ôîðìàëüíàÿ øêîëà â ñîöèîëîãèè.ËÎÁÀ× Â.Â. Àáñîëþò, Àãíè Éîãà, Áåìå, Áëàâàòñêàÿ, Áóääèçì, Áõàãàâàä-ãèòà, Âåäû, Âèâåêàíàíäà, ÄõËÎÉÊÎ À.È. Äåîíòîëîãèÿ, Äåÿòåëüíîñòü, Äîëã, Èäåàë, Èäåàëèçèðîâàííûé îáúåêò, Èäåàëüíîå, ÌàòåìàòËÎÉÊÎ Ë.Å. Åâðîïîöåíòðèçì.ÌÀÇÀÍÈÊ Ì.Í. Çîìáàðò, Êóëè, Ëåáîí, Ïðîãíîç, Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå, Ïñèõîàíàëèç, Òàðä, Ôðîìì, ÔóòóðîëÌÀÉÁÎÐÎÄÀ Ä.Â. Àãíîñòèöèçì, Àëüòðóèçì, Áûòèå, Ãåäîíèçì, Ãåðìåíåâòèêà, Äèàëîã, Äèàëîãèçì, ÄðóãîÌÀÖÊÅÂÈ× Â.Â. Àíòðîïîòåõíèêà, Èäåàëüíûõ òèïîâ ìåòîä, Ìûñëåäåÿòåëüíîñòü, Ìûøëåíèå, Ïîäõîä, ÏðàêÌÅÄÂÅÄÅÂÀ È.À. Âóëüãàðíûé ìàòåðèàëèçì, Ãîìåîñòàç, Äåòåðìèíèçì, Êàìþ, Îïûò, Ïðè÷èíà è ÑëåäñòâèåÌÅÇßÍÀß Ê.Í. Ïðèãîæèé, Ñèíåðãåòèêà.ÌÅÐÖÀËÎÂÀ À.È. Äåêàáðèñòû, Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ, Íîñòàëüãèÿ, ßí è Èíü.ÌÈÍÅÍÊΠÃ.ß. Áóëãàêîâ, Âñååäèíñòâî, Ãåðîåâ è òîëïû òåîðèÿ, Äàíèëåâñêèé, Êàðñàâèí, ÊóëüòóðîëîãÌÎÆÅÉÊÎ Ì.À. Àâåðèíöåâ, Àâòîêîììóíèêàöèÿ, Àäæîð-íàìåíòî, Àíàêñàãîð, Àíàíêå, Àíòè÷íàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿÌÎÐÎÇΠÈ.Ì. Èíòóèöèÿ.ÍÀËÈÂÀÉÊÎ È.Ì. Ðîìàíòèçì, Øëåãåëü.

ÍÅÑÒÅÐÎÂÈ× È.À. Áîíàâåíòóðà, Èîàíí Ñêîò Ýðèóãåíà, Ñóàðåñ.ÎÂ×ÀÐÅÍÊÎ Â.È. Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, Àâòîðèòàðíàÿ ðåëèãèÿ, Àâòîðõàíîâ, Àëåêñàíäåð Ô., ÀìáèâàëÎÂ×ÀÐÅÍÊÎ È.È. Îäèíî÷åñòâî, Ïñèõîëîãèÿ.ÏÀÂËÎÂÀ À.Ò. Áèîýòèêà.ÏÅÒÓØÊÎÂÀ Å.Â. Àâåíàðèóñ, Àíòðîïîëîãèçì, Àòìàí, Áåññìåðòèå, Âàí ×óí, Âàðòîôñêèé, Ãåêêåëü, ÃåëåÏÎÄÐÓ×ÍÛÉ Ì.Â. Ëåéáíèö.ÏÎËÈÊÀÐÏΠÂ.À. Àïïåðöåïöèÿ, Èíòðîñïåêöèÿ, Ðóáèíøòåéí.ÏÎÏÅËÜÑÊÀß Å.Î. Ñàíòàÿíà.ÏÐÈËÅÏÊÎ Å.Ì. Áåðíøòåéí, Áîãäàíîâ, Ñåí-Ñèìîí, Ñîöèàëüíîå ðàâåíñòâî, Òóãàí-Áàðàíîâñêèé.ÐÀÄÈÎÍÎÂÀ Ñ.À. Áåðãåð, Âåáåð À., Ëåãèòèìíîñòü, Ëîò-ìàí, Ëóêìàí, Ìîäåëü, Ìîòèâàöèÿ, ÎòêëîíÿþùååÐÀÄÊÅÂÈ× Í.Â. Êîãíèòèâíûé äèññîíàíñ.ÐÅÒÓÍÑÊÈÉ Â.Í. Ìîíèçì, Ïîñòóëàò.ÐÓÌßÍÖÅÂÀ Ò.Ã. Àáñîëþòíàÿ èäåÿ, Àãðåññèÿ, Àíàêñè-ìàíäð, Àíàêñèìåí, Àíòèíîìèè ÷èñòîãî ðàçóìà, ÀÐÛÁÀÊΠÀ.À. Êàòîëè÷åñòâî.ÑÀÂÅËÎÂÀ Ñ.Á. Âîñïèòàíèå, Îáðàçîâàíèå, Ïåäàãîãèêà, Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå, Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå, ÑàìîîïðåäÑÀÌÓÙÈÊ Ò.Â. Àòðèáóò, Âíèìàíèå, Âîñïðèÿòèå, Âñåîáùàÿ ñâÿçü ÿâëåíèé, Çàêîí, Îùóùåíèå, Ñå÷åíîâ.ÑÀÐÍÀ À.ß. Áàòàé, Áëàíøî, Áîäðèéÿð, Êëîññîâñêè, Ëèî-òàð, Òðàíñãðåññèÿ, ×ààäàåâ.ÑÅÂÎÑÒÜßÍÎÂÀ Í.Ã. Äîáðî è Çëî, Èíäèâèäóàëèçì, Îáùå÷åëîâå÷åñêèå öåííîñòè, Ýãîèçì, Ýòèêà.ÑÅÌÅÍÊΠÎ.È. Èíôîðìàöèÿ.ÑÅÌÅÍΠÍ.Ñ. Ñðåäíåâåêîâàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ.ÑÅÌÅÍÎÂÀ Â.Í. Äåñòðóêöèÿ, das Man, Õàéäåããåð.ÑÎÊÎËÎÂÀ Ã.Í. Ñîöèîëîãèÿ, Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ.ÑÎËÎÄÎÂÍÈÊΠÑ.Þ. Àâàòàðà, Àâòàðêèÿ, Àâòîêðàòèÿ, Àâòîìàòèçì, Àâòîíîìèÿ, Àâòîðèòåò, Àãðåãàò, ÀäÑÎÔÐÎÍΠÂ.Â. Ðèêåð.ÑÒÅÏÈÍ B.C. Êóëüòóðà, Íàóêà, Ôèëîñîôèÿ.ÒÀÐÀÑΠB.C. Ãîñóäàðñòâî, Ëèáåðàëèçì, Ïîëèòèêà.ÒÀÐÀÑÎÂÀ Ò.Í. Êóëüòóðíî-èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà, Ìèôîëîãè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà.ÒÅÐÅØÊÎÂÈ× Ï.Â. Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ, Àíòðîïîëîãèÿ êóëüòóðíàÿ, Áîàñ, Ãëàêìàí, Äèôôóçèîíèçì, Ëåâè-ÁðþëüÒÅÐÅÙÅÍÊÎ Î.Â. Èçìåðåíèå.ÒÓÇÎÂÀ Ò.Ì.Äåêàðò, Ìåðëî-Ïîíòè, Ñàðòð, Ýêçèñòåíöèàëèçì.ÓÃÐÈÍÎÂÈ× Å.À. Ãèääåíñ, Èíôîðìàöèîííîå îáùåñòâî, Îáùåñòâåííîå ìíåíèå, Ïàðñîíñ, Ñîöèàëüíàÿ èåðàÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ À.Ð. Àíñåëüì Êåíòåðáåðèéñêèé, Âîçðîæäåíèå, Äèñêóðñ, Äèñêóðñèâíûé, Ìàðãèíàëüíîñòü, ÌîäÔÈËÈÏÏÎÂÈ× À.Â. Àëüòþññåð, Àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ, Áåíüÿìèí, Âåíñêèé êðóæîê, Ãóññåðëü, Äåëåç,ÔÓÐÑ Â.Í. Àðõåòèï, Áëîê, Áóääà, Âåáåð Ì., Ãóìèëåâ, Èäåàëüíûé òèï, Èíäèéñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ, ÈñòîðèÿÕÀÐÈÍ Ñ.Ñ. Ãåøòàëüò-ïñèõîëîãèÿ, Ãåøòàëüò-òåðàïèÿ.ÕÎÌÈ× Å.Â. Êóí, Ïàðàäèãìà, Ïîçíàíèå, Ñóáúåêò è Îáúåêò, Ôèëîñîôñêèå îñíîâàíèÿ íàóêè, ×åëîâåê.×ÅÑÍÎÊÎÂÀ Ã.È. Èíòåðíàöèîíàëèçì.ØÈËÎ Í.Þ. Ìèä Ì., Ìîññ.ØÊËßÐÅÂÑÊÈÉ À.È. Êàïïàäîêèéñêàÿ øêîëà.ØÏÀÐÀÃÀ Î.Í. Âàëüäåíôåëüñ, Íîýçèñ è Ïîýìà, Ôåíîìåíîëîãèÿ.ØÓÁÀÐÎ Î.Â. Êîñìèçì ðóññêèé, Ôåäîðîâ.ØÓÌÀÍ À.Í. Àãíîñòèöèçì, Àðèñòîòåëü, Àñêåòèçì, Áèáëèÿ, Áîýöèé, Âîëüòåð, Âðîæäåííûå èäåè, ÃåðáàðÙÈÒÖÎÂÀ Ò.Â. Áàõòèí, Ãàäàìåð, Êüåðêåãîð, Ïàñêàëü, Øåñòîâ.ÞÐÊÎ À.Á. Ñîöèàëüíàÿ ñòàòèñòèêà, Ôðèäìåí.ßÍ×ÓÊ Å.È. Àëõèìèÿ, Òåíäåð, Íåíàñèëèÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ è ýòèêà, Ñìåõ, Ôåìèíèçì, Õîëèçì, Ýâòàíàçèÿ.ßÑÊÅÂÈ× ß.Ñ. Àðãóìåíòàöèÿ, Îáîñíîâàíèå, Îïðàâäàíèå, Îïðîâåðæåíèå, Ïîäòâåðæäåíèå.

Êîãäà ñëîâà óòðà÷èâàþò ñâîå çíà÷åíèå, íàðîä óòðà÷èâàåò ñâîþ ñâîáîäóÊîíôóöèé, âåðñèÿ ïåðåâîäà À. ôîí Õàéåêà

Ïðåäèñëîâèå

Ñëîâàðü íàçâàí "íîâåéøèì" íå òîëüêî â ñâÿçè ñ îòðàæåíèåì â åãî ñîäåðæàíèè ñîâðåìåííûõ òåíä Ñëîâàðü âûïîëíåí àâòîðñêèì êîëëåêòèâîì, ïðåäñòàâëåííûé òðåìÿ ïîêîëåíèÿìè ìèíñêîé ôèëîñîôñê Íàó÷íûå ðåäàêòîðû "Íîâåéøåãî ôèëîñîôñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ" âûðàæàþò ñâîþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü ðåäàêòîðàì

Íàó÷íûå ðåäàêòîðû èñêðåííå áëàãîäàðÿò çà ïîìîùü â ïîäãîòîâêå ñëîâàðÿ: Èíôîðìàöèîííûé öåíòðÁëàãîäàðèì çà ïîíèìàíèå è äîëãîòåðïåíèå Êèðèëëà Àáóøåíêî, Îëåãà Ãðèöàíîâà, Âàäèìà Ìîæåéêî. Êîíñòðóêòèâíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî ñîäåðæàíèþ "Íîâåéøåãî ôèëîñîôñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ" æäåì ïî àäðåñó:

Ãðèöàíîâ À. À., Àáóøåíêî Â.Ë., Ìîæåéêî Ì.À., Ðóìÿíöåâà Ò.Ã., Ìåðöàëîâà À.È.

Àáåëÿð Ïüåð � ñì. ÏÅÒÐ ÀÁÅËßÐ

ÀÁÑÎËÞÒ (ëàò. absolutus � áåçóñëîâíûé, íåîãðàíè÷åííûé, áåçîòíîñèòåëüíûé, ñîâåðøåííûé) � âåÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. absolutus � áåçóñëîâíûé) � àáñòðàêöèÿ íàèáîëåå âûñîêîãî ïîðÿäêà, ðåçóëÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÍÀß ÈÄÅß � îñíîâîïîëàãàþùåå ïîíÿòèå ãåãåëåâñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, âûðàæàþùåå áåçóñëîâíóþ ïÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÍÎÅ È ÎÒÍÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÎÅ (ëàò. absolutus � îòäåëåííîå, îòïóùåííîå è ëàò. relativus � îòíè, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, èçìåí÷èâîå; îáóñëîâëèâàåìîå ñèñòåìîé îòñ÷åòà è îöåíîê, à ïîòîìó íåñîâåðøåííîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÁÑÒÐÀÊÒÍÎÅ è ÊÎÍÊÐÅÒÍÎÅ� ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, îáîçíà÷àþùèå ñòóïåíè ïîçíàíèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÀÁÑÒÐÀÊÖÈß (ëàò. abstractio � îòâëå÷åíèå, óäàëåíèå � ââåäåíî Áîýöèåì êàê ïåðåâîä ãðå÷åñêîãÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÁÑÓÐÄ (ëàò. ad absurdum � èñõîäÿùèé îò ãëóõîãî) � òåðìèí èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé òðàäèöèè, îáîçíàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÁÓËÈß (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, bule � âîëÿ) � ñîâîêóïíîñòü îïðåäåëåííûõ ïàòîëîãè÷À. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÂÀÒÀÐÀ (ñàíñêð.) � â ìèôîëîãèè èíäóèçìà ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ôåíîìåííå ëèøàÿñü â ïîëíîì îáúåìå ñîáñòâåííîé áîæåñòâåííîé ïðèðîäû, îäíîâðåìåííî ôðàãìåíòàðíî ïðèîáðåÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÂÃÓÑÒÈÍ ÁËÀÆÅÍÍÛÉ (Augustinus Sanctus) (354-430) Àâðåëèé � õðèñòèàíñêèé òåîëîã è ôèëîñîô,À .À. Êðóãëîå

ÀÂÅÍÀÐÈÓÑ (Avenarius) Ðèõàðä (1843-1896) � øâåéöàðñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ýìïèðèÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÀÂÅÐÈÍÖÅ Ñåðãåé Ñåðãååâè÷ (ð. 1937) � ðîññèéñêèé êóëüòóðîëîã, ôèëîñîô, ëèòåðàòóðîâåä. ÄîêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÂÅÐÐÎÈÇÌ � íàïðàâëåíèå â çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîé ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, îñíîâó êîòîðîãî ñîñòÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÀÂÅÐÐÎÝÑ � ñì. ÈÅÍ ÐÓØÄ

ÀÂÈÖÅÍÍÀ � ñì. ÈÁÍ ÑÈÍÀ ÀÂÒÀÐÊÈß (ãðå÷. autarkeia � ñàìîóäîâëåòâîðåíèå) � íåçàâèñèìîñòü îò âñåõ âåùåé âíåøíåãî ìèðÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÂÒÎÊÎÌÌÓÍÈÊÀÖÈß � òèï èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ïðîöåññà â êóëüòóðå, îðãàíèçîâàííûé êàê òàêàÿ ïåðåäÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÂÒÎÊÐÀÒÈß � (ãðå÷. autos � ñàì è cratos � âëàñòü) ôîðìà ãîñóäàðñòâà, ãäå âûñøàÿ ãîñóäàðñòÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÂÒÎÌÀÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. automaton � ñàìîäâèæóùååñÿ) � äåéñòâèÿ, ñîâåðøàåìûå áåç ó÷àñòèÿ ñîçíàíèÿÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÂÒÎÍÎÌÈß (ãðå÷. autos � ñàì è nomos � çàêîí) � íàëè÷èå ó îáúåêòà èëè ÿâëåíèÿ èììàíåíòíûõ Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÀÐÍÀß ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. auctoritas � âëàñòü, âëèÿíèå) � ïîíÿòèå è êîíöåïöèÿ Ôðîììà, ôèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÀÐÍÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß (ëàò. auctoritas � âëàñòü, âëèÿíèå) � ïî Ôðîììó, îäèí èç òèïîâ òåèñòèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÅÒ (ëàò. auctoritas � âëàñòü, âëèÿíèå) � çíà÷èìîñòü, êîòîðîé îáëàäàþò ëþäè è ïðåäìåÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÂÒÎÐÕÀÍΠÀáäóðàõìàí (1908-1997) � âàéíàõñêèé ó÷åíûé, áûâøèé ñîòðóäíèê ÖÊ ÂÊÏ (á), ýìèãðèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÃÀÏÅ (ãðå÷. agape � ëþáîâü ê áëèæíåìó; ëàò. � caritas) � ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðûì â äîõðèñòèàíÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÃÍÈ ÉÎÃÀ èëè Æèâàÿ Ýòèêà, Ó÷åíèå Æèçíè � ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ïðåòåíäóþùåå íà ñÂ.Â. Ëîáàí

ÀÃÍÎÑÒÈÖÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàíèå, gnosis � çíàíèå) � ôèëîñîôñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà, À.Í. Øóìàí

ÀÃÐÅÃÀÒ (ëàò. aggregate � ñîáðàòü â ñòàäî) � ïîíÿòèå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñêîïëåíèÿ, íåñèñòåìíîÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÃÐÅÑÑÈß(ëàò. aggredio � íàïàäàòü) � â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ýòî ïîíÿòèå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îáîçíàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÄÀÏÒÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. adaptatio � ïðèñïîñîáëåíèå, ïðèëàæèâàíèå) � òåðìèí ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî èñïÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî

ÀÄÂÀÉÒÀ (ñàíñêð. � áåç âòîðîãî) � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ñîñòîÿíèå îòñóòñòâèÿ äâîéñòâåííîñòÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÄÄÈÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. addere � äîáàâëÿòü) � ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ íå÷òî Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÄÅÊÂÀÒÍÛÉ (ëàò. adaequatus � ïðèðàâíåííûé) � ñîðàçìåðíûé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé, ñîãëàñóþùèéñÿ,À. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÄÆÎÐÍÀÌÅÍÒÎ(èòàëüÿí. aggiornamento � îáíîâëåíèå) � òåíäåíöèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ñîâðåìåííîãî íåîòîìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÄÈÀÔÎÐÀ (ãðå÷. adiaphora � áåçðàçëè÷íîå, ìàëîçíà÷èòåëüíîå) � òåðìèí äëÿ ôèêñàöèè èíäèôôåðÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÄËÅÐ Àëüôðåä (1870-1937) � àâñòðèéñêèé âðà÷, ïñèõîëîã è ïñèõèàòð. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèíû, ïðîôåñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÄÎÐÀÒÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Âèêòîðîâè÷ (1878-1945) � ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê ìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòðèöàíèÿ, à òåì ñàìûì � äëÿ óíè÷òîæåíèÿ èäåîëîãè÷íîñòè â ìûøëåíèè âîîáùå. Ìåòîä äèàëåêòè÷åñêîãîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÄÎÐÍÎ (Adorno), Âèçåíãðóíä-Àäîðíî (Wiesengrund-Adorno) Òåîäîð (1903-1969) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîÊðèòèêà êóëüòóðû è îáùåñòâî" (1955), "Äèññîíàíñû. Ìóçûêà â óïðàâëÿåìîì ìèðå" (1956), "ÂâåäåíèåÑ.Í. Àëåêñàíäðîâà

ÀÇÅÈÒÅÒ (ëàò. a se � èç ñàìîãî ñåáÿ) � ïîíÿòèå äëÿ èìåíîâàíèÿ ñîâåðøåííîãî â ñåáå è ÷åðåç Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÉÄÓÊÅÂÈ× (Ajdukiewicz) Êàçèìåæ (1890-1963) � ïîëüñêèé ëîãèê è ôèëîñîô.  1920-1930 ïðèíÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÉÅÐ (Àóåã) Àëôðåä Äæóëñ (1910-1989) � áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîïîçèòèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÊÀÄÅÌÈß (ãðå÷. akademia) � íàèìåíîâàíèå íàó÷íûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé è âûñøèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé, áåÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÊÀØÀ � â èíäèéñêîé ôèëîñîôèè � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ýôèð èëè ïðîñòðàíñòâåííóþ, òðàêòóåìóÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÊÎÑÌÈÇÌ(ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà è kosmos � ìèð) � "áåçìèðèå". Òåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ è ôèëÑÌ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÊÑÀÊΠÈâàí Ñåðãååâè÷ (1823-1886) � ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò è îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü, ïîýò. Ñûí ðÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÀÊÑÀÊΠÊîíñòàíòèí Ñåðãååâè÷ (1817-1860)� ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò, èñòîðèê, ôèëîëîã. Ñûí ðóññêîãÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÀÊÑÅËÜÐÎÄ (ïñåâäîíèì � Îðòîäîêñ) Ëþáîâü Èñààêîâíà (1868-1946)� ðîññèéñêèé, ñîâåòñêèé ôèëîñÀ.À.Ãðèöèíîâ

ÀÊÑÈÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. axia � öåííîñòü, logos � ñëîâî, ó÷åíèå) � ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, çàíèìàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÀÊÑÈÎÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ (ãðå÷. axioma � çíà÷èìîå, ïðèíÿòîå ïîëîæåíèå) � ñïîñîá ïîñòðîåíèÿ òåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÀÊÑÈÎÌÅÒÐÈß � ôîðìèðóþùàÿñÿ êîìïëåêñíàÿ íàó÷íàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, ñòàâÿùàÿ ñâîèìè öåëÿìè âûÿâëåíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÀÊÒÓÀËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. actualis � äåÿòåëüíûé, äåéñòâåííûé): 1) äåéñòâèå, íàïðàâëåííîå íà ïðèñïÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà, Þ.À. Êîðøóíîâ

ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÒÅÎÐÈß (àêòóàëèçì) � èäóùååå îò Ãåðàêëèòà ó÷åíèå î òîì, ÷òî íåèçìåííîå áûòèå Ñ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÊÖÈÄÅÍÖÈß (ëàò. accidentia � ñëó÷àé, ñëó÷àéíîñòü) � ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå âðåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÊÖÈß (ëàò. actio � äåéñòâèå) � îäíà èç àðèñòîòåëåâñêèõ êàòåãîðèé. Actio transiens � äåéñòÑÌ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀËÀÍ ËÈËËÜÑÊÈÉ (Alain de Lille, ëàòèíèçèðîâàííûé àíàëîã � Alanus ab Insulius) (1120/1128-1À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀËÃÎÐÈÒÌ (ëàò. algoritmi, algoritmus; ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî � òðàíñëèòåðàöèÿ èìåíè ñðåäíåàçèàòñêîãÃ,Â. Áåëÿåâ

ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÅÐ (Alexander) Ñýìþýë (1859-1938)� àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîðåàëèñò. Ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðÀ. À,Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÅÐ (Alexander) Ôðàíö Ãàáðèýë (1891-1964) � àìåðèêàíñêèé âðà÷ è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, îäèíÂ.È, Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀËÅÊÑÀÍÄÐΠÃåîðãèé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1908-1961) � ðîññèéñêèé ñîâåòñêèé ó÷åíûé, èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀËÈÇÀÐÎÂÑÊÈÉ Ààðîí (Àäàì, Àëåêñàíäð) (1618-1659) � ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ïðàâ

ÀËÊÎÃÎËÜ � ýòèëîâûé ñïèðò, ýòàíîë. Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîå â Åâðîïå, Ðîññèè, Ñåâåðíîé Àì"Î ïðîòèâîÿäèÿõ", "Ðîçàðèé ôèëîñîôîâ" è äð., èìåíîâàë ðàçíîâèäíîñòü À. � áðåíäè � "ýëèêñèðîì áÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀËËÅÃÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. allegoria � èíîñêàçàíèå) � îäèí èç ñïîñîáîâ ýñòåòè÷åñêîãî îñâîåíèÿ äåéñòâÈ.K. Èãíàòüåâà

ÀËÕÈÌÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. alchimia) � 1. Ýëåìåíò ñðåäíåâåêîâîé êóëüòóðû Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïû; 2. ÈñòîÅ.È. ßí÷óê

ÀËÜÁÅÐÒ ÂÅËÈÊÈÉ (Albertus Magnus) (1193/1207-1280) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, äîìèíèêàíñêèé òåîëîÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀËÜÒÐÓÈÇÌ (ôð. altruisme, ëàò. alter � äðóãîé) � ìîðàëüíûé ïðèíöèï, îñíîâàííûé íà ïðèçíàíèÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÀËÜÒÞÑÑÅÐ (Althusser) Ëóè (1918-1990) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êðóïíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîìÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÀÌÀËÜÐÈÊ èç Áåíû, Àìîðè (Amaury) Øàðòðñêèé (óì. îê. 1206) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîâàåò ñâîþ ïåðâîçäàííóþ ïðèðîäó è ñîåäèíÿåòñÿ ñ Íèì, ñàìà ñòàíîâÿñü Áîãîì. Áîã áîëåå íå âûñòóïàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÌÁÈÂÀËÅÍÒÍÎÑÒÜ (ãðå÷. amphi � âîêðóã, îêîëî, ñ îáåèõ ñòîðîí, äâîéñòâåííîå è ëàò. valentiaÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÍÀÊÑÀÃÎÐ (500-428 äî í.ý.) � äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé (èç Êëà-çîìåí) ôèëîñîô, ìàòåìàòèê è àñòðîíîìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÍÀÊÑÈÌÀÍÄÐ (610-540 äî í.ý.) � èîíèéñêèé (èç Ìè-ëåòà) íàòóðôèëîñîô, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàòåëÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÍÀÊÑÈÌÅÍ (585-525 äî í.ý.) � èîíèéñêèé (èç Ìè-ëåòà) íàòóðôèëîñîô, ó÷åíèê Àíæêñèìàíäðà. À.Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÍÀËÈÇ è ÑÈÍÒÅÇ � òåðìèíû, îáîçíà÷àþùèå: 1) ìåòîäû íàó÷íîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ýòàÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÀÍÀËÈÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. analytike � èñêóññòâî àíàëèçà) � èñêóññòâî ðàñ÷ëåíåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé, íà÷àë, ýëÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÍÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß � â óçêîì ñìûñëå äîìèíèðóþùåå íàïðàâëåíèå â àíãëî-àìåðèêàíñêîé ôèëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÀÍÀËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. analogia � ñîîòâåòñòâèå, ñõîäñòâî) � 1) ïîäîáèå ïðåäìåòîâ èëè ÿâëåíèé â êàÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÀÍÀÌÍÅÑÈÑ(ãðå÷. anamnesis � ïðèïîìèíàíèå, âîñïîìèíàíèå) � â ó÷åíèè Ïëàòîíà (äèàëîãè "ÌåíîíÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÍÀÍÊÅ (ÀÍÀÍÊÀ) (ãðå÷. ananke � ñóäüáà, ïðèíóæäåíèå, íåèçáåæíîñòü) � â äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ìèôÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÍÀÐÕÈß (ãðå÷. anarchia � áåçâëàñòèå) � ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ñîñòîÿíÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÍÄÐÅÀÑ-ÑÀËÎÌÅ Ëó(Ëóèçà Ãóñòàâîâíà) (1861-1937) � ðîññèéñêî-íåìåöêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ïèñàòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÍÄÐÅÅ Äàíèèë Ëåîíèäîâè÷ (1906-1959) � ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ëèòåðàòîð è ôèëîñîô. Ñûí ïèñàòåÀ .À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÍÄÐÎÃÈÍ (òàêæå ãåðìàôðîäèò, ïî èìåíè áîãà äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ìèôîëîãèè, ñûíà Ãåðìåñà è ÀôðîäÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÍÈÌÀ, ÀÍÈÌÓÑ (ëàò. anima � äóøà è animus � äóõ) � ïîíÿòèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå â äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé êÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÍÈÌÈÇÌ (ëàò. anima, animus � äóøà, äóõ) � ñèñòåìà ïðåäñòàâëåíèé î ÿêîáû ðåàëüíî ñóùåñòâóþÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÀÍÎÌÈß (ôðàíö. anomie � îòñóòñòâèå çàêîíà, îðãàíèçàöèè) � ôèëîñîôñêî-ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêîå ïîíÿòÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÀÍÑÅËÜÌ ÊÅÍÒÅÐÁÅÐÈÉÑÊÈÉ (Ànsålm) (1033-1109) � òåîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ñõîëàñòè÷åñêîãî ðåàëèÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÀÍÒÈÍÎÌÈÈ ×ÈÑÒÎÃÎ ÐÀÇÓÌÀ � â "Êðèòèêå ÷èñòîãî ðàçóìà" Êàíòà � ïðîòèâîðå÷àùèå äðóã äðóãó óòÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÍÒÈÍÎÌÈß (ãðå÷. antinomia � ïðîòèâîðå÷èå â çàêîíå) � ôîðìà ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîòèÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ

ÀÍÒÈÒÐÈÍÈÒÀÐÈÇÌ � ñì. ÒÐÎÈÖÀ

ÀÍÒÈÓÒÎÏÈß � ñàìîîñîçíàþùåå òå÷åíèå â ëèòåðàòóðå, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùåå ñîáîé êðèòè÷åñêîå îïèñàíèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÍÒÈÕÐÈÑÒ � â õðèñòèàíñêèõ ìîäåëÿõ ìèðîïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ ýñõàòîëîãè÷åñêîãî òîëêà � îïïîíåíò, ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÍÒÈ×ÍÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß � êîìïëåêñ èäåé è ó÷åíèé, ïðîäóöèðîâàííûõ äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèìè è äðåâíåðèìñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÍÛÉ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ (ãðå÷. anthropos � ÷åëîâåê) � îäèí èç ïðèíöèïîâ ñîâðåìåííîé êîñìîëîãèè, B.C. Âÿçîâêèí

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. anthropos � ÷åëîâåê è analysis � ðàçëîæåíèå, ðàñ÷ëåíåíèå) � îäíî èç íÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈÇÌ � ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå, êîòîðîå ðàññìàòðèâàåò ïîíÿòèå "÷åëîâåê" â êà÷åñòâå áàÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈß (anthropology), ðåæå � îáùàÿ À. (general Anthropology) � ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â àíÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈß ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÀß (cultural anthropology), ðåæå � ñîöèàëüíàÿ èëè ñîöèàëüíî-êóëüòóðíàÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. anthropos � ÷åëîâåê, sophia � ìóäðîñòü) � îäíà èç âåðñèé òåîñîôèè (ïîëÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÒÅÕÍÈÊÀ � ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïðèêëàäíûõ òåõíè÷åñêèõ çíàíèé äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ ÷åëîâåêîì. Èäåÿ ÀÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÀÏÅÉÐÎÍ (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, peiron � ïðåäåë, êîíåö) � ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÏÅËÜ (Apel) Êàðë-Îòòî (ð. 1922) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ñîâðåìåííîé

Ì.Ë. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÑÈÑ (ãðå÷. � îòêðîâåíèå, Îòêðîâåíèå Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà, ïîñëåäíÿÿ êíèãà Íîâîãî ÇàâåÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÂÑÀÄÍÈÊÈ � ñèìâîëè÷åñêàÿ ôèãóðà èç ãëàâû 6 "Îòêðîâåíèÿ Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà",À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ � â 20 â. îáîçíà÷åíèå ïåðèîäà âðåìåíè èëè ñîñòîÿíèÿ îáùåñòâà, êîãäà ñóùåñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎÊÀËÈÏÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ×ÈÑËÎ èëè "÷èñëî çâåðÿ" � â "Îòêðîâåíèè Èîàííà Áîãîñëîâà" ìèñòè÷åñêîå ÷èñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎÊÀÑÒÀÑÈÑ (ãðå÷. � âîçâðàùåíèå â ïðåæíåå ñîñòîÿíèå, âîññòàíîâëåíèå) � ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎËËÎÍÎÂÑÊÎÅ è ÄÈÎÍÈÑÈÉÑÊÎÅ � ôèëîñîôñêî-ýñòåòè÷åñêèå ïîíÿòèÿ, èñïîëüçîâàííûå Øåëëèíãîì äÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎËÎÃÅÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. apologeomai � çàùèùàþ) � (1) � â òðàäèöèîííî-èñòîðè÷åñêîì çíà÷åíèè � ñîÀ .À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÏÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, poros � âûõîä, aporia � áåçâûõîäíîå ïîëîæåíèå, çàïàõà", ñâîäÿòñÿ ê îáùåìó äîêàçàòåëüñòâó, ñôîðìóëèðîâàííîìó èì ñàìèì: "Äâèæóùèéñÿ ïðåäìåò íå äâÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÀÏÎÑÒÅÐÈÎÐÈ (ëàò. a posteriori, áóêâ. � èç ïîñëåäóþùåãî) � ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, îçíà÷àþùèé À.Â. Âàí÷óêåâè÷

ÀÏÎÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß òåîëîãèÿ (ãðå÷. apophatikos � îòðèöàòåëüíûé) � ñïåöèôè÷íàÿ äëÿ òåèçìà ïàðàäèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÏÏÅÐÖÅÏÖÈß (ëàò. ad � ê è percepcio � âîñïðèÿòèå) � òåðìèí, ââåäåííûé Ã. Ëåéáíèöåì äëÿ îáÂ.À. Ïîëèêàðïîâ

ÀÏÐÈÎÐÈ (ëàò. a priori, áóêâ. � èç ïðåäøåñòâóþùåãî) � ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, èìåþùèé âàæíîå çÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÀÐÃÓÌÅÍÒÀÖÈß (ëàò. argumentatio) � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ëîãèêî-êîììóíèêàòèâíûé ïðîöåññ, ñß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷

ÀÐÅÍÄ (Arendt) Õàííà (1906-1975) � íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîëèòîëîã, äîêòîð ôèëîñîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÀÐÈÑÒÎÒÅËÜ (384-322 äî í.ý.) � äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô è ó÷åíûé-ýíöèêëîïåäèñò. Ðîäèëñÿ â ÑÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÀÐÎÍ (Àron) Ðåéìîí Êëîä Ôåðäèíàíä (1905-1983) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïóáëèöèñò.

Å.Ì. Áàáîñîâ, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÐÕÅÒÈÏ (ãðå÷. arche � íà÷àëî è typos � îáðàç; ïåðâîîáðàç, ïðîôîðìà) � ïîíÿòèå, âîñõîäÿùååÂ.Í. Ôóðñ

ÀÑÅÁÈß (ãðå÷. � áåçáîæèå) � ïîíÿòèå õðèñòèàíñêîé äóõîâíîé òðàäèöèè, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ðàçëè÷íûåC.IO. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÀÑÊÅÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. aske � óïðàæíåíèå â ÷åì ëèáî) � òåõíèêà òåëåñíûõ è ìåíòàëüíûõ ïðàêòèê, ñëóÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÀÑÌÓÑ Âàëåíòèí Ôåðäèíàíäîâè÷ (1894-1975) � ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñïåöèàëèñò ïî èñòîðèè ôèëîñÀ .À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÀÑÒÐÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. astron � çâåçäà è logos � ó÷åíèå) � ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà âçãëÿäîâ íà ÊîÂ.È. Êóäðÿâöåâà

ÀÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. à � îòðèöàíèå è theos � Áîã; áóêâàëüíî � áåçáîæèå) � ôèëîñîôñêî-ìàòåðèàëèñòèÀ. À. Êðóãëîå

ÀÒÌÀÍ (ñàíñêð. � äûõàíèå, äóøà, ÿ-ñàì) � â äðåâíåèíäèéñêîì ðåëèãèîçíîì óìîçðåíèè è èñõîäÿùÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÀÒÎÌÈÑÒÈÊÀ, àòîìèçì � â ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîì óçêîì ñìûñëå ñëîâà À. � ó÷åíèå î äèñêðåòíîì (ïðåðûâÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ

ÀÒÐÈÁÓÒ (ëàò. attribuo � ïðèäàþ, íàäåëÿþ) � íåîòúåìëåìîå ñâîéñòâî îáúåêòà, áåç êîòîðîãî îíÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê

ÀÓÒÂÅÉÒ (Outhwaite) Óèëüÿì (ð. 1949) � áðèòàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðåàëèñòñêîãî íàïÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÀÓÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. autos � ñàì) � ó ÷åëîâåêà � 1) æèçíåííàÿ óñòàíîâêà è íå âñåãäà îñîçíàâàåìûé À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÀÄÅÍÑÊÀß (ÔÐÅÉÁÓÐÃÑÊÀß, ÞÃÎ-ÇÀÏÀÄÍÎÃÅÐÌÀÍÑÊÀß) ØÊÎËÀ � íàïðàâëåíèå â íåîêàíòèàíñòâå, îñíîÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÁÀÇÈÑ È ÍÀÄÑÒÐÎÉÊÀ (ãðå÷. basis � îñíîâàíèå) � îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ ìàðêñèñòñêîé âåðñèè ñîöèàëÐ.Í. Äîæäèêîâà

ÁÀÊÐÀÄÇÅ Êîíñòàíòèí (1898-1970) � ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê.  1918 ïîñòóïèë â ÒáèëèññêèéÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÀÊÓÍÈÍ Ìèõàèë Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1814-1876) � ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ðåâîëþöèîíåð, èäåîëîã è òåîðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÀÐÒ (Barthes) Ðîëàí (1915-1980) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ëèòåðàòóðîâåä, ôèëîñîô-ñòðóêòóðàëèñò. ÎñíîâÀ.Â. Âàøêåâè÷

ÁÀÒÀÉ (Bataille) Æîðæ (1897-1962) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ýêîíîìèñò, ïóáëèöèñò, ýÀ.ß. Ñàðíà

ÁÀÕÀÉ � îäíà èç íàèáîëåå ìîëîäûõ ìèðîâûõ ðåëèãèé. Çàðîæäåíèå Á. � 1844, Èðàí. Â îñíîâå Á. À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÀÕÒÈÍ Ìèõàèë Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1895-1975) � èçâåñòíûé ðóññêèé ó÷åíûé: ôèëîñîô, ôèëîëîã, ëèòåðàòÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà

ÁÀØËßÐ (Âàñhå1àd) Ãàñòîí (1884-1962) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ìåòîäîëîã, ïñèõîëîã, êóëüòóðîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÅÃÑÒÂÎ Â ÁÎËÅÇÍÜ � ïîíÿòèå è ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ Ôðåéäà, ôèêñèðóþùèå è ðàñêðûâàþÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÃÑÒÂÎ ÎÒ ÑÂÎÁÎÄÛ � ïîíÿòèå è êîíöåïöèÿ ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêîãî ïñèõîàíàëèçà Ôðîììà, ôèêñèðóþùèåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÉËÜ (Âàó1å) Ïüåð (1647-1706) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò, ïðåäøåñòâåííèê ôèëîñîôèèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÁÅËÀÁËÎÖÊÈÉ (Áåëîáîöêèé) Àíäðåé (äî ïðàâîñëàâíîãî êðåùåíèÿ ßí) Õðèñòîôîðîâè÷ (2-ÿ ïîë. 17 Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÁÅËÈÍÑÊÈÉ Âèññàðèîí Ãðèãîðüåâè÷ (1811-1848) � ðóññêèé ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê è ïóáëèöèñò, ôèëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÅËË (Bell) Äàíèåë (ð. 1919) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Ãàðâàðäñêîãî óíèÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÁÅËÎÐÓÑÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß � ñì. ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÁÅËÀÐÓÑÈ

ÁÅËÛÉ Àíäðåé (ïñåâäîíèì; íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ � Áîðèñ Íèêîëàåâè÷ Áóãàåâ) (1880-1934) � ðóññêèé ïîÀ. À. Ëàâðó õèí

ÁÅÌÅ èëè Áåì (Bohme, Bohm) ßêîá (Èàêîâ) (1575-1624) � íåìåöêèé òåîñîô, ãíîñòèê, ìèñòèê. ÐîÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÁÅÍÅÄÈÊÒ (Benedict) Ðóò (1887-1948) � àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ýòíîïñèõîëîã è ïîýò. ÄîêòîðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÍÒÀÌ (Bentham) Èåðåìèÿ (1748-1832) � áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, þðèñò, âèäíåéøèé ïðåäÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ

ÁÅÍÜßÌÈÍ (Benjamin) Âàëüòåð (1892-1940) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû. Åãî ðàáîòû À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÁÅÐÃÅÐ (Berger) Ïèòåð Ëþäâèã (ð. 1929) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, âåäóùèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôåíîÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÁÅÐÃÑÎÍ (Bergson) Àíðè (1859-1941) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü èíòóèòèâèçìà, ýâîëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÐÄßÅ Íèêîëàé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1874-1948) � ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò.  1898 çà ó÷àñòèåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÐÊËÈ (Berkeley) Äæîðäæ (1685-1753) � áðèòàíñêèé òåîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Èçó÷àë ôèëîñîôèþ, ëîãèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÅÐÍ (Bern) Ýðèê (1910-1970) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Ñîçäàòåëü òðàíñàêöèîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÐÍÀÐ ÊËÅÐÂÎÑÊÈÉ (Bernard de Clairvaux, 1091-1153) � êëàññèê åâðîïåéñêîãî ìèñòèöèçìà, òåîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÁÅÐÍÕÝÌ (Âurnham) Äæåéìñ (1905-1987) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è èñòîðèê ãóìàíèòàðíîãî çíàíèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÅÐÍØÒÅÉÍ (Bernstein) Ýäóàðä (1850-1932) � òåîðåòèê è äåÿòåëü åâðîïåéñêîãî ñîöèàë-äåìîêðàòÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî

ÁÅÑÊÎÍÅ×ÍÎÅ � ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äëÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè áûòèÿ â åãî öåëîñòíîñòè è ñòðóêòóðíÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ

ÁÅÑÊÎÍÅ×ÍÎÅ ËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ � ïîíÿòèå äèàëåêòè÷åñêîé ëîãèêè, ââåäåííîå ãðóçèíñêèì ôèëîñîôîì Ñ.ÁÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ

ÁÅÑÑÌÅÐÒÈÅ � ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ïðåîäîëåíèå ñìåðòíîñòè è çàáâåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà è ÷åëîâå÷åñêÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîàà

ÁÅÑÑÎÇÍÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ (áåññîçíàòåëüíîå ïñèõè÷åñêîå) � â íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ: 1) Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÅÕÒÅÐÅ Âëàäèìèð Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1857-1927) � ðîññèéñêèé íåâðîïàòîëîã, ïñèõèàòð, ðåôëåêñîëîã,Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÈÁËÈß (ãðå÷. biblia � êíèãè) � ñîáðàíèå ðàçíîâðåìåííûõ, ðàçíîÿçû÷íûõ è ðàçíîõàðàêòåðíûõ ñÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÁÈÍÑÂÀÍÃÅÐ (Binswanger) Ëþäâèã (1881-1966) � øâåéöàðñêèé ïñèõèàòð, ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô. ÑîçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÈÎÃÅÍÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÇÀÊÎÍ (ãðå÷. bios � æèçíü è genesis � ïðîèñõîæäåíèå) � ñôîðìóëèðîâàííîå Ô.À.Ë. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÈÎÑÔÅÐÀ (ãðå÷. bios � æèçíü, sphaira � øàð) � îáëàñòü æèçíè íà Çåìëå. Ñóùåñòâîâàíèå íà íàÀ.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ

ÁÈÎÝÒÈÊÀ � ñèñòåìà ïðåäñòàâëåíèé î íðàâñòâåííûõ ïðåäåëàõ è ãðàíèöàõ ïðîíèêíîâåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêàÀ.Ò. Ïàâëîâà

ÁÈÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. bi � äâà è ëàò. sexus �ïîë; áóêâàëüíî � "äâîéíàÿ ñåêñóàëüíîñòü"). ÍàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÈÕÅÂÈÎÐÈÇÌ (àíãë, behaviour, � ïîâåäåíèå) � îäíî èç âåäóùèõ íàïðàâëåíèé â ïñèõîëîãèè êîíöÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁËÀÂÀÒÑÊÀß Åëåíà Ïåòðîâíà (1831-1891) � ïèñàòåëüíèöà, ôèëîñîô, ðåëèãèîâåä, îñíîâàòåëü ÒåîñÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÁËÀÍØÎ (Blanchot) Ìîðèñ (ð. 1907) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ëèòåðàòóðîâåä. ÎñíîâíûåÀ.ß. Ñàðíà

ÁËÀÓ (Blau) Ïèòåð Ìèêàýë (ð. 1918) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Êîëóìáèéñêîãî óíèâåðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁËÎÊ (Block) Ìàðê (1886 � ðàññòðåëÿí ôàøèñòàìè â 1944) � ôðàíöóçñêèé èñòîðèê-ìåäèåâèñò, ó÷Â.Í. Ôóðå

ÁËÎÍÑÊÈÉ Ïàâåë Ïåòðîâè÷ (1884-1941) � ðîññèéñêèé ïåäàãîã, ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ïåäàãÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî ÁËÎÕ (Bloch) Ýðíñò (1885-1977) � íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã è ïóáëèöèñò íåîìàðêñèñòñêîé îðÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁËÓÌÅÐ (Blumer) Ãåðáåðò (1900-1987) � àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã.  1925-1952 � â ×èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÎÀÑ (Boas) Ôðàíö (1858-1942) � àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â åâðåéñêîé ñåìüå â ÃåðìàÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâà ÁÎà � ñàêðàëüíàÿ ïåðñîíèôèêàöèÿ Àáñîëþòà â ðåëèãèÿõ òåèñòñêîãî òèïà: âåðõîâíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü, àÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÁÎÃÄÀÍΠ(ïñåâäîíèì), Ìàëèíîâñêèé Àëåêñàíäð Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1873-1928) � ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî

ÁÎÃÎÑËÎÂÈÅ ïðàâîñëàâíîå � 1) Âåðî- è íðàâîó÷åíèå Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Öåðêâè; 2) êîìïëåêñ äèñöèïëèÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí

ÁÎÃÓØ Ôðàíòèøàê Êñàâåðèé Ìèõàë (1746-1820) � òåîëîã, ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê, ïèñàòåëü Âåëèêîãî êÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÎÄÐÈÉßÐ (Baudrillard) Æàí (ð. 1929) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, êóëüòóðîëîã. ÎñíîâíûÀ.ß. Ñàðíà

ÁÎÊËÜ (Buckle) Ãåíðè Òîìàñ (1821-1862) � áðèòàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è èñòîðèê. Èñïûòàë áîëüøîå âÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÎËÈÍÃÁPOK (Bolingbroke) Ãåíðè Ñåíò-Äæîí (1678-1751), âèêîíò (1712) � àíãëèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÎËÜØÅÂÈÇÌ � èäåîëîãèÿ, òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà ýêñòðåìèñòñêîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ðîññèéñêîì ðåâîëþöÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÎÍÀÂÅÍÒÓÐÀ (Bonaventura), íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ � Äæî-âàííè Ôèäàíöà (1217-1274) � ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ñÈ.À. Íåñòåðîâè÷

ÁÎÍÀÏÀÐÒ (Bonaparte) Ìàðè (1882-1962) � ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Ïðèíöåññà ãðå÷åñêàÿ. ÏîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÎÐÕÅÑ (Borges) Õîðõå Ëóèñ (1899-1986) � àðãåíòèíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ïèñàòåëü. Êëàññèê æàíðà À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÎÐÜÁÀ - â èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè îäíî èç îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé ôèëîñîôñêèõ øêîë äèàëåêòè÷åñêîãî è âÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÎÑÑ (Boss) Ìåäàðä (ð. 1903) - øâåéöàðñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, îäèí èç ëèäåðîâ ýêçèñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÎÕÂÈÖ Ôëîðèàí (1799-1856) - áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ñâîÿê À. Ìèöêåâè÷à. Ðîäèëñÿ â Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÎÕÅÍÜÑÊÈÉ (Bochenski) Þçåô Ìàðèÿ (1902-1995) - ïîëüñêî-øâåéöàðñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîòîìèñò, ÷ëåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÎÝÖÈÉ (Boethius) Àíèöèé Ìàíëèé Òîðêâàò Ñåâåðèí (480-524, êàçíåí) - ðèìñêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíûÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÁÐÀÊ - èñòîðè÷åñêè îáóñëîâëåííàÿ, ñàíêöèîíèðóåìàÿ è ðåãóëèðóåìàÿ îáùåñòâîì ôîðìà âçàèìîîòíÑ.Ä. Ëàïòåíîê

ÁÐÀÕÌÀÍ (ñàíñêð. - ñâÿùåííàÿ ñèëà) - â óìîçðåíèè è ñîïðÿæåííûõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ ó÷åíèÿõ ÄðåâíåéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÁÐÅÍÒÀÍÎ (Brentano) Ôðàíö (1838-1917) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðîôåññîð ôèëîñîôèè ÂþðöáóðãñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÐÈËË (Brill) Àáðàõàì (1874-1948) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèíûÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÐÓÍÎ (Bruno) Äæîðäàíî Ôèëèïïå (1548-1600) - èòàëüÿíñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, íàòóðôèëîñîô À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî ÁÐÝÄËÈ (Bradly) Ôðýíñèñ Ãåðáåðò (1846-1924) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü àáñîëþòíîãÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÂÓÁÅÐ (Buber) Ìàðòèí (èëè Ìàðäîõàé) (1878-1965) - åâðåéñêèé ôèëîñîô-äèàëîãèñò. Äåòñòâî è îÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÁÓÄÄÀ (ñàíñêð. ïðîñâåòëåííûé) (îê. 567-488 äî í.ý.) - îñíîâàòåëü ìèðîâîé ðåëèãèè áóääèçìà Â.Í. Ôóðñ

ÁÓÄÄÈÇÌ - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ïåðâàÿ ïî âðåìåíè âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ìèðîâàÿ ðåëèãèÿ (Â.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÁÓÄÍÛÉ Áåíÿø (êîí. 16 - íà÷. 17 ââ.) - áåëîðóññêèé ãóìàíèñò, ïèñàòåëü, ïåðåâîä÷èê àíòè÷íûõÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÓÄÍÛÉ Ñûìîí (îê. 1530-1593) - ìûñëèòåëü Áåëàðóñè ýïîõè Âîçðîæäåíèÿ, ðåëèãèîçíûé ðåôîðìàòîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÁÓËÃÀÊÎÂ Ñåðãåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1871-1944) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, áîãîñëîâ, ýêîíîìèñò.Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÁÓÐÄÜÅ (Bourdicu) Ïüåð (ð. 1930) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ýòíîëîã, àâòîð îðèãèíàëüíîé êîíöåÄ-Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÁÓÐÈÄÀÍ - ñì. ÆÀÍ ÁÓÐÈÄÀÍ

ÁÓÕÀÐÈÍ Íèêîëàé Èâàíîâè÷ (1888-1938) - áîëüøåâèñòñêèé ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü, ôèëîñîô è ñîöèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

"ÁÕÀÃÀÂÀÄ-ÃÈÒÀ" (Áõàãàâàäãèòà) - (ñàíñêð. áóêâ. - ïåñíü Áõàãàâàòà, ïåñíü Ãîñïîäà, Ò.Å. ÊðèÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÁÕÀÑÊÀÐ (Bhaskar) Ðîé (ð. 1930) - áðèòàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðåàëèñòñêîãî íàïðàâëåÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÁÛÒÈÅ - êàòåãîðèÿ, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ îñíîâó ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ (äëÿ ìèðà â öåëîì èëè äëÿ ëþáîé ðàçíîâÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÁÛÕÎÂÑÊÈÉ Áåðíàðä Ýììàíóèëîâè÷ (1901-1980) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàóê (Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÁÝÊÎÍ Ðîäæåð - ñì. ÐÎÄÆÅÐ ÁÝÊÎÍ

ÁÝÊÎÍ (Bacon) Ôðýíñèñ (1561-1626) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü ìåòîäîëîãèè îïûòíîé íàóÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈß (ôð. bureaucratie, áóêâàëüíî - ãîñïîäñòâî êàíöåëÿðèè, îò ôð. bureau - áþðî, êàíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÀËÅÍÒÈÍΠ(Âîëüñêèé) Íèêîëàé Âëàäèñëàâîâè÷ (1879-1964) - ðîññèéñêèé ïóáëèöèñò, èñòîðèê è Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÀËÎÂÈ× Àñòàôèé Áîãäàíîâè÷ (îê. 1520-1587) - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü Âåëèêîãî êíÿæåñòâà ËèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÂÀËÜÄÅÍÔÅËÜÑ (Waldenfels) Áåðíõàðä (ð. 1934) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-ôåíîìåíîëîã. Ñ 1976 - ïðîôÎ.Í. Øïàðàãà ÂÀÍ ×ÓÍ(27-îêîëî 98) - äðåâíåêèòàéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, àâòîð ðÿäà ôèëîñîôñêèõ òðàêòàòîâ. ÑîõðàíÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÂÀÐÒÎÔÑÊÈÉ (Wartofski) Ìàðêñ (ð. 1928) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Âûñøóþ øêîëó ìóçûêèÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÂÀÐÜßØ Øàíäîð (Àëåêñàíäð Èãíàòüåâè÷) (1885-1939) - âåíãåðñêî-ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðèíèìàë Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÂÅÄÅÍÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ (1856-1925) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, ïñèõîëîã. Îêîí÷èë èñòîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÂÅÁÅÐ (Weber) Àëüôðåä (1868-1958) - íåìåöêèé ýêîíîìèñò, ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô. Ìëàäøèé áðàò ÌàÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÂÅÁÅÐ (Weber) Ìàêñ (Êàðë Ýìèëü Ìàêñèìèëèàí) (1864-1920) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô è èñòÂ.Í. Ôóðå

ÂÅÁËÅÍ (Veblen) Òîðñòåéí Áóíä (1857-1929) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ýêîíîìèñò, ïóáëèöèñò. ÎÌ.Ã. Áàêàíîâà

ÂÅÄÛ (âåäèéñêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà) - (ñàíñêð. veda - çíàíèå, îò èíäîåâð. êîðíÿ veid - çíàòü, âèäåÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÂÅÇÄÅÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. - omnipraesentia) - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôñêîé ñèñòåìû Ôîìû Àêâèíñêîãî, îáîçíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

"ÂÅËÈÊÈÅ ÍÅÂÐÎÇÛ" ÍÀØÅÃÎ ÂÐÅÌÅÍÈ - íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå è çíà÷èìûå ôîðìû ñîâðåìåííûõ È.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÅÍÑÊÈÉ ÊÐÓÆÎÊ - ãðóïïà ó÷åíûõ è ôèëîñîôîâ, êîòîðàÿ â 1920-å ñòàëè öåíòðîì ðàçðàáîòêè èäåéÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÂÅÐÀ - ãëóáèííàÿ îáùå÷åëîâå÷åñêàÿ óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ êîìïëåêñíûé ôåíîìåí èíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÂÅÐÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. verificatia - ïîäòâåðæäåíèå; ëàò. verus - èñòèííûé, facio - äåëàþ)Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÂÅÐÍÀÄÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Èâàíîâè÷ (1863-1945) - ðîññèéñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü è ìûñëèòåëü, îñíîÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî

ÂÅÐÎßÒÍÎÑÒÜ - êîëè÷åñòâåííàÿ ìåðà âîçìîæíîñòè îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ñîáûòèÿ ïðè íàëè÷èè íåîïðåäåëåÍ.Í. Ëåîíîâ

"ÂÅÑÅËÀß ÍÀÓÊÀ" (ñòàðîïðîâàíñàëüñê. - gaya scienza) - îäíî èç ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèé þæíîôðàíöóçñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÅ×ÍÎÅ ÂÎÇÂÐÀÙÅÍÈÅ òîãî æå ñàìîãî, èëè âñåõ âåùåé (ewige Wiederkunft des Gleichen, oder alÈ.Â. Æóê

"ÂÅÙÜ Â ÑÅÁÅ" - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ãíîñåîëîãèè, à çàòåì è ýòèêè Êàíòà. Äàííîå ïîíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ

ÂÈÂÅÊÀÍÀÍÄÀ ÑÂÀÌÈ (ìîíàøåñêîå èìÿ, íàñòîÿùåå - Íàðåíäðàíàòõ Äàòòà) (1863-1902) - èíäèéñêèéÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÂÈÇÅ (Wiese) Ëåîïîëüä ôîí (1876-1969) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôîðìàëüíîé øêîëû.À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÈÊÎ (Vico) Äæàìáàòòèñòà (1668-1744) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðîôåññîð ðèòîðèêè óíèâåðñèòåòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÈÍÄÅËÜÁÀÍÄ (Windelband) Âèëüãåëüì (1848-1915) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç êëàññèêîâ èñòîðÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÂÈÍÎ - àëêîãîëüíûé íàïèòîê (òðàäèöèîííî èç âèíîãðàäà), ïîëó÷àåìûé â ïðîöåññå èñêóññòâåííîéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÈÒÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. vitalis - æèâîé, æèçíåííûé) - òå÷åíèå â áèîëîãèè, îòñòàèâàþùåå íàëè÷èå ó ïðÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî

ÂÈÒÃÅÍØÒÅÉÍ (Wittgenstein) Ëþäâèã (1889-1951) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð ÊåìáðèäæñêîÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÂÈÒÒÅËÜÑ (Wittels) Ôðèö (1880-1951) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ïèñàòåëü. Îäèí èç ïåðâûõ

Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÈØÎÂÀÒÛÉ Àíäðåé (1608-1678) - òåîëîã, ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâíûõ äåÿòåëåé ñîöèàíñòâà â ÂåëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, R.JI. Àáóøåíêî

ÂËÀÑÒÜ - â êëàññè÷åñêèõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ êîíöåïöèÿõ - îñîáîå îòíîøåíèå ìåæäó ëþäüìè, ñïîñîáíîñòÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ

ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ - ñîñðåäîòî÷åííîñòü ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ñóáúåêòà â äàííûé Ò.Â. Ñàìóùèê

ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÜ è ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - ìîäàëüíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè áûòèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå, ñ îäíîé ñòîðîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÛÅ ÌÈÐÛ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, ôèêñèðóþùåå ìûñëèìûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ áûòèÿ, àëüòåðíàòèâíûåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÂÎÇÐÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ (èëè Ðåíåññàíñ) - òåðìèí, îáîçíà÷àþùèé â èñòîðèè êóëüòóðû ñòðàí Çàïàäíîé è ÖåíÀ.Ð. Óñòàíîâè

ÂÎËÀÍ (Âîëÿí) Àíäðåé (1530-1610) - ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü Âåëèêîãî êíÿæåñòâà Ëèòîâñêîãî, èäåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÂÎËÎØÈÍΠÂàëåíòèí Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1895-1936) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò è ìóçûêàíò. Îêîí÷èë ÄÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÎËÜÒÅÐ (Voltaire), íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Ôðàíñóà Ìàðè Àðóý (Arouet) (1694-1778) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÂÎËÜÔ (Wolff) Õðèñòèàí (1679-1754) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô è ìàòåìàòèê, ñ èìåíåì êîòÒ.Ò. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÂÎËÞÍÒÀÐÈÇÌ (ëàò. voluntas - âîëÿ) - ôèëîñîôñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå, öåíòðèðîâàííîå âîêðóã ïîíÿòèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÂÎËß - ôåíîìåí ñàìîðåãóëÿöèè ñóáúåêòîì ñâîèõ ïîâåäåíèÿ è äåÿòåëüíîñòè, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé âåêòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

"ÂÎËß Ê ÂËÀÑÒÈ" (der Wille zur Macht) - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè æèçíè Íèöøå, îêàçàâøÈ.Â. Æóê

ÂÎÏÐÎÑ - òèï ñóæäåíèÿ, ïðåäïîëàãàþùèé íåäîñòàòîê èíôîðìàöèè î ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåì îáúåêòå è òðÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÂÎÐÎÍÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1884-1943) - ðîññèéñêèé ëèòåðàòîð. Ó÷èëñÿ â Òàìáîâñêîé

Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÎÑÊÐÅØÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîé (õðèñòèàíñêîé) òðàäèöèè, ñâÿçàííîå ñ èñòîëêîâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÎÑËÅÍÑÊÈÉ Ìèõàèë Ñåðãååâè÷ (1920-1997) - ðîññèéñêèé èñòîðèê, äèðåêòîð Áîííñêîãî èíñòèòóòàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÎÑÏÈÒÀÍÈÅ - ñëîæíîå ôèëîñîôñêî-ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîå ïîíÿòèå. Ñóùåñòâóåò ðÿä åãî ïîíèìàíèé.  øèÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÂÎÑÏÐÈßÒÈÅ - ïðîöåññ öåëîñòíîãî îòðàæåíèÿ ïðåäìåòîâ èëè ïðåäìåòíûõ ñèòóàöèé, âîçíèêàþùèé ïÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê

ÂÎÑÜÌÅÐÈ×ÍÛÉ (ÁËÀÃÎÐÎÄÍÛÉ) ÏÓÒÜ - â ó÷åíèè áóääèçìà - ïóòü, êîòîðûé âåäåò ê ïðåêðàùåíèþ ñòÀ.À. Òðèöèíîâ

ÂÐÅÌß - ñì. ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÎ È ÂÐÅÌß ÂÐÅÌß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ

ÂÐÅÌß ÂÐÎÆÄÅÍÍÛÅ ÈÄÅÈ - òåðìèí ôèëîñîôñêîé òðàäèöèè, îçíà÷àþùèé ïîíÿòèÿ, êîòîðûå ïðèñóùè ìÀ.È. Øóìàí

ÂÑÅÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÎ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå (èäåÿ, ïðèíöèï), ðàñêðûâàþùåå âíóòðåííåå îðãàíè÷åñêîå åäèÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÂÑÅÎÁÙÀß ÑÂßÇÜ ßÂËÅÍÈÉ - â êîíöåïöèÿõ ôèëîñîôñêîãî ìîíèçìà - íàèáîëåå îáùàÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòüÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê

ÂÓËÜÃÀÐÍÛÉ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. vulgaris - óïðîùåííûé) - ïîíÿòèå, ââåäåííîå â îáèõîä ÝíãåëüñîÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÂÓËÜÔ Ìîèñåé Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ (1878-1971) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÓÍÄÒ (Wundt) Âèëüãåëüì Ìàêñ (1832-1920), íåìåöêèé ïñèõîëîã, ôèçèîëîã, ôèëîñîô è ÿçûêîâåä.Ä.Â. Åðìîëîâ÷÷

ÂÛÃÎÒÑÊÈÉ Ëåâ Ñåìåíîâè÷ (1896-1934) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõîëîã. Ïðîôåññîð. Îêîí÷èë þðèäè÷åñêèé Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÛÐÓÁΠÍèêîëàé Àëåêñååâè÷ (1869-1918) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð, íåâðîëîã è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. ÎäÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÛÑÎÖÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Ñåìåíîâè÷ (1938-1980) - ðîññèéñêèé ïîýò. Òâîð÷åñòâî Â. êàê ôåíîìåí îòå÷å© Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî, © À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÂÛÒÅÑÍÅÍÈÅ, ïîäàâëåíèå, ðåïðåññèÿ (ïîçäíåëàò. repressio - ïîäàâëåíèå) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ÔðåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÂÛØÅÑËÀÂÖÅ Áîðèñ Ïåòðîâè÷ (1877-1954) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ýêñòðàîðäèíàðíûé ïðîôåññîð ÌîñêîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÀÂÐÈÈË àðõèìàíäðèò (â ìèðó Âîñêðåñåíñêèé Âàñèëèé Íèêîëàåâè÷) (1795-1868) - ðóññêèé áîãîñëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÀÄÀÌÅÐ (Gadamer) Ãàíñ-Ãåîðã (ð. 1900) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ôèëîñîÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà

ÃÀËÈËÅÉ (Galilei) Ãàëèëåî (1564-1642) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü ýïîõè Âîçðîæäåíèÿ, ôèçèê, îñÀ.À. Êðóãëîå ÃÀÐÌÎÍÈß (ãðå÷. armonia - ñâÿçàííîñòü è ñîðàçìåðíîñòü ÷àñòåé) - óñòàíîâêà êóëüòóðû, îðèåíòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÃÀÐÌÎÍÈß ÑÔÅÐ (ìóçûêà ñôåð) - ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèõ ìûñëèòåëåé î ìóçûêàëüíîì çâó÷àÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÀÐÎÄÈ (Garaudy) Ðîæå (ð. 1913) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ñòîðîííèê "ïåðñîíàëèñòñêîãî ìàðêñèçÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÀÐÒÌÀÍ (Hartmann) Íèêîëàé (1882-1950) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ â Ðèãå. Îáó÷àëñÿ â ÏåòåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÀÐÒÌÀÍ (Hartmann) Ýäóàðä (1842-1906) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü "ôèëîñîôèè áåññîçíàòåëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÀÑÑÅÍÄÈ (Gassendi) Ïüåð (1592-1655) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ìàòåìàòèê.  1614 ïîëó÷èë ñòåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÂÀÐÄÈÍÈ (Guardini) Ðîìàíî (1885-1968) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã èòàëüÿíñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÂÀÒÒÀÐÈ (Guattari) Ôåëèêñ (1930-1992) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõèàòð. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÅÃÅËÜ (Hegel) Ãåîðã Âèëüãåëüì Ôðèäðèõ (1770-1831) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü ôèëîñîôñêÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÃÅÑÑÅ (Hesse) Ãåðìàí (1877-1962) - øâåéöàðñêî-ãåðìàíñêèé (îòêàçàëñÿ îò íåìåöêîãî ïîääàíñòâÍ.Ë. Êàöóê

ÃÅÄÎÍÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. hedone - íàñëàæäåíèå) - ýòè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, ñ ò.çð. êîòîðîé îñíîâîé ïðèðîÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÃÅÊÊÅËÜ (Haechel) Ýðíñò (1834-1919) - íåìåöêèé áèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Èåíñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (18Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÃÅËÅÍ (Gehlen) Àðíîëüä (1904-1976) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ôèëîñîôñêîé àíòÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÃÅËÜÂÅÖÈÈ (Helvetius) Êëîä Àäðèàí (1715-1771) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êðóïíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÃÅËÜÄÅÐËÈÍ (Holderlin) Èîãàíí Õðèñòèàí Ôðèäðèõ (1770-1843) - âûäàþùèéñÿ íåìåöêèé ïîýò è ìûÈ.Â. Æóê

ÒÅÍÄÅÐ (àíãë. gender - ðîä, ÷àùå âñåãî ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé) - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñîöèàëüíûÅ.È. ßí÷óê.

ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ (ãðå÷. - genesis) - ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, ñòàíîâëåíèå è ðàçâèòèå, ðåçóëüòàòîì êîòîðîãî ÿâÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÃÅÍÅÐÀËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. generalis - îáùèé, ãëàâíûé) - 1) ëîãè÷åñêèé ïðèåì, ïðåäóñìàòðèâàþùèé îÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÃÅÍÎÍ (Guenon) Ðåíå (1886-1951) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, èññëåäîâàòåëü ò.íàç. Ñàêðàëüíîé òÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÅÎÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ - ïîíÿòèå, ââåäåííîå â çàïàäíî-åâðîïåéñêóþ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíóþ òðàäèöèþ øâåäñêèì À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÅÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. geos - çåìëÿ è ëàò. centrum - öåíòð) - ó÷åíèå, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó Çåìëÿ À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ ÃÅÐÀÊËÈÒ èç Ýôåñà (544/540/535-483/480/475) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü ïåðâîé èÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÃÅÐÁÀÐÒ (Herbart) Èîãàíí Ôðèäðèõ (1776-1841) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã, ïåäàãîã. ÏðîôåñÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÃÅÐÄÅÐ (Herder) Èîãàíí Ãîòôðèä (1744-1803) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü. Îñíîâíûå ñî÷èíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÃÅÐÌÅÍÅÂÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. hermeneia - òîëêîâàíèå) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè è ãóìàíèòàðíûõ íàóêàÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÃÅÐÎÅÂ è ÒÎËÏÛ òåîðèè - ñîâîêóïíîñòü êîíöåïöèé, ñòðåìÿùèõñÿ âûÿâèòü ðåàëüíîãî ñóáúåêòà ñîöÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÃÅÐÖÅÍ Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ (Èñêàíäåð) (1812-1870) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, îáùåñòâåííûéÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÅÐØÅÍÇÎÍ Ìèõàèë Îñèïîâè÷ (1869-1925) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, êóëüòóðîëîã, ôèëîñîô. Â 1887 ïîñòÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÅÑÑÅ - ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå

ÃÅÑÑÅÍ Ñåðãåé Èîñèôîâè÷ (1887-1950) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïåäàãîã, ïðàâîâåä. Ó÷èëñÿ â ÃåéäåëüÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÅÒÅ (Goethe) Èîãàíí Âîëüôãàíã (1749-1832) - íåìåöêèé ïîýò, ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ó÷åíûé è ôèëîñîôÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÃÅØÒÀËÜÒ-ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß - îäíî èç âåäóùèõ íàïðàâëåíèé â çàïàäíîé ïñèõîëîãèè. Ïîÿâèëîñü â êîíöåÑ.Ñ. Õàðèí

ÃÅØÒÀËÜÒ-ÒÅÐÀÏÈß - îäíî èç ñîâðåìåííûõ è ïîñòîÿííî ðàçâèâàþùèõñÿ è ñîâåðøåíñòâóþùèõñÿ ïñèõÑ.Ñ. Õàðèí

ÃÈÄÄÅÍÑ (Giddens) Ýíòîíè (ð. 1938) - áðèòàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïîëèòîëîã. Ñ 1961 - ïðåïîäàâàòåÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷

ÃÈÉÎÌ (Guillaume) Ãþñòàâ (1883-1960) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ëèíãâèñò, àâòîð èäåè è êîíöåïöèè ïñèõîìÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÃÈËÅÎÌÎÐÔÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. hile - ìàòåðèÿ, morphe - ôîðìà) - íîâîåâðîïåéñêîå îáîçíà÷åíèå (îêîí÷àòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÃÈËÎÇÎÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. hyle - âåùåñòâî, ìàòåðèÿ è zoe - æèçíü) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, ïðèçíàþùÅ.Â. Íåòóøêîâà

ÃÈÏÀÒÈß, Èïàòèÿ (Hypatia) Àëåêñàíäðèéñêàÿ (370-415) - ãðå÷åñêèé ìàòåìàòèê, ôèëîñîô. ÐóêîâîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÈÏÎÑÒÀÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ (ãðå÷. hypostasis - ñóùíîñòü, ñóáñòàíöèÿ) - ðàññìîòðåíèå àáñòðàêòíûõ îáúåÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÃÈÏÎÒÅÇÀ (ãðå÷. hypothesis - îñíîâàíèå, ïðåäïîëîæåíèå) - ôîðìà îðãàíèçàöèè íàó÷íîãî çíàíèÿÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÈÏÎÒÅÒÈÊÎ-ÄÅÄÓÊÒÈÂÍÛÉ ìåòîä - ìåòîä ïîëó÷åíèÿ íîâîãî çíàíèÿ è ìåòîä ðàçâåðòûâàíèÿ òåîðèè,Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃËAKMAH (Gluckman) Ìàêñ (1911-1975) - áðèòàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â Þæíîé Àôðèêå â åâðåÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÃËÓÁÈÍÍÀß ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß - ñîáèðàòåëüíîå ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîçíà÷àþò ðÿä ðàçëè÷íû

Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÍÎÇÈÑ (ãðå÷. gnosis - ïîçíàíèå, çíàíèå) - öåíòðàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ãíîñòèöèçìà - ýêëåêòè÷åñêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÃÍÎÑÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. gnosis - çíàíèå, logos - ó÷åíèå) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, çàíèìàþùàÿñÿÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÃÎÁÁÑ (Hobbes) Òîìàñ (1588-1679) - àíãëèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü è ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë ÎÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÎËÎÑÎÂÊÅÐ ßêîâ Ýììàíóèëîâè÷ (1890-1967) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, ôèëîëîã. Ó÷èëñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÎËÜÁÀÕ (Holbach) Ïîëü Àíðè (1723-1789) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé øêîëû ôÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÃÎËÜÄÌÀÍ (Goldmann) Ëþñüåí (1913-1970) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ãåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÎÌÅÎÑÒÀÇ, ãîìåîñòàçèñ (ãðå÷. homois - ïîäîáíûé, îäèíàêîâûé è stasis - íåïîäâèæíûé, ñîñòîÿÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÃÎÐÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1886-1943) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîýò. Îêîí÷èë äóõîâíîåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÎÑÏÈÒÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. hospitalis - ãîñòåïðèèìíûé; ãîñïèòàëü - ëå÷åáíîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå) - â áóêâàëüÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÎ - îñíîâíîé èíñòèòóò ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû, íàäåëåííûé âûñøåé çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé âëB.C. Òàðàñîâ

ÃÎÓËÄÍÅÐ (Gouldner) Àëâèí (1920-1980) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã íåîìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòàöèè. Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÎÔÌÀÍ (Goffman) Èðâèíã (1922-1982) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ñèìÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíñî

ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÑÊÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå ðÿäà ãóìàíèòàðíûõ äèñöèïëèí, ñîäåðæàíèå êîòîðîãî îõâàòûâàåòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÐÀÌØÈ (Gramsci) Àíòîíèî (1891-1937) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîëèòîëîã, ñîöèîëîã, ïîëèòè÷åñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÐÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ Òèìîôåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1813-1855) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, ôèëîñîô, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëüÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÐÎÄÍÅÍÑÊÈÅ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÑÊÈÅ ÒÐÀÊÒÀÒÛ - êîìïëåêñ ôèëîñîôñêèõ êóðñîâ èç ã. Ãðîäíî 17-18 ââ. ðàçëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÃÐÎÒ Íèêîëàé ßêîâëåâè÷ (1852-1899) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã.  1875 îêîí÷èë èñòîðèêî-ôÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÃÐÎÖÈÉ Ãóãî äå Ãðîîò (Grotius, de Groot) (1583-1645) - ãîëëàíäñêèé ãóìàíèñò, òåîðåòèê ïðàâÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÃÐÓÏÏÀ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÃÐÓÏÏÀ ÃÐÓÏÏÎÂÎÉ

ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ, ãðóïïîâîé àíàëèç, ãðóïïîâàÿ àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ òåðàïèÿ - îäíîâðåìåííîå ëå÷åíèå ãðóÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÐÞÍÁÀÓÌ (Grunbaum) Àäîëüô (ð. 1923) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô íàóêè íåìåöêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ.À.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÃÓÌÀÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. humanitas - ÷åëîâå÷íîñòü) - ìèðîâîççðåíèå àíòðîïîöåíòðèçìà (õàðàêòåðíîãî åùÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÓÌÀÍÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß - íàïðàâëåíèå ñîâðåìåííîé ïñèõîëîãèè, âñå åùå íå ÿâëÿþùååñÿ ñòðÄ.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷

ÃÓÌÀÍÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÐÅËÈÃÈß (ëàò. humanus - ÷åëîâå÷íûé è ëàò. religio - íàáîæíîñòü) - ïî ÔðîììÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÓÌÀÍÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ëàò. humanus - ÷åëîâå÷íûé, ÷åëîâåêîëþáèâûé è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - ñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÃÓÌÁÎËÜÄÒ (Humboldt) Âèëüãåëüì ôîí (1767-1835) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ÿçûêîâåä, ãîñóäàðñòâåííÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÓÌÈËÅÂ Ëåâ Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1912-1992) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê-ýòíîëîã, ôèëîñîô, àâòîð îðèãèíàëüíîé Â.Í. Ôóðå

ÃÓÌÏËÎÂÈ× (Gumplowich) Ëþäâèã (1838-1909) - ïîëüñêî-àâñòðèéñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïðàâîâåä, ïðåïîÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê

ÃÓÐÂÈ× (Gurvitch) Ãåîðãèé Äàâûäîâè÷ (Æîðæ) (1894-1965) - ôðàíöóçñêèé è ðîññèéñêèé ñîöèîëîãÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî ÃÓÐÄÆÈÅ Ãåîðãèé Èâàíîâè÷ (1872/1873/1877-1949) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü.  þíîñòè ó Ã. ïîÿâëÿåÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÃÓÑÑÅÐËÜ (Husserl) Ýäìóíä (1859-1938) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü ôåíîìåíîëîãèè, îäíà èÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÃÝËÁÐÅÉÒ (Galbraith) Äæîí Êåííåò (ð. 1908) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ýêîíîìèñò, ñîöèîëîã, À.À. Áàêàíîâ, Ì.Ã. Áàêàíîâà

ÄÀÂÈÄ ÀÍÀÕÒ (ÍÅÏÎÁÅÄÈÌÛÉ) (îê. 475 -1 ïîë. 6 â.) - àðìÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîïëàòîíèê. Ïîëó÷èë îÂ.Ô. Âåðíîå

ÄÀÄÀÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå â ìîäåðíèçìå, êóëüòèâèðóåìîå â ïåðèîä ñ 1916 ïî 1921 è ñâÿçàííîå ñ èÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÄÀÌÈÀÍÈ Ïåòð - ñì. ÏÅÒÐ ÄÀÌÈÀÍÈ

ÄÀÍÈËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé ßêîâëåâè÷ (1822-1885) - ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò, ñîöèàëüíûé ìûñëèòåëü, êóëüÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÄÀÍÒÅ Àëèãüåðè (Dante Alighieri) (1265-1321) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ïîýò îáùååâðîïåéñêîãî è ìèðîâîãÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî ÄÀÎ (êèò. - Áîã, ñëîâî, ëîãîñ, ïóòü) - ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåêèòàéñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáîçíà÷àþùåå òî,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÀÎÑÈÇÌ - ó÷åíèå î äàî èëè "ïóòè âåùåé". Êàê îñîáàÿ ñèñòåìà ôèëîñîôñòâîâàíèÿ âîçíèêàåò â ÊÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÀÐÂÈÍ (Darwin) ×àðëüç Ðîáåðò (1809-1882) - áðèòàíñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, àâòîð òåîðèè ïðÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÄÀÐÅÍÄÎÐÔ (Darendorf) Ðàëüô (ð. 1929) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïîëèòîëîã, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëüÍ.Â. Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷

ÄÂÀ ÂÈÄÀ (ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ) ÎÐÈÅÍÒÀÖÈÈ - â ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêîì ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðîììà, äâå îñíîâíûå óñòðåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå ïðîöåññóàëüíîãî ôåíîìåíà, îõâàòûâàþùåãî âñå òèïû èçìåíåíèé è âçàèìîäåéñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÄÂÎÉÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÈÑÒÈÍÛ òåîðèÿ - ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîå â ñðåäíèå âåêà ôèëîñîôñêîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå î ïÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÄÅÁÎÐÈÍ (Èîôôå) Àáðàì Ìîèñååâè÷ (1881-1963) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô.  1908 îêîí÷èë ôèëîñîôñêB.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÅÂÈÀÍÒÍÀß ÍÀÓÊÀ - ñì. ÏÀÐÀÍÀÓ×ÍÎÅ ÇÍÀÍÈÅ ÄÅÄÓÊÖÈß (ëàò. deductio - âûâåäåíèå) - â øèðîêîìÂ.Ô. Âåðíîå

ÄÅÈÇÌ (ëàò. deus - áîã) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ ïàðàäèãìà ñèíòåçà ñöèåíòèñòñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî ðàöèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

âàí ÄÅÉÊ (Dijk) Òîéí À. (ð. 1943) - ãîëëàíäñêèé ëèíãâèñò, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ëèíãâèñòèêè Ä.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÄÅÊÀÁÐÈÑÒÛ - îðãàíèçàòîðû íåóäàâøåãîñÿ âîîðóæåííîãî ìÿòåæà â Ðîññèè â äåêàáðå 1825, ïðåäñòÀ .À. Ã ðèöèíîâ, À.È. Ìåðöàëîâà

ÄÅÊÀÄÅÍÒÑÒÂÎ (ôðàíö. decadence - ðàçëîæåíèå, óïàäîê) - ïîíÿòèå èñòîðè÷åñêîé, èñòîðèêî-ôèëîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÅÊÀÐÒ (Descartes) Ðåíå (ëàòèíèçèðîâ. èìÿ - Êàðòåçèé; Renatus Cartesius) (1596-1650) - ôðàÅ.À. Àëåêñååâà, Ò.Ì. Òóçîâà

ÄÅÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈß - íàïðàâëåíèå ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèñòñêîãî êðèòèöèçìà, ñâÿçûâàåìîå ñ ðàáîòàìè ôðàíÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ

ÄÅËÅÇ (Deleuze) Æèëü (1925-1995) - îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ôðàíöóçñêîãî ïîñòñòðóÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÄÅÌÈÓÐà (ãðå÷. demiurgos - èçãîòàâëèâàþùèé âåùè, ðàáîòíèê, òâîðåö) - ó äðåâíèõ ãðåêîâ - ñâÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÄÅÌÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÂÇÐÛ - ðåçêîå óñêîðåíèå ðîñòà ÷èñëåííîñòè íàñåëåíèÿ èç-çà óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ïðÅ.À. Êå÷èíà

ÄÅÌÎÃÐÀÔÈß (ãðå÷. demos - íàðîä, grafo - ïèøó) - íàóêà î çàêîíîìåðíîñòÿõ âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà íÅ.À. Êå÷èíà

ÄÅÌÎÊÐÈÒ èç Àáäåð (460 - îêîëî 370 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíûé-ýíöèêëîïåäèñÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÄÅÍÎÒÀÒ (ëàò. de-notation - îáîçíà÷åíèå) - ìíîæåñòâî ïðåäìåòîâ, îáîçíà÷àåìûõ äàííûì èìåíåìÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÄÅÎÍÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. deon - äîëãæíîå è logos - ó÷åíèå, ñëîâî) - êîíöåïöèÿ, ðàçäåë ýòè÷åñêîé À.È. Ëîéêî

ÄÅÐÐÈÄÀ (Derrida) Æàê (ð. 1930) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è êóëüòóðîëîã. Ïðåïîäàâàë â ÑîðáîííåÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ

ÄÅÑÈÃÍÀÒ (ëàò. designatio - îáîçíà÷åíèå) - èäåàëüíûé îáúåêò, îáîçíà÷àåìûé äàííûì èìåíåì, âÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÄÅÑÒÐÓÄÎ (ëàò. destructio - ðàçðóøåíèå, íàðóøåíèå íîðìàëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû ÷åãî-ëèáî) - â ïñèõÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÄÅÑÒÐÓÊÖÈß - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé îíòîëîãèè Õàéäåããåðà. Ïîíÿòèå Ä. Â.Ï. Ñåìåíîâà

ÄÅÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. determino - îïðåäåëÿþ) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå î çàêîíîìåðíîé óíèâåðñàëüíîéÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÄÅÔÈÍÈÖÈß (ëàò. definitio - îïðåäåëåíèå) - ëîãè÷åñêàÿ îïåðàöèÿ: 1) ðàñêðûâàþùàÿ ñîäåðæàíèåÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - îäèí èç âàæíåéøèõ àòðèáóòîâ áûòèÿ ÷åëîâåêà, ñâÿçàííûé ñ öåëåíàïðàâëåííûì èçÀ.È. Ëîéêî

ÄÆÀÉÍÈÇÌ (ñàíñêð. äæèíà - ïîáåäèòåëü) - îäíà èç äðåâíåéøèõ ðåëèãèé Èíäèè, âîçíèêøàÿ â 6 â.À.À. Êðóãëîå

ÄÆÅÌÑ (ÄÆÅÉÌÑ) (James) Óèëüÿì (1842-1910) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð (ïð

íûé ýêâèâàëåíò âîéíû" (1904), "Ïðàãìàòèçì - íîâîå íàçâàíèå íåêîòîðûõ ñòàðûõ ñïîñîáîâ ìûøëåíèÿ"À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÆÅÍÒÈËÅ (Gentile) Äæîâàííè (1875-1944) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, íåîãåãåëüÿíåö, îñíîâàòåëü "Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÄÆÈËÀÑ (Jilas) Ìèëîâàí (1911-1995) - þãîñëàâñêèé ïèñàòåëü, ìûñëèòåëü, îáùåñòâåííûé è ïîëèòâ þãîñëàâñêèõ òþðüìàõ. Â èññëåäîâàíèÿõ "Íîâûé êëàññ" (1957), "Íåñîâåðøåííîå îáùåñòâî" (1969), À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÈÀËÅÊÒÈÊÀ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïòóàëèçàöèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ, ïîíÿòîãî êàê â îíòîëîãè÷åñêîì, òàê è âÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÄÈÀËÅÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÒÅÎËÎÃÈß - âåäóùåå íàïðàâëåíèå â òåîëîãèè ïðîòåñòàíòèçìà â 1920-30-å. Âîçíè(1892-1971). Íà÷àëî ýâîëþöèè Ä.Ò. îòíîñÿò ê âûõîäó â ñâåò ðàáîòû Ê. Áàðòà "Ïîñëàíèå ê ðèìëÿíàìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÄÈÀËÅÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ - ñàìîîáîçíà÷åíèå äèàëåêòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè îáúåêòèâèñòñêîãî òèïÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÄÈÀËÎà (ãðå÷. dialogos - áåñåäà) - èíôîðìàòèâíîå è ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó êÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÄÈÀËÎÃÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíû 20 â., ñòàâèâøåå öåëüþ ñîçäàíèå íîâîãîÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÄÈÀÕÐÎÍÍÎÑÒÜ è ÑÈÍÕÐÎÍÍÎÑÒÜ - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèå ÿçûêîâåä÷åñêèå è ëèòåðàòóðîâåä÷åñêèå ïîíÿòèÿ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÄÈÄÐÎ (Diderot) Äåíè (1713-1784) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è èäåîëîã Ïðîñâåùåíèÿ, ïèñàòåëü, òåíîãî" õàðàêòåðà íàèáîëåå çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ãèïîòåç, òðåáóþùèõ äëÿ ñâîåãî âûäâèæåíèÿ "áîëüøîãî âîîáðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÄÈÊÒÀÒÓÐÀ ÏÐÎËÅÒÀÐÈÀÒÀ - ïîíÿòèå, âïåðâûå óïîòðåáëåííîå Ìàðêñîì â ðàáîòå "Êëàññîâàÿ áîðüáàË.Ñ. Äóäèíñêèé

ÄÈËÅÌÌÀ - (ãðå÷. di - äâàæäû, ëàò. - lemma - ïðåäïîëîæåíèå - äâîéíîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå) - ñóæäÌ.Ð. Äèñüêî

ÄÈËÜÒÅÉ (Dilthey) Âèëüãåëüì (1833-1911) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã è èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû. ÏÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÄÈÎÃÅÍ ËÀÝÐÒÈÉ (êîíåö 2-3 â.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèè, àâòîð êðóïíåéøåãî èç äîÀ.Â. Ïàøêåâè÷

ÄÈÎÃÅÍ ÑÈÍÎÏÑÊÈÉ (îê. 404 - îê. 323 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàÀ.Â. Âàøêåâè÷

ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑ (ôðàíö. discour - ðå÷ü) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå ñëîâà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñëîæíîå åäèíñòÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑÈÂÍÛÉ (ïîçäíåëàò. discursus - ðàññóæäåíèå, äîâîä) - ðàññóäî÷íûé, ïîíÿòèéíûé, ëîãè÷åÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß

ÄÈÔÔÓÇÈÎÍÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå â êóëüòóðíîé àíòðîïîëîãèè, ñôîðìèðîâàâøååñÿ íà ðóáåæå 19-20 ââ.Ï.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÄÎÁÐÎ è ÇËÎ - êàòåãîðèè ýòèêè è ïîíÿòèÿ ìîðàëüíîãî ñîçíàíèÿ, â ïðåäåëüíî îáùåé ôîðìå ïîêàçÍ.Ã. Ñåâàñòüÿíîâà

ÄÎÁØÅÂÈ× Áåíåäèêò (1722-1794) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýêëåêòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè â Áåëàðóñè è Ëèòâå, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÄÎÂÃÈÐÄ Àíèîë (1776-1835) - áåëîðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ôèëîñîôèè, êàòîëè÷åñêèé ñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÄÎÃÌÀÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. dogma - ìíåíèå, ó÷åíèå, ïîñòàíîâëåíèå) - òåðìèí, ââåäåííûé äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèÐ.Í. Äîæäèêîâà

ÄÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ ÁÛÒÈß ÁÎÃÀ - îáîñíîâàíèÿ èñòèííîñòè òåçèñà î ñóùåñòâîâàíèè áûòèÿ Áîãà, ïðàêÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÄÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ - îáîñíîâàíèå èñòèííîñòè êàêîãî-ëèáî ïîëîæåíèÿ. Ä. (â ëîãèêå) - ðàññóæäåíèåëåíû îñíîâíûå îøèáêè ïðè èõ íàðóøåíèè.  ÷àñòíîñòè, òåçèñ äîëæåí áûòü ÿñíûì è òî÷íûì; äîëæåí îÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ÄÎÊÒÎÐ (ëàò. - doctor) - ïî÷åòíûé òèòóë âåäóùèõ òåîëîãîâ è ôèëîñîôîâ ñðåäíåâåêîâüÿ: doctorÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÄÎËà - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû, ýòè÷åñêîå è ñîöèàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå; ìåõàíèçì, âêëþ÷àþùèé ìîðàëüíîÀ.È. Ëîéêî

ÄÎÑÎÊÐÀÒÈÊÈ - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèå ôèëîñîôû ðàííåãî ïåðèîäà (6-5 ââ. äî í.ý.), à òàêæå èõ ïðååìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÎÑÒÎÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ôåäîð Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1821-1881) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò. Îñíîâíûå À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÐÓÃÎÉ - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè 20 â., ôèêñèðóþùåå íåêîòîðûé îïûò âñòðå÷è ß ñ ïîäîáíîé åìó ñóùíÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÄÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. dualis - äâîéñòâåííûé) - 1) ôèëîñîôñêàÿ èíòåðïðåòàöèîííàÿ ïàðàäèãìà, ôóíäèðîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÄÓÍÑ ÑÊÎÒ - ñì. ÈÎÀÍÍ ÄÓÍÑ ÑÊÎÒ ÄÓØÀ (ãðå÷. psyche, ëàò. anima): 1.  ðåëèãèè ïîä Ä. ïîíèìÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÄÕÀÐÌÀ (ñàíñêð. dharma, òèá. chos, êèò. fa., ÿï. ho - çàêîí, ðåëèãèÿ, äîëã, äîêòðèíà, áëàãÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÄÜÞÈ (Dewey) Äæîí (1859-1920) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñèñòåìàòèçàòîð ïðàãìàòèçìà, ñîçäàòåëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÞÐÈÍà (During) Åâãåíèé (1833-1921) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ýêîíîìèñò, ïðîôåññîð ìåõàíèêè. ÎñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÄÞÐÊÃÅÉÌ (Durkheim) Ýìèëü (1858-1917) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, ðîäîíà÷àëüíèê ôðàí÷åëîâå÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ, åå ïðîäóêòàìè ïðåäïîëàãàåò çàâèñèìîñòü ÷ëåíîâ îáùåñòâà äðóã îò äðóÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê

ÅÂÃÅÍÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. eugenes - áëàãîðîäíûé, õîðîøåãî ðîäà) - ó÷åíèå î íàñëåäñòâåííîì çäîðîâÅ.À. Êå÷èíà

ÅÂÐÀÇÈÉÑÒÂÎ - ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêîå è ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå è èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîå äâèæåíèå, À. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÅÂÐÎÏÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ - èñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíàÿ è ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, ïîñòóëèðóþùàÿ è îáîñíîâûñòè÷åñêóþ ÷àñòè. Ìåæäó íèìè ðàçâåðíóëîñü îñòðîå ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêîå è â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ îïîñðåäîâàííîË.Å. Ëîéêî

ÅÂÕÀÐÈÑÒÈß (ãðå÷. evcharistia - áëàãîäàðåíèå) - ãëàâíûé îáðÿä õðèñòèàíñêîãî áîãîñëóæåíèÿ, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÅÃÈÏÅÒÑÊÀß "ÊÍÈÃÀ ÌÅÐÒÂÛÕ" - îäíî èç äðåâíåéøèõ äîøåäøèõ äî íàøåãî âðåìåíè ñîáðàíèé äðåâíåÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÅËÅÍÑÊÈÉÈîñèô (Àëåêñåé) Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1756-1813) - ñîöèàëüíûé ìûñëèòåëü è ðåôîðìàòîð, ïðåäñòÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÅÐÅÑÈ (ãðå÷. hairesis; ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî - îòáîð, ïîçæå - ó÷åíèå, øêîëà, ðåëèãèîçíàÿ ñåêòà) - À.À. Êðóãëîå

ÅÐÌÀÊΠÈâàí Äìèòðèåâè÷ (ïñåâäîíèì - Èâåðì) (1875-1942) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê.Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÅÐÎÔÅÅ Âåíåäèêò Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1938-1990) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, êóëüòîâàÿ ôèãóðà ðîññèéñêîãî èÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÅÑÒÅÑÒÂÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - îáîçíà÷åíèå òðàäèöèîííîé ñîâîêóïíîñòè íàóê î ïðèðîäå, îðèåíòèðîâàííîé íà Ï.Ñ. Êàðàêî

ÅÔÐÎÑÈÍÜß ÏÎËÎÖÊÀß (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Ïðåäñëàâà, îê. 1110-1173) - äî÷ü ïîëîöêîãî êíÿçÿ Ãåîðãèÿ Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÆÀÍ ÁÓÐÈÄÀÍ (Buridan) (îê. 1300-îê. 1358) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íîìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÆÀÍÅ (Janet) Ïüåð (1859-1947) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïñèõèàòð è íåâðîïàòîëîã. Äîêòîð ìåäèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÆÅËÅ Æåëþ (ð. 1935) - áîëãàðñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü, Ïðåçèäåíò Áîëãàðèè (19À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

"ÆÈÇÍÅÍÍÛÉ ÌÈÐ" (Lebenswelt) - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ïîçäíåé ôåíîìåíîëîãèè Ãóññåðëÿ,ãî êðèçèñà, Ãóññåðëü ãîâîðèò î "çàáëóæäåíèÿõ" åâðîïåéñêîãî îäíîñòîðîííåãî ðàöèîíàëèçìà, çàïóòàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÆÈÇÍÜ - 1) Òåðìèí êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, ôèêñèðóþùèé ñïîñîá áûòèÿ íàäåëåííûõ âíóòðåííåé àÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî

ÆÈËÜÑÎÍ (Gilson) Ýòüåí Àíðè (1884-1978) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÇÀÊÎÍ - ñóùåñòâåííàÿ, íåîáõîäèìàÿ, óñòîé÷èâàÿ, ïîâòîðÿþùàÿñÿ ñâÿçü (îòíîøåíèå) ìåæäó ÿâëåíÒ.Ê. Ñàìóùèê

ÇÀËÊÈÍÄ Àðîí Áîðèñîâè÷ (1886-1936) - ðîññèéñêèé âðà÷ è ïñèõîëîã.  1910 èçó÷àë âîçìîæíîñòèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÇÀËÓÑÑÊÈÉ Ëóêà (1604-1676) - áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïåäàãîã, âñòóïèë â îðäåí èåçóèòîâ â 162Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÇÀÏÀÄÍÈ×ÅÑÒÂÎ (ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÒÂÎ) - òå÷åíèå ðóññêîé îáùåñòâåííîé ìûñëè 40-60-õ 19 â., ïðîòèâîñòîÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÇÅÍÎÍ Ýëåéñêèé (îê. 490 - îê. 430 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýëåéñêñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ê íåäîñòîâåðíîñòè. Ôàêò ïðîòèâîðå÷èÿ ìåæäó äàííûìè îïûòà, ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, è èõÌ.Ð. Äèñúêî

ÇÅÍÎÍ-ÑÒÎÈÊ (346/336/333-264/262 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô (èç Êèòèîíà íà Êèïðå).À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÇÅÍÜÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Âàñèëèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1881-1962) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è áîãîñëîâ. Îêîí÷èë èñòîðèêî-Ä.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÇÈÇÀÍÈÉ (Òóñòàíîâñêèé) Ëàâðåíòèé (îê. 1560-1634) ïåäàãîã-ãóìàíèñò, ôèëîëîã, öåðêîâíûé ïðàâÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÇÈÇÀÍÈÉ (Òóñòàíîâñêèé) Ñòåôàí (2-ÿ ïîë. 16-íà÷. 17 â.) - áåëîðóññêèé ïåäàãîã-ãóìàíèñò, ïèñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÇÈÌÌÅËÜ (Simmå1) Ãåîðã (1858-1918) íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã. Îñíîâîïîëîæíèíîñòíîé èäåíòè÷íîñòè è åå âûðàæåíèå â ñóáúåêòèâíîé êóëüòóðå. Äóõ, îïðåäìåòèâøèñü, íà÷èíàåò ïðî

Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÇÍÀÊ - ìàòåðèàëüíûé, ÷óâñòâåííî âîñïðèíèìàåìûé ïðåäìåò (ñîáûòèå, äåéñòâèå èëè ÿâëåíèå), âûÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÇÍÀÍÅÖÊÈÉ (Znanietskij) Ôëîðèàí Âèòîëüä (1882-1958) - ïîëüñêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÇÍÀÍÈÅ - ñåëåêòèâíàÿ (1), óïîðÿäî÷åííàÿ (2), îïðåäåëåííûì ñïîñîáîì (ìåòîäîì) ïîëó÷åííàÿ (3íå òîëüêî ñî 3., íî è ñ òàêèì êîíöåïòîì, êàê "íåçíàíèå". Åñëè â êëàññè÷åñêèõ ïîäõîäàõ íåçíàíèå© Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÇÍÎÑÊÀßí (1772-1833) - ôèëîñîô è ïîëèòýêîíîì. Ïðîèñõîäèë èç øëÿõåòñêîé ñåìüè ñ ÃðîäíåíùèíûÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÇÎËÎÒÎÅ ÏÐÀÂÈËÎ ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß - ïî Ýðèêñîíó, ëþäè, âêëþ÷åííûå â ïðîöåññ ìåæëè÷íîñòíîãî âçàèìîäÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÇÎÌÁÀÐÒ (Sombard) Âåðíåð (1863-1941) - íåìåöêèé ýêîíîìèñò, èñòîðèê è ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô êóëÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ÇÎÐÎÀÑÒÐÈÇÌ (ÏÀÐÑÈÇÌ) - äóàëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðåëèãèÿ, ñôîðìèðîâàâøàÿñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè Äðåâíåãî ÈðÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÈÁÍ ÐÓØÄ èëè Èáí Ðîøä (ëàòèíèçèðîâàííàÿ òðàíñêðèïöèÿ - Àâåððîýñ) Àáó-ë-Âàëèä Ìóõàììåä èáí À.À. Êðóãëîå

ÈÁÍ ÑÈÍÀ (ëàòèíèçèðîâàííàÿ òðàíñêðèïöèÿ - Àâèöåííà) Àáó Àëè Õóñåéí èáí Àáäàëëàõ (îê. 980-1À.À. Êðóãëîå

ÈÁÍ ÕÀËÜÄÓÍ Àáä àð-Ðàõìàí Àáó Çåéä (1332-1406) - àðàáñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé è îáùåñòâåííûé äÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÂÀÍÎÂ Ïîðôèðèé Êîðíååâè÷ (1898-1983) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîçäàòåëü îäíîé èç íàèáîëåå ýôôÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÂÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1867-1931) - ðóññêî-áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÈÃÐÀ - ðàçíîâèäíîñòü ôèçè÷åñêîé è èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ëèøåííàÿ ïðÿìîé ïðàêòè÷åñÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÈÄÅÀË (ãðå÷. idea - îáðàçåö, íîðìà) - èäåàëüíûé îáðàç, èìåþùèé íîðìàòèâíûé õàðàêòåð è îïðåÀ.È. Ëîéêî

ÈÄÅÀËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÉ ÎÁÚÅÊÒ - ïîíÿòèå ìåòîäîëîãèè íàóêè, ðàñêðûâàþùåå ñïåöèôèêó ïîñòðîåíèÿ è ôâàíî, òî â íàóêàõ ñîöèîãóìàíèòàðíîãî öèêëà îíî ôàêòè÷åñêè áåðåò ñâîå íà÷àëî ñ ðóáåæà 19-20 ââ.À.È. Ëîéêî

ÈÄÅÀËÈÇÌ (ôð. idealisme îò ãð. idea - èäåÿ) - òåðìèí, ââåäåííûé â 18 â. äëÿ èíòåãðàëüíîãî ê êîðíþ "äîì"). Ó Ïëàòîíà ýòî íàõîäèò ñâîå âûðàæåíèå â èíòåðïðåòàöèè êðåàöèîííîãî ïðîöåññà êàêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÎÅ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, ñîäåðæàíèå êîòîðîãî îôîðìëÿåòñÿ â îïïîçèöèè "È. - ìàòåðèàÀ.È. Ëîéêî

ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÛÉ ÒÈÏ - ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, ïðåäëîæåííàÿ Ì. Âåáåðîì äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñòàòóñçíàíèè. Îïàñíîé îøèáêîé, äåçîðèåíòèðóþùåé èññëåäîâàíèå, Âåáåð ñ÷èòàë "ñìåøåíèå òåîðèè è èñòîðèÂ.Í. Ôóðå

ÈÄÅÀËÜÍÛÕ ÒÈÏΠÌÅÒÎÄ - ðàçðàáîòàí Ì. Âåáåðîì è èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ èì â ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß(ïîçäíåëàò. identifico - îòîæäåñòâëÿþ) - 1) îñîçíàíèå, ðàñïîçíàíèå ÷åãî-ëèáî,Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÈÄÅÎËÎÃÈß - ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî òðàäèöèîííî îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü èäåé, ìèôîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÄÅß - ïîíÿòèå, øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåìîå â ðàçëè÷íûõ ôèëîñîôñêèõ ñèñòåìàõ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ íàèáîÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÈÄÈÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ - ñì. ÂÈÍÄÅËÜÁÀÍÄ, ÈÑÒÎÐÈÖÈÇÌ.

ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß (ãðå÷. hieros - ñâÿùåííûé, arche - âëàñòü) - ïðèíöèï ñòðóêòóðíîé îðãàíèçàöèè ìíîãÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß

ÈÇÌÅÍÅÍÍÎÅ ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - îñîáîå ñîñòîÿíèå ñîçíàíèÿ, ñóùåñòâåííî îòëè÷àþùååñÿ îò òîãî åãî ñîñòçâîëÿþùèå ñîçíàòåëüíî, íàöåëåííî âûçûâàòü òå èëè èíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ È.Ñ. (éîãà, àóòîãåííàÿ òðåíèðîÃ.Ì. Êó÷èíñêèé

ÈÇÌÅÐÅÍÈÅ - ïðîöåäóðà ïðèñâîåíèÿ ñèìâîëîâ íàáëþäàåìûì îáúåêòàì â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ íåêîòîðûì Î.Â. Òåðåùåíêî

ÈÈÑÓÑ ÕÐÈÑÒÎÑ (ãðå÷. Iesous - êàëüêà èâðèòñê. Jesua, Jehosua - ïîìîùü ßõâå, ñïàñåíèå; ãðå÷ ÈËÜÅÍÊΠÝâàëüä Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1924-1979) - ðóññêèé ñîâåòñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñïåöèàëèñò ïî òåîðèè äÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈËÜÈÍ Èâàí Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1883-1954) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ãîñóäàðñòâîâåä è îáùåñòâ

À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÌÌÀÍÅÍÒÍÛÉ (ëàò. immanens - ïðåáûâàþùèé âíóòðè) - ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ñâîéñòâî, âíóòðåíÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÍÀÊÎÑÒÜ (ãðå÷. heterores, ëàò. alterritas) - òåðìèí ôèëîñîôèè Ïëàòîíà ("Òèìåé", "ÏàðìåíèäÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÍÂÅÊÒÈÂÀ (àíãë, invective - îáëè÷èòåëüíàÿ ðå÷ü, áðàíü) - êóëüòóðíûé ôåíîìåí ñîöèàëüíîé äèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÍÂÅÐÑÈß (ëàò. inversio - ïåðåâîðà÷èâàíèå, ïåðåñòàíîâêà) - â ïñèõîëîãèè ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàÈ., èíâåðòèðîâàííûå ìóæ÷èíû ïåðåíîñÿò íà ìóæ÷èí âûçâàííîå æåíùèíàìè âîçáóæäåíèå, â ñèëó ÷åãî èÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄ, ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (îò ëàò. individum - íåäåëèìûé) - ïîíÿòèÿ, èñïîëüçóåìûå, êàê ïðàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. idividuum - íåäåëèìîå) - ôèëîñîôñêî-ýòè÷åñêèé ïðèíöèï, óòâåðæäàþùèé ïðÍ.Ã. Ñåâàñòüÿíîâà

ÈÍÄÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - îäíî èç îñíîâíûõ ñëàãàåìûõ ìèðîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, èñòîðèÿ êîòîðîé îõâàòûâîççðåí÷åñêèå êàòåãîðèè, ðàçðàáîòàííûå îðòîäîêñàëüíîé ìûñëüþ - ñàíñàðà, êàðìà, ìîêøà (áóääèéñêÂ.Í. Ôóðå

ÈÍÄÓÈÇÌ - ñàìàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ â ñîâðåìåííîé Èíäèè ðåëèãèÿ (ñâûøå 80% åå íàñåëåíèÿ; èíäóÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÈÍÄÓÊÖÈß (ëàò. inductio - íàâåäåíèå) - ìåòîä ïîçíàíèÿ, ñâÿçàííûé ñ îáîáùåíèåì íàáëþäåíèé èÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ êàòåãîðèé, â êîòîðûõ ñîâðåìåííûå ôèëîñîôû, ñîöèÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÈÍÍÎÂÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ - ïðîöåññóàëüíî ñòðóêòóðèðîâàííàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïðèåìîâÅ.Å. Êó÷êî

ÈÍÍÎÂÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ - ïðîöåññ ñîçäàíèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íîâøåñòâà (ò.å. Å.Å. Êó÷êî

ÈÍÍÎÂÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. inovatio, àíãë. innovation - íîâîââåäåíèå) - ÿâëåíèÿ êóëüòóðû, êîòîðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ

ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒÀËÈÇÌ - èñõîäíî - îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñòàíîâîê ïðàãìàòèçìà, â áîëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒ (ëàò. intellektus - ðàçóìåíèå, ïîçíàíèå) - ñèñòåìà ïîçíàâàòåëüíûõ ñïîñîáíîñòåé èÃ.Ì. Êó÷èíñêèé

ÈÍÒÅËËÈÃÈÁÅËÜÍÛÉ (ëàò. intelligibilis - óìîïîñòèãàåìûé) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, îáðàçóþùàÀ.Í.Øóìàí

ÈÍÒÅÍÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. intentio - ñòðåìëåíèå, âíèìàíèå) - îñíîâíîå ïîíÿòèå ôåíîìåíîëîãèè À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÈÍÒÅÐÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. inter - ìåæäó è natio - íàðîä) - ïîíÿòèå, óïîòðåáëÿåìîå â íåñêîëüêèÃ.È. ×åñíîêîâà

ÈÍÒÅÐÏÐÅÒÀÖÈß (ëàò. interpretatio - òîëêîâàíèå, ðàçúÿñíåíèå) - êîãíèòèâíàÿ ïðîöåäóðà óñòàíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÍÒÅÐÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ - îñîáàÿ îáùíîñòü ìåæäó ïîçíàþùèìè ñóáúåêòàìè, óñëîâèå âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ Ä.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÈÍÒÐÀÂÅÐÑÈß, èíòðàâåðòèðîâàííîñòü (ëàò. intro - äâèæåíèå âíóòðü è verto - îáðàùàòü, ïîâîðàñòâåííûé âíóòðåííèé ìèð. Ïî êðèòåðèÿì È. è ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé åé ýêñòðàâåðñèè Þíã âûäåëÿë òèïû ëèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÈÍÒÐÎÅÊÖÈß (ëàò. intro - äâèæåíèå âíóòðü è jacio - áðîñàòü) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ïðîöåññ è ðåçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÈÍÒÐÎÑÏÅÊÖÈß (ëàò. introspectare - ñìîòðåòü âãëóáü) - ìåòîä ïñèõîëîãèè, çàäà÷à êîòîðîãî ñîÂ. À. Ïîëèêàðïîâ

ÈÍÒÓÈÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. intuitio - ñîçåðöàíèå). Â èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè ìîæíî âûäåëèòü ñëåäóþùèå È.Ì. Ìîðîçîâ

ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, ôàêòè÷åñêè çàìåíèâøåå â êîíöå 20 â. òåðìèí "ïîñòèíäóñòðñòåé âðåìåíè; (2) ñâîáîäà ðåøåíèÿ è ðàâåíñòâî âîçìîæíîñòåé; (3) ðàñöâåò ðàçëè÷íûõ ñâîáîäíûõ ñîÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷

ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß (ëàò. informatio - ðàçúÿñíåíèå, èçëîæåíèå, îñâåäîìëåííîñòü) - îäíî èç íàèáîëåå ÿõ ìîæåò ðåàëèçîâûâàòüñÿ â "ïåðåäàþùóþ" ÷àñòü îòðàæåíèÿ. Ñóáúåêò èçâëåêàåò èç îáúåêòîâ È. è âêÎ.È. Ñåìåíêîâ

ÈÍÖÅÑÒ, èíöåñòóîçíîñòü (ëàò. incestus - íå÷èñòûé, ïîðî÷íûé) - ñåêñóàëüíûå îòíîøåíèÿ (êîèòóÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÈÎÀÍÍ ÄÓÍÑ ÑÊÎÒ (Duns Scotus) (1265/1266-1308) - øîòëàíäñêèé ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîñîô è òåîëî

Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÎÀÍÍ ÑÊÎÒ ÝÐÈÓÃÅÍÀ (810-877/887) - ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ, ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, â ÈÈ.À. Íåñòåðîâè÷

ÈÐÎÍÈß (ãðå÷. eironeia - ïðèòâîðñòâî) - ìåòàëîãè÷åñêàÿ ôèãóðà ñêðûòîãî ñìûñëà òåêñòà, ïîñòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÐÎÍÈß ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ- òåðìèí ôèëîñîôèè èñòîðèè, ôèêñèðóþùèé ôåíîìåí ðàäèêàëüíîãî íåñîâïàäåíèÿ öåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÐÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. irrationalis - áåññîçíàòåëüíîå, ' íåðàçóìíîå) - ôèëîñîôñêèå òå÷åíèÿ, ïÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÈÑÈÕÀÇÌ (ãðå÷. hesychia - ñïîêîéñòâèå è òèøèíà) - ìèñòè÷åñêàÿ òðàäèöèÿ áîãîñîçåðöàíèÿ â ïðÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí

ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ è ÅÑÒÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ - êàòåãîðèàëüíàÿ ïàðà, óêàçûâàþùàÿ íà ðàçëè÷íûå ìîäóñû ñóùåñòïðîÿâëåíèÿ àêòèâíîñòè (ââåäåíèÿ è èíèöèèðîâàíèÿ ôàêòîðîâ, ïðîÿâëåíèÿ ñâîáîäû è òâîð÷åñòâà) è ïÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÎ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â äâóõ çíà÷åíèÿõ: 1) ìàñòåðñòâî, óìåíèå, ëîâêîñòü, ñíîðîâÎ.Í. Êóêðàê

ÈÑËÀÌ (àðàáñê. àë-Èñëàì - ïðåäàíèå ñåáÿ Áîãó, ïîêîðíîñòü) - îäíà èç ìèðîâûõ ðåëèãèé, èíà÷åÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÈÑÒÈÍÀ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà (ñì.: Óíèâåðñàëèè, Êàòåãîðèè êóëüòóðÌ.À.Ìîæåéêî

ÈÑÒÎÐÈÖÈÇÌ - ñòðàòåãèÿ èñòîðè÷åñêîãî (è - øèðå - ãóìàíèòàðíîãî) ïîçíàíèÿ, ïðåäïîëàãàþùàÿ ïòè÷åñêèõ ñõåì "ïî ïîâîäó æèçíè" - èçâíå. Ïðîîáðàçîì òèïîâîé ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé ïðîöåäóðû âûñòóïàåòñòîÿíèåì ïîçíàâàâøåãî, íå ìîæåò áûòü èñ÷åðïûâàþùå àäåêâàòíî âîïëîùåí â îáúåêòèâèðîâàííûé òåêñòñòóïàåò êàê ñâîåãî ðîäà ëèòåðàòóðíûé æàíð ("èñòîðè÷åñêîå ïîâåñòâîâàíèå"), è èìåííî èíòåëëåêòóàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ (ìàòåðèàëèñòè÷åñêîå ïîíèìàíèå èñòîðèè) - ïàðàäèãìà ôèëîñîôèè èñòîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÈÑÒÎÐÈß - äâèæåíèå îáùåñòâà âî âðåìåíè, ïðåäìåò èçó÷åíèÿ èñòîðèîãðàôèè è ôèëîñîôèè È. ÍåïîÂ.Í. Ôóðå

ÈÑÒÎÐÈß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, ïðåäìåòîì êîòîðîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîöåññ âîçíèêíîâåíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÈÓÄÀÈÇÌ - íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ðåëèãèÿ åâðååâ; ïåðâûé â èñòîðèè ìèðîâîé êóëüòóðû ïðåöåäåíò òåèçìà Ì.À.Ìîæåéêî

ÉÎÃÀ (ñàíñêð. joga - ñâÿçü, åäèíåíèå, ìåòîä, óñèëèå) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÊÀÁÀÍÈÑ (Cabanis) Ïüåð Æàí Æîðæ (1757-1808) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ìàòåðèàëèñò è âðà÷. Ó÷åíÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÊÀÁÁÀËÀ (äðåâíååâð. Qabbalah - ïðèíÿòèå, ïðåäàíèå) - ñîêðîâåííàÿ (òàéíàÿ) ìóäðîñòü åâðåéñêÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÊÀÂÅËÈÍ Êîíñòàíòèí Äìèòðèåâè÷ (1818-1885) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðàâîâåä, èñòîðèê, ïóáëèöèñò.H.JI. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÀÊÀÁÀÄÇÅ Çóðàá (1926-1982) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, ïîýò.  1950 îêîí÷èë ôèëîñîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÀËÎÊÀÃÀÒÈß - (ãðå÷. kalos kai hagatos - êðàñèâûé è õîðîøèé) - ýòèêî-ýñòåòè÷åñêèé èäåàë äðÀ .À.Ãðèöèíîâ

ÊÀËÜÂÈÍ (Calvin) Æàí (1509-1564) - äåÿòåëü Ðåôîðìàöèè âî Ôðàíöèè, îñíîâàòåëü êàëüâèíèçìà (À. À. Êðóãëîå

ÊÀÌÏÀÍÅËËÀ (Campanella) Òîììàçî (1568-1639) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÀÌÞ (Camus) Àëüáåð (1913-1960) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, ïèñàòåëü, äðàìàòóðã. ËàóÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÊÀÍÅÒÒÈ (Canetti) Ýëèàñ (1905-1994) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü. Â 1938 â ñâÿçè ñ àíøëþñîì ÀâñòÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÀÍÒ (Kant) Èììàíóèë (1724-1804) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, ñ ðàáîò êîòîðîãîÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÊÀÏÏÀÄÎÊÈÉÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå

ÊÀÐÄÈÍÅÐ(Êàrdiner) Àáðàì (1892-1981) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð, ýòíîëîã, ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ñîöÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÊÀÐÅÅ Íèêîëàé Èâàíîâè÷ (1850-1931) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, ñîöèîëîã, ãèìíàçè÷åñêèé òîâàðèù è áÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÀÐÌÀ (ñàíñêð. karman - äåéñòâèå, äåëî, æðåáèé) - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé èíäèéñêîé ôèÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÊÀÐÍÀÏ (Ñàrnàð) Ðóäîëüô (1891-1970) - íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ïðåïîäàâàë ôèëÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÀÐÑÀÂÈÍ Ëåâ Ïëàòîíîâè÷ (1882-1952) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò, ñêèé ïðèíöèï âñååäèíñòâà, êîòîðûé îí ñòðåìèëñÿ ïðåäñòàâèòü â èíîé (ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ Ñîëîâüåâûì èÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÊÀÐÒÅÇÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ - ñì. ÄÅÊÀÐÒ

ÊÀÑÑÈÐÅÐ (Cassirer) Ýðíñò (1874-1945) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîêàíòèàíñêîé ôèëîñîôèè ìàðáóðãñêîéÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÊÀÑÒÀ (ïîðòóã. casta - ðîä, ïîêîëåíèå, ïðîèñõîæäåíèå) - ýíäîãàìíàÿ ãðóïïà ëþäåé, çàíèìàþùàÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÊÀÑÒÀÍÅÄÀ (Castaneda) Êàðëîñ (1896-1958) - ëàòèíîàìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, àâòîð ðÿäà êíèã,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÀÒÀÐÑÈÑ (ãðå÷. katharsis - î÷èùåíèå) - ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïîëó÷åíèåì óäîâîëüñòâèÿ, ïðîöåññ è ðåçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÊÀÒÀÐÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ (ãðå÷. katharsis - î÷èùåíèå) - ïñèõîòåðàïåâòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä È. Áðåéåðà -Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÊÀÒÀÑÒÐÎÔÀ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÊÀÒÀÑÒÐÎÔÀ

ÊÀÒÀÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß òåîëîãèÿ (ãðå÷. kataphatikos - óòâåðäèòåëüíûé) - ïàðàäèãìàëüíàÿ óñòàíîâêà òÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈÈ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ - íàáîð îñíîâîïîëàãàþùèõ äëÿ äàííîé êóëüòóðû ïîíÿòèé, îáðàçóþùèõ â ñîâîÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÈÌÏÅÐÀÒÈ (ëàò. imperative - ïîâåëèòåëüíûé) - áàçîâîå ïîíÿòèå ýòèêè Êàíòà, Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. Kategoria - âûñêàçûâàíèå, îáâèíåíèå; ïðèçíàê) - ïðåäåëüíî îáùåå ïîíÿòèå. Â.Ô. Âåðíîå

ÊÀÒÅÊÑÈÑ (àíãë. íåîëîãèçì cathexis - êîëè÷åñòâî ýíåðãèè) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé çÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÊÀÒÎËÈ×ÅÑÒÂÎ (ãðå÷. katholikos - òåðìèí õðèñòèàíñêîãî ó÷åíèÿ, âïåðâûå âñòðå÷àþùèéñÿ â õðèñÀ.À. Ðûáàêîâ

ÊÀÓÇÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. causalis - ïðè÷èííûé, causa - ïðè÷èíà) èëè ïðè÷èííîñòü - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êà

A.M. Ëåâàíþê

ÊÀÓÒÑÊÈÉ (Kautsky) Êàðë (1854-1938) - íåìåöêèé èñòîðèê, ýêîíîìèñò, ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò, îäÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà

ÊÀÔÊÀ (Kafka) Ôðàíö (1883-1924) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü. Àâòîð ðîìàíîâ "Ïðîöåññ", "Çàìîê", À.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÎ è ÊÎËÈ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, âïåðâûå ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàííûå â òàêîì ñòàòóñå À.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÂÈÅÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. quietus - ñïîêîéíûé) - íåîðòîäîêñàëüíîå òå÷åíèå â êàòîëèöèçìå, öåíòðèðóþùååÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî, Ñ.Ë. Ëåíèí

ÊÅÄÐÎÂ Áîíèôàòèé Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1903-1985) - ðîññèéñêèé ñîâåòñêèé ôèëîñîô, õèìèê, èñòîðèê íàóÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÈÍÈÊÈ - ñì. ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ ÊÈÐÅÅÂÑÊÈÉ Èâàí Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1806-1856) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîôÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÊÈÐÅÍÀÈÊÈ - ñì. ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ ÊÈÐÈËË ÒÓÐÎÂÑÊÈÉ (îê. ÈÇÎ - îê. 1182) - ñòàðîáåëîðóññêÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÈÑÒßÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Áîãäàí Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1868-1920) - óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïðÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÈÒÀÉÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ ñîñòàâíûõ ÷àñòåé ìèðîâîé èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè, õàðàêòåÂ.Í. Ôóðå

ÊËÀÑÑ (ëàò. classls - ðàçðÿä, ãðóïïà) - êîíå÷íàÿ èëè áåñêîíå÷íàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü âûäåëåííûõ Ä.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. classis - ðàçðÿä, êëàññ è f acio - äåëàþ, ðàñêëàäûâàþ) - ìíîãîñòóïåí÷àÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊËÈÌÅÍÒ ÑÌÎËßÒÈ× (1-ÿ ïîë. 12â. - 1164) äðåâíåðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, öåðêîâíûé äåÿòåëü. Ìîíàõ Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊËÎÑÑÎÂÑÊÈÉ (Klossowski) Ïüåð (ð. 1903) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, ïèñàòåëü, ëèÀ.ß. Ñàðíà

ÊÎÂÀËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ìàêñèì Ìàêñèìîâè÷ (1851-1916) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä, èñòîðèê. Çàêîí÷èë Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÃÅÍ (Cohen) Ãåðìàí (1842-1918) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü è âèäíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü

Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÊÎÃÍÈÒÈÂÍÛÉ ÄÈÑÑÎÍÀÍÑ (ëàò. dissonans - íåñòðîéíî çâó÷àùèé, cognitio - çíàíèå, ïîçíàíèå) -Í.Â. Ðàäêåâè÷

ÊÎÆÅ (Kozhev) Àëåêñàíäð (ðóññêàÿ ôàìèëèÿ - Êîæåâíèêîâ) (1901-1968) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-îáðàçîì íå äîñòèã îñíîâíîé öåëè - ïðèçíàíèÿ ñâîåé ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé ñóùíîñòè, ò.ê. îíî ìîæåò ïðèéòèÀ .Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷,

ÊÎÇÅÐ (Coser) Ëüþèñ À. (ð. 1913) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç îñíîâíûõ òåîðåòèêîâ ñîöèÍ.Â. Ãðèøèíà

ÊÎÇËΠÀëåêñåé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1831-1901) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è èçäàòåëü. Ó÷èëñÿ íà ôèçèêî-ìàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎËËÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÅ ÁÅÑÑÎÇÍÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ - ïîíÿòèå àíàëèòè÷åñêîé ïñèõîëîãèè Þíãà, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ñîâîêóïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÊÎËËÈÍÃÂÓÄ (Collingwood) Ðîáèí Äæîðäæ (1889-1943) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê. ÎñíîâíûåÂ.Ë, Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÌÌÓÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. communis - îáùèé) - îäíà èç ðàäèêàëüíûõ âåðñèé îáùåñòâåííîãî èäåàëà, ñîïðÿÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÎÌÌÓÍÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. communicatio - ñîîáùåíèå, ïåðåäà÷à) - ñìûñëîâîé è èäåàëüíî-ñîäåðæàòåëüíÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ (ëàò. complexus - ñâÿçü, ñî÷åòàíèå) - ïîëèñåìàíòè÷åñêîå ïîíÿòèå ñîâðåìåííîé ïñèõîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÊÎÍÂÅÍÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. conventio - ñîãëàøåíèå) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè íàóêè, ñîãëàñíî êîÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÊÎÍÄÈËÜßÊ (Condillac) Ýòüåí Áîííî äå (1715-1780) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êàòîëè÷åñêèé ñâÿùåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÎÍÄÎÐÑÅ (Condorcet) Ìàðè Æàí Àíòóàí, ìàðêèç äå (1743-1794) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÍÈÑÑÊÈÉ Ãåîðãèé (1717-1795) - àðõèåïèñêîï áåëîðóññêèé, ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü. Ðîäèëñÿ â ÍåæèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÍÍÎÒÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. connotatio, îò ëàò. con - âìåñòå è noto - îòìå÷àþ, îáîçíà÷àþ) - ëîãÀ.À, Ãîðíûõ, Ì.Ð. Äèñüêî

ÊÎÍÑÅÐÂÀÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. conservare - ñîõðàíÿòü) - ñëîæíûé è ìíîãîãðàííûé ñîöèàëüíûé ôåíîìåí, ìîÂ.È. Áîáðîâè÷

ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÒ - ïîíÿòèå, ââîäèìîå ãèïîòåòè÷åñêè (òåîðåòè÷åñêîå) èëè ñîçäàâàåìîå ïî ïîâîäó íàáëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÒÈÂÍÛÉ ÒÈÏ (è êîíñòðóêòèâíûõ òèïîâ ìåòîä) - òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ (è ïðîöåäóðàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

KOHT (Comte) Îãþñò (1798-1857) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ìåòîäîëîã è ïîïóëÿðèçàòîð Ã.Ï. Äàâèäþê

ÊÎÍÒÅÊÑÒ (ëàò. contextus - ñîåäèíåíèå, òåñíàÿ ñâÿçü) - êâàçèòåêñòîâûé ôåíîìåí, ïîðîæäàåìûéÌ. À. Ìîæåéêî

ÊÎÍÒÐÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ - 1) ñîâîêóïíîñòü ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêèõ óñòàíîâîê, ïîâåäåí÷åñêèõ íîðìàòèâîâ è ôîÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ

ÊÎÍÔÈÃÓÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ (ëàò. configuratio - âçàèìíîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå) - îñîáûé ëîãèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñÀ.À.Áàáàéöåâ

ÊÎÍÔËÈÊÒ (ëàò. conflictus - ñòîëêíîâåíèå) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå ñòîëêíîâåíèå, ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèå Í.Â. Ãðèøèíà

ÊÎÍÔËÈÊÒÎËÎÃÈß - ñèíîíèì ïîíÿòèÿ "ñîöèîëîãèÿ êîíôëèêòà", ââåäåííîãî â íàó÷íûé îáîðîò ÇèììåÍ.Â, Ãðèøèíà

ÊÎÍÔÓÖÈÉ (Êóí-öçû) (551-479 äî í.ý.) - êèòàéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü îäíîé èç ïåðâûõ çðåëûõÂ.Í. Ôóðå.

ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒ (ëàò. conceptus - ïîíÿòèå) - ñîäåðæàíèå ïîíÿòèÿ â îòâëå÷åíèè îò ÿçûêîâîé ôîðìû åãîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒÓÀËÈÇÀÖÈß - ïðîöåäóðà ââåäåíèÿ îíòîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé â íàêîïëåííûé ìàññèâ ýìÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÍÖÅÏÒÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. conceptus - ïîíÿòèå) - óìåðåííîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñðåäíåâåêîâîé òðàäèöèè íîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÊÎÏÅÐÍÈÊ (Kopernik, Copernicus) Íèêîëàé (1473-1543) - ïîëüñêèé ìûñëèòåëü ýïîõè ÂîçðîæäåíèÿÀ.À, Êðóãëîå

ÊÎÏÈÅÂÈ× (Êîïèåâñêèé) Èëüÿ Ôåäîðîâè÷ (îê. 1651-1714) - áåëîðóññêî-ðóññêèé èçäàòåëü ó÷åáíûõ

Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÐØ (Korsch) Êàðë (1886-1961) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô íåîìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòàöèè. Çà íåîðòîäîêÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÎÑÌÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. kosmos - îðãàíèçîâàííûé ìèð, kosma - óêðàøåíèå) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ìèðîâîççðåíèåÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÊÎÑÌÈÇÌ ðóññêèé - îñîáûé äóõîâíî-òåîðåòè÷åñêèé ôåíîìåí, âîçíèêøèé â Ðîññèè â êîíöå 19 - íàÎ.Â. Øóáàðî

KOTAPÁÈHÜCKÈÉ (Kotarbinski) Òàäåóø (1886-1981) - ïîëüñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëîãèê, ñîçäàòåëü ïðàêñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÕËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ïåòð (êîí. 16 â. - 1647) - ãóìàíèñò, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé è ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü ÂåëèêîãÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÎÝÂÎËÞÖÈß (ñî - ïðèñòàâêà, îáîçíà÷àþùàÿ â ðÿäå ÿçûêîâ ñîâìåñòíîñòü, ñîãëàñîâàííîñòü; ëàò.B.C. Âÿçîâêèí

ÊÎßËÎÂÈ× Àëüáåðò (1609-1677) - èñòîðèê, òåîëîã, ôèëîñîô ÂÊË è Ïîëüøè.  1627 âñòóïèë â îðäÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë, Àáóøåíêî

ÊÐÀÑÎÒÀ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ ñîäåðæàíèå è ñåìàíòèêî© Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÊÐÀÒÈË (Kratylos) èç Àôèí (2-ÿ ïîë. 5 â. - íà÷. 4 â. äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, óÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÊÐÈÑÒÅÂÀ (Kristeva) Þëèÿ (ð. 1941) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëèíãâèñò, ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê. ÀÅ.Ì. Êíÿçåâà

ÊÐÈØÍÀ (äðåâíåèíä. Krsna, Krshna, áóêâ, "÷åðíûé", "òåìíûé", "òåìíî-ñèíèé") - â èíäèéñêîé ìÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÊÐÎÍÅÐ (Kroner) Ðèõàðä (1884-1974) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïðåïîäàâàë â ðàçëè÷íûõ óíèâåðñèòåòàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÐÎÏÎÒÊÈÍ Ïåòð Àëåêñååâè÷ (1842-1921) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, èäåîëîã àíàðõèçìà è äåìîêðàò, óøèñü â Àíãëèè, îí àêòèâíî çàíèìàåòñÿ íàóêîé è ïóáëèöèñòèêîé, à â 90-õ 19 â. îòîøåë îò ðåâîëþöèÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà

ÊÐÎ×Å (Ñãîñå) Áåíåäåòòî (1866-1952) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÊÓÀÉÍ (Quine) Óèëëàðä âàí Îðìàí (ð. 1908) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç ó÷àñòíèêîâ ÂåíñêÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÓÇÀÍÑÊÈÉ ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ - ñì. ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ ÊÓÇÀÍ-ÑÊÈÉ

ÊÓËÈ (Cooley) ×àðëç Õîðòîí (1864-1929) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô. ÎñíîâÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèè

ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ (ëàò. cultura - âîçäåëûâàíèå, âîñïèòàíèå, îáðàçîâàíèå) - ñèñòåìà èñòîðè÷åñêè ðàçâëû áóäóùåãî ñîöèàëüíîãî óñòðîéñòâà, êîòîðûå åùå íå ñòàëè ãîñïîäñòâóþùåé èäåîëîãèåé; íîâûå íðàâ© B.C. Ñòåïàí

ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎÃÎ ÎÒÑÒÀÂÀÍÈß ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß - èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ êóëüòóðíî-èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ïðîöåññà â ðàìêàõÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎ-ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ â ëèòåðàòóðîâåäåíèè - èíòåëëåêòóàëüíàÿ òðàäèöèÿ â Åâðîïå, âîçÒ.Í. Òàðàñîâà

ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÎËÎÃÈß - ãóìàíèòàðíàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, èçó÷àþùàÿ êóëüòóðó â ñîâîêóïíîñòè åå öåëüíûõ èñòîÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ, Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÊÓÍ (Kuhn) Òîìàñ Ñýìþýë (1922-1996) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è èñòîðèê íàóêè, îäèí èç ëèäåðîíàÿ íàóêà (ïàðàäèãìàÿüíàÿ), ýêñòðàîðäèíàðíàÿ íàóêà (âíå-ïàðàäèãìàëüíàÿ, íàó÷íàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ).  Å.Â. Õîìè÷

ÊÜÅÐÊÅÃÎÐ, Êèðêåãîð (Kierkegaard) Ñåðåí (1813-1855) - äàòñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïèñàòåëü. Òâîð÷åñòìó ñóùåñòâó ñâîåìó äèàëåêòè÷åñêîå, Ê. ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëÿåò ãåãåëåâñêîé äèàëåêòèêå êàê ëîãèêå áûòèÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà

ÊÝÐÐÎËË (Carroll) Ëüþèñ (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - ÄÎÄÆÑÎÍ ×àðëüç Ëóòâèäæ) (1832-1898) - áðèòàíñêèé À. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÀÁÈÐÈÍÒ - îáðàç-ìåòàôîðà ïîñòìîäåðíèçìà - îäèí èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñèñòåìû ïîíÿòèé ôÀ. À.Ãðèöèíîâ

ËÀÁÐÈÎËÀ (Labriola) Àíòîíèî (1843-1904) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô ìàðêñèñòñêîé îðèåíòàöèè. Ó÷àÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÀÂÐΠÏåòð Ëàâðîâè÷ (1823-1900) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïóáëèöèñò, èäåîëîã íàðîäíè÷åÒ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ËÀÊÀÍ (Lacan) Æàê (1901-1981) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, àâòîð ñòðóêòóðàëèñòñêîé âåðñèè ÷àþùèõ"; òàêèì îáðàçîì, òåîðåòè÷åñêèì áàçèñîì "ñòðóêòóðíîãî ïñèõîàíàëèçà" âûñòóïàåò òåçèñ: "ÁåÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ

ËÀÊÀÒÎÑ (Lakatos) Èìðå (1922-1974) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô âåíãåðñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ. Çàíèìàë

Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ËÀÌÀÐÊ (Lamark) Æàí Áàòèñò (1744-1829) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è íàòóðàëèñò, ïðîôåññîð çîîÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ËÀÌÅÒÐÈ (Lammetrie) Æþëüåí Îôðå äå (1709-1751) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô è âðà÷. ÏîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÀÎ-ÖÇÛ (6-5 ââ. äî í.ý.) - ïîëóëåãåíäàðíûé îñíîâàòåëü äàîñèçìà, îäíîãî èç íàèáîëåå çíà÷èòíîìóäðûé, äåëàÿ ñâîå ñåðäöå áåññòðàñòíûì è ñîõðàíÿÿ ïîêîé, óïîäîáëÿåòñÿ âå÷íîìó "äàî" âïëîòü äÂ.Í. Ôóðå

ËÀÏËÀÑ (Laplace) Ïüåð Ñèìîí (1749-1827) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ó÷åíûé, àñòðîíîì, ôèçèê, ìàòåìàòèê, Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ËÀÏÏÎ-ÄÀÍÈËÅÂÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Ñåðãååâè÷ (1863-1919) - ðóññêèé èñòîðèê, ñîöèîëîã. Îêîí÷èë èñòÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÀÏØÈÍ Èâàí Èâàíîâè÷ (1870-1952) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàòåëü À.È. âàí çà ãðàíèöó. Ðàáîòàë â Áðèòàíñêîì ìóçåå, ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàëñÿ ïî êàíòèàíñòâó â àíãëèéñêîé ôèëîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÀÓÊÑÌÈÍ Ñèãèçìóíä (1596-1670) - ëèòîâñêî-áåëîðóññêèé òåîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü "âèëåíñêîé ñõîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÅÁÎÍ (Lå Bon) Ãþñòàâ (1841-1931) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã, ïóáëèöèñò, ëÿåòñÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíîå ðàöèîíàëüíîå íà÷àëî. Ñ ýëèòàðèñò-ñêèõ ïîçèöèé Ë. îöåíèâàë èñòîðèþ öèâèëèÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ËÅÂÈ-ÁÐÞËÜ (Levy-Bruhl) Ëþñüåí (1857-1939) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, àíòðîïîëîã è ñîöèîëîã. ÏÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîåè÷

ËÅÂÈÍ AC (Levinas) Ýììàíóýëü (ð. 1906) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-äèàëîãèñò.  1916-1920 æèë â ùàåìîãî â òîé æå ñàìîé êíèãå.  îòâåò íà êîììåíòàðèé Ë. 11 ìàðòà 1963 íàïðàâëÿåò Áóáåðó ïèñüìîÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ËÅÂÈ-ÑÒÐÎÑÑ (Levi-Strauss) Êëîä (ð. 1908) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ýòíîëîã è ñîöèîëîã, ïîëîæèâøèé íà÷À.À. Ãîðíûõ

ËÅÂÈÖÊÈÉ Ñåðãåé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1908-1983) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, ïèñàòåëü. Ïîñëå ðåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÅÂÊÈÏÏ (5 â. äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô (èç Ìèëåòà èëè Àáäåð èëè Ýëåé). Î æèçíè ËÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÅÃÈÒÈÌÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. legitimus - çàêîííûé) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå - ïðèçíàíèå, îáúÿñíåíèå è îïðà

èññëåäîâàíèÿ îáùåñòâà è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ Âåáåðîì ïðè óñòàíîâëåíèè òèïîâ ëåãèòèìíîãî ãîñïîäñòâà, òàÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ËÅÉÁÍÈÖ (Leibniz) Ãîòôðèä Âèëüãåëüì (1646-1716) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ìàòåìàòèê, ôèçèê, þðèíûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ ìûøëåíèÿ, îí ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêà íå ïðîèñõîäèëî èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî äåäóêòÌ.Â. Ïîäðó÷íûé

ËÅÉÍà (Laing) Ðîíàëüä (1927-1989) - øîòëàíäñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîëîã. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé è Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ËÅÌ (Lem) Ñòàíèñëàâ (ð. 1921) - ïîëüñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü-ôàíòàñò. Îñíîâíûå ïðàíòàãîíèçìû è ãåîïîëèòè÷åñêèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ ñåðåäèíû 20 ñò., íî è îòâåë ýòîé (íåèçáåæíî àêñèîëîãèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÅÍÈÍ (Óëüÿíîâ) Âëàäèìèð Èëüè÷ (1870-1924) - òåîðåòèê áîëüøåâèçìà, ñîçäàòåëü áîëüøåâèñòñêîÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÅÍÈÍÈÇÌ - èäåéíîå òå÷åíèå ñîöèîëîãèè, ïîëèòîëîãèè è îáùåñòâåííîé ïðàêòèêè 20 â., õàðàêòåðÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÅÍ×ÈÖÊÈÉ Ìèêîëàé (15 74-1653) - ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü Áåëàðóñè. Ó÷èëñÿ â Âèëüíå. Ïîñëå ïåðåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÅÎÍÒÜÅ Àëåêñåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1903-1979) - ñîâåòñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïðîôåññîð (1932), äîêòîð ïåäÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ËÅÎÍÒÜÅÂ Êîíñòàíòèí Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1831-1891) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïèñàòåëü è ïóáëèöèñò: âåäóÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ËÅÐÓ (Leroux) Ïüåð (1797-1871) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô è ýêîíîìèñò, àâÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÅÑÑÈÍÃ (Lessing) Ãîòõîëüä Ýôðàèì (1729-1781) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ïèñàòåëü, êÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ËÈÁÅÐÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. liberalis - ñâîáîäíûé) - ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå è îáùåñòâåííîå äâèB.C. Òàðàñîâ

ËÈÁÈÄÎ (ëàò. libido - æåëàíèå, âëå÷åíèå, ñòðåìëåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå, óïîòðåáëÿåìîå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ËÈÍÃÂÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÎÂÎÐÎÒ - òåðìèí, îïèñûâàþùèé ñèòóàöèþ, ñëîæèâøóþñÿ â ôèëîñîôèè â ïåðâîé òêà â åãî îáûäåííîì ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèè. Ñòðóêòóðàëèçì, ãåðìåíåâòèêà, ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ àêÀ,Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ËÈÍÃÂÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÎÒÍÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß (â óçêîì ñìûñëå êîíöåïöèÿ Ý. Ñåïèðà - Á. Ëè Óîðô

Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ËÈÍÊÎÑ (íåîëîãèçì îò ïîëíîãî íàçâàíèÿ "ëèíãâèñòèêà Êîñìîñà") - îäèí èç èñêóññòâåííûõ ÿçûêîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ËÈÎÒÀÐ (Lyotard) Æàí-Ôðàíñóà (ð. 1924) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîçäàòåëü êîíöåïöèè "íàððàòîÀ .ß. Ñàðíà

ËÈÒÂÈÍ Ìèõàèë (Ìèõàèëî Öèøêåâè÷) - áåëîðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò 16 âåêà.  1538-1540 áûëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÈÖÈÍÈÉ ÍÀÌÛÑËÎÂÑÊÈÉ ßí (íà÷. 1560 - îê. 1635) - áåëîðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò, ïåäàãîã, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ, ïåðñîíà (ëàò. persona - ìàñêà, ðîëü àêòåðà) - ïîíÿòèå, âûðàáîòàííîå äëÿ îòîáðàæåíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé â ðàìêàõ ãðóïï, îáùíîñòåé è ñîöèàëüíûõ èíñòèòóòîâ. Ñ ýòîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ íåîáÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÎÂÀÍ Ñòåôàí Ãðèãîðüåâè÷ (ßí Ëàâåéêà) - ìûñëèòåëü, àòåèñò âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû XVI âåêà. Ñóäüÿ Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÎÃÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. logos - ñëîâî, ðàññóæäåíèå, ïîíÿòèå, ðàçóì) - íàóêà î ôîðìàõ, çàêîíàõ è ìåòîÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ËÎÃÎÑ (ãðå÷. logos) - ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, ôèêñèðóþùèé åäèíñòâî ïîíÿòèÿ, ñëîâà è ñìûñëà, ïðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ËÎÊÊ (Locke) Äæîí (1632-1704) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü, îñíÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà

ËÎÌÁÐÎÇÎ (Lombroso) ×åçàðå (1835-1909) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ó÷åíûé è êðèìèíàëèñò. Çàâ. êàôåäðîé ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÎÏÀÒÈÍ Ëåâ Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1855-1920) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã. Äðóã äåòñòâà B.C. ÑîëîâüåÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÎÐÅÍÖ (Lorenz) Êîíðàä Öàõàðèóñ (1903-1989) - àâñòðèéñêèé áèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü "ýâÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ËÎÑÅ Àëåêñåé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1893-1988) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô 20 â. Ó÷èëñÿ íà èñòîðèêî-ôèëîëîãè÷åñÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ËÎÑÑÊÈÉ Âëàäèìèð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1903-1958) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è áîãîñëîâ. Ñûí Í.Î. Ëîññêîãî. ÓÂ.À. Áîäÿêî, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ËÎÑÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé Îíóôðèåâè÷ (1870-1965) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé óíèâåðñèòåöèîíàëüíûé äåÿòåëü - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè Ë. Áóäó÷è íåïîâòîðèìûìè è íåçàìåíèìûìè èíäèÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ËÎÒÌÀÍ Þðèé Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1922-1993) - ðóññêèé êóëüòóðîëîã, ñåìèîòèê, ôèëîëîã. Ñ 1939 - ñòóäÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî, Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ËÓÊÀÑÅÂÈ× (Lukasiewicz) ßí (1878-1956) - ïîëüñêèé ëîãèê è ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð Ëüâîâñêîãî è Ñ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ËÓÊÀ× (Lukach) Äüåðäü (Ãåîðã) (1885-1971) - âåíãåðñêèé ôèëîñîô, ýñòåòèê, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÓÊÌÀÍ (Luckmann) Òîìàñ (ð. 1927) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ó÷åíèê è ïîñëåäîâàòåëü Øþöà, âåäóùèÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ËÓÌÀÍ (Luhmann) Íèêëàñ (ð. 1927) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ñèñòåìíîãî è ôóíêöèîíàÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ËÓÐÈß Àëåêñàíäð Ðîìàíîâè÷ (1902-1977) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô, òåîðåòèê ãíîñåîëîãèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ËÛÙÈÍÑÊÈÉ Êàçèìèð (1634-1689, êàçíåí â Âàðøàâå) - ôèëîñîô Áåëàðóñè, ëåãåíäàðíûé ìó÷åíèê çàÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ËÜÞÈÑ (Lewis) Êëàéâ Ñòåéïëç (1898-1963) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû, ïèñàòåëü; Ì. À. Ìîæåéêî

ËÜÞÈÑ (Lewis) Êëàðåíñ Èðâèíã (1883-1964) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (1911). À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ËÞÁÎÂÜ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ â ñâîåì ñîäåðæàíèè ãëóáîêîå èíèç ïåðâîçäàííîãî îêåàíà íà öâåòêå ëîòîñà, à ñ äðóãîé - ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ ãîðàçäî ïîçäíåå êàê äî÷ü Áõð© Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ËÞÒÅÐ (Luther) Ìàðòèí (1483-1546) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ãëàâà Ðåôîðìàöèè â Ãåðìàíèè, îñíîâÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÌÀÉÅÂÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. maieutike - ïîâèâàëüíîå èñêóññòâî) - ìåòàôîðà, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîé Ñîêðàò ïÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÌÀÉÌÎÍ (Õåéìàí) Ñîëîìîí (1753-1800) - ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü. Ðîäèëñÿ â ìåñòå÷êå Ìèð, â ÁåëàÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÀÉÌÎÍÈÄ (Maimomdes), íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ Ìîøå áåí Ìàéìîí èëè ñîêðàùåííî íà èâðèòå Ðàìáàì (Ðàáè ðý íåâóõèì") (îê. 1190, íàïèñàíî íà àðàáñêîì ÿçûêå, ïîçæå ïåðåâåäåíî íà äðåâíååâðåéñêèé), "Êíè

À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÉÒÐÅÉß - (ñàíñêð. Maitreya, ïàëè Metteyya - ñâÿçàííûé äðóæáîé) - "Âëàäûêà íàðå÷åííûé ÑîñÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÌÀÊÈÀÂÅËËÈ (Machiavelli) Íèêêîëî äè Áåðíàðäî (1469-1527) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïîëèòè÷åÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÊ-ËÞÝÍ (McLuhan) Õåðáåðò Ìàðøàëë (1911-1980) - êàíàäñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, òåîðåòèê êîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÌÀËÈÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ (Malinowski) Áðîíèñëàâ Êàñïàð (1884-1942) - áðèòàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, îñíîâàòåëü Ï.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÌÀËÜÁÐÀÍØ (Ìà1åbrànñhå) Íèêîëà (1638-1715) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ãëàâíûé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü îêäóõîâ" - ýòè, è ïîäîáíûå èì âûñêàçûâàíèÿ Ì. áûëè áëèçêè ê ñïèðèòóàëèçìó, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ïðèçíàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÌÀËÜÒÓÑ (Malthus) Òîìàñ Ðîáåðò (1766-1834) - àíãëèéñêèé ýêîíîìèñò, ñâÿùåííèê àíãëèêàíñêîé À. À.Áàêàíîâ

ÌÀÌÀÐÄÀØÂÈËÈ Ìåðàá (1930-1990) - ãðóçèíñêèé è ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðàáîòàë â ðåäàêöèÿõ æóðíÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

Das MAN (íåì. man - íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íîå ìåñòîèìåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå, ââåäåííîå â "Áûòèè è ÂðåìÂ.Í. Ñåìåíîâà

ÌÀÍÈÕÅÉÑÒÂÎ - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, îñíîâàííîå íà èäåå ðåëèãèîçíîãî ñèíêðåòèçìà èîíî çàõâàòèëî îãðîìíóþ òåððèòîðèþ îò Êèòàÿ äî Àôðèêè. Âî âðåìåíà èìïåðàòîðà Äèîêëåòèàíà íà÷èíàÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÌÀÍÒÐÀ (ñàíñêð. - ñòèõ, çàêëèíàíèå) - â äðåâíåèíäèéñêîé ðåëèãèîçíîé òðàäèöèè ìàãè÷åñêàÿ âåÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÍÕÅÉÌ (Mannheim) Êàðë (1893-1947) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Ó÷èëñÿ â óíèâåðñèòåòàõ Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÀÐÁÓÐÃÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ ÍÅÎÊÀÍÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÀ - íàïðàâëåíèå â ðóñëå íåîêàíòèàíñòâà, ïðåäïðèíÿâøåå ïîïûòÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÌÀÐÃÈÍÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. margo - êðàé, ãðàíèöà) - ïîíÿòèå, òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñîöèàëüíÀ. Ð. Ó ñ ìàêîâà

ÌÀÐÈÍÅÒÒÈ (Marinetti) Ôèëèïïî Òîììàçî (1876-1944) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ïîýò è ïèñàòåëü; îñíîâîïîëÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÌÀÐÈÒÅÍ (Maritain) Æàê (1882-1973) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, êðóïíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîòîìèË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé

ÌÀÐÊ ÀÂÐÅËÈÉ ÀÍÒÎÍÈÍ (Markus Aurelius Antoninus) (121-180) - ðèìñêèé êîíñóë (ñ 140), ðèìñêÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÐÊÑ (Marx) Êàðë (1818-1883) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô, ýêîíîìèñò. Èçó÷àë ïðàâî, ôèëîñÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÐÊÑÈÇÌ - èäåéíîå òå÷åíèå âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû 19-20 ââ., òðàäèöèîííî ñâÿçûâàåìîå ñ êîíöåïöèåéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÐÊÑÈÇÌ - ËÅÍÈÍÈÇÌ - ñàìîîáîçíà÷åíèå ïðàâÿùèõ èäåîëîãèé â ñòðàíàõ ñîöèàëèçìà â 20 â. ÏåðâÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÐÊÓÇÅ (Markuse) Ãåðáåðò (1898-1979) - íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèÀ.À, Ãðèöàíîâ, Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÌÀÐÑÅËÜ (Marcel) Ãàáðèýëü Îíîðå (1889-1973) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê êàòîëè÷åË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé

ÌÀÑËÎÓ (Maslow) Àáðàõàì Õàðîëüä (1908-1970) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïðîôåññîð ïñèõîëîãèè,Ë.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷

ÌÀÑÑÎÂÀß ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ñîâðåìåííîé êóëüòóðîëîãèè äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñïåöèÌ .Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÌÀÑÑÎÂÎÅ ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ øàáëîííîãîÌ .Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ - îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ðàçäåëîâ ñîâðåìåííîé ëîãèêè è ìàòåìàòèêè. ÑôîðìèðîÀ.È.Ëîéêî

ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. materialis - âåùåñòâåííûé) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ìèðîïîíèìàíèå, ìèðîâîççðåíèå, àãåð è äð.). Îïðåäåëåííûé äîïîëíèòåëüíûé èìïóëüñ ýâîëþöèè øêîë Ì. â 30-40-õ 20 â. ïðèäàëè òåîðåÀ.Ë. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÎ ÌÈÐÀ - áàçèñíûé ïðèíöèï ìàòåðèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî ìîíèçìà, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â íÃ.Â. Áåëÿåâ

ÌÀÒÅÐÈß (ëàò. materia - âåùåñòâî) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, êîòîðàÿ â ìàòåðèàëèñòè÷åñêîé òðÀ.Â. Áîðêîâñêàÿ

MAX (Mach) Ýðíñò (1838-1916) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèçèê è ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé ýìïèðèîêðèòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÌÅÁÈÓÑ (Mobius) Ïàóëü (1853-1907) - íåìåöêèé íåâðîïàòîëîã, êëèíèöèñò. Ñîçäàòåëü è àâòîð ñåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÌÅÃÀÌÀØÈÍÀ - ïîíÿòèå, óïîòðåáëÿåìîå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ îáåçëè÷åííîé, òåõíîêðàòè÷åñêè îïòèìèçèÅÌ. Áàáàåâå

ÌÅÃÀÐÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - ñì. ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ ÌÅÃÐÅËÈÄÇÅ Êèòà (1900-1944) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîôÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÅÄÈÒÀÖÈß (ëàò. meditatio - ðàçìûøëÿòü, îáäóìûâàòü, èíä. àíàëîã - äõèàíà, êèò. - öèíü ëó -èõ êîíöåíòðàöèè è ñîñðåäîòî÷åíèÿ íà îòäåëüíûõ îáúåêòàõ, ìåäèòàòèâíîãî óìîçðåíèÿ è ñîçåðöàíèÿ. Ë,Â. Êðèâèöêèé

ÌÅÉÅÐ Àëåêñàíäð Àëåêñíäðîâè÷ (1875-1939) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è êóëüòóðîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â ëþòåðàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÅÍÜ Àëåêñàíäð Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ (èçäàíèÿ ñîâåòñêîãî ïåðèîäà âûõîäèëè ïîä ïñåâäîíèìîì ÝììàíóèëÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÌÅÐÀ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìàÿ â êîíòåêñòå îòîáðàæåíèÿ âçàèìîñâÿçèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÅÐÅÆÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Äìèòðèé Ñåðãååâè÷ (1865-1941) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü è ïîýò, ôèëîñîô. Ìóæ Ç.Í. ÃèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÅÐËÎ-ÏÎÍÒÈ (Merleau-Ponty) Ìîðèñ (1908-1961) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôåíîìåíÒ.Ì. Òóýîâà

ÌÅÐÒÎÍ (Merton) Ðîáåðò Êèíã (ð. 1910) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïî÷åòíûé ïðîôåññîð ÊîëóìáèéÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî.

ÌÅÒÀÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. meta - ïîñëå, çà, ÷åðåç, íàä è ïñèõîëîãèÿ - íàóêà î ïñèõèêå) - 1)  Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÌÅÒÀÒÅÎÐÈß - òåîðèÿ, àíàëèçèðóþùàÿ ðàçëè÷íûå ñâîéñòâà, ñòðóêòóðó, çàêîíîìåðíîñòè, ìåòîäû èëîæåíèé, âûñòóïàþùèõ ñõåìàìè ïîëîæåíèé îáúåêòíîé (ïðåäìåòíîé) òåîðèè. Ì. îáû÷íî ôîðìóëèðóåòñÿ Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, À.È. Øóìàí

ÌÅÒÀÔÈÇÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. meta ta physica - áóêâàëüíî: ïîñëå ôèçèêè) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå î ïåðâè÷À.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ

ÌÅÒÀÔÎÐÀ (ãðå÷. metaphora - ïåðåíåñåíèå) - ïåðåíåñåíèå ñâîéñòâ îäíîãî ïðåäìåòà (ÿâëåíèÿ èëÈ,Ê. Èãíàòüåâà

ÌÅÒÅÌÏÑÈÕÎÇÀ (ãðå÷. metempsihosia - ïåðåîäóøåâëåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå ïîçäíåãðå÷åñêîé òðàäèöèè äëÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÅÒÎÄ (ãðå÷. methodos - ïóòü ê ÷åìó-ëèáî, ïðîñëåæèâàíèå, èññëåäîâàíèå) - ñïîñîá äîñòèæåíèÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÅÒÎÄ ÑÂÎÁÎÄÍÛÕ ÀÑÑÎÖÈÀÖÈÉ (ëàò. associatio - ñîåäèíåíèå, ïðèñîåäèíåíèå) - èññëåäîâàòåëüñêÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÌÅÒÎÄÎËÎÃÈß - ó÷åíèå î ñïîñîáàõ îðãàíèçàöèè è ïîñòðîåíèÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêîé è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé äåÿòÀ. À.Ãðèöèíîâ

ÌÅÕÀÍÈÖÈÇÌ - ñïîñîá îáúÿñíåíèÿ äâèæåíèÿ è âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ èçó÷àåìûõ îáúåêòîâ, èñõîäÿ èç ìåõÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÌÅ×ÍÈÊΠËåâ Èëüè÷ (1838-1888) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ãåîãðàô, ñîöèîëîã, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÌÈÄ (Mead) Äæîðäæ Ãåðáåðò (1863-1931) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïñèõîëîã è ôèëîñîô. Ïðè æèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÈÄ (Mead) Ìàðãàðåò (1901-1978) - àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ïðîôåññîð Íüþ-Éîðêñêîãî, ÉåëüñêÍ.Þ. Øèëî

ÌÈÊÐÎÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. micros - ìàëûé è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - íàïðàâëåíèå ñîâðåìåííîãî ïñèõîàíàëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÌÈËËÅÍÀÐÈÇÌ - ñì. ÕÈËÈÀÇÌ

ÌÈËËÑ (Mills) ×àðëüç Ðàéò (1916-1962) àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã è ïóáëèöèñò. Îäèí èç èäåîëîãîâÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÈËËÜ (Mill) Äæîí Ñòþàðò (1806-1873) - îñíîâàòåëü àíãëèéñêîãî ïîçèòèâèçìà, ýêîíîìèñò, ýòèêÀ. Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî

ÌÈËÞÊΠÏàâåë Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1859-1943) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, èñòîðèê, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÏðÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÈÐÎÂÎÇÇÐÅÍÈÅ - ñèñòåìà âçãëÿäîâ íà ìèð è ìåñòî ÷åëîâåêà â ýòîì ìèðå, âî ìíîãîì îïðåäåëÿþùÈ.È. Æáàíêîâà

ÌÈÑÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. mistikos - òàèíñòâåííûé) - ñàêðàëüíàÿ ðåëèãèîçíàÿ ïðàêòèêà, íàïðàâëåííàÿ íàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÌÈÒÈÍ Ìàðê Áîðèñîâè÷ (1901-1987) - ñîâåòñêèé áîëüøåâèñòñêèé èäåîëîã è îðãàíèçàòîð ãîñóäàðñ

À .À. Ã ðèöèíîâ

ÌÈÔ - ôîðìà öåëîñòíîãî ìàññîâîãî ïåðåæèâàíèÿ è èñòîëêîâàíèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè ïðè ïîìîùè ÷óÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - íàó÷íîå íàïðàâëåíèå â ôîëüêëîðèñòèêå è ëèòåðàòóðîâåäåíèè 19 â., âîçÒ.Í. Òàðàñîâà

ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. myphos - ñêàçàíèå è logos - ðàññêàç) - òèï ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ êóëüòóðíûõ ïðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÌÈÕÀÉËÎÂÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1842-1904) - ðóññêèé ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ëÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ

ÌÎÄÀ (ëàò. modus - ìåðà, ïðàâèëî, îáðàç) - îáû÷íî íåïðîäîëæèòåëüíîå ãîñïîäñòâî îïðåäåëåííîÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÌÎÄÅËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - ïðîöåññ èññëåäîâàíèÿ îáúåêòîâ íà èõ ìîäåëÿõ. Íåîáõîäèìî ðàçëè÷àòü ðåøåíèå Ä.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÌÎÄÅËÜ (ëàò. modulus - ìåðà, îáðàçåö) - îáúåêò-çàìåñòèòåëü, êîòîðûé â îïðåäåëåííûõ óñëîâèÿÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ êîíöåïöèÿ - îäèí èç ñîäåðæàòåëüíûõ àñïåêòîâ êîíöåïöèè èíäóñòðèàëèçàöèè, à èìåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÌ (ôð. Moderne - íîâåéøèé, ñîâðåìåííûé) - îáùåå íàçâàíèå õóäîæåñòâåííî-ýñòåòè÷åñêîÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÌÎÄÓÑ (ëàò. modus - ìåðà, îáðàç, ñïîñîá) - 1) ôèëîñîôñêèé òåðìèí, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîãî â 17-Ñ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÌÎÍÀÄÀ (ãðå÷. monas - åäèíèöà, åäèíîå) - ïîíÿòèå äîêëàññè÷åñêîé è êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÌÎÍÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. monos - îäèí) - 1) òèï îðãàíèçàöèè ôèëîñîôñêîãî çíàíèÿ, îïðåäåëÿþùèéñÿ íàëè÷Â.Í. Ðåòóíñêèé

ÌÎÍÎÒÅÈÇÌ - ñì. ÏÎËÈÒÅÈÇÌ è ÌÎÍÎÒÅÈÇÌ, ÒÅÈÇÌ, ÁÎÃ

ÌÎÍÒÅÑÊÜÅ (Montesquieu) Øàðëü Ëóè, Øàðëü äå Ñå-êîíäà, áàðîí äå Ëà Áðåä è äå Ìîíòåñêüå (168À. À. Ãðèöèíîâ

MOP (More) Òîìàñ (1478-1535, êàçíåí ïî ïîâåëåíèþ Ãåíðèõà VIII) - àíãëèéñêèé þðèñò è ôèëîñîÀ. À, à ðèöèíîâ

ÌÎÐÀËÜ (íðàâñòâåííîñòü) (ëàò. Moralis - íðàâñòâåííûé, mores - íðàâû) - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé òèï ðÑ.Ä. Ëàïòåíîê

ÌÎÐÃÀÍ (Morgan) Ëüþèñ Ãåíðè (1818-1889) - àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, îäèí íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíûõÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÌÎÐÅÍÎ (Moreno) Äæåêîá (1892-1974) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã è ïñèõèàòðÂ.È. Îå÷àðåíêî

ÌÎÐÐÈÑ (Morris) ×àðëüç (1901-1979) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (×èêàãñêèé óíèÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÎÑÊÎÂÈ×È (Moscovici) Ñåðæ (ð. 1925) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõîëîã è ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç àâòîðîâ òåÄ.Ì. Áóëû÷êî

ÌÎÑÑ (Mauss) Ìàðñåëü (1872-1950) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è àíòðîïîëîã. Ïîëó÷èë ôèëîñîôñêîå Í.Þ. Øèëî

ÌÎÒÈÂ (ëàò. movere - ïîáóæäàòü, ïðèâîäèòü â äâèæåíèå) - îäíî èç ïîíÿòèé, îïèñûâàþùèõ ñôåðóÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÌÎÒÈÂÀÖÈß - àêòèâíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïñèõèêè, ïîáóæäàþùèå ÷åëîâåêà ñîâåðøàòü îïðåäåëåííûå âèäû äÑ. À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÌÓÆÈËÎÂÑÊÈÉ Àíäðåé (â ìîíàøåñòâå Àíòîíèé) (1580-å -1640-å) - áåëîðóññêèé àíòèóíèàòñêèé öåðÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÓÍÜÅ (Mounier) Ýììàíóýëü (1905-1950) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ó÷àñòíèê äâèæåíèÿ ÑîïðîòèâëåíÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÓÐ (Moore) Äæîðäæ Ýäóàðä (1873-1958) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåîðåàëèçìà. ÏðåÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÌÛÑËÅÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - êîìïëåêñ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûõ è êîììóíèêàòèâíûõ ïðîöåññîâ, âêëþ÷åííûõ â êîÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ, Â.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÌÛÑËÅÍÍÛÉ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒ - îñîáàÿ òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà, çàêëþ÷àþùàÿñÿ â ïîëó÷åíèè íîâîãî èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÌÛØËÅÍÈÅ - êàòåãîðèÿ, îáîçíà÷àþùàÿ ïðîöåññóàëü-íîñòü ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ñîçíàíèÿ (ïîçíàâàòåëÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÌÝÌÔÎÐÄ (Mumford) Ëüþèñ (1895-1990) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü íåãàòÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÍÀÁËÞÄÅÍÈÅ - ìåòîä íàó÷íîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ, çàêëþ÷àþùèéñÿ â àêòèâíîì, ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîì, öåëåíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÍÀÃÀÐÄÆÓÍÀ (2 â. í.ý.) - èíäèéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê áóääèéñêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé øêîëû Â.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÍÀÄÅÆÄÀ - (1) - ýìîöèîíàëüíîå ïåðåæèâàíèå, âîçíèêàþùåå ïðè íàïðÿæåííîì îæèäàíèè ñóáúåêòîì Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÍÀÐÁÓÒ Êàçèìèð (1738-1807) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýêëåêòè÷åñêîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ôèëîñîôèè ýïîõè ÏðÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÍÀÐÊÎAHAËÈÇ (ãðå÷. narke - îöåïåíåíèå è ãðå÷. analysis - ðàçëîæåíèå, ðàñ÷ëåíåíèå) - òåðàïåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÍÀÐÐÀÒÈÂ (àíãë. è ôð. narrative - ðàññêàç, ïîâåñòâîâàíèå) - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè ïîñòìîäåðíà,Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÍÀÐÖÈÑÑÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. Narciss - Íàðöèññ, Íàðêèññ) - â íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîì çíà÷åíèè - ñàìÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÍÀÑÈËÈÅ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÍÀÑÈËÈÅ ÍÀÒÎÐÏ (Natorp) Ïàóëü (1854-1924) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÍÀÓÊÀ - îñîáûé âèä ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, íàïðàâëåííîé íà âûðàáîòêó îáúåêòèâíûõ, ñèñ© B.C. Ñòåïèí

ÍÀÓ×ÍÀß ÊÀÐÒÈÍÀ ÌÈÐÀ - îñîáàÿ ôîðìà òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî çíàíèÿ, ðåïðåçåíòèðóþùàÿ ïðåäìåò èññëåäË.Ô. Êóçíåöîâà

ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ - ñïåöèôè÷åñêîå ñîñòîÿíèå ñîçíàíèÿ ýòíîñà è ñîöèàëüíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèõ îðèåíòàöÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÍÀÖÈß (ëàò. natio - ïëåìÿ, íàðîä) - ïîëèñåìàíòè÷íîå ïîíÿòèå, ïðèìåíÿåìîå äëÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêèäåÿìè Ìàê-Ëþýíà). Âìåñòå ñ òåì Ñìèò ("Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå íàöèé", 1989), íàïðîòèâ, ïîä÷åðêèâàåò, ÷òÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÍÅÂÐÎÇÛ - (1) ãðóïïà ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ ïñèõîãåííûõ íåðâíî-ïñèõè÷åñêèõ ðàññòðîéñòâ, âîçíèêàþÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

HEÉPAT (Neurath) Îòòî (1882-1945) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã è ýêîíîìèñò. Áûë îäíèì èÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÍÅÌÅÖÊÀß ÊËÀÑÑÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - îïðåäåëåííûé ïåðèîä â ðàçâèòèè íåìåöêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé ìûñëÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÍÅÍÀÑÈËÈß ôèëîñîôèÿ è ýòèêà - êóëüòóðíî-ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêàÿ ïàðàäèãìà îïïîçèöèè íàñèëèþ â ëþÅ.È. ßí÷óê

ÍÅÎÁÕÎÄÈÌÎÑÒÜ È ÑËÓ×ÀÉÍÎÑÒÜ - êàòåãîðèàëüíàÿ îïïîçèöèÿ òðàäèöèîííîé ôèëîñîôèè, â ñîäåðæàíèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÍÅÎÊÀÍÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ - ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå â Ãåðìàíèè, ðàçâèâàâøåå ó÷åíèå Êàíòà â äóõå ïîñëåäîâàÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÍÅÎÌÀÐÊÑÈÇÌ - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå: à) â óçêîì ñìûñëå - äëÿ ôèêñàöèè è ñîäåðæàòåëüíîé õàðÀ. À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÍÅÎÏËÀÒÎÍÈÇÌ - ôèëîñîôñêî-ìèñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå àíòè÷íîé ìûñëè 3-6 ââ., ñîåäèíÿþùåå âîñòÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÍÅÎÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ - ñì. ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ

ÍÅÎÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. neos - íîâûé è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - 1) Ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííîå íÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÍÅÎÒÎÌÈÇÌ - ñîâðåìåííàÿ âåðñèÿ (ñîáñòâåííî íîâåéøèé - òðåòèé - ïåðèîä ðàçâèòèÿ) òîìèçìà, íÀ.Â. Âàñèí,, Ñ.Ë. Ëåïèí

ÍÅÏÎÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ - 1) îïðåäåëåííîãî ðîäà çíàíèå, ïîëó÷åííîå â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðÿìîãî êîíòàêòíîÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà.

"ÍÅ-ß" - ïðîòèâîïîëàãàåìûé "ÿ" îäèí èç ÷ëåíîâ âòîðîãî îñíîâîïîëîæåíèÿ íàóêîó÷åíèÿ Ôèõòå, ãÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÍÈÊÎËÀÉ ÊÓÇÀÍÑÊÈÉ (Nicolaus Cusanus) (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Íèêîëàé Êðåáñ (Krebs)) (1401-1464) -òàòîâ, ïîñâÿùåííûõ ïðîáëåìå êâàäðàòóðû êðóãà, óòî÷íåíèþ ÷èñëà Ë è äð. Ïðè òðàäèöèîíàëèçìå ôèëîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÍÈÐÂÀÍÀ - ñì. ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÍÈÐÂÀÍÛ

ÍÈÖØÅ (Nietzsche) Ôðèäðèõ (1844-1900) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü, êîòîðûé äàë ïðîëîã ê íîâîé êóëÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÍÎÂÀËÈÑ (Novalis) (íàñòîÿùèå èìÿ è ôàìèëèÿ - Ôðèäðèõ ôîí Õàðäåíáåðã (von Haardcnbcrg) (177È. Ê. Èãíàòüåâà

ÍÎÂÃÎÐÎÄÖÅ Ïàâåë Èâàíîâè÷ (1866-1924) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä. Îêîí÷èë þðèäÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÍÎÂÎÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ - êîìïëåêñíûé, çàâåðøåííûé, öåëåíàïðàâëåííûé ïðîöåññ ñîçäàíèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÅ.Å. Êó÷êî

ÍÎÌÈÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. nomina - èìåíà, nominalis - îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê íàçâàíèÿì) - (1) - â óçêîì ñìûñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÍÎÌÎÒÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ - ñì. ÂÈÍÄÅËÜÁÀÍÄ, ÈÑÒÎÐÈÖÈÇÌ

ÍÎÎÑÔÅÐÀ (ãðå÷. nous - ðàçóì, sphaira - øàð) - ñôåðà âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ïðèðîäû è îáùåñòâà. ÒåÀ.Â. Áîðêîâñêàÿ

ÍÎÐÌÀ (ëàò. norma - ðóêîâîäÿùåå íà÷àëî, ïðàâèëî, îáðàçåö) - 1) ñðåäíÿÿ âåëè÷èíà, õàðàêòåðèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÍÎÑÒÀËÜÃÈß (ëàò. nostalgie - òîñêà ïî ðîäèíå, ïî ïðîøëîìó) - êîìïëåêñ óñòîé÷èâûõ äîëãîâðåìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, À.È. Ìåðöàëîâà

ÍÎÑÒÀËÜÃÈß, íîñòàëüãè÷åñêîå (ãðå÷. nostos - âîçâðàùåíèå è algos - áîëü) - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÍÎÓÌÅÍ - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðîå áûëî ââåäåíî â íåîïëàòîíèçìå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ìèðà óìÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷

ÍÎÝÇÈÑ è ÍÎÝÌÀ (ãðå÷. noesis - ìûøëåíèå, noema - àêò ìûøëåíèÿ) - ïîíÿòèÿ, ôèêñèðóþùèå ìîäóÎ.Í. Øïàðàãà

ÍÓÖÓÁÈÄÇÅ Øàëâà (1888-1969) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, êóëüòóðîëîã. Îêîí÷èë èñòîðèêî-ôèëÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÁÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈÅ - ìûñëèòåëüíûé ïðîöåññ, îñíîâàííûé íà èñïîëüçîâàíèè îïðåäåëåííûõ çíàíèé, íîðì Íàèáîëüøåé ïðèíóäèòåëüíîé ñèëîé îáëàäàåò äåäóêòèâíàÿ äåìîíñòðàöèÿ, ìåíüøåé ïðèíóäèòåëüíîé ñèëîß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷

ÎÁÐÀÇ ÆÈÇÍÈ - ïîíÿòèå îòå÷åñòâåííîé ñîöèîëîãèè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå êîíêðåòíûå ñîöèîêóëüòóðíûåíîé (ïî äîñòàòî÷íî çíà÷èòåëüíîé) àâòîíîìíîñòè îò ìàêðîñî-öèàëüíûõ ñòðóêòóð è â åå âîçäåéñòâèè Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ - ìíîãîçíà÷íîå ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå è ñôåðó ñîöèîêóëüòóðíîé ïðàêòèêè, è îòðàñÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà

ÎÁÙÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå, îïèñûâàþùåå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó ëþäüìè (ñóáúåêò-ñóáúåêòíîå îòíîøåíèå) È.Í. Êðàñàâöåâà, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÄÎÃÎÂÎÐÀ òåîðèÿ - ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, òðàêòóþùàÿ ãðàæäàíñêîå îáÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ ÌÍÅÍÈÅ - â íàèáîëåå îáùåì çíà÷åíèè - ýòî îäîáðåíèå èëè íåîäîáðåíèå ïóáëè÷íî íÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷

ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎ-ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå ìàðêñèñòñîé òåîðèè îáùåñòâà èëè èÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ ÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈß - ìíîãîîáðàçíûå, ïðèñóùèå îáùåñòâó ñâÿçè, óñòàíàâëèâàþùèåñÿ ìåæäó ñÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà

ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, ôèêñèðóþùåå ïðåäìåò ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè: â êà÷åñòâå áàçèñíîé êàòåãîðèÂ.Ã. Èçîõ

ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ ÈÇÎÁÈËÈß - òåðìèí, ïðèìåíÿåìûé êëàññè÷åñêîé íåìàðêñèñòñêîé ñîöèîëîãèåé â 1950-196À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÎÁÙÅ×ÅËÎÂÅ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ - ñèñòåìà àêñèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìàêñèì, ñîäåðæàíèå êîòîðûõ íå ñâÿçàíî Í.Ã. Ñåâîñòüÿíîâà

ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÜ

ÎÁÚÅÊÒ - ñì. ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒ è ÎÁÚÅÊÒ

ÎÁÚßÑÍÅÍÈÅ - ôóíêöèÿ ïîçíàíèÿ, íàóêè, íàó÷íîé òåîðèè, ðåàëèçóåìàÿ ÷åðåç ëîãèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÃÁÎÐÍ (Ogburn) Óèëüÿì (1886-1959) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé ñîöèîëîãèè Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÎÄÈÍÎ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - ñîñòîÿíèå è îùóùåíèå ÷åëîâåêà, íàõîäÿùåãîñÿ â óñëîâèÿõ ðåàëüíîé èëè ìíèìîé êÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÎÊÊÀÇÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. occasio - ñëó÷àé, occasionalis - ñëó÷àéíûé) - íàïðàâëåíèå â çàïàäíî-åâÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÎÊÊÀÌ Óèëüÿì - ñì. ÓÈËÜßÌ ÎÊÊÀÌ

ÎÊÊÀÌÈÇÌ - ñì. ÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ

ÎÍÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. on, ontos - ñóùåå, logos - ó÷åíèå) - ó÷åíèå î áûòèè: â êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñÌ .À. Ìîæåéêî

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÀÖÈß - ïðîöåäóðà óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ñâÿçè êîíöåïòóàëüíîé ñõåìû ñ åå ìåòîäè÷åñêèì èíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. operatio - äåéñòâèå) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè íàóêè, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈÉ - ëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîöåäóðà óêàçàíèÿ ýìïèðè÷åñêèõ (â ïðèíöèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ, äåñêðèïöèÿ (àíãë. description - îïèñàíèå) - 1) - ïðîöåäóðû ôèêñàöèè ñðåäñòâàìè åÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÏÎÑÐÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ - 1) ïðîöåññ âîñïðèÿòèÿ è ïåðåäà÷è èíôîðìàöèè áåç íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé ïîìîùè îðÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà.

ÎÏÐÀÂÄÀÍÈÅ - îäèí èç âèäîâ îáîñíîâàíèÿ íàó÷íîãî çíàíèÿ, îïèðàþùèéñÿ íà èñïîëüçîâàíèå àêñèîß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷

ÎÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ è ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèÿ, îôîðìèâøèåñÿ â èñòîðèêî-ôèëîñîôñêîé òðàäèöèè Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÏÐÎÂÅÐÆÅÍÈÅ - òàêîé âèä îáîñíîâàíèÿ â ëîãèêå è ìåòîäîëîãèè íàóêè, â ïðîöåññå êîòîðîãî óñòß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷

ÎÏÛÒ - 1) ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ öåëîñòíîñòü è óíèâåðñàëüíîñòü ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé äåÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÎÐÃÀÇÌ - êðàòêîâðåìåííûé âûñøèé ýòàï ïðîöåññà ïñè-õî-ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîãî íàñëàæäåíèÿ, âûñòóïàÀ.À. Ãðèöèíîâ

ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß

ÎÐÃÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè, ÿâèâøåå ñîáîé â ñîäåðæàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÎÐÒÅÃÀ-è-ÃÀÑÑÅÒ (Ortega ó Gasset) Xoce (1883-1955) - èñïàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîðñêàÿ äèññåðòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÎÐÒÎÄÎÊÑÈß (ëàò. ortos - ïðàâèëüíûé, doxa - ìíåíèå) - (1) - â òåîëîãèè: ýêâèâàëåíò ïðàâîñëÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÎÐÓÝËË (Orwell) Äæîðäæ (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Ýðèê Àðòóð Áëýð) (1903-1950) - áðèòàíñêèé ïèñàòåëüÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÎÐÔÈÇÌ - òå÷åíèå àíòè÷íîé ìèôîëîãèè â ïîçäíåýïè÷å-ñêîì åå âàðèàíòå, ñâÿçàííîå ñ èìåíàìè Ìó

Â.Â. Ëîáà÷

"ÎÑÅÂÎÅ ÂÐÅÌß" - ôèëîñîôñêî-èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, ââåäåííàÿ ßñïåðñîì êàê ñðåäñòâî îñìûñëÂ.Í. Ôóðñ

ÎÑÈÏΠÍèêîëàé Åâãðàôîâè÷ (1877-1934) - ðîññèéñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

"ÎÑÍÎÂÍÎÉ ÂÎÏÐÎÑ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ" - ìàðêñèñòñêàÿ èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé ïðîáëåìàòèêè, ôóíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÎÑÒÂÀËÜÄ (Ostvald) Âèëüãåëüì (1853-1932) - íåìåöêèé ôèçèêîõèìèê è ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç ñîçäàòåÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÎÒÊËÎÍßÞÙÅÅÑß (ÄÅÂÈÀÍÒÍÎÅ) ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ - (ëàò. deviatio - îòêëîíåíèå) - ôîðìà ïðîÿâëåíèÿ îòíÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÎÒÊÐÎÂÅÍÈÅ - öåíòðàëüíîå ïîíÿòèå òåèñòè÷åñêîé ìèñòèêè, âûðàæàþùåå àêò íåïîñðåäñòâåííîãî âîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÎÒÊÐÛÒÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, àêòèâíî èñïîëüçîâàâøååñÿ Ïîïïåðîì â êíèãå "Îòêðûòîå îáùåñòâî À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÎÒÐÀÆÅÍÈÅ - êàòåãîðèÿ ãíîñåîëîãèè, âûñòóïàþùàÿ â êà÷åñòâå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé äëÿ ìàòåðèàëèñòèÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÎÒ×ÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ îáùåñòâåííîãî ïðîöåññà, â ãðàíèöàõ êîòîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÎÖÅÍÊÀ - ñïîñîá óñòàíîâëåíèÿ çíà÷èìîñòè ÷åãî-ëèáî äëÿ äåéñòâóþùåãî è ïîçíàþùåãî ñóáúåêòà. Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÎÙÓÙÅÍÈÅ - ïðîñòåéøèé àíàëèòèêî-ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé àêò ñåíñîðíîãî ïîçíàíèÿ. Î. âîçíèêàåò â ðåçóÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê

Ïàâåë (Paulus) Àïîñòîë (ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîå èìÿ Ñàâë èëè Ñàóë) (óì. 66/67) - õðèñòèàíñêèé ïðîïîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÀÂËÎÂ Èâàí Ïåòðîâè÷ (1849-1936) - ðóññêèé ôèçèîëîã, àêàäåìèê (1907). Ëàóðåàò Íîáåëåâñêîé Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÏÀÍÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. pan - âñå è theos - Áîã) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó Áîã è ïðèÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÏÀÐÀÄÈÃÌÀ (ãðå÷. paradeigma - ïðèìåð, îáðàçåö) - 1) ïîíÿòèå àíòè÷íîé è ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ôèëîñ

Å.Â. Õîìè÷

ÏÀÐÀÍÀÓ×ÍÎÅ ÇÍÀÍÈÅ - ôîðìû ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, âîçíèêàþùèå êàê àëüòåðíàòèâà èëè äÌ.Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÏÀÐÀÖÅËÜÑ (ëàò. Paracelsus - "áîëåå âåëèêèé, íåæåëè Öåëüñ") Àóðåîë Òåîôðàñò, íàñòîÿùåå èìÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÀÐÅÉÑÎÍ (Pareyson) Ëóèäæè (1918-1991) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Àêàäåìèê, ÷ëåí ÌåæäóíàðîäíîãÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÀÐÅÒÎ (Pareto) Âèëüôðåäî (1848-1923) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîöèîëîã è ýêîíîìèñò, âíåñøÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê

ÏÀÐÌÅÍÈÄ Ýëåéñêèé (âòîðàÿ ïîëîâèíà 6 - íà÷àëî 5 â. äî í.ý.) - îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ýëåéñêîé øêîëÂ.Í. Ôóðñ

ÏÀÐÑÎÍÑ (Parsons) Òîëêîòò (1902-1979) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã. Îñíîâàòåëü øêîëû ñòðóêòóðíîìà â îòëè÷èå îò ëèíèè ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ñòðóêòóðàëèçìà Ìåðòîíà, ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ Äæ. Òåðíåðà). Íà Å.À. Óãðèíîâè÷

ÏÀÑÊÀËÜ (Pascal) Áëåñ (1623-1662) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ìèñòèê è ìàòåìàòèê, îñíîâîïîëîæíèêÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà

ÏÀÒÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ (ëàò. patres - îòöû) - íàïðàâëåíèå ôè-ëîñîôñêî-òåîëîãè÷åñêîé ìûñëè 2-8 ââ., ñâÿÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏÅÄÀÃÎÃÈÊÀ - íàóêà, îáúåêòîì èçó÷åíèÿ êîòîðîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáðàçîâàíèå êàê îñîáàÿ îáëàñòü ñîöèÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà

ÏÅÉÍ (Paine) Òîìàñ (1737-1809) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü àÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÏÅÐÅÍÅÑÅÍÈÅ, ïåðåíîñ - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàò ñïîíòàííîãî îòíîøåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà êÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÅÐÈÏÀÒÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ (ËÈÊÅÉ, ÏÅÐÈÏÀÒÎÑ) (ãðå÷. peripatoi - êðûòàÿ ãàëåðåÿ) - ïî íàçâàíèþÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÅÐÑÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. persona - ëè÷íîñòü) - êîíöåïöèÿ ÷åëîâåêà â ñîâðåìåííîé õðèñòèàíñêîé ôèëîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏÅÒÐ ÀÁÅËßÐ (Abelard, Abailard) (1079-1142) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã, ïðè æèçíè ïîëóÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÏÅÒÐ ÄÀÌÈÀÍÈ (Damiani) (1007-1072) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ñõîëàñò, åïèñêîï â Îñòèè, êÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÅÒÐ èç Ãîíåíäçà (Ïåòð Ãåçêà, Ãîíåçèé) (ìåæäó 1525 è 1530-1573) - òåîëîã, ïèñàòåëü, èäåîëîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÅÒÐÀÆÈÖÊÈÉ Ëåâ Èîñèôîâè÷ (1867-1931) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä, ôèëîñîô. Çàêîí÷èë þðèäÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÅÒÐΠÌèõàèë Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1924-1987) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, òåîðåòèê íàóêè, êóëüòóðîëîã, èÄ.Ì. Âóëûíêî, Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÏÈÀÆÅ (Piaget) Æàí (1896-1980) - øâåéöàðñêèé ó÷åíûé, îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ïñèõîëîãîâ 20 â. ÑîçäÃ.Ì. Êó÷èíñêèé

ÏÈÅÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. pietas - áëàãî÷åñòèå) - ìèñòè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå â îðòîäîêñàëüíîì ëþòåðàíñòâå, ïîÿÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí

ÏÈÊÎ ÄÅËËÀ ÌÈÐÀÍÄÎËÀ Äæîâàííè - ñì. ÔËÎÐÅÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÅ ÏËÀÒÎÍÈÊÈ

ÏÈÐÑ(Ðåirñå) ×àðëüç Ñàíäåðñ (1839-1914) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, ìàòåìàòèê, "îòåö íàèëè ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ, íå çàâèñèìîãî íè îò ÷åãî äðóãîãî, ÷èñòîå ïðèñóòñòâèå ôåíîìåíà", ñâîáîäíîå îÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÈÑÀÐÅ Äìèòðèé Èâàíîâè÷ (1840-1868) - ðóññêèé ïóáëèöèñò è ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê, ïîïóëÿðèçàÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÏÈÔÀÃÎÐ Ñàìîññêèé (îê. 570 - îê. 500 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, ðåëèãèîçíûé è ïîëÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÏÈÔÀÃÎÐÅÈÇÌ - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêàÿ ôèëîñîôñêàÿ øêîëà, êîòîðàÿ ñóùåñòâîâàëà â 6-4 ââ. äî í.ý., èäóàëüíîì áåññìåðòèè è ïåðåñåëåíèè äóø (ìåòåìïñèõîçå).  äàëüíåéøåì, èäåè Ï. ïîëó÷èëè ðàñïðîñòðÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÏËÀÒÎÍ (Plato) (428/427-348/347 äî í.ý.) -äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, êëàññèê ôèëîñîôñêîé òðàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏËÅÑÍÅÐ (Plessner) Õåëüìóò (1892-1985) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç ðîäîíà÷àëüíèêîâ ôèëîñîôÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÏËÅÒÎÍ - ñì. ÔËÎÐÅÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÅ ÏËÀÒÎÍÈÊÈ

ÏËÅÕÀÍΠÃåîðãèé Âàëåíòèíîâè÷ (1857-1918) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ñîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏËÎÒÈÍ (Plotinos) (204/205-269) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü íåîïëàòîíèçìà. ÐîäèëÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÏËÞÐÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. pluralis - ìíîæåñòâåííûé) - ôè-ëîñîôñêî-ìèðîâîççðåí÷åñêàÿ ïîçèöèÿ, óòâåðæäË.Ñ. Äóäèíñêèé

ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ - ïðèñóùåå æèâûì ñóùåñòâàì âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäîé, îïîñðåäîâàííîå èõÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÏÎÄÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ (ïîäñîçíàòåëüíîå) - ñîáèðàòåëüíîå ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðûì îáîçíà÷àþò ðàçëè÷íûå íåîñîçÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÎÄÒÂÅÐÆÄÅÍÈÅ - îäèí èç âèäîâ îáîñíîâàíèÿ, ñîñòîÿùèé â âûâåäåíèè ñëåäñòâèé èç íàëè÷íîãî ãèß.Ñ. ßñêåâè÷

ÏÎÄÕÎÄ - êîìïëåêñ ïàðàäèãìàòè÷åñêèõ, ñèíòàãìàòè÷åñêèõ è ïðàãìàòè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóð è ìåõàíèçìÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ (ëàò. positivus - ïîëîæèòåëüíûé) - (1) ïà-ðàäèãìàëüíàÿ ãíîñåî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÏÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - òâîð÷åñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ñóáúåêòà, îðèåíòèðîâàííàÿ íà ïîëó÷åíèå äîñòîâåðíûõ çíàíÅ.Â. Õîìè÷

ÏÎËÀÍÈ (Polanyi) Ìàéêë (1891-1976) -áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ïîñòïîçèòèâèçìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÎËÈÌÎÐÔÍÀß ÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ - ïîíÿòèå Ìàðêó-çå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ôîðìó ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé ñåêñóàëüíîñòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÎËÈÒÅÈÇÌ È ÌÎÍÎÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. poly - ìíîãî, ãàî-nos - îäèí, theos - Áîã) - ðåëèãèîçíîå ó÷åíÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. politika - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå è îáùåñòâåííûå äåëà) - ñôåðà äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ñâÿçäîáð è ñïðàâåäëèâ ê íàðîäó è ïî÷òèòåëåí ê ñòàðøèì. Âàæíîå ìåñòî â åãî ó÷åíèè çàíèìàåò çàêîí îáB.C. Òàðàñîâ

ÏÎËÈÒÖÅÐ (Politzer) Æîðæ (1903-1942) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã. Ðîäèëñÿ â Âåíãðèè. Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÎÌÅÐÀÍÖ Ãðèãîðèé Ñîëîìîíîâè÷ (ð. 1918) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, ïèñàòåëü. Ó÷àñòÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî, Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÏÎÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ - ïðîöåäóðà ïîñòèæåíèÿ èëè ïîðîæäåíèÿ ñìûñëà. Ï. íå âïèñûâàåòñÿ â ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíèíòåðïðåòàöèÿ: îáúÿñíåíèå íà îäíîì óðîâíå çíàíèÿ ïîäãîòàâëèâàåò ïî÷âó äëÿ ïåðåèíòåðïðåòàöèè ôàÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÎÍÈÌÀÞÙÀß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß - â óçêîì ñìûñëå - ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ Ì. Âåáåðà, ïðåäïîëîæèâøÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ - ôîðìà ìûñëè, îáîáùåííî îòðàæàþùàÿ ïðåäìåòû è ÿâëåíèÿ ïîñðåäñòâîì ôèêñàöèè èõ ñóùÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ÏÎÏÏÅÐ (Popper) Êàðë Ðàéìóíä (1902-1994) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê è ñîöèîëîã. Äî 1937 ðíèêàþò êàê ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ ðåàêöèÿ íà òîò èëè èíîé âèä óãíåòåíèÿ: äîêòðèíà èçáðàííîñòè åâðåéñêîãÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ

ÏÎÑÒÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ðàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏÎÑÒÌÎÄÅÐÍÈÇÌ - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå â ñîâðåìåííîé êóëüòóðîëîãèè äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñïåöèôè÷Ì.Ð. Æáàíêîâ

ÏÎÑÒÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ - ñì. ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÈÇÌ ÏÎÑÒÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀËÈÇÌ - ñîâîêóïíîå îáîçíà÷åíèå ðÿäà ïîäõîäîâ âÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÏÎÑÒÓËÀÒ (ëàò. postulatum - òðåáîâàíèå) - ïðèíöèï, ïîëîæåíèå, êîòîðûé ñëóæèò îñíîâàíèåì äëÂ.Í. Ðåòóíñêèé

ÏÎÑÒÔÐÅÉÄÈÇÌ (àíãë. post - ïîñëå è ôðåéäèçì) - ñîáèðàòåëüíîå ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÎÒÅÁÍß Àëåêñàíäð Àôàíàñüåâè÷ (1835-1891) - óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ëèíãâèñò, ôèëîñîô è êóëüòàâòîðñêèé, è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, äî íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè íåïîâòîðèìî-íåïîíÿòíûé.  ñâîåé ëèíãâèñòè÷åñÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÏÎÒÅÉ Èïàòèé (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Àäàì Ëüâîâè÷) (1541-1613) - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé è öåðêîâíûé äåÿòåëüÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÐÀÂÎ - ìíîãîàñïåêòíîå ïîíÿòèå ãóìàíèòàðíûõ äèñöèïëèí. Êàíò îïðåäåëÿë Ï. êàê ñîâîêóïíîñòü Ã.À. Âàñèëåâè÷

ÏÐÀÂÎÑËÀÂÈÅ - ñëàâÿíñêèé ýêâèâàëåíò îðòîäîêñèè (ãðå÷. ortodoxia - ïðàâèëüíîå çíàíèå). ÒåðìÑ.Ë. Ëåíèí

ÏÐÀÃÌÀÒÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. pragma - äåëî, äåéñòâèå) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ó÷åíèå, ðàññìàòðèâàþùåå äåéñòâèå,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÐÀÊÑÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. praxis - äåéñòâèå) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè, èìåþùàÿ â íàñ

Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÐÀÊÒÈÊÀ - êàòåãîðèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü îòíåñåíà êî âñåé ñôåðå ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè Â.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÏÐÅÄÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈÅ - 1) - Ôîðìà èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî ÷óâñòâåííîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, èìåþùàÿ ñâîèì ðåçóëüòàòîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏÐÈÁÀÂÎ×ÍÀß ÐÅÏÐÅÑÑÈß (äîïîëíèòåëüíîå ïîäàâëåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå Ìàðêóçå, êîòîðûì îí îáîçíà÷àë Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÃÎÆÈÍ (Prigogine) Èëüÿ Ðîìàíîâè÷ (ð. 1917) - áåëüãèéñêèé ôèçèê è ôèëîñîô ðóññêîãî ïðîèñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ê.Í. Ìåçÿíàÿ

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ (ëàò. principum - íà÷àëî, îñíîâà, ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, ïåðâîïðè÷èíà) - îñíîâàíèå íåêîòîðÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÍÈÐÂÀÍÛ (ñàíñêðèò, íèðâàíà - óñïîêîåíèå, óãàñàíèå: îïèñàííîå â äðåâíåèíäèéñêîé ðåëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÏÎÑÒÎßÍÑÒÂÀ (ëàò. principium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî) - ïî Ôðåéäó, îäèí èç ïðèíöèïîâ ðåãóÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ - ïî Ìàðêóçå, îäíà èç èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ôîðì ïðèíöèïà ðåàëüíîñòè, ïðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÐÅÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ (ëàò. principium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî è ëàò. realis - âåùåñòâåííûé) - ïî ÔðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÓÄÎÂÎËÜÑÒÂÈß (ëàò. principium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî) - ïî Ôðåéäó, ãîñïîäñòâóþùèé ïðèíöèïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÛ ÏÑÈÕÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÆÈÇÍÈ (ëàò. prmcipium - îñíîâà, íà÷àëî) - îñíîâàíèÿ, ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÐÈÐÎÄÀ - â ïðåäåëüíî øèðîêîì ñìûñëå - "âåëèêîå öåëîå" (Ãîëüáàõ), ò.å. âñå ñóùåå, âåñü Ìèð ãëàñíî ñîâðåìåííîé ëîãèêå, îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîäîáíûõ ñèñòåì íå îòâå÷àþò âûñîêèì ñòàíäàðòàì òî÷íîñòèÀ.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ

ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÀ è ÑËÅÄÑÒÂÈÅ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, ôèêñèðóþùèå ãåíåòè÷åñêóþ ñâÿçü ìåæäó ÿâëåíèÿìÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀ (ãðå÷. problema - ïðåãðàäà, òðóäíîñòü, çàäà÷à) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå - ñëîæíûé òåîðåÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀÒÈÇÀÖÈß - ôîðìû è ìåòîäû ïîñòàíîâêè è óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ïðîáëåì â ìûøëåíèè. Ï. îïðåäåëÿÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÏÐÎÂÈÄÅÍÈÅ - ñì. ÏÐÎÂÈÄÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ ÏÐÎÂÈÄÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. providentio - ïðåäâèæó) - ñïåöèôè÷åÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇ - âåðîÿòíîñòíîå ñóæäåíèå î ñîñòîÿíèè êàêîãî-ëèáî ÿâëåíèÿ â áóäóùåì, îñíîâàííîå íà Ì.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ÏÐÎÃÍÎÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - â óçêîì çíà÷åíèè - ñïåöèàëüíîå íàó÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå ïåðñïåêòèâ ðàçâèòèÿ êÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÀ (ãðå÷. programme - îáúÿâëåíèå, ïðåäïèñàíèå) - ñïîñîá ïîøàãîâîé (ïîýòàïíîé) îðãàíÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - îñîáàÿ ôîðìà îðãàíèçàöèè ïðîáëåìíîãî ìûøëåíèÿ è äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ïðåäïîëàãÑ.Á. Ñàâåëîâà

ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ - ðàçíîâèäíîñòü øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîé â çàïàäíûõ ñòðàíàõ òåîðÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ - òèï, íàïðàâëåíèå ðàçâèòèÿ, õàðàêòåðèçóþùååñÿ ïåðåõîäîì îò íèçøåãî ê âûñøåìó, ê Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÏÐÎÅÊÒ (ëàò. projectus - âûñòóïàþùèé âïåðåä) - ïðîòîòèï, ïðîîáðàç ïðåäëàãàåìîãî îáúåêòà. ÐÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà.

ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ - äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî ñîçäàíèþ ïðîåêòîâ. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ, ìîæíî ñêàÑÁ. Ñàâåëîâà

ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ - îäíî èç îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèõ è ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ íàóê, îòðàæàþùåå àÀ.È. Ëîéêî

ÏÐÎÊË, ïî ïðîçâàíèþ Äèàäîõ, ò.å. "ïðååìíèê" (410-485) - ãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô-íåîïëàòîíèê. ÐîäÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÏÐÎËÅÃÎÌÅÍÛ (ãðå÷. prolegomena - ãîâîðèòü íàïåðåä) - â çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîéÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÐÎÏÅÄÅÂÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. propaideio - ïðåäâàðÿþ) - ñîêðàùåííîå èçëîæåíèå êàêîé-ëèáî íàóêè â ñèñÀ.Í.Øóìàí

ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈÅ - ïîä Ï. ïðèíÿòî ïîíèìàòü êóëüòóðíî-èäåîëîãè÷åñêîå è ôèëîñîôñêîå äâèæåíèå îáùåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÎ è ÂÐÅÌß - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðûõ îáîçíà÷àþòñÿ ôîðìû áûòèÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÐÎÒÀÃÎÐ (480-410 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ï. - èçâåñòíåéøèé èç ñîôèñòîâ (íàçûâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÏÐÎÒÅÑÒÀÍÒÈÇÌ (ëàò. protestans - ïðîòåñòóþùèé) - 1) Àíòèêàòîëè÷åñêîå äâèæåíèå ïåðèîäà Ðåôîëîâåê. Íàèáîëüøåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå Ï. ïîëó÷èë â ÑØÀ, ÔÐÃ, Ñêàíäèíàâñêèõ ñòðàíàõ, ÂåëèêîáðèòàíèèÀ.Â. Âàñèí

ÏÐÎÒÅÑÒÀÍÒÑÊÀß ÝÒÈÊÀ - ñèñòåìà íîðì è öåííîñòåé, à òàêæå ïàðàäèãìà ïðèîðèòåòíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿäàí ëèøü ýòîé èñêóïèòåëüíîé æåðòâîé ("è îïðàâäàííûé, è ãðåøíûé", ïî Ëþòåðó), è ëè÷íàÿ âåðà â ÑÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎÐÅ×ÈÅ - öåíòðàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äèàëåêòèêè.  ïðèíöèïå äèàëåêòèêà ñâîäèòñÿ ê èçó÷åíèþÂ.Ô. Âåðíîå

ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ - â óçêîì çíà÷åíèè - ðàçðàáîòàííûé Ôðåéäîì êîìïëåêñ ïñèõîäèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ è ïñèÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÃÅÐÌÅÍÅÂÒÈÊÀ - îäíî èç ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ òå÷åíèé ñîâðåìÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÑÈÕÎÁÈÎÃÐÀÔÈß (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà è ãðå÷. biogra-phia - æèçíåîïèñàíèå, èñòîðèÿ æèçíè; æè

ÏÑÈÕÎÄÐÀÌÀ (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà è ãðå÷. drama - äåéñòâèå) - ñîçäàííûé Ìîðåíî îäèí èç ïåðâûÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà, logos - ó÷åíèå, íàóêà, ñëîâî) - íàóêà î ïðîèñõîæäåíèè, ðàÈ.Ì. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈß ÌÀÑÑ - îáëàñòü ïñèõîëîãèè, ïðåäìåòîì èññëåäîâàíèé êîòîðîé ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðèðîäà, ñóùÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÑÈÕÎÑÎÌÀÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. psyche - äóøà, äóõ è ãðå÷. soma - òåëî) - ìåæäèñöèïëèíàðíîå íàïðàâëåíàñòìó, ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò, ðåâìàòè÷åñêèé àðòðèò, áîëåçíè êîæè, ñåêñóàëüíûå ðàññòðîéñòâà, íåêîòîðûÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÏÓÐÀÍÜ (ñàíñêð. puranam akhyanam - "äðåâíåå ïðåäàíèå") - ôèëîñîôñêî-ðåëèãèîçíûå ïàìÿòíèêè Â.Â. Ëîáà÷

Ðàâåíñòâî - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÐÀÂÅÍÑÒÂÎ

ÐÀÄÈÙÅ Àëåêñàíäð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1749-1802) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ðåâîëþöèîííîéáåç òàêîé äóøè âåäàòü ïðîøëîå è áóäóùåå, çà ìãíîâåíèå ïðîáåãàÿ âåêà è ì÷àñü ìûñëüþ ñî ñêîðîñòüÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÐÀÄÊËÈÔ-ÁÐÀÓÍ (Radclif-Brown) Àëüôðåä Ðåäæèíàëüä (1881-1955) - áðèòàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ñîçäÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ - õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êà÷åñòâåííûõ èçìåíåíèé îáúåêòîâ, ïîÿâëåíèÿ íîâûõ ôîðì áûòèÿ, èííÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÐÀÉÕ (Reich) Âèëüãåëüì (1897-1957) - àâñòðî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÐÀÌÀÊÐÈØÍÀ (ìîíàøåñêîå èìÿ, íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Ãà-äàäõàð ×àòòåðäæè) (1836-1886) - èíäèéñêèé ôÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÐÀÍÊ (Rank) Îòòî (1884-1939) - àâñòðî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (1912).Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÐÀÏÏÎÐÒ (ôðàíö. rapport - ñîîáùåíèå, îòíîøåíèå, ñâÿçü) - òèï ñâÿçè è ñâÿçü ìåæäó ëþäüìè, õÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÐÀÑÎÂÎ-ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - ðàçíîâèäíîñòü áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ â ñîöèîëîãèè âòîÅ.À. Êå÷èíà

ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ - ñì. ÎÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ è ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÌÅ×ÈÂÀÍÈÅ

ÐÀÑÑÅË (Russell) Áåðòðàí, ëîðä (1872-1970) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê, ìàòåìàòèê, ñîöèîëîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÐÀÖÈÎÍÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. rationalis - ðàçóìíûé, ratio - ðàçóì) - íàïðàâëåíèå â ãíîñåîëîãèè è ïðàêÀ.È.Ëîéêî

ÐÅÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. realis - äåéñòâèòåëüíûé, âåùåñòâåííûé) - íàïðàâëåíèå ìûñëè, îñíîâàííîå íà ïðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÐÅÂÈÇÈÎÍÈÇÌ (ïîçäíåëàò. revisio - ïåðåñìîòð) - îäíî èç äîìèíèðóþùèõ òå÷åíèé â èäåîëîãèè ðàÐ.Í. Äîæäèêîâà, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÐÅÃÐÅÑÑÈß (ëàò. regressio - äâèæåíèå íàçàä) - 1) â íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîì çíà÷åíèè - ïðíàÿ Ð. (îáóñëîâëåííàÿ ñìåíîé îáðàçíûõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé è ñïîñîáîâ âûðàæåíèÿ íà áîëåå ïðèìèòèâíûå,Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÐÅÄÓÊÖÈÎÍÈÇÌ - ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, êîòîðàÿ çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ñâåäåíèè ñëîæíîãî ê ïðîñòÈ.À.Ìåäâåäåâà

ÐÅÈÍÊÀÐÍÀÖÈß (èíä. "ñàíñàðà", ãðå÷. "ìåòåìïñèõîçà" - ïåðåñåëåíèå äóø, ïåðåâîïëîùåíèå) - îäÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÐÅÉÊ (Reik) Òåîäîð (1888-1969) - àâñòðî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð íàóê. Ó÷åíèê ÔðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÐÅÉÑÍÅÐ Ìèõàèë Àíäðååâè÷ (1868-1928) - ðîññèéñêèé ïðàâîâåä, ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã è èñòîðèê.Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÐÅÊËÀÌÀ - ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ Àìåðèêàíñêîé àññîöèàöèè ìàðêåòèíãà - ëþáàÿ ïëàòíàÿ ôîðìà íåëè÷íîãÀ.Í. Áîáêîâà.

ÐÅËÈÃÈß (ëàò. religio - áëàãî÷åñòèå, íàáîæíîñòü, ñâÿòûíÿ) - ìèðîâîççðåíèå, ìèðîïîíèìàíèå, îñêîðáëåííîãî Áîãà, îñâîáîæäàþùèå îò ãðåõà (õðèñòèàíñòâî); á) èç óáåæäåíèÿ (áåç Áîãà) â ñêîðáíÀ.À. à ðèöèíîâ

ÐÅÐÈÕÈ, ñåìüÿ: Íèêîëàé Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ (1874-1947), Åëåíà Èâàíîâíà (1879-1955) è ñûíîâüÿ: ÞÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÐÅÔËÅÊÑÈß - ïðèíöèï ôèëîñîôñêîãî ìûøëåíèÿ, íàïðàâëåííûé íà îñìûñëåíèå è îáîñíîâàíèå ñîáñòâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÐÈÇÎÌÀ(ôð. rhizome - êîðíåâèùå) - ïîíÿòèå ôèëîñîôèè ïîñòìîäåðíà, ôèêñèðóþùåå ïðèíöèïèàëüíîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÐÈÊÅÐ (Ricoeur) Ïîëü (ð. 1913) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðîôåññîð Ñîðáîííû (Ôðàíöèÿ) è ×èêàãÂ.Â. Ñîôðîíîâ

PÈKKEPT(Rickert) Ãåíðèõ (1863-1936) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, âèäíåéøèé ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Áàäåíñêîé ñêèì àêòîì - ñóæäåíèåì, ñ êîòîðûì, îäíàêî, íå ñîâïàäàåò, äàëåêî âûõîäÿ çà ãðàíèöû íåïîñðåäñòâåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÐÈÑÌÅÍ (Riesman) Äýâèä (ð. 1909) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, þðèñò è ñîöèàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã. ÄîêÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî.

ÐÈÒÓÀË (ëàò. ritualis - îáðÿäîâûé, ritus - òîðæåñòâåííàÿ öåðåìîíèÿ, êóëüòîâûé îáðÿä) - îäíÂ.Í. Ôóðñ

ÐÎÄÆÅÐ ÁÝÊÎÍ (Roger Bacon) (îêîëî 1214-ïîñëå 1294) - ôèëîñîô è åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, ïðåäñòàÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÐÎÄÆÅÐÑ (Rogers) Êàðë Ðýíñîì (1902-1987) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, èçâåñòíûé ïðàêòèê è òåîðÄ.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷

ÐÎÇÀÍΠÂàñèëèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1856-1919) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Íàõîäÿñü â öåíòðå ðàçâèòèÿ îòå÷åÍ.Ý. Áåêóñ, À.Í. Áûêîâñêèé

ÐÎÇÅÍÁÅÐà (Rosenberg) Àëüôðåä (1893-1946) - èäåîëîã è òåîðåòèê íàöèîíàë-ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî

À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÐÎÇÅÍÖÂÅÉà Ôðàíö (1886-1929) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô-äèàëîãèñò. Èçó÷àë ìåäèöèíó, çàòåì èñòîðèþ,ñîôèè äèàëîãà Ð. õàðàêòåðåí ðåøèòåëüíûé ïîâîðîò ê ìåòàôîðèêå ñëîâà.  ðàáîòå "Çâåçäà ÈñêóïëåíèÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà

ÐÎËÜ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÎËÜ ÐÎÌÀÍÒÈÇÌ - ñëîæíîå, âíóòðåííå ïðîòèâîðå÷èâîå äóõîâíÈ.Ì. Íàëèâàéêî

ÐÎÐÒÈ (Rorty) Ðè÷àðä (ð. 1931) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïîñëå 15 ëåò ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ â Ïðèíñòîðàññìîòðåíèå èñòèíû îòäåëüíî îò âëàñòè ðåçóëüòèðóåòñÿ íå â òîì, ÷òî ÿçûê íàóêè ìîã áû îáåñïå÷èÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÐÎÑÒÎÓ (Rostow) Óîëò Óèòìåí (ð. 1916) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ýêîíîìèñò, ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÐÓÁÈÍØÒÅÉÍ Ñåðãåé Ëåîíèäîâè÷ (1889-1960) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã, îäèí èç îðãàíèçàòîðÂ.À. Ïîëèêàðïîâ

ÐÓÑÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - ÷àñòü ìèðîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáëàäàþùàÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûì èñòîðè÷åñêèì, ñîäåðæàÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÐÓÑÑÎ (Rousseau) Æàí-Æàê (1712-1778) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé ìûñëÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÀÂÎÍÀÐÎËÀ (Savonarola) Äæèðîëàìî (1452-1498) - èòàëüÿíñêèé õðèñòèàíñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ðåëèãèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÀÄ (Sade) Äîíàñüåí-Àëüôîíñ-Ôðàíñóà äå (1740-1814) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïèñàòåëü, àâòîð ïîëèòè÷åñåñòü Áîã. Ôèçè÷åñêîå çëî, âðåäÿùåå îäíèì, ñëóæèò äëÿ ñ÷àñòüÿ äðóãèõ. Ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ ÂñåâûøíåãîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÀËËÈÂÀÍ (Sullivan) Ãàððè (1892-1949) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîëîã, àâòîð îðèãèíàëüííèÿ â ïñèõèàòðèè" (1956), "Øèçîôðåíèÿ êàê ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ" (1962), "Ïñèõîïàòîëîãèÿ ëè÷íîñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÀÌÀÐÈÍ Þðèé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1819-1876) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÎêîÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÑÀÌÎÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ (àíãë. self-determination) - ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàò âûáîðà ëè÷íîñòüþ ñâîåé ïîçÑÂ. Ñàâåëîâà

ÑÀÌÎÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - (ñàìî-ñî-çíàíèå) - ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîå îñîçíàíèþ âíåøíåãî ìèðà (îáúåêòà) ïåðåæè© Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÀÌÎÑÒÜ - (1) - ïîíÿòèå òðàäèöèîííîé íàòóðôèëîñîôèè, ôèêñèðóþùåå îïðåäåëåííîñòü îáúåêòà (í

À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÀÌÎÑÓÁËÈÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ � ïî Ìàðêóçå, ïîòåíöèàëüíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñåêñóàëüíîñòè ê ñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÀÍÑÀÐÀ (ñàíñêð. - ïåðåðîæäåíèå, êðóãîâîðîò, áëóæäàíèå, ïðîõîæäåíèå ÷åðåç íå÷òî) - îäíî èçÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÀÍÒÀßÍÀ (Santayana) Äæîðäæ (1863-1952) - îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé àìåðèêàíñêîãî êðèÅ.Î. Ïîïåëúñêàÿ

ÑÀÏÅÃÀ Ëåâ Èâàíîâè÷ (1557-1633) - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé, îáùåñòâåííûé è âîåííûé äåÿòåëü ÂåëèêîãîÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÀÐÁÅÂÑÊÈÉ Ìàòåé Êàçèìèð (1595-1640) - íîâîëàòèíñêèé ïîýò è òåîðåòèê èñêóññòâà. Ðîäèëñÿ â Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÀÐÒÐ (Sartre) Æàí Ïîëü (1905-1980) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, îäèí èç íàèáîëåå çíà÷èñõîäÿùèì ñ áûòèåì. ×åëîâåê ïðîåêòèðóåò ñåáÿ ïîä çíàêîì ñàìîïðè÷èííîñòè êàê öåííîñòè. Ýòî "íåäíû ïåðåæèâàòüñÿ êàê "÷àñòíûå ñèòóàöèè". Ðàñêðûòèå ñèòóàöèè, îñóùåñòâëÿåìîå â ïðàêòèêå, åñòü äëÒ.Ì. Òóçîâà

ÑÀÕÀÐΠÀíäðåé Äìèòðèåâè÷ (1921-1989) - ðîññèéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ó÷åíûé. Îòåö - Äìèòðèé Èâàíî© Å.Ã. Áîííýð

ÑÂÅÄÅÍÁÎÐà (Swedenborg) Ýìàíóýëü (1668-1772) - øâåäñêèé ó÷åíûé-åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü è òåîñîôÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ - óíèâåðñàëèÿ êóëüòóðû ñóáúåêòíîãî ðÿäà, ôèêñèðóþùàÿ âîçìîæíîñòü äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ïîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ ÂÎËÈ - ñïîñîáíîñòü ÷åëîâåêà ê ñàìîîïðåäåëåíèþ â ñâîèõ äåéñòâèÿõ.  êîíòåñòå ðàííåãÀ.Ï. Æäàíîâñêèé

ÑÃÓÙÅÍÈÅ - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà - ïðîöåññ, ìåõàíèçì è ñïîñîá ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ïñèõèêè, îáÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÅÊÑ (ëàò. sexus - ïîë) - êóëüòóðíûé ôåíîìåí âçàèìîîòíîøåíèé ïîëîâ, ôóíäèðîâàííûé áèîëîãè÷©Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÅÊÑÒ ÝÌÏÈÐÈÊ (200-250) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé âðà÷ è ôèëîñîô. Æèë â Àëåêñàíäðèè è Àôèíàõ. ÎñíîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÅÊÑÓÀËÜÍÀß ÐÅÂÎËÞÖÈß (ëàò. sexus - ïîë è ôð. revolution - ïåðåâîðîò) - ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÅËËÀÐÑ (Sellars) Ðîé Âóä (1880-1973) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé êðèòè÷åñÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÅÌÈÎÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. semeion - çíàê) - íàó÷íàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, èçó÷àþùàÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâî, ñòðîåíèå è À.Ð. Óñòàíîâà

ÑÅÌÜ ÌÓÄÐÅÖΠ- â äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé òðàäèöèè ãðóïïà èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ëèö (ãë. îÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÅÌÜß - îñíîâàííîå íà áðàêå èëè êðîâíî-ðîäñòâåííûõ îòíîøåíèÿõ îáúåäèíåíèå ëþäåé, ñâÿçàííîåÑ.Ä. Ëàïòåíîê

ÑÅÍÅÊÀ Ëóöèé Àííåé (Lucius Annaeus Seneka) (îê. 4-65) - äðåâíåðèìñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò è ãîñóÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÑÅÍ-ÑÈÌÎÍ (Sen-Simon) Êëîä-Àíðè äå Ðóâðóà (1760- 1825) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ñîöèîëîã, äèñòà. Þíîøåé ïîñòóïàåò íà âîåííóþ ñëóæáó, ó÷àñòâóåò â âîéíå çà íåçàâèñèìîñòü ñåâåðî-àìåðèêàíñÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî

ÑÅÍÑÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. sensus - ÷óâñòâî, îùóùåíèå) - ãíîñåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ òðàäèöèÿ, ôóíäèðîâàííàÿ òðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÅ×ÅÍΠÈâàí Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1829-1905) - ðóññêèé ôèçèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã. Ïî÷åòíûé ÷ëåí ÏåòåðáóðãÒ.Â. Ñàìóùèê

ÑÈÌÂÎË (ãðå÷. symbolon - çíàê, îïîçíàâàòåëüíàÿ ïðèìåòà; symballo - ñîåäèíÿþ, ñòàëêèâàþ, ñðÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÑÈÌÂÎË ÂÅÐÛ (ñëàâ. ýêâèâàëåíò ëàò. credo) - (1) îôèöèàëüíî çàôèêñèðîâàííàÿ ñèñòåìà îñíîâîïÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÈÌÂÎËÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÈÍÒÅÐÀÊÖÈÎÍÈÇÌ (àíãë. interaction - âçàèìîäåéñòâèå) - òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÈÌÅÎÍ ÏÎËÎÖÊÈÉ (Ñàìóèë Ãàâðèëîâè÷ Ïåòðîâñêèé-Ñèòíèÿíîâè÷) (1629-1680) - áåëîðóññêî-ðóññêèÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÈÌÓËßÊÐ (ôð. simulacres, îò simulation - ñèìóëÿöèÿ) - òåðìèí ôèëîñîôèè ïîñòìîäåðíèçìà äëÿÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÈÍÅÐÃÅÒÈÊÀ - ñîâðåìåííàÿ òåîðèÿ ñàìîîðãàíèçàöèè, íîâîå ìèðîâèäåíèå, ñâÿçûâàåìîå ñ èñëåäîâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ê.Í. Ìåçÿíàÿ

ÑÈÍÒÎÈÇÌ (ÿïîí. "ñèíòî" - ïóòü, ó÷åíèå áîãîâ) - òðàäèöèîííî ñëîæèâøàÿñÿ è íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ (ãðå÷. systema - ñîñòàâëåííîå èç ÷àñòåé, ñîåäèíåííîå) - êàòåãîðèÿ, îáîçíà÷àþùàÿ îáÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

"ÑÊÀÍÄÀË Â ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ" - ïîíÿòèå, ñóùåñòâîâàíèå êîòîðîãî âûçâàíî îñîáûì ñòàòóñîì ôèëîñîôèè À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÊÀÐÃÀ (Ïàâåíñêèé) Ïåòð (1536-1612) - ðåëèãèîçíûé è ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü Ðå÷è Ïîñïîëèòîé, Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÊÅÏÒÈÖÈÇÌ - (1) - àíòè÷íûé - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå, âïåðâûå îáîñíîâàííîå Ïèððîíîì èç ÝëèÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÑÊÎÂÎÐÎÄÀ Ãðèãîðèé Ñàââè÷ (1722-1794) - óêðàèíñêèé ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, ïåäàãîã, ïîýò. ÎÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÊÎÐÈÍÀ Ôðàíöèñê (Ôðàíòèøàê) (1490/?/ - 1551/?/) - áåëîðóññêèé ïåðâîïå÷àòíèê, ìûñëèòåëü-ãóÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÊÎÐÓËÜÑÊÈÉ Àíòîíèé (1715-1780) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýêëåêòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè â Áåëàðóñè è ËèòâåÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÊÎÒ ÝÐÈÓÃÅÍÀ - ñì. ÈÎÀÍÍ ÑÊÎÒ ÝÐÈÓÃÅÍÀ ÑÊÎÒÈÇÌ - ñõîëàñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñðåäíåâåêîâîéòîäîêñèè. Îñíîâîïîëîæíèê - Èîàíí Äóíñ Ñêîò. Îñíîâíûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè: Àíòóàí Àíäðå, Ôðàíñóà ÌåéîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑËÀÂßÍÎÔÈËÜÑÒÂÎ (ÑËÀÂßÍÎËÞÁÈÅ) - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå ðóññêîé îáùåñòâåííîé ìûñëèÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÑËÓ×ÀÉÍÎÑÒÜ â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ òàêèõ ñâÿçåé äåéÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÌÄ-ÌÅÒÎÄÎËÎÃÈß (ñèñòåìî-ìûñëåäåÿòåëüíîñòíàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ) - ïîäõîä, ðàçðàáàòûâàåìûé äâèæåíÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÑÌÅÐÒÜ - â íàóêå - åñòåñòâåííîå è íåîáðàòèìîå ïðåêðàùåíèå æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ñà íåäîáðîäåòåëüíîé æèçíè: "êòî íàó÷èëñÿ ñìåðòè, òîò ðàçó÷èëñÿ áûòü ðàáîì" (Ñåíåêà). ÕðèñòèàíñêÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÀÂÒÎÐÀ - ñì. ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ

ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÁÎÃÀ - ñì. ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ

ÑÌÅÐÒÜ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ - ïîñòìîäåðíèñòñêèé ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèé òåðìèí äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ îäíîãî èç äâóõ ï÷åëîâå÷åñêîé æèçíè íà Áîãà, ÷òî âûñòóïàåò êàê "êîíåö òåîëîãèè" (Ê. Ðàøêå). Àíàëîãè÷íî, ýñòåòè÷Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÌÅÕ - êóëüòóðíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèé ôåíîìåí êàê ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ îöåíî÷íàÿ ðåàêöèÿ ÷åëîâåêà íà äÅ.È. ßí÷óê

ÑÌÅÙÅÍÈÅ (ñäâèã) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà, ïðîöåññ, ìåõàíèçì è ñïîñîá ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ïñèõÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÌÈÒ (Smith) Àäàì (1723-1790) - øîòëàíäñêèé ýêîíîìèñò è ôèëîñîô, êëàññèê ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé íàóÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ

ÑÌÎÒÐÈÖÊÈÉ Ìåëåòèé (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Ìàêñèì Ãåðàñèìîâè÷) (1575-1633) - ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü ÁåëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÌÛÑË è ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ - ïîíÿòèÿ, çàäàþùèå ðàçíûå ôîðìû îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ îñíîâíîé ÿçûêîâîé ñâÿçè "çÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÑÍÎÂÈÄÅÍÈß - ðåãóëÿðíî âîçíèêàþùèé íîðìàëüíûé ïñèõè÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ â ïåðèîä ñíà (ãëàâíûì îáÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÍßÄÅÖÊÈÉ (Smadecki) Àíäæåé (1768-1838) - ïîëüñêèé ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ó÷åíûé, ïóáëèöèñò, ïîïóëÿÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÍßÄÅÖÊÈÉ (Smadecki) ßí (1756-1830) - ïîëüñêèé ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ìàòåìàòèê, àñòðîíîì, áðàò À. Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÎÁÎÐÍÎÑÒÜ - ïîíÿòèå ðóññêîé ôèëîñîôèè, âûðàáîòàííîå Õîìÿêîâûì â ðàìêàõ åãî ó÷åíèÿ î ÖåðêâÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÎÂÅÒÑÊÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - íåîäíîìåðíàÿ, íåîäíîçíà÷íàÿ è îáëàäàþùàÿ äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêîé ñòåïåíüþ À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ è ÔÎÐÌÀ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåãîðèè, òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçóåìûå äëÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè îòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÒÅËÜÍÎ-ÃÅÍÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ËÎÃÈÊÀ - ëîãèêî-ýïèñòåìîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ðàçðàáàòûÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÑÎÇÅÐÖÀÍÈÅ - ñïîñîá ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, ðåàëèçóþùèéñÿ êàê íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå îòíîøåË.Â. Âàí÷óêåâè÷

ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ - îäíî èç ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ôèëîñîôèè, ïñèõîëîãèè, ñîöèîëîãèè, êîòîðîå õàðàïðîÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ êàê â ñàìîïîçíàíèè, îïûòå ñàìîóãëóáëåíèÿ è îáùåíèÿ ñ âñåâûøíèì ðàçóìîì, òàê è â Å.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ÑÎÊÐÀÒ (îê. 470-399 äî í.ý.) - àíòè÷íûé ìûñëèòåëü, ïåðâûé (ïî ðîæäåíèþ) àôèíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ØÊÎËÛ - ðÿä ôèëîñîôñêèõ íàïðàâëåíèé àíòè÷íîñòè (4-3 ââ. äî í.ý.), âîñõîäÿùèõÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÎËÆÅÍÈÖÛÍ Àëåêñàíäð Èñàåâè÷ (ð. 1918) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, ìûñëèòåëü, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎËÈÏÑÈÇÌ (ëàò. solus ipse - òîëüêî ñàì) - òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà, ñêâîçü ïðèçìó êîòîðîé Ä.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÑÎËÎÂÜÅ Âëàäèìèð Ñåðãååâè÷ (1853-1900) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë Ìîñêîâñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò.Ã.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÎÍ - íàñòóïàþùåå ïîñëå áîäðñòâîâàíèÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêîå ôóíêöèîíàëüíîå ïñèõè÷åñêîå ñîñòîÿíèå âÈ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÎÏÐÎÒÈÂËÅÍÈÅ - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà ôåíîìåí, ñèëû è ïðîöåññû, ïðåïÿòñòâóþùèå îñîçíàíèþ èÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÎÐÎÊÈÍ Ïèòèðèì Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1889-1968) - ðóññêèé è àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã. ÏðåäñòàâèòåëüÍ.Â. Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷

ÑÎÑËÎÂÈÅ - ïîíÿòèå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñîöèàëüíûõ ãðóïï (îáùíîñòåé), ãëàâíûì îòëè÷èòåëüíûì ïðèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÑÑÞÐ (Saussure) Ôåðäèíàíä äå (1857-1913) - øâåéöàðñêèé ëèíãâèñò, âûäâèíóâøèé áàçèñíûå ïîëÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ

ÑÎÔÈÎËÎÃÈß - ó÷åíèå î Ñîôèè Ïðåìóäðîñòè Áîæèåé ðóññêèõ ðåëèãèîçíûõ ôèëîñîôîâ 19-20 ââ. ÂîñÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÎÔÈÑÒÈÊÀ - 1) ó÷åíèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñëîæèâøåéñÿ â Àôèíàõ âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå 5 â. äî í.ý. ÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà

ÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. sophia - ìàñòåðñòâî, çíàíèå, ìóäðîñòü) - ñìûñëîîáðàç àíòè÷íîé, à ïîçäíåå õðèñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. socialis - îáùåñòâåííûé) - ïðîöåññ îïåðàöèîíàëüíîãî îâëàäåíèÿ íàáîðîì ïÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÌ - 1) îäíà èç âåðñèé îáùåñòâåííîãî èäåàëà â åâðîïåéñêîé ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêîé è ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÃÐÓÏÏÀ - ëþáàÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî óñòîé÷èâàÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ëþäåé, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ âî âçàèìÅ.À. Êîðîñòåëåâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß (ëàò. distantia - ðàññòîÿíèå) - ïîíÿòèå, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå ðàçìåùåíèå ñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß (ãðå÷. hierarhia, hieros - ñâÿòîé, arche - âëàñòü, ïðàâëåíèå) - ñèñòåìÅ.À. Óãðèíîâè÷

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÊÀÒÀÑÒÐÎÔÀ - ñêà÷êîîáðàçíûå èçìåíåíèÿ îáùåñòâà, âîçíèêàþùèå â âèäå âíåçàïíîãî îÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈß - ñì. ÌÈÔÎËÎÃÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ- ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî îáîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÜ - ñîâîêóïíîñòü ëþäåé, âûäåëÿåìàÿ ïî êðèòåðèþ òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ è ñîöèîêóÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß - ïîíÿòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè; ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê ñîöèàëÅ.À. Êîðîñòåëåâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÎËÜ - íîðìàòèâíî îäîáðåííûé, îòíîñèòåëüíî óñòîé÷èâûé îáðàçåö ïîâåäåíèÿ (âêëþ÷àÈ.Í. Àíäðååâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÀÒÈÑÒÈÊÀ - îòðàñëü (ðàçäåë) ñòàòèñòèêè, èçó÷àþùàÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííî-êà÷åñòâåííûå À.Á. Þðêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß - ïîíÿòèå, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî â ñîöèîëîãèè îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ íåðàâíîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ - ôèêñèðîâàííàÿ â ñîöèàëüíîì îïûòå ëè÷íîñòè (ãðóïïû) ïðåäðàñïîëîæåííîÄÌ. Áóëûíêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - ðàçäåë ôèëîñîôèè, îïðåäåëåííûì îáðàçîì îïèñûâàþùèé êà÷åñòâåííîå ñâîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß - ïîíÿòèå, èñïîëüçóåìîå äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ âíóòðåííå åäèíîé ñèñòåìû ñîöèàÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÌÅÍÀ ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß- (1) - â óçêîì ñìûñëå òåîðèÿ, ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ â àìåðèêàíñêîé ñîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ - ïðîöåññ íåïîñðåäñòâåííîãî èëè îïîñðåäîâàííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ ñîöèÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÐÅÌß (âðåìÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî áûòèÿ) - êîëëåêòèâíîå ïåðöåïòóàëüíîå âðåìÿ, óíèâåðñàî âðåìåíè íåñóò â ñâîåé ñòðóêòóðå èäåþ ïîâòîðÿþùåéñÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè âðåìåííûõ öèêëîâ, ÷òî

íàì, äîøåë áû ê íàì â ëîãè÷åñêîì ïîðÿäêå ñëåäñòâèé - ñ åãî òî÷êè çðåíèÿ - è ïðè÷èí - ñ íàøåé òÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ - åäèíèöà ñîöèàëüíîé ðåàëüíîñòè, âûñòóïàþùàÿ åå êîíñòèòóèðóþùèì ýëåìåíÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÍÀÑÈËÈÅ (àãðåññèâíîñòü, äåñòðóêòèâ-íîñòü) - ïðèìåíåíèå èëè óãðîçà ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñèÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÐÀÂÅÍÑÒÂÎ - ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå îäèíàêîâîå ñîöèàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå ëþäåé, ïðèíàäÅ.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÀÒÎÌ (ëàò. socialis - îáùåñòâåííûé, ñâÿçàííûé ñ æèçíüþ è îòíîøåíèÿìè ëþäåé â îáÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ - îòíîñèòåëüíî óñòîé÷èâàÿ ôîðìà îðãàíèçàöèè ñîöèàëüíîé æèçíè, îáåñïå÷èÅ.À. Êîðîñòåëåâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ - ìåõàíèçì ñàìîðåãóëÿöèè ñèñòåìû, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé óïîðÿäî÷åííîå âçàèìîäÑ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÎÐßÄÎÊ - ôèëîñîôñêî-ñîöèîëîãè÷å-ñêîå ïîíÿòèå, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùåå îáúÿñíåíèå òîãî, Å.À. Óãðèíîâè÷

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÐÅÀËÈÇÌ - ïàðàäèãìàëüíàÿ óñòàíîâêà ñîöèàëüíî-èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, îñíîâàííàÿÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÒÓÑ (ëàò. status - ïîëîæåíèå) - ñîîòíîñèòåëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå èíäèâèäà èëè ñîöèàÑ. À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÅÐÅÎÒÈÏ - ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå ÑÎÖÈÍ (Socino, Sozzini) Ôàóñò (1539-1604) - ôèëîñîô,Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÍÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ - ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîôñêîå òå÷åíèå àí-òèòðèíèòàðèñòñêîãî (àðèàíñêîãî) òîëêà êîíÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈß - ìåæäèñöèïëèíàðíîå íàó÷íîå íàïðàâëåíèå âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû 20 â., ñëîæèâøååñÿ, Å.À. Êå÷èíà

ÑÎÖÈÎÃÐÀÌÌÀ (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ãðå÷. gramma - ïèñüìåííûé çíàê, ÷åðòà, ëèíèÿ) - ñïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÑÈÕÎËÎÃÈÇÌ - ïëþðàëèñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå ñîöèîëîãèè, ïðèíèìàþùåå â êà÷åñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ãðå÷. logos ó÷åíèå) - íàóêà îá îáùåñòâå, î çàêîíàõ Ã.Í. Ñîêîëîâà

ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß ÇÍÀÍÈß - ìåòàòåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ îáëàñòü ñîöèîëîãèè, àíàëèçèðóþùàÿ ñ ðàçëè÷íûõ òåîðåòðîëü â ñòàíîâëåíèè Ñ.Ç. ñûãðàëè òàêæå ôðåéäèçì è ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ òðàäèöèÿ â öåëîì, à òàêæå © Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÎÌÀÒÐÈÖÀ (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ëàò. matrix - èñòî÷íèê, íà÷àëî, ìàòêà) - ñïåöèàëüÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåêêî

ÑÎÖÈÎÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÒÅÑÒ (ñîöèîìåòðèÿ è àíãë. test - èñïûòàíèå, èññëåäîâàíèå) - ñïåöèàëüíûé ñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÎÖÈÎÌÅÒÐÈß, ìèêðîñîöèîëîãèÿ (ëàò. societas - îáùåñòâî è ãðå÷. metreo - èçìåðÿþ) - ñîöèîëîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÏÅÍÑÅÐ (Spencer) Ãåðáåðò (1820-1903) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Ñ. îòëè÷àëñÿ íåîáûêÀ.Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî

ÑÏÈÍÎÇÀ (Spinoza, Espmosa) Áåíåäèêò (Áàðóõ) (1632-1677) - íèäåðëàíäñêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ âÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÑÏÈÐÈÒÓÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. spiritualis - äóõîâíûé, spiritus - äóøà, äóõ) - ôèëîñîôñêîå âîççðåíèå, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÑÐÅÄÍÅÂÅÊÎÂÀß ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß - êà÷åñòâåííî ñâîåîáû÷íûé ýòàï â èñòîðèè ôèëîñîôèè. Õðîíîëîãè÷åñêèäî ñèõ ïîð âûñêàçûâàþòñÿ ðàçíûå òî÷êè çðåíèÿ. Íà÷àëî ñðåäíåâåêîâüÿ îòíîñÿò òî êî 2-4 ââ., òî êòèêà. Åñëè ñõîëàñò ìûñëèò î Áîãå, òî ìèñòèê "ìûñëèò" Áîãà. Îíè, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðîòèâîñòîÿò. ÍÍ.Ñ. Ñåìåíîâ

ÑÒÀËÈÍ (ÄÆÓÃÀØÂÈËÈ) Èîñèô Âèññàðèîíîâè÷ (1879-1953) - ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ðåâîëþöèîíåð, èäåîëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÒÀÍÊÅÂÈ× Íèêîëàé Âëàäèìèðîâè÷ (1813-1840) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô.  1830-1834 ó÷èëñÿ íà ñëîâåñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÒÀÒÓÑ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÒÓÑ ÑÒÅÏÈÍ Âÿ÷åñëàâ Ñåìåíîâè÷ (ð. 1934) - ðîññèéñêî-À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÒÅÏÓÍ Ôåäîð Àâãóñòîâè÷ (1884-1965) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, êóëüòóðîëîã, èñòîðèê, ïèñàòåëü. Ó÷èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÑÒÈËÜ ÍÀÓ×ÍÎÃÎ ÌÛØËÅÍÈß - èñòîðè÷åñêè ñëîæèâøàÿñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòü ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðåãóëÿòèâîÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÑÒÈËÜ ÕÓÄÎÆÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ (ãðå÷. stylos - ïàëî÷êà äëÿ ïèñüìà) - ýñòåòè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ, îòðàæàþ

À.Þ. Êàðà÷óí

ÑÒÈÕÈÉÍÎÅ È ÑÎÇÍÀÒÅËÜÍÎÅ Â ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÌ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÅ - êàòåãîðèè ñîöèàëüíîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, ñ ïîìîùÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÑÒÎÈÖÈÇÌ - îäíà èç øêîë äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îñíîâàòåëåì êîòîðîé áûë Çåíîí èç ÊèòèîíÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÑÒÎÐÃÅ (ãðå÷. storge - ïðèâÿçàííîñòü) - îäíà èç ðàçíîâèäíîñòåé ëþáâè â àíòè÷íîé åå êëàññèôÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÒÐÀÒÀ (ëàò. stratum - ñëîé, ïëàñò) - ýëåìåíò ñîöèàëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû, êîíñòðóèðóåìûé íà îñíîÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß

ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂ Íèêîëàé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1828-1896) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ëèòåðàòóðíûé êðèòèê è ïóáëèöèñò.Ä.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÑÒÐÓÂÅ Ïåòð Áåðåíãàðäîâè÷ (1870-1944) - ðîññèéñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, ýêîíîìèñò, ïðàâîâåäÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÒÐÓÃÀÖÊÈÅ, Àðêàäèé Íàòàíîâè÷ (1925-1991) è Áîðèñ Íàòàíîâè÷ (ð. 1933) - ðîññèéñêèå ïèñàòåëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ (ëàò. structure - ñòðîåíèå, ðàñïîëîæåíèå, ïîðÿäîê) - ñîâîêóïíîñòü âíóòðåííèõ ñâÿÍ.Í. Ëåîíîâ

ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀËÈÇÌ - îáîçíà÷åíèå â öåëîì íåîäíîðîäíîé ñôåðû ãóìàíèòàðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, èçáèðàþùÀ.À. Ãîðíûõ

ÑÓÀÐÅÑ (Suarez) Ôðàíñèñêî (1548-1617) - ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ïîçäíåé ñõîëàñòèêè â èñòîðèè ñðåäíåâÈ.À. Íåñòåðîâè÷

ÑÓÁÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ - ñèñòåìà íîðì è öåííîñòåé, îòëè÷àþùèõ ãðóïïó îò áîëüøèíñòâà îáùåñòâà. Ñ. (ïîäÈ.Í. Êðàñàâöåâà

ÑÓÁËÈÌÀÖÈß (ÑÓÁËÈÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ) - ïðîöåññ è ìåõàíèçì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ýíåðãèè ñåêñóàëüíîãî âëå÷åÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÓÁÑÒÀÍÖÈß (ëàò. substantia - ñóùíîñòü, íå÷òî, ëåæàùåå â îñíîâå) - ôèëîñîôñêîå ïîíÿòèå äëÿÀ.Í. Ëåâàíþê

ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒ è ÎÁÚÅÊÒ (ëàò. subjectus - ëåæàùèé âíèçó, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â îñíîâå è objectum - ïðåäìåíÿòèÿ Ñ. è Î. íå ñòîèò àññîöèèðîâàòü ñ ïðîèçâîäíûìè îò íèõ êàòåãîðèÿìè "ñóáúåêòèâíîãî" è "îáúå

"ñìåðòü Ñ", ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèçì õàðàêòåðèçóåò åãî íå ñòîëüêî êàê òâîðöà, ñêîëüêî êàê êîìáèíàòîðàÅ.Â. Õîëø÷

ÑÓÄÇÓÊÈ (Suzuki) Äàéñåöó (1870-1966) - ÿïîíñêèé ôèëîñîô. Îäèí èç âåäóùèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî äÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÑÓÄÜÁÀ - ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î ïðåäîïðåäåëåííîñòè è íåîòâðàòèìîñòè ñîáûòèé è ïîñòóïêîâ â æèçíè êÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÑÓÆÄÅÍÈÅ - ïðîäóêò è ðåçóëüòàò ìûñëèòåëüíîãî ïðîöåññà, ïðåäïîëàãàþùåãî, ÷òî ñóáúåêò, êîíñòàÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ÑÓÔÈÇÌ (àðàáñê. suf- ãðóáàÿ øåðñòÿíàÿ òêàíü â çíà÷åíèè "ðóáèùå") - ìèñòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèåèíòåðåñîâàííîñòè: ê Áîãó íåëüçÿ îáðàùàòü ìîëüáû î íèñïîñëàíèè áëàã, - ëþáîâü ê íåìó íå äîëæíà Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ (ëàò. haecceitas - ýòîâîñòü è quidditas - ÷òîéíîñòü) è ßÂËÅÍÈÅ - ôèëîñîôñêèå êàòåË.À. Ãðèöàïîâ

Çíàê ÑÕÅÌÀ - çíàêîâàÿ ôîðìà ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ è îòîáðàæåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ ìûøëåíèÿ èëè îáúåêòèâíîçíàêîâàÿ ôîðìà îáúåêòèâíîå ñîäåðæàíèå îòíîøåíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ãäå âòîðîé ýëåìåíò (çíàê) ïî îïðåäåëåÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÑÕÎËÀÑÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. schola - ó÷åíàÿ áåñåäà, øêîëà è ëàò. scholaslica - ó÷åíûé) - èíòåëëåêòóàíàçûâàòü ðûáêó ðûáêîé, íå çàòóìàíèâàÿ ïîíÿòèÿ áëóäëèâûìè ñëîâåñàìè". È, ÷òî îñîáåííî èíòåðåñíîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

Ñ×ÀÑÒÜÅ - ñì. ÝÂÄÅÌÎÍÈÇÌ

ÑÞÐÐÅÀËÈÇÌ (ôð. surrealite - ñâåðõðåàëüíîñòü) - õóäîæåñòâåííîå òå÷åíèå â ðàìêàõ ìîäåðíèçìàÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÀÁÓ (îò ïîëèíåçèéñêîãî ñëîâà, îçíà÷àâøåãî - çàïðåò) - íåãàòèâíûå ïðåäïèñàíèÿ (êàòåãîðè÷åñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÀÂÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. tauto -òî æå ñàìîå; logos -ñëîâî) - 1) âûðàæåíèå, ïîâòîðÿþùåå ðàíåå ñêàç(A v B) <-> (À ^ Â)ÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà

ÒÀÉËÎÐ (Tylor) Ýäâàðä Áàðíåò (1832-1917) - àíòðîïîëîã, îáùåïðèçíàííûé ëèäåð ðàííåãî àíãëèéÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÒÀÍÀÒÎÑ, Ôàíàòîñ, Òàíàò, Ôàíàò (ãðå÷. Thanatos - ñìåðòü) - 1) áîã ñìåðòè â àíòè÷íîé ìèôîëîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÀÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ñàíñêð. tantra - õèòðîñïëåòåíèå - â çíà÷åíèè: ñëîâåñíûé àðàáåñê, ýçîòåðè÷åñêèé òå

ñîçíàíèå (÷èò), Øàêòè âûñòóïàåò ñîçèäàòåëüíîé ñèëîé ñîçíàíèÿ (÷èäðóïèíè), è "êîãäà Øèâà îáúåäèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÀÐÄ (Tardc) Ãàáðèýëü (1843-1904) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ñîöèîëîã è êðèìèíàëèñò, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê

TAPCKÈÉ (Tarski) Àëüôðåä (1902-1984) - ïîëüñêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ëîãèê è ìàòåìàòèê, îäèí èç ãëàÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê, À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÒÀÒÀÐÊÅÂÈ× Âëàäèñëàâ (1886-?) - ïîëüñêèé ôèëîñîô. Äîêòîðñêóþ ñòåïåíü ïîëó÷èë â Ìàðáóðãå (1Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷.

ÒÂÎÐ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - êîíñòðóêòèâíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî ñîçäàíèþ íîâîãî.  àíòè÷íîé ôèëîñîôèè ñâÿçûâàëÂ.Ô. Âåðêîâ

ÒÅÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. theos - áîã) - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé òèï ðåëèãèîçíîãî ñîçíàíèÿ, âåðîó÷åíèå êîòîðîãî öÌ.Ë. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÅÉßÐ ÄÅ ØÀÐÄÅÍ (Teilhard de Chardin) Ïüåð (1881-1955) - ôðàíöóçñêèé åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëü, ÷À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÒÅÊÑÒ - â îáùåì ïëàíå ñâÿçíàÿ è ïîëíàÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü çíàêîâ. Ïðîáëåìà Ò., âîçíèêàÿ íàÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÒÅËÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. telos - çàâåðøåíèå, öåëü; teleos - äîñòèãøèé öåëè è logos - ó÷åíèå) - ó÷íà÷àëî êèáåðíåòèêè êàê òåîðåòè÷åñêîé äèñöèïëèíû ñòàòüÿ À. Ðîçåíáëþìà, Í. Âèíåðà è Äæ. Áèãåëîó Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÅÍÍÈÑ (Tonnies) Ôåðäèíàíä (1855-1936) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèîëîã. Ïîëó÷èë äèïëîì ïî êëàññè÷åñêîéòîâàðèùåñòâà. Ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïðîáëåìàòèêå è, ãëàâíîå, èñïîëüçóåìûì ìåòîäàì ñîöèîëîãèÿ ñòðîèòñÿÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÒÅÎÄÈÖÅß (ãðå÷. theos -Áîã è dike -ñïðàâåäëèâîñòü, ïðàâî, áóêâ. - áîãîîïðàâäàíèå) - ðåëèãèÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÒÅÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. theos - Áîã, logos - ñëîâî; ðóññêàÿ êàëüêà - áîãîñëîâèå) - ôåíîìåí òåèñòñêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÅÎÐÈß (ãðå÷. teoria - ðàññìîòðåíèå, èññëåäîâàíèå) - (1) - â øèðîêîì ñìûñëå: ðàçâåðíóòîå óÂ.Ô. Âåðêîâ

ÒÅÎÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. theos -Áîã è sîðhià -ìóäðîñòü, çíàíèå) - (1) - äîêòðèíà Áîãîïîçíàíèÿ (â îòëÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÒÅÐÌÈÍ (ëàò. terminus - ïðåäåë, ãðàíèöà) - ñëîâî èëè ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ýìïèðè÷åÑÂ. Âîðîáüåâà

ÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. terminus - ãðàíèöà, îïðåäåëåííîñòü, èìÿ) - ïîçäíåñõîëàñòè÷åñêîå òå÷åíèå â ñâîåãî ìåòîäà, ôóíäèðîâàííîãî ïàðàëëåëüíî êàòåãîðèàëüíûì àíàëèçîì òåðìèíîâ è àíàëèçîì äàííûõ ÷Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÅÐÒÓËËÈÀÍ (Tertullianus) Êâèíò Ñåïòèìèé Ôëîðåíñ (îê. 160 - ïîñëå 220) - êëàññèê õðèñòèàíñòðîëèðóåìûå âñêðèêè, íåðåôëåêñèðóåìûå ðå÷åâûå ôîðìóëû - âñå òî, ÷òî ïîëòîðû òûñÿ÷è ëåò ñïóñòÿ Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÅÑÒ (àíãë. test - ïðîáà, èñïûòàíèå, ïðîâåðêà, èññëåäîâàíèå) - îáùåíàó÷íûé ýìïèðè÷åñêèé ìåÄ.Â. Åðìîëîâè÷

ÒÅÓÐÃÈß (ãðå÷. theos - áîã, ergon - ðàáîòà; áóêâ. - áîãîòâîð÷åñòâî) - òåðìèí òåîëîãèè, ôèêÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÅÕÍÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. è ëàò. techne - èñêóññòâî, ìàñòåðñòâî) - ïîíÿòèå, êîòîðûì â èñòîðèè êóëüòóðÀ.È.Ëîéêî

ÒÅÕÍÎÊÐÀÒÈÇÌÀ ÒÅÎÐÈÈ - ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêèå è ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ è êîíÀ.È. Ëîéêî

ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÄÅÒÅÐÌÈÍÈÇÌ - òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ óñòàíîâêà â ôèëîñîôñêèõ è ñîöèîëîÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÒÅÕÍÎÔÎÁÈß (ãðå÷. techne - ìàñòåðñòâî, phobos - ñòðàõ) - ïîíÿòèå, âûðàæàþùåå ñòðàõ ïåðåä òÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÒÈÁÅÒÑÊÀß "ÊÍÈÃÀ ÌÅÐÒÂÛÕ" (òèáåò. "Áàðäî òî-äîë") - ñîáðàíèå ïèñüìåííûõ ðóêîâîäñòâ, èñïîëüÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÒÈËËÈÕ (Tillich) Ïàóëü (1886-1965) - íåìåöêî-àìå-ðèêàíñêèé ïðîòåñòàíòñêèé òåîëîã è ôèëîñîô,öèé (ýïîõà "êàéðîñà") - ñèòóàöèè íà ãðàíèöå ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé, êîòîðàÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ Ò.Ñ.À. Ðàäèîíîâà

ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈÇÀÖÈß(ãðå÷. tipos - îòïå÷àòîê, ôîðìà, îáðàçåö è logos - ñëîâî, ó÷åíèå) - ìåòîä íàóÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÒÎÆÄÅÑÒÂÎ È ÐÀÇËÈ×ÈÅ - äâå âçàèìîñâÿçàííûå êàòåãîðèè ôèëîñîôèè è ëîãèêè. Ïðè îïðåäåëåíèè ïÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÒÎÉÍÁÈ (Toynbee) Àðíîëüä Äæîçåô (1889-1975) - áðèòàíñêèé èñòîðèê è îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÐÂ.Í. Ôóðñ

TOKBÈËÜ (Tocqueville) Àëåêñèñ (1805-1859) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïîëèòè÷åñêèé ìûñëèòåëü, èñòîðèê, ññîöèîëîãè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå. Àâòîð êîíñòàòèðóåò äâà ïîëÿðíûõ èäåàëüíûõ òèïà èñòîðè÷åñêèõ îáùåÀ.Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî

ÒÎËÀÍÄ (Toland) Äæîí (1670-1722) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç ïåðâûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñâîáîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÒÎËÊÈÍ (Tholkien) Äæîí Ðîíàëüä Ðóýë (1892-1973) - àíãëèéñêèé ïèñàòåëü, ëèòåðàòóðîâåä è ìåäÎäíàêî îñîáî áåðåæíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå àðõàè÷åñêîãî è ñðåäíåâåêîâîãî ôîëüêëîðíî-ìèôîëîãè÷åñêîãî íãóìàíèòàðèåâ. Ïóáëèêóþòñÿ íå òîëüêî ëèòåðàòóðîâåä÷åñêèå è êðèòè÷åñêèå ðàáîòû, íî è ðàçëè÷íûå ñÀ.È. Åêàäóìîâ

ÒÎËÑÒÎÉ Ëåâ Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1828-1910) - ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü è ìûñëèòåëü. Àâòîð ïðîèçâåäåíèé - èäÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÒÎÌÈÇÌ - îñíîâíîå íàïðàâëåíèå â ñõîëàñòèêå, ó÷åíèå øêîëû Ò., êîòîðîå ñ 13 âåêà ïî íàøè äíèÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí, À.Â. Âàñèí

ÒÎÏÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. topos - ìåñòî) - òåõíèêà ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèè ìûøëåíèÿ è ïîíèìàíèÿ, À.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÒÎÒÀËÈÒÀÐÈÇÌ (ëàò. totalitas - öåëüíîñòü, ïîëíîòà) - ïîíÿòèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ïîëèòè÷åñêóþ (ãÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÒÎÒÅÌ (îò àëãîíêèíñêîãî "îòîòåì" - åãî ðîä) - ñóùåñòâî, ïðåäìåò èëè ÿâëåíèå (÷àùå âñåãî æèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÎÒÅÌÈÇÌ (îò àëãîíêèíñêîãî "îòîòåì" - åãî ðîä) - îäíà èç ðàííèõ ôîðì ðåëèãèè ïåðâîáûòíîãî Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÎÔÔËÅÐ (Toffler) Îëâèí (ð. 1928) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò-ôóòóðîëîã. ÎÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÒÐÀÂÌÀ ÐÎÆÄÅÍÈß (ãðå÷. trauma - ïîâðåæäåíèå îðãàíèçìà) - ïîíÿòèå è ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ êîíöÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ (äîèíäóñòðèàëüíîå îáùåñòâî, ïðèìèòèâíîå îáùåñòâî) - ïîíÿòèå, ôîêóñèðÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈß (ëàò. traditio - ïåðåäà÷à, ïðèäàíèå) - óíèâåðñàëüíàÿ ôîðìà ôèêñàöèè, çàêðåïëåíèÿ Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÒÐÀÍÑÃÐÅÑÑÈß (ëàò. trans - ñêâîçü; ÷åðåç, çà è gressus - ïðèáëèæàòüñÿ, ïåðåõîäèòü, íàïàäàòÀ.ß. Ñàðíà

ÒÐÀÍÑÔÅÐ, ïåðåíîñ, ïåðåíåñåíèå (ëàò. transferre - ïåðåíîñèòü) - ïðîöåññ è ðåçóëüòàò ñïîíòàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÛ Â ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅ (èòàë. transformare - ïðåîáðàçîâûâàòü, ïðåâðàùàòü) -À.Í. Äàíèëîâ

ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÀËÈÈ - ñì. ÁÎÃ, ÒÅÎËÎÃÈß ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÀËÜÍÎÅ ÅÄÈÍÑÒÂÎ ÀÏÏÅÐÖÅÏÖÈÈ - â ôèëîñîôèèÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÍÎÅ è ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÒÀËÜÍÎÅ (ëàò. transcendens - ïåðåøàãèâàþùèé, âûõîäÿùèé çà ïðåÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÒÐÀÍÑÖÅÍÄÅÍÖÈß (ëàò. transcendens - ïðåøàãèâàþ-ùèé, âûõîäÿùèé çà ïðåäåëû) - ôèëîñîôñêèé òåÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÒÐÅËÜ× (Trocltch) Ýðíñò (1865-1923) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã, àâòîð òðóäîâ ïî ñîöèîëîãèÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî

ÒÐÈÍÈÒÀÐÈÇÌ - ñì. ÒÐÎÈÖÀ

ÒÐÎÈÖÀ - öåíòðàëüíûé äîãìàò õðèñòèàíñêîãî âåðîó÷åíèÿ, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó åäèíûé Áîã ñóùåñòâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÒÐÎÖÊÈÉ (Áðîíøòåéí) Ëåâ (Ëåéáà) Äàâèäîâè÷ (1879-1940) - ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ðåâîëþöèîíåð, îäèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÒÐÓÁÅÖÊÎÉ Åâãåíèé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1863-1920) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, ïðàâîâåä, îáùåñòâåíÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÒÐÓÁÅÖÊÎÉ Ñåðãåé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1862-1905) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåÃ.ß. Ìèíåíêîâ

ÒÓÃÀÍ-ÁÀÐÀÍÎÂÑÊÈÉ Ìèõàèë Èâàíîâè÷ (1865-1919) - óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ýêîíîìèñò, èñòîðèê, àýêîíîìèè è ñîöèàëèçìà" (1905), "Ïåðèîäè÷åñêèå ïðîìûøëåííûå êðèçèñû" (1914) è äð.Å.Ì. Ïðèëåïêî

ÒÓËÌÈÍ (Toulmin) Ñòèâåí Ýäåëñòîí (ð. 1922) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô ïîñòïîçèòèâèñòñêîãî íàïðÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÒÓÐÅÍ (Touraine) Àëåí (ð. 1925) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðñèòåòîâ âîäñòâóåòñÿ çíàíèÿìè î ñåáå è ñîöèàëüíîì äåéñòâèè, âñëåäñòâèå ÷åãî ñåðäöåâèíó ñîöèàëüíûõ êîíôëÅ.Ì. Âàáîñîâ

ÒÛËÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ (Tylkowski) Âîéöåõ (1624-1695) - ïîëüñêèé ôèëîñîô è òåîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ïîçäíÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÒÞÐÃÎ (Turgot) Àíí Ðîáåð Æàê (1727-1781) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ýêîíîìèñò, ôèëîñîô-ïðîñâåòèòåëü, ãîÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ

ÓÀÉÒ (White) Ëåñëè Ýëâèí (1900-1975) - àìåðèêàíñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, îäèí èç ëèäåðîâ íåîýâîëþöèÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÓÀÉÒÕÅÄ (Whitehead) Àëüôðåä Íîðò (1861-1947) - áðèòàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ìàòåìàòèê, ëîãèê, ìåòîäÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÓÇÍÀÄÇÅ Äìèòðèé (1887-1950) - ãðóçèíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã. Äîêòîð ôèëîñîôèè (1909), ïðîôÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÓÈËÜßÌ (ÈÑÊÀÌ (Ockham, Occam) (îê. 1285-1349) - àíãëèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ëîãèê è òåîëîã, ìîíàõ-À.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÓÌÎÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ - ôîðìà ìûøëåíèÿ, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîé ïîëó÷àþò íîâîå ñóæäåíèå íà îñíîâå îäíîÂ.Ô. Áåðêîâ

ÓÍÀÌÓÍÎ (Unamuno) Ìèãåëü äå (1864-1936) - èñïàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïîýò, ïèñàòåëü, ó÷åíûé, îñíîâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÀËÈÈ (ëàò. universalis - îáùèé) - îáùèå ïîíÿòèÿ. Ïðîáëåìà Ó. â èñòîðèêî-ôèëîñîôñêîéåãî.  ýòîì ñåìàíòè÷åñêîì ïîëå îíòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîáëåìà êàê òàêîâàÿ óòðà÷èâàåò ñâîé èñõîäíûé ñìÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÓÎÐÄ (Ward) Ëåñòåð (1841-1913) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ïñèõîëîãèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÓÏÀÍÈØÀÄÛ (ñàíñêð. upa-ni-sad - ñèäåòü îêîëî, ò.å. ó íîã Ó÷èòåëÿ, ïîëó÷àÿ íàñòàâëåíèÿ â äóÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ

ÓÒÎÏÈß (ãðå÷.: îu -îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà, topos -ìåñòî, ò.å. "ìåñòî, êîòîðîãî íåò") - ïîíÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÓÕÒÎÌÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñåé Àëåêñååâè÷ (1875-1942) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèçèîëîã. Àêàäåìèê Àêàäåìèè íàóê ÑÑÑÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

Ó×ÈÒÅËß ÖÅÐÊÂÈ - çàñëóæåííûå ìûñëèòåëè, óäîñòîåííûå Âàòèêàíîì ïî÷åòíûì èìåíåì "doctor ecclÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÔÀÊÒ (ëàò. factum - ñäåëàííîå) - ïîíÿòèå, èìåþùåå âûðàæåííóþ ñóáúåêò-îáúåêòíóþ ïðèðîäó, ôèÈ.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÔÀËÅÑ (îê. 640/625 - îê. 547/545 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëüíîãî äëÿ ìèôîëîãèè ãåíåòèçìà ê ñóáñòðàòíîìó ìûøëåíèþ: ñîãëàñíî Ô., íå òîëüêî 1) âñå ñóùåå âîçíÀ.À. Ãðèèàíîâ

ÔÀËÜÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ ßêóá (ñâåòñêîå èìÿ Øèìàí Òàäåóø) (1778-1836) - òåîëîã è ïåäàãîã. Ó÷èëñÿ â ÁðåñÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÔÀËÜÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. falsus - ëîæíûé è facio - äåëàþ) - íàó÷íàÿ ïðîöåäóðà, èìåþùàÿ ñâîèì ðåÞ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÔÀÒÀËÈÇÌ (ëàò. fatalis - ðîêîâîé, ïðåäîïðåäåëåííûé ñóäüáîé) - 1) - ôèëîñîôñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ îÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÔÀØÈÇÌ, íàöèîíàë-ñîöèàëèçì (ëàò. fasio; èòàë. fascismo, fascio- ïó÷îê, ñâÿçêà, îáúåäèíåíèåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Ò.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÔÅÄÎÐΠÍèêîëàé Ôåäîðîâè÷ (1828-1903) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ðåëèãèîçíî-ôèëîñîÎ.Â. Øóáàðî

ÔÅÄÎÒΠÃåîðãèé Ïåòðîâè÷ (1886-1951) - ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê, ïóáëèöèñò, ïðîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÔÅÉÅÐÀÁÅÍÄ (Feyerabend) Ïîë (Ïàóëü) Êàðë (1924-1994) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô è ìåòîäîëîã íàÀ.Ë. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÔÅÉÅÐÁÀÕ (Feuerbach) Ëþäâèã Àíäðåàñ (1804-1872) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô. Ïîëó÷èë îáðàçîâàíèå â Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÔÅÌÈÍÈÇÌ (ëàò. femina - æåíùèíà) - îáùåå íàçâàíèå äâèæåíèÿ æåíùèí ïðîòèâ äèñêðèìèíàöèè ïî Å.È. ßí÷óê

ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß- â óçêîì (ñòðîãîì) ñìûñëå - ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ Øþöà èÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ - ñîâîêóïíîñòü ïñèõîàíàëèòè÷åñêè îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ âîççðåíèé Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍÎËÎÃÈß - âëèÿòåëüíîå òå÷åíèå çàïàäíîé ôèëîñîôèè 20 â. Õîòÿ ñàì òåðìèí Ô. èñïîëüçîâàÀ.Â. Ôèëèïïîâè÷, Î.Í. Øïàðàãà

ÔÅÐÅÍÖÈ (Ferånczi) Øàíäîð (1873-1933) - âåíãåðñêèé ïñèõèàòð è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Äîêòîð ìåäèöèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÅÐÐÀÐÎÒÒÈ (Ferrarotti) Ôðàíêî (ð. 1926) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, àâòîð òåîðèè "àëüòåðíàòèâÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê

ÔÈÊÑÀÖÈß (ëàò. fixus - òâåðäûé, íåðóøèìûé, êðåïêèé) - â ïñèõîàíàëèçå Ôðåéäà îïèñàòåëüíîå ïÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÈËÈÎÊÂÅ(ëàò. filioque - è îò ñûíà) - õðèñòèàíñêàÿ ôîðìóëà, èíòåðïðåòèðóþùàÿ Äóõ Ñâÿòîé â Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÔÈËÈÏÎÂÈ× Àôàíàñèé (îê. 1597-1648) - áåëîðóññêèé ïîëèòè÷åñêèé è ðåëèãèîçíûé äåÿòåëü, ïèñàòÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÔÈËÈß(ãðå÷. philia - ëþáîâü â ñèíîíèìèè àíãë. to like â îòëè÷èå îò to love) - îäíà èç ðàçíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß (ãðå÷. phileo - ëþáëþ, sophia - ìóäðîñòü; ëþáîâü ê ìóäðîñòè) - îñîáàÿ ôîðìà ïîçí© B.C. Ñòåïàí

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÁÅËÀÐÓÑÈ - êîìïëåêñ ôèëîñîôñêèõ èäåé è ïðåäñòàâëåíèé (âêëþ÷àÿ ñîöèàëüíóþ ôèëîñîô© Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî, © Ý.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÂÎÇÐÎÆÄÅÍÈß - îñîáûé ýòàï â èñòîðèè çàïàäíî-åâðîïåéñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÆÈÇÍÈ - íàïðàâëåíèå â çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé ìûñëè, ñëîæèâøååñÿ â ïîñëåäÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ - êîíöåïöèÿ â ñîñòàâå ôèëîñîôñêîãî çíàíèÿ, íàöåëåííàÿ íà îñìûñëåíèå èñòîÂ.Í. Ôóðñ

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈß - ñì. ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈÅ

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ - îäíî èç çíà÷èìûõ ïðîáëåìíûõ ïîëåé ñîâðåìåííîé çàïàäíûé ôèëîñîôèè, îñíîâÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÑÊÈÅ ÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈß ÍÀÓÊÈ - îäíî èç öåíòðàëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé ñîâðåìåííîé ôèëîñîôèè íàóêè, îáîÅ.Â, Õîìè÷

ÔÈÕÒÅ (Fichte) Èîãàíí Ãîòëèá (1762-1814) - îäèí èç âèäíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé íåìåöêîé êëàññÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÔÈØÅÐ (Fischer) Êóíî (1824-1907) - íåìåöêèé èñòîðèê ôèëîñîôèè 19 â., ïðîôåññîð (ñ 1872), ñÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÔËÎÐÅÍÑÊÈÉ Ïàâåë Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1882-1937) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ó÷åíûé-ýíöèêëîïåäèñò. Ó÷èëñÿÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÔËÎÐÅÍÒÈÉÑÊÈÉ ÏËÀÒÎÍÈÇÌ - íàïðàâëåíèå ôèëîñîôñêîé ìûñëè ýïîõè Ðåíåññàíñà, ñâÿçàííîå ñ âîçðÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÔËÎÐÎÂÑÊÈÉ Ãåîðãèé Âàñèëüåâè÷ (1893-1979) - ðóññêèé áîãîñëîâ, ôèëîñîô, èñòîðèê êóëüòóðû. Îè ãðå÷åñêîé ïàòðèñòèêè (4-8 ââ.). "Ïóòè ðóññêîãî áîãîñëîâèÿ" íå ëèøåíû íåêîòîðîãî ñóáúåêòèâèçìÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÔÎÌÀ ÀÊÂÈÍÑÊÈÉ (Thomas Aquinas) (1225/1226-1274) - ñðåäíåâåêîâûé ôèëîñîô è áîãîñëîâ (òèòóëÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÔÎÐÌÀ - ñì. ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ è ÔÎÐÌÀ, ÃÈËÅÎÌÎÐ-ÔÈÇÌ

ÔÎÐÌÀËÈÇÀÖÈß - ñïîñîá âûðàæåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòè çíàíèé ÷åðåç îïðåëåííóþ ôîðìó - çíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÀß ØÊÎËÀ  ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈÈ - ïîïóëÿðíîå â êîíöå 19 - íà÷àëå 20 ââ. â Ãåðìàíèè è ÑØÀ ñîöÀ.Ï. Ëèìàðåíêî

ÔÐÀÍÊ Ñåìåí Ëþäâèãîâè÷ (1877-1950) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Ó÷èëñÿ íà þðèäè÷åñêîì ôàêóëüòåòå ÌîñÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÔÐÀÍÊË (Frankl) Âèêòîð (ð. 1905) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõîëîã, ñïåöèàëèñò â îáëàñòè ïñÀ.Â. Âàí÷óêåâè÷

ÔÐÀÍÊÔÓÐÒÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - îäíî èç òå÷åíèé â ñîöèîëîãèè è ñîöèàëüíîé ôèëîñîôèè 20 â., íàçâàííîåÑÂ. Ëàïèíà

ÔÐÀÍÖÈÑÊ ÀÑÑÈÇÑÊÈÉ (St. Francis from Assisi) (íàñòîÿùåå èìÿ - Äæîâàííè Áåðíàðäîíè) (1182-1À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÔÐÅÃÅ (Frege) Ãîòëîá (1848-1925) - íåìåöêèé ëîãèê, ìàòåìàòèê, ôèëîñîô, â êîíöå 20 ñò. âñå Þ.Â. Áàðàí÷èê

ÔÐÅÉÄ (Freud) Àííà (1895-1982) - àâñòðèéñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. Ñîîñíîâàòåëü ýãîïñèõîëîãèè è äÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÐÅÉÄ (Freud) Çèãìóíä (Ñèãèçìóíä Øëîìî) (1856-1939) - àâñòðèéñêèé âðà÷, íåâðîïàòîëîã, ïñèõÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÐÈÄÌÀÍ Àëåêñàíäð Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (1888-1925) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèçèê, ìåõàíèê è ìàòåìàòèê, îêàçàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÐÈÄÌÅÍ (Friedman) Ìèëòîí (ð. 1912) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ýêîíîìèñò; òåîðåòèê è ïðîïàãàíäèñò ýêîíÀ.Á. Þðêî

ÔÐÎÌÌ (Fromm) Ýðèõ (1900-1980) - íåìåöêî-àìåðè-êàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîëîã, îäèí Ì.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ÔÐÎÌÌ-ÐÅÉÕÌÀÍ (Fromm-Reichman) Ôðèäà (1889-1957) - íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé âðà÷ è ïñèõîàíàëèòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÔÐÝÇÅÐ (Frazer) Äæåéìñ Äæîðäæ (1854-1941) - øîòëàíäñêèé àíòðîïîëîã, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ýâîëþöèîÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÔÓÊÎ (Foucault) Ìèøåëü (1926-1984) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô-ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèñò, ñòàâèâøèé öåëüÄ.Â. Ìàéáîðîäà

ÔÓÍÊÖÈß (ëàò. functio - ñîâåðøåíèå, èñïîëíåíèå) - 1) äåÿòåëüíîñòü, ðîëü îáúåêòà â ðàìêàõ íåÍ.Í. Ëåîíîâ

ÔÓÒÓÐÈÇÌ (ëàò. future - áóäóùåå) - èäåéíî-õóäîæåñòâåííîå òå÷åíèå â ðàìêàõ ìîäåðíèçìà â ïåðÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÔÓÒÓÐÎËÎÃÈß - îáîáùåííîå íàçâàíèå êîíöåïöèé î áóäóùåì ÷åëîâå÷åñòâà; â óçêîì çíà÷åíèè - îáëÌ.Í. Ìàçàíèê

ÕÀÁÅÐÌÀÑ (Habermas) Þðãåí (ð. 1929) - íåìåöêèé ñîöèàëüíûé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Ñ 1961 ïîÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÕÀÉÀÌ Îìàð (îê. 1048- ìåæäó 1113 è 1132), (ïîëíîå èìÿ - Ãèéÿñ àð-Äèí Àáó-ë-Ôàòõ Îìàð èáí ÈÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÕÀÉÄÅÃÃÅÐ (Heidegger) Ìàðòèí (1889-1976) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ìûñëèòåëåéÂ.Í. Ñåìåíîâà

ÕÀÉÅÊ (Hayek) Ôðèäðèõ Àâãóñò ôîí (1899-1992) - àâñòðî-àíãëèéñêèé ýêîíîìèñò è ôèëîñîô, îäèíÀ.À. Áàêàíîâ

ÕÀÐÈÇÌÀ (ãðå÷. charisma - áîæåñòâåííûé äàð, áëàãîäàòü, ìèëîñòü) - íàäåëåííîñòü (âî ìíåíèè À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÕÂÎÑÒΠÂåíèàìèí Ìèõàéëîâè÷ (1868-1920) - ðóññêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðàâîâåä, ôèëîñîô. Îêîí÷èë þðèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

XEÉ3ÈHÃA (Huizinga) Éîõàí (1872-1945) - íèäåðëàíäñêèé èñòîðèê è òåîðåòèê êóëüòóðû. ÏðîôåññÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

ÕÈËÈÀÇÌ, ÌÈËËÅÍÀÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. chilioi, ëàò. mille - òûñÿ÷à) - ðåëèãèîçíî-óòîïè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå À.À. Êðóãëîå

ÕÈÍÒÈÊÊÀ (Hintikka) ßàêêî Þõàíè (ð. 1929) - ôèíñêèé ëîãèê è ôèëîñîô. Ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðñèòåòÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÕÎËÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. holos - öåëûé) - ïîíÿòèå, ñâÿçàííîå ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé â 20 â. ñèñòåìíîé ìåòîäîëîãÅ.È. ßí÷óê

ÕÎËÎÄÍÛÉ Íèêîëàé Ãðèãîðüåâè÷ (1882-1953) - óêðàèíñêèé áèîëîã, èçâåñòíûé ñâîèìè èññëåäîâàíèÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî

ÕÎÌÀÍÑ (Homans) Äæîðäæ Êàñïàð (1910-1989) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåñîð Ãàðâàðäñêîãî óÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÕÎÌÑÊÈÉ(×ÎÌÑÊÈÉ) (Chomsky) Íîàì (ð. 1928) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ëèíãâèñò è ôèëîñîô ÿçûêà, îñíîâîïÀ.À.Ãðèöàíîâ

ÕÎÌßÊΠÀëåêñåé Ñòåïàíîâè÷ (1804-1860) - ðóññêèé ðåëèãèîçíûé ôèëîñîô, áîãîñëîâ, ëèòåðàòóðíÄ.Ê. Áåçíþê

ÕÎÐÊÕÀÉÌÅÐ (Horkheimer) Ìàêñ (1895-1973) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã. Äèðåêòîð ÈíñòèòóòàÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÕÎÐÍÈ (Íîrnåó) Êàðåí (1885-1952) - íåìåöêî-àìåðè-êàíñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê è ïñèõîëîã. ÐåôîðìàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÎ(ãðå÷. christos - ïîìàçàííèê, ìåññèÿ, ñïàñèòåëü) - 1) Âåðîó÷åíèå, öåíòðèðîâàííÑ.Ë. Ëåïèí, Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÕÐÈÑÒÎÑ - ñì. ÈÈÑÓÑ ÕÐÈÑÒÎÑ

ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÍÛÅ ÎÐÈÅÍÒÀÖÈÈ - ýëåìåíòû âíóòðåííåé (äèñïîçèöèîííîé) ñòðóêòóðû ëè÷íîñòè, ñôîðìèðîâÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ - òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ôèëîñîôèè è ñîöèîëîãèè äëÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà ÷åëîâå÷åñêîå, ñîöÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÖÅÐÊÎÂÜ (ãðå÷. - kyriakon - äîì Ãîñïîäíèé) - ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé òèï ñàìîäåÿòåëüíîé è ñàìîóïðàâëÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈß (ëàò. civilis - ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé, ãðàæäàíñêèé) - â âûñøåé ñòåïåíè ýêëåêòè÷íîå èÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈß ÐÈÑÊÀ - âîçíèêøàÿ â 80-å 20 â. è øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ â ôèëîñîôèè Çàïàäà êîÅ.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÖÈÎËÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ Êîíñòàíòèí Ýäóàðäîâè÷ (1857-1935) - ó÷åíûé-ñàìîó÷êà èç ðóññêîé ïðîâèíöèè, ðàçðÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÖÈÖÅÐÎÍ (Cicero) Ìàðê Òóëëèé (106-43 äî í.ý.) - ðèìñêèé ïîëèòèê, ôèëîñîô, îðàòîð. Ðèìñêèé À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÖßÏÈÍÑÊÈÉ(Àìåëüÿíîâè÷) Âàñèëèé Íèêîëàåâè÷ (îê. 1540-1603?) - áåëîðóññêèé ãóìàíèñò, ïèñàòåëÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

×ÀÀÄÀÅ Ïåòð ßêîâëåâè÷ (1794-1856) -ðóññêèé ìûñëèòåëü, ïóáëèöèñò, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü. ÏîÀ.ß. Ñàðíà

×ÀÕÎÂÈÖ (×åõîâè÷) Ìàðòèí (1532-1613) - òåîëîã, ïîýò, èäåîëîã ðàäèêàëüíîé Ðåôîðìàöèè (àíãèòO.K. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

×ÅËÎÂÅÊ - ôóíäàìåíòàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ôèëîñîôèè, ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ ñìûñëîâûì öåíòðîì ïðàêòè÷åñêè ëþÅ.Â. Õîìè÷

×ÅËÏÀÍΠÃåîðãèé Èâàíîâè÷ (1862-1936) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïñèõîëîã, ëîãèê. Ó÷èëñÿ íà èñòîðèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

×ÅÐÍÛØÅÂÑÊÈÉ Íèêîëàé Ãàâðèëîâè÷ (1829-1889) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

×ÈÆÅÂÑÊÈÉ Àëåêñàíäð Ëåîíèäîâè÷ (1897-1964) - èñòîðèê, áèîëîã, îäèí îñíîâàòåëåé áèîôèçèêè, òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ è ãóìàíèñòè÷åñêèõ ïîçèöèé îí îáîñíîâûâàÿ óñòàíîâëåíèå òàêîãî ìèðîïîðÿäêà íà ÇåìëÏ.Ñ. Êàðàêî

×È×ÅÐÈÍ Áîðèñ Íèêîëàåâè÷ (1828-1904) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðàâîâåä, èñòîðèê, ïóáëèöèñò.  18Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

×ÒÅÍÈÅ - ñïåöèôè÷åñêàÿ ôîðìà ÿçûêîâîãî îáùåíèÿ ëþäåé ïîñðåäñòâîì ïå÷àòíûõ èëè ðóêîïèñíûõ òß.ß. Êðàñàâöåâà, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî×ÓÄÎ - ñì. ÒÅÓÐÃÈß

ØÀÄÓÐÑÊÈÉ Ñòàíèñëàâ (1726-1789) - ïîëüñêî-áåëîðóññêèé ôèëîñîô. Ðîäèëñÿ íåäàëåêî îò ÄâèíñêàÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ØÀÌÁÀËÀ - â áóääèçìå è ðÿäå ìèñòè÷åñêèõ ó÷åíèé - ëåãåíäàðíàÿ ñòðàíà, ðàñïîëàãàþùàÿñÿ ê ñåâÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ØÀÍÊÀÐÀ-À×ÀÐÜß(ñàíñêð. Ñànkàrà - èìÿ, acarua - ó÷èòåëü) (788-820) - èíäèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ìèñÂ.Â. Ëîáà÷

ØÀÐÊÎ (Charcot) Æàí Ìàðòåí (1825-1893) - ôðàíöóçñêèé âðà÷ è ó÷åíûé. Îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ØÂÅÉÖÅÐ (Schweitzer) Àëüáåðò (1875-1965) - íåìåö-êî-ôðàíöóçñêèé ìûñëèòåëü-ãóìàíèñò, òåîëîãÀ.Ë.Ãðèöàíîâ

ØÅËÅÐ (Scheler) Ìàêñ (1874-1928) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, îäèí èç îñíîâàòåëåé ôèëîñîÅ.Â. Ïåòóøêîâà

ØÅËËÈÍÃ (Schelling) Ôðèäðèõ Âèëüãåëüì Éîçåô (1775-1854) - îäèí èç âèäíåéøèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåéÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ØÅÐÒÎÊ (Chertok) Ëåîí (1910-1991) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ïñèõèàòð, ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, èñòîðèê ïñèõèàòðèÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ØÅÑÒÎÂ Ëåâ (Ëåâ Èñààêîâè÷ Øâàðöìàí) (1866-1938) - ðîññèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ëèòåðàòîð, ïðåäñòàâÒ.Â. Ùèòöîâà

ØÈÇÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ãðå÷. schizein - ðàñêîëîòü) - îäíî èç íàïðàâëåíèé ñîâðåìåííîãî ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ, À.Â. Âàøêåâè÷

ØÈËËÅÐ (Schiller) Ôðèäðèõ (1759-1805) - íåìåöêèé ïîýò, ôèëîñîô, ïðîñâåòèòåëü, èñïûòàâøèé íÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ØËÅÃÅËÜ (Schlegel) Ôðèäðèõ (1772-1829) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, ÿçûêîâåä, îäèí èç íàèÈ.Ì. Íàëèâàéêî

ØËÅÉÅÐÌÀÕÅÐ (Sleiermacher) Ôðèäðèõ Ýðíñò Äàíèýëü (1768-1834) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, áîãîñëîâ À.À. Ëåã÷èëèí

ØËÈÊ (Schlick) Ìîðèö (1882- óáèò â 1936) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô, ôèçèê è ëîãèê, ïðîôåññîð âÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ØÌÈTT (Schmitt) Êàðë (1888-1985) - íåìåöêèé ïðàâîâåä, ñîöèîëîã, ïîëèòîëîã. Îäèí èç ñàìûõ ïÂ.È. Áîáðîâè÷

ØÎÂÈÍÈÇÌ (ôð. chauvinisme, â àíãë. âåðñèè - äæèíãîèçì) - íàèáîëåå îäèîçíàÿ ôîðìà íàöèîíàëèÑÞ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ØÎÏÅÍÃÀÓÝÐ (Schopenhauer) Àðòóð (1788-1860) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê ñèñòåìû, ïðË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé

ØÏÅÍÃËÅÐ (Spengler) Îñâàëüä (1880-1936) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü ôèëîñîôèè æèçíè,Â.Í. Ôóðñ

ØÏÅÒ Ãóñòàâ Ãóñòàâîâè÷ (1879-1937) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è èñêóññòâîâåä. Ó÷èëñÿ íà ôèçèêî-ìàòåìÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ØÒÅÉÍÒÀËÜ (Steinthal) Õåéìàí (1823-1899) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ÿçûêîâåä. Îñíîâàòåëü ïñèõîëîÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ØÒÈÐÍÅÐ (Stirner) Ìàêñ (íàñò, èìÿ - Êàñïàð Øìèäò) (1806-1856) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, òåîðåòèêË.Â. Êðèâèöêèé

ØÓÒÖ (Schutz) Âèëüÿì (ð. 1925) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã. Äîêòîð íàóê, ïðîôåññîð. ÏðåïîäàâàëÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ØÞÖ (Schutz) Àëüôðåä (1899 -1959) - àâñòðèéñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, îñíîâàòåëü ôåíîìåíîëîãÃ.Ï. Äàâèäþê

ÙÅÄÐÎÂÈÖÊÈÉ Ãåîðãèé Ïåòðîâè÷ (1929-1994) - ðîññèéñêèé ìåòîäîëîã è ôèëîñîô, îñíîâàòåëü è ëèÂ.Â. Ìàöêåâè÷

ÂÄÅÌÎÍÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. eudamonia - áëàæåíñòâî, ñ÷àñòüå) - ýòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå, òðàêòóþùåå ñ÷àñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÂÎËÞÖÈÎÍÈÇÌ - èñòîðè÷åñêè ïåðâîå òåîðåòè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå â ðàçâèòèè àíòðîïîëîãèè. Ý. ñòÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÝÂÒÀÍÀÇÈß (ãðå÷. åu - õîðîøî, thanatos - ñìåðòü) - ïîíÿòèå, ðàçðàáàòûâàåìîå â êîíòåêñòå ïðÅ.È. ßí÷óê

ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß - ñì. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÝÂÎËÞÖÈß

ÝÃÎ-ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ (ëàò. ego - ÿ è ëàò. processus - ïðîäâèæåíèå) - â ó÷åíèè Ýðèêñîíà, ñîïðÿæåííûéÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÝÃÎÈÇÌ (ëàò. ego - ÿ) - ïðèíöèï æèçíåííîé îðèåíòàöèè è ìîðàëüíîå êà÷åñòâî ÷åëîâåêà, ñâÿçàíÍ.Ã. Ñåâîñòüÿíîâà

ÝÄÈÏΠÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ (ãðå÷. Oedipus - èìÿ äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîãî ìèôè÷åñêîãî ôèâàíñêîãî ãåðîÿ è ëàò. Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

"ÝÄÈÏΠÝÔÔÅÊÒ" - âëèÿíèå èíôîðìàöèè (èëè åäèíèöû èíôîðìàöèè) íà ñèòóàöèþ, ê êîòîðîé ýòà èÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÝÉÄÎÑ (ãðå÷. eidos - âèä, îáðàç, îáðàçåö) - òåðìèí àíòè÷íîé ôèëîñîôèè, ôèêñèðóþùèé ñïîñîá Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÝÊÇÅÃÅÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. exegeomai - èñòîëêîâûâàþ) - 1) - Ðàçäåë ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé (èëè ñèñòåìàòè÷åÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ (ïîçäíåëàò. - ex(s) istentia - ñóùåñòâîâàíèå), èëè ôèëîñîôèÿ ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿÒ.Ì. Òóçîâà

ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ (ëàò. existentia - ñóùåñòâîâàíèå è ãðå÷. analysis - ðàçëîæåíèå, ðàÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÑÈÕÎÀÍÀËÈÇ (ëàò. existentia - ñóùåñòâîâàíèå è ïñèõîàíàëèç) - ïñèõîàíàëèòÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈß - ñì. ÝÊÇÈÑÒÅÍÖÈÀËÈÇÌ

ÝÊÎ (Åñî) Óìáåðòî (ð. 1932) - èòàëüÿíñêèé ñåìèîòèê, ôèëîñîô, ñïåöèàëèñò ïî ñðåäíåâåêîâîé ýÀ.Ð. Óñìàíîâà

"ÝÊÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÅÑÑÈÌÈÇÌ" - íàïðàâëåíèå â ôèëîñîôèè, ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé òåîðèè, ñîöèîëîãèè è ôóÑÞ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ

ÝÊÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. oikos - æèëèùå, ìåñòîïðåáûâàíèå è logos - ó÷åíèå) - ó÷åíèå î âçàèìîîòíîøåíÀ.Â. Áàðêîâñêàÿ

ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈß- îáùåñòâåííàÿ äèñöèïëèíà, èññëåäóþùàÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ýêîíîìè÷åñêîÒ.Í. Ñîêîëîâà

ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒ (ëàò. experimentum - ïðîáà, îïûò) - ìåòîä ýìïèðè÷åñêîãî ïîçíàíèÿ, ïðè ïîìîùè êÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÎÊÐÀÒÈß - ñì. ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ ÝÊÑÏËÈÊÀÖÈß (ëàò. explicatio - ðàçúÿñíåíèå) - óòî÷íÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÝÊÑÒÀÇ (ãðå÷. ekstasis - íàõîæäåíèå âî âíå, ñìåùåíèå, ïðåáûâàíèå âíå ñåáÿ) - ñîñòîÿíèå èçìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÊÑÒÐÀÏÎËßÖÈß (ëàò. extra - ñâåðõ, âíå è polio - âûïðàâëÿþ, èçìåíÿþ) - ëîãèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÝÊÑÒÐÅÌÀËÜÍÀß ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß (ëàò. extremum - êðàéíåå, ïðåäåëüíîå; situatio - ïîëîæåíèå) - ïîíÿòÍ.Ï. Áàðàíîâ

ÝKXAPT(Eckhart) Èîãàíí, Ìàéñòåð Ýêõàðò (1260-1327/ 1328) - íåìåöêèé ñõîëàñò è ôèëîñîô-ìèñòñòâî" îáðàçóåò âîñïðèÿòèÿ. Íà èõ îñíîâå ðàçóì ôîðìèðóåò ïîíÿòèÿ. Ðàçóì, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðîãî ìÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ (ëàò. elementum - ñòèõèÿ, ïåðâîâåùåñòâî; êàëüêà ãðå÷. stoiheia, îò stoihos - ÷ëåíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝËÈÀÄÅ (Eliade) Ìèð÷à (1907-1986) - ðóìûíñêèé ó÷åíûé, àíòðîïîëîã, èñòîðèê ðåëèãèè. Èçó÷àë À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝËÈÒÛ òåîðèè (ôðàíö. elite - ëó÷øåå, îòáîðíîå, èçáðàííîå) - ñîöèàëüíî-ôèëîñîôñêèå, ñîöèîëîÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝËËÞËÜ (Ellul) Æàê (1912-1994) - ôðàíöóçñêèé ôèëîñîô è ñîöèîëîã, ïðîôåññîð óíèâåðñèòåòà â Å.Ì. Áàáîñîâ

ÝÌÀÍÀÖÈß (ïîçäíåëàò. emanatio - èñòå÷åíèå) - òåðìèí íåîïëàòîíèçìà, ôèêñèðóþùèé îíòîëîãè÷åñÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ÝÌÏÅÄÎÊË èç Àêðàãàíòà, Ñèöèëèÿ (490/487/482-430/ 424/423) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô, âðà÷,À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÌÏÈÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. empeiria - îïûò) - íàïðàâëåíèå â òåîðèè ïîçíàíèÿ, ïðèçíàþùåå ÷óâñòâåííûé îÒ.Ã. Ðóìÿíöåâà

ÝÌÏÈÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ è ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ - ïîíÿòèÿ, ïîñðåäñòâîì êîòîðûõ ñîâðåìåííàÿ ìåòîäîëîãèÿ íàóêè È.À. Ìåäâåäåâà

ÝÍÃÅËÜÑ (Engels) Ôðèäðèõ (1820-1895) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô, ñîöèîëîã, ñîîñíîâàòåëü (âìåñòå ñ À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÍÒÅËÅÕÈß - ñì. ÒÅËÅÎËÎÃÈß

ÝÍÒÐÎÏÈß (ãðå÷ en - â, tropia - ïîâîðîò, ïðåâðàùåíèå) - ïîíÿòèå êëàññè÷åñêîé ôèçèêè (ââåäåÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÍÖÈÊËÎÏÅÄÈß (ãðå÷. enkyklios - êðóã, paedia - îáðàçîâàíèå) - ïîíÿòèå åâðîïåéñêîé èíòåëëåêÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÎÍ (ãðå÷. àion - âåê) - ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáîçíà÷àþùåå "âåê", "ïóòü æèçíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÏÈÊÓÐ (341-270 äî í.ý.) - äðåâíåãðå÷åñêèé ôèëîñîô-ìîðàëèñò ýïîõè ýëëèíèçìà, àôèíÿíèí ïî ïÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÝÏÈÑÒÅÌÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. episteme - çíàíèå, logos - ó÷åíèå) - ôèëîñîôñêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêàÿ äèñöÀ.Þ. Áàáàéöåâ

ÝÐÀÇÌ ÐÎÒÒÅÐÄÀÌÑÊÈÉ, Äåçèäåðèé (äåéñòâèòåëüíîå èìÿ Ãåðõàðä Ãåðõàðäñ) (1469-1536) - âûäàþùèÀ.À. Êðóãëîå

ÝPÈKCOH (Erikson) Ýðèê (1902 - 1994) - àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, ñîöèîëîã è ïñèõîàíàëèòèê. ÎñÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÝÐÍ Âëàäèìèð Ôðàíöåâè÷ (1882-1917) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô è ïóáëèöèñò. Èçó÷àë ôèëîñîôèþ â ÌîñêîÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÝÐÎÑ (ãðå÷. eros - ëþáîâü) - 1) ìèôîëîãè÷åñêîå îëèöåòâîðåíèå ëþáâè è ñåêñóàëüíîñòè, 2) ïåðÂ.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî

ÝÑÒÅÒÈÊÀ - òåðìèí, ðàçðàáîòàííûé è ñïåöèôèöèðîâàííûé À.Ý. Áàóìãàðòåíîì â òðàêòàòå "AesthetÎ.Í. Êóêðàê

ÝÑÕÀÒÎËÎÃÈß (ãðå÷. eschatos - ïîñëåäíèé è logos - ó÷åíèå) - ðåëèãèîçíîå ó÷åíèå î êîíöå èñòÀ.Í. Øóìàí

ÝÒÈÊÀ (ãðå÷. ethos - íðàâ, îáû÷àé, ïðèâû÷êà) - ïðîáëåìíàÿ ñôåðà ôèëîñîôèè (ôèëîñîôñêàÿ äèñÍ.Ã. Ñåâîñòüÿíîâà

ÝÒÍÎÌÅÒÎÄÎËÎÃÈß - (ethòî - íàðîä, metod - ìåòîäû, logy - 'èññëåäîâàíèå; áóêâàëüíî - "ó÷åíèÂ.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ÝÒÍÎÑ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä) - ìåæïîêîëåííàÿ ãðóïïà ëþäåé, îáúåäèíåííàÿ äëèÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÝÒÍÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä è ëàò. centrum - ñðåäîòî÷èå, öåíòð) - ñâÑ.Þ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ.

ÝÒÍÎÑ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä) - ìåæïîêîëåííàÿ ãðóïïà ëþäåé, îáúåäèíåííàÿ äëèÏ.Â. Òåðåøêîâè÷

ÝÒÍÎÖÅÍÒÐÈÇÌ (ãðå÷. ethnos - ãðóïïà, ïëåìÿ, íàðîä è ëàò. centrum - ñðåäîòî÷èå, öåíòð) - ñâÑÞ. Ñîëîäîâíèêîâ.

ÝÒÎÑ (ãðå÷. îáû÷àé, íðàâ, õàðàêòåð) - 1) òåðìèí äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè, îáîçíà÷àþùèé ñîÑ.Â. Âîðîáüåâà

ÝÔÈÐ (ãðå÷. aither - ñëîé âîçäóõà íàä îáëàêàìè) - ïîíÿòèå äðåâíåãðå÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè (ÀíàêñÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÞÌ (Hume) Äýâèä (1711-1776) - áðèòàíñêèé äèïëîìàò, èñòîðèê, ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò ýïîõè ÏðîñâÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÞÍà (Jung) Êàðë Ãóñòàâ (1875-1961) - øâåéöàðñêèé ïñèõîàíàëèòèê, ïñèõèàòð, êóëüòóðîëîã. ÎñíÀ. À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÞÍÃÅÐ (Junger) Ýðíñò (1895-1998) - íåìåöêèé ìûñëèòåëü è ôèëîñîô. Ó÷àñòíèê Ïåðâîé (14 ðàíåíÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÞÐÊÅÂÈ× Ïàìôèë Äàíèëîâè÷ (1827-1874) - ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Êèåâñêîé ôèëîñîôñêî-À.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÞÑÒÈÍ ôèëîñîô (Þ.-ìó÷åíèê) (Iustin) (óì. îê. 165) - ðàííåõðèñòèàíñêèé áîãîñëîâ è ôèëîñîô, Ñ.Ë. Ëåïèí

ß - ôóíäàìåíòàëüíàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ôèëîñîôñêèõ êîíöåïöèé ëè÷íîñòè, âûðàæàþùàÿ ðåôëåêñèâíî îñîçíÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ßÇÛÊ - ñëîæíàÿ ðàçâèâàþùàÿñÿ ñåìèîòè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà, ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñêèì è óíèâåðñàëüíêàê "èñòîðèÿ ñëîâîâåùåé" (X. Øóõàðäò). Îêîí÷àòåëüíîå îôîðìëåíèå êëàññè÷åñêîé ïàðàäèãìû â èñòîðåñëè ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê êëàññè÷åñêîé òðàäèöèè òðàêòîâêè ß. ôèëîñîôñêîå îñìûñëåíèå ÿçûêîâûõ ôåíîìåÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ßÇÛÊ ÈÑÊÓÑÑÒÂÀ - îäíî èç âàæíåéøèõ ïðîáëåìíûõ ïîëåé ñîâðåìåííîé ôèëîñîôèè èñêóññòâà, êîíñòÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ßÇÛÊÎÂÛÅ ÈÃÐÛ - ïîíÿòèå ñîâðåìåííîé íåêëàññè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè ÿçûêà, ôèêñèðóþùåå ðå÷åâûå ñèÌ.À. Ìîæåéêî

ßÇÛ×ÅÑÒÂÎ - òåîëîãè÷åñêèé òåðìèí, êîíñòèòóèðîâàííûé â ðàìêàõ äóàëüíîé îïïîçèöèè "òåèçì (â Ì.À. Ìîæåéêî

ßÊÎÂÅÍÊÎ Áîðèñ Âàëåíòèíîâè÷ (1884-1949) ðóññêèé ôèëîñîô, ïóáëèöèñò. Ó÷èëñÿ âî Ôðàíöèè - â Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ßÍ è ÈÍÜ - âçàèìíîñîïðÿæåííûå ïîíÿòèÿ äðåâíåêèòàéñêîé ôèëîñîôñêîé øêîëû äàîñèçìà, à òàêæå

ßÑÈÍÑÊÈÉ Þçåô (âò. ïîë 18 â. - 1833) - ïðîñâåòèòåëü, àíòðîïîëîã, ìåäèê. Ó÷èëñÿ â ÂèëåíñêîìÝ.Ê. Äîðîøåâè÷, Â.Ë. Àáóøåíêî

ßÑÏÅÐÑ (Jaspers) Êàðë (1883-1969) - íåìåöêèé ôèëîñîô è ïñèõèàòð, îäèí èç ñîçäàòåëåé ýêçèñòÀ.À. Ãðèöàíîâ

ÊÀÏÏÀÄÎÊÈÉÑÊÀß ØÊÎËÀ - íàïðàâëåíèå çðåëîé ïàòðèñòèêè (4 â.), âîçíèêøåå â êà÷åñòâå ðåàêöèè À.È. Øêëÿðåâñêèé

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÑÒÅÐÅÎÒÈÏ (ãðå÷. stereos - òåëåñíûé, òâåðäûé, îáúåìíûé, ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûé è typoÄ.Ì. Áóëûíêî