خمسة مواضيعالجغرافيا

Absolute location allows us to pinpoint the exact location of any point on the surface of the earth using latitude and longitude or a grid system

موقع

Relative location refers to the way a place is perceived and how that place relates to other places. Can be measured in terms of time--

“twenty minutes away” Important for decision-making.

Alaska is closer to Russia than it is to the “lower 48,” but that is not how we perceive it.

English descriptive notation (absolute location)

Decisions about where to moveare based on relative location.

Absolute Location

Relative Location

Our perceptions are based on relative location.

A college student deciding where to live in the coming year

Deciding where to locate a new grocery store

Deciding where to locate an automobile manufacturing plant

Deciding where to place a new elementary school

Physical characteristics of place: Topography تضاريس

مكان

Physical characteristics of place: Climate مناخ

Physical characteristics of place: Vegetation الحياة النباتية

Human characteristics of place:

Agriculture زراعة

Human characteristics of place: Architecture لهندسة المعماريةا

Human characteristics of place: Religion دين

Human characteristics of place:

Economics علم االقتصاد

livelihoods Levels of development

The region is the basic unit of geographic study Criteria for defining regions depends on the geographer’s

purpose. One place can be part of several different regions.

Texas, US, and World culture regions

منطقة

Formal regions are based on some common feature.

The Corn Belt

Political entities

Where Islam dominates

Functional regions (also called nodal regions) are created by movement.

Austin metropolitan area

Eanes attendance areaAmazon River Basin

Perceptual regions exist in people’s minds.

Humans adapt to their physical environment.

clothing stylesBuilding materials

التفاعلبين اإلنسان والبيئة

Humans modify their environment.

Terracing for rice farming

Open-pit mine

Human interaction with the environment can have important consequences.

Physical processes, people, goods, and ideas move across the earth’s surface.

The geographer is concerned with the effects of this movement.

حركة

They give us a “geographic lens” through which to view the world.

Every unit of study this year will focus in some way on these themes.