1

/ Alston TsengGreen Product Support,

2

Outline

Halogen-free ()REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals,)PAHs ()PFOS ()

3

Halogen-free: /PVC EPEAT:(Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool)

PAHs: ; GS MarkPAHs PFOS:(PFOS), : Sandra, Rosa, Astro, Nikki REACH: Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals EuP:(Directive of Eco-design Requirements of Energy-

using Products) GHG: Green House Gas RoHS 2.0: ,

1. Halogen-free2. EPEAT3. PAHs4. PFOS5. POHS (pending)6. EuP (pending)

1. REACH2. Halogen-free3. GHG4. EuP

2008 2009

RoHS 2.0

2010

1. WEEE(2005)2. RoHS (2006)3. EPEAT(2006)4. China RoHS

(2007)

2006 ~ 2007

4

Halogen-free

5

What are Halogens ()Halogens are defined as an elements in group VIIA of the periodic Table that are included Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br), Iodine(I), Astatine(At)

Fluorine[F()], Chlorine[Cl()], Bromine[Br()], Iodine[l()], Astatine[At()]

Halogen Family

LiH

NaK

RbCsFa

MgBe

CaSrBaRa

YSc

LaZrTi

HfNbV

TaMoCr

WTeMn

ReRuFe

OsThCo

IrPdNi

PtAgCu

AuCdZn

Hg

AlB

GaInTl

SiC

GeSnPb

PN

AsSbBi

SO

SeTePo

ClF

BrI

At

NeHe

ArKrXeRn

CeTh

Pr NdU

Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

6

Why are Halogens used?

W/O FRs W/I FRs

UL

The function of Halogen is used for Flame Retardants (FRs; ). The major FRs are (BFRs)(CFRs)

7

The Impact of Halogens to Environment

Environmental Environmental HormoneHormone

(())

BioBio--CumulationCumulation(())

Incomplete combustion of halogens creates

Dioxin

HazardousHazardousto Generationto Generation(())

Food ChainFood Chain(())

Water, Soil, AirWater, Soil, AirPollutionPollution

((,,,,))

EOLEOL

8

Drivers for Removal of Halogens

Greenpeace () strongly ask PC brand companies to eliminate using (BFRs) & (PVC) in products

Certain BFRs are toxic (RoHS: PBBs, PBDEs) Structural similarities between many BFRs Precautionary principle applied to all BFRs

EOL combustion byproducts Incomplete combustion of halogens creates dioxin Prevalent in uncontrolled burning

Concern by some stakeholders over environmental and human health impacts

9

Where are Halogens in Electronic?

Mechanical plastic parts

Cables

Printed circuit boards

Electronic components

Connectors

Halogens (Brominated Flame Retardants & PVC) are used in plastic parts

10

Challenges of Halogen-free

Technical The comprehensive evaluation for BFR-Free

PCB is not completed

Availability of alternative materials LCP Halogen-free resin PC+ABS, PC Easy to meet halogen-free PA9T, PA66, PA 46, PBT, PP, ABS, TPE

Difficult to meet halogen-free PVC alternative is not ready all applications

11

Challenges of Halogen-free (contd)

Reliability: Thermal cycling, Drop, VibrationSupply Chain Scalability Large volume capacity still lacking for many

components: PCBs, connectors, external cables, ICs The alternative materials are limited

Cost up Chemical test technology Difficult for XRF to detect lower concentration Chlorine

due to no standard sample and suitable filter

12

Selection Criteria for HF Alternatives

Alternative materials must meet or exceed existing performance requirements established for halogenated materials: Environmental requirements Mechanical properties Electrical properties Safety: Flammability rating (UL 94 V0/1/2) Reliability performance: Thermal cycling

Procurement Meet cost targets Available in high volumes to meet product demands

13

REACH

14

What is REACH?

REACH; Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals. It entered into force on 1st June 2007 to streamline and improve the former legislative framework on chemicals of the European Union (EU).

In principle REACH applies to all chemicals: not only chemicals used in industrial processes but also in our day-to-day life, for example in cleaning products, paints as well as in articles such as clothes, furniture and electrical appliances.

15

Key Requirements of REACH

RegistrationProduce/import chemicals grater than 1ton/yearSubstances in Articles* (SIA) intended for release and grater than 1 ton/year

*: toner, ink cartridge, scented candlesPre-registration: 2008/June ~ November, Minimum information and cost

Articles:

16

Key Requirements of REACH (contd)

Information Disclosure:Inform customer if SVHC (Substance Very High Concern) in articles grater than 0.1%

17

SVHC (16 substances)() ()

Anthracene ,

4,4'- Diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-

Dibutyl phthalate ;

Benzyl butyl phthalate ;

Bis (2-ethyl(hexyl)phthalate) (DEHP) ; (2-);

Cyclododecane ,

Cobalt dichloride (),

Diarsenic pentaoxide

Diarsenic trioxide ; ;

Triethyl arsenate ;

Sodium dichromate, dihydrate ,

5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene(musk xylene)

2,4,6--3,3--5-1-(1,1-)-3,5--2,4,6-

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD)

Alkanes, C10-13, chloro (Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins) C10-13 ;

Bis(tributyltin)oxide ;

Lead hydrogen arsenate

Used in PVC

18

Finding from REACH Survey

Critical SVHC: DEHPDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; DBP (Dibutyl phthalate); BBP (Benzyl butyl, phthalate);

Critical parts: Parts using PVC, such power cord, Power

supply, Adapter, Fan,

19

References

REACH

http://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/lp?ctNode=59

http://www.chemnet.com.tw/reach/

European Chemicals Agency ( ECHA )

http://echa.europa.eu/

http://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/lp?ctNode=59http://www.chemnet.com.tw/reach/http://echa.europa.eu/

20

PAHs

21

GS mark20071120AtAVPAHs()200841

PAHs()

GS mark & PAHs

22

PAHs

PAHs

PAHsPAHsPAHs

23

PAHs

Source: Intertek

24

PAHs

PAH(LFGB)3031200582(GPSG)4

Source: Intertek

25

PFOS

26

(PFOS)2006/122/EC(PFOS)2008627REACHPFOS

PFOS0.005% (50ppm)0.1% (1000ppm)1g/m2

PFOS

27

PFOSPFOS PFOS,,,,2 PPMPFOS!!

PFOSPFOS:

: PFOS

: PFOS

PFOS

28

Thanks for your attention

OutlineHalogen-freeWhat are Halogens ()Why are Halogens used?The Impact of Halogens to EnvironmentDrivers for Removal of HalogensWhere are Halogens in Electronic?Challenges of Halogen-freeChallenges of Halogen-free (contd)Selection Criteria for HF AlternativesREACHWhat is REACH?Key Requirements of REACHKey Requirements of REACH (contd)SVHC (16 substances)Finding from REACH SurveyReferencesPAHsPAHsPFOSPFOSPFOS