b.munier, ph.d. globalization, regionalization & particularisms bruno munier, ph.d

B.Munier, Ph.D.

GLOBALIZATION, GLOBALIZATION, REGIONALIZATION & REGIONALIZATION &

PARTICULARISMSPARTICULARISMS

Bruno Munier, Ph.D.Bruno Munier, Ph.D.

B.Munier, Ph.D.

A process:

Growing interactions (trade, finance, security, ecology, culture, demography …)

growing interdependence (affects sovereignty)

complication of “global” relations ( new stakes must be perceived in their globality and multi-dimensional reality)

faster (& faster) pace of change (exponential acceleration)

GLOBALIZATION : DEFINITIONGLOBALIZATION : DEFINITION& PARTICULARITIES& PARTICULARITIES

B.Munier, Ph.D.

Globalization is a new phenomenon that deeply change the whole world society. It is not limited to the Economy or the Market, This is a process (set of interactions => dynamics) that can be summarized as the multiplication of exchanges, of all sort & nature, generating growing growing interdependenceinterdependence between a growingly growingly complex set of actorscomplex set of actors..


A Multi-dimensional Process

B.Munier, Ph.D.

Multidimentionality: Globalization is:• an economic process (with the growing integration of world market and

finance, phenomenon that stimulates competition between the various economic actors)

• a social process (as it affects cultures, encourages demographic streams)

• a techno-scientific process (progress, as will be later developed, is the source of globalization as it facilitates communications of all sorts and competition, even if technological skills and knowledge is not evenly spread)

• a juridical process (IGOs actively participates even if in some cases or areas still greatly insufficiently to the normalization of rules affecting trade, contracts, employment, conflicts between nations or partners…)

• a political process (as it affects States’sovereignty, role and mission, and global geopolitics): “Global System” in place of “International System”


B.Munier, Ph.D.


The roots of globalization:

exponential acceleration of the techno-scientific progress, ever & ever faster

dissemination of its use by larger amount of people

&

liberalization of the World Order

Due to political want & the exponential development of the means of communication

(transport, telecommunication, Internet…)

B.Munier, Ph.D.


Technology & science (R&D)

+

Capacity & Want to communicate

(exchange, competition)

=

are the keys for development

Communication Competition

Competitiveness & readiness

Adaptation-Reactivity

B.Munier, Ph.D.

Acceleration of the technological innovations cycles & of the dissemination of progress:

Electricity Chemistry TV Satellites Computer PC Cellular PhoneTelephone Automobile

1870 1900 1950 1970 1980 1990

Contribute to improve communication& reduce distances


B.Munier, Ph.D.

The process of liberalization a new post-WW2 World Order:• New Geopolitical Order

• Institutionalization of International Relations

• promotion of free trade,

• + monetary and financial stability

as source of development, peace & security

Post WW2 institutionalization: (NIPO & NIEO)Post WW2 institutionalization: (NIPO & NIEO)

UNO (1945),

IMF + BIRD (1944) + IMS (Bretton Woods)

GATT (1947) WTO (1995)


Result: creation of an environment favorable to the development of trade

B.Munier, Ph.D.

Liberalization: securing Free Trade:2 steps: - IMS & the GATT explosion of trade & invest *

trlateralization- end of the cold war the end of bipolarization permits a redefinition of priorities and a generalization of liberalism

+The “newly integrated economies” (NIC…)


Acceleration of trade, financial & technological flows:

Explosion of imports: 1950 = exportations: 100; 1990 = 2000

production: 100; 500

World Trade = 1978 9% Wd GDP

1998 24%

2005 28% (2000 prev.) WTO 2000

Geoeconomic complication :

The N/S rift?

B.Munier, Ph.D.

new economic policy priorities:

Trade & export strategies Attraction / FDI

PrivatizationDelocalization


The quest for competitiveness

B.Munier, Ph.D.

Nowadays, no country nor group of any kind can shut itself off from others:

the world community is growingly characterized by its

Globality

we must here make (with BECK) a distinction with another concept :

GLOBALISM that illustrates “the view that the world market eliminates

or supplants political action” (the end of politics!), which proved to be wrong!

In contradiction with the multi-dimension perspective

adaptation of the perception ( / stakes)

New « adapted » answers ( / global security, development, ecology…)

Must square with the Globality and complexity of the presentday World System


B.Munier, Ph.D.

GLOBALIZATION and DISPARITYGLOBALIZATION and DISPARITY

Economic and financial disparities

B.Munier, Ph.D.


B.Munier, Ph.D.


World Trade

B.Munier, Ph.D.


GNP / capita

B.Munier, Ph.D.


HDI

B.Munier, Ph.D.


Growth divergences

B.Munier, Ph.D.

Bipolarity, multipolarity, unipolarity?

The World OrderThe World Order

b.munier, ph.d. globalization, regionalization & particularisms bruno munier, ph.d

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