Caused by fungal infections and results in itchy, red, peeling skin between the toes Boils are inflammations of hair follicles and sebaceous glands Carbuncles are boils caused by bacterial infection (usually Staphylococcus aureus) Small, fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by herpes simplex virus. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve where it remain dormant until activated by fever, UV radiation, or stress. Usually seen around the lips and in the mouth. *There is no cure for cold sores. Symptoms are treated to keep the individual comfortable. Sometimes exposure of the skin to chemicals (like those found in posion ivy and poison oak) provokes allergic responses in individuals. Symptoms include itching, redness, and swelling of the skin that progresses to blistering. Caused by a highly contagious Staphylococcus infection, it leads to pink, water-filled, raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture. Located most commonly around the mouth and nose. Very common in elementary- aged children. Psoriasis is a chronic condition characterized by reddened lesions and covered with dry, silvery scales. Its cause is unknown, although it has been determined to be hereditary in some cases. Attacks are triggered by stress, trauma, infection, and hormonal changes. When skin is injured, flat scar tissue forms. Keloids are scars that dont know when to stop. Scar tissue in the form of collagen continues to form on top of the original, flat scar tissue. They extend beyond the boundaries of the injury site, and can be itchy, tender, or painful to the touch. Treatment varies from cryotherapy (which leaves discoloration), lasers, radiation, and cortisone injections to help reduce inflammation and flatten the keloid. Lice are parasitic insects that can be found on people's heads, and bodies, including the pubic area. Human lice survive by feeding on human blood. Lice found on each area of the body are different from each other. The three types of lice that live on humans are: Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse, clothes louse), and Pthirus pubis ("crab" louse, pubic louse). Head lice infest the head and neck and attach their eggs to the base of the hair shaft. Lice move by crawling; they cannot hop or fly. Lice know no socioeconomic status; ANYONE can become infected. Body lice live and lay eggs on clothing and only move to the skin to feed. Usually occurs as a result of poor hygiene. Pubic lice typically are found attached to hair in the pubic area but sometimes are found on coarse hair elsewhere on the body (for example, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustache, chest, armpits, etc.). Contracted during sexual transmission. A burn is tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, or certain chemicals, like acids. Classified according to the depth of the burn: First, second, or third degree burns A quick way to estimate how much of the body surface is burned. The body is divided into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body surface area, plus an additional area surrounding the genitals representing 1%. Only the epidermis is burned. The area becomes red and swollen and usually heals in about 2-3 days without special attention. Involve injury to epidermis and the upper region of the dermis. The skin becomes red and painful, and blisters appear. Since sufficient numbers of epithelial cells are still present, regeneration of the epithelium can still occur. No scarring will be present if care to prevent infection is taken. Destroy the entire thickness of the skin; also known as full-thickness burns. Burned area appears blanched (gray- white) or blackened, and since the nerve endings are destroyed, the burned area is not painful. Regeneration of tissue is not possible, and skin grafts are required to cover the exposed tissue. A skin graft is a surgical procedure in which a piece of skin is transplanted from one area to another. Taking the graft from the injured person makes rejection of the tissue unlikely. Most skin tumors are benign and do not metastasize (spread) to other areas of the body. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer found in humans. Predisposing factors that lead to cancer include: overexposure to UV radiation, physical trauma, and frequent irritation of the skin by chemicals or infections. Least malignant and most common type of skin cancer. Cells of the stratum basale reproduce quickly and invade the dermal layer and subcutaneous tissue. It is a slow growing cancer, and surgically removing the lesion results in 99% cancer-free individuals. Appears on sun exposed areas as a shiny nodule that develops a pearly beaded edge. Comes from cells in the stratum spinosum layer. The lesion appears as scaly red papules (small rounded elevations) that gradually form shallow ulcers with a firm, raised border. Appears most often on scalp, ears, lower lip, and back of the hands. It grows rapidly and spreads quickly to nearby lymph nodes if not removed. If caught early, surgical removal and/or radiation therapy results in high probability of cancer-free patients. Is a cancer of melanocytes and accounts for 5% of all skin cancers. Some develop from pigmented moles and it appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes quickly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels. Survival rate is 50% and is often deadly. Most common cancer in individuals 25-29, and is the second most common cancer in year olds. (A) Asymmetry the two sides of the pigmented spot/mole do not match. (B) Border irregularity the borders of the lesion are not smooth, but exhibit indentations (C ) Color Pigmented spot contains areas of different colors (blacks, browns, tans, and sometimes blues and reds) (D) Diameter Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter (size of a pencil eraser) Sunscreen and sunblock are not the same, though many sun protection lotions use elements of both. By suspending tiny particles of organic and inorganic compounds in a lotion, the suns ultraviolet ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION BLOCK: Inorganic compounds Such as the metals zinc or titanium oxide - are used to reflect UV radiation. The inorganic compounds in sunblock remain opaque. SCREEN: Organic compounds such as octyl methoxycinnamate or oxybenzone - absorb UV radiation. Over time, excessive sun exposure may result in lasting patches of discoloration called sun spots. These marks are also referred to as age or liver spots, though they may have little to do with age and nothing at all to do with the liver. They're often brown or gray and accompany other signs of sun damage, such as wrinkles and dry, thinning skin. Frequent exfoliation and creams can help, but it can take up to 10 weeks to see results.