-cerebellumlecture

7/27/2019 -cerebellumlecture

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Cerebellum

M1 CNS Sequence

Peter Hitchcock, Ph.D.

Winter, 2009


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The topic of today s lecture is the cerebellum. The principalfunction of the cerebellum is to coordinate goal-directed andspontaneous movements, including eye movements, and regulateposture.

I. Gross anatomy of the cerebellumII. Internal cellular anatomy and synaptic connections (circuitry)III. Functional organization (3 functional domains)

a. vestibulocerebellumb. spinocerebellum (2 subdivisions)c. cerebrocerebellum

IV. Motor learning and plasticityV. Clinical aspects of the cerebellumVI. The cerebellum and cognitionVII. Blood supply to the cerebellum


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A schematic model of the motor system. The cerebellum inuencesmovements via connections to both the brainstem and cerebral cortex

Source Undetermined


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GENERAL FEATURES:

The cerebellum regulates the following 5 functions:

1) muscle tone2) coordination of goal directed and spontaneous movements3) posture and balance3) eye movements4) motor learning5) some cognitive functions (e.g., language acquisition)

Each hemisphere of the cerebellum inuences motor activity on theipsilateral half of the body

The cerebellum compares the motor plan (intent) created in the cortexwith motor performance (reported from the periphery) and functions tosmoothen and coordinate the movements. This is accomplished by makingsynaptic contacts with the brainstem motor centers and the cerebralhemispheres.


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cerebellar white matter

cerebellar cortex

lobules andfolia

Source Undetermined


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medulla

vermis

basal pons

hemisphere

oculo-nodular lobeoculo-nodular lobe

Source Undetermined


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there are three pairs ofnuclei that lie within thecerebellar white matter,

known as the deepcerebellar nuclei :

(from lateral to medial) dentate emboliform

globose fastigial

interposed nucleus

Gray s Anatomy

(Emboliform, globose, fastigial nuclei visible but not labeled)


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cross section through a portion of a single folium

climbing bers originate from the contralateral inferior olive

mossy bers originate from all other afferents that enter the cerebellum

the cerebellum has three cellular layers (plus underlying white matter)

there are three kinds of neurons in the cortex, Purkinje cell, granule cell,and interneurons (3 types)

Source Undetermined


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superior - mostly efferentmiddle - afferentinferior - mostly afferent

inferior oliveSource Undetermined


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The cerebellum is supplied by vesselsthat branch from the basilar artery - superior cerebellar arteries anterior inferior cerebellar arteries posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Hanes. Fundamental Neuroscience. Churchill Livingstone, 2002. 2 nd ed.


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blood supply longitudinal, functional domains

Source Undetermined


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motor cortex

spinal cord

spinal cord

inner ear

The cerebellum is believed to be the neural substrate criticalto learning complex motor skills, e.g., riding a bike;professional musicians

Summary diagram of the inputs and outputs of the cerebellum

INPUTS

Source Undetermined


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Loss of cerebellar functiondoes not produce paralysisor the inability to initiate amovement. Rather,cerebellar diseaseproduces disturbances inthe coordination and necontrol of movements andposture.

Imagedemonstrating

loss of

cerebellarfunctionremoved


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Basal ganglia

Cerebellum

Source Undetermined


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Additional Source Informationfor more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy

Slide 5: Source UndeterminedSlide 7: Source UndeterminedSlide 8: Source UndeterminedSlide 9: Source UndeterminedSlide 10: Source UndeterminedSlide 11: Gray s AnatomySlide 12: Source UndeterminedSlide 13: Source UndeterminedSlide 14: Source UndeterminedSlide 15: Source UndeterminedSlide 16: Hanes. Fundamental Neuroscience. Churchill Livingstone, 2002. 2 nd ed.Slide 17: Source UndeterminedSlide 18: Source UndeterminedSlide 20: Source Undetermined

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