CompetitionPredation

Symbiosis: * parasitism * mutualism *commensalism

Intraspecific competition competition between the same speciesExploitation competition competing species have roughly equal access to a specific resource but differ in how fast or efficiently they exploit itThe faster you eat the more you get!.

Interspecific competition occurs when parts of the fundamental niches of different species overlap.Interference competition one species may limit anothers access to some resource Defend territory release chemicals, chase away, stinging

How Species Interact

Species must.a. migrate to another areab. shift its feeding habits or behavior through natural selection and evolutionc. become extinct in that area

Some plants displace others by having leaf and root systems that allow them to absorb more sunlight and soil nutrients than their competition.Other plants produce chemicals that inhibit the growth or germination of seeds of competing species.

Two species that require the same resource cannot coexist indefinitely in an ecosystem in which there is not enough of that resource to meet the needs of both species.

Fundamental niche: the potential ecological niche that an organism could have if there were no competition from other species.Realized niche: the life style that an organism actually pursues because of competition from other species.

Resource PartitioningCharacter Displacement

Ways to get lunch pursuit, ambushHow to get awayProtective mechanisms run fast, keen eye sight Camouflage, Chemical warfareWarning coloration MimicryBehavioral strategiesProtection from living in large groups

Fig. 5-2, p. 103Stepped Art

Pathogenor infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.

Predator: an animal that naturally preys on others.

Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism

Figure 5.2Some ways in which prey species avoid their predators: (a, b) camouflage, (ce) chemical warfare, (d, e) warning coloration, (f) mimicry, (g) deceptive looks, and (h) deceptive behavior.