© copyright 2013 - 2017 ontario swimming officials’ association february 2015 judge of stroke,...

© Copyright 2013 - 2017 Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association

February 2015

JUDGE OF STROKE, INSPECTOR OF TURNS & HEAD LANE TIMEKEEPER

© Copyright 2013 - 2017Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association

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Judge of Stroke

Stroke Judge

Turn Judge

Judge of Turns

Inspector of Turns

Chief Inspector of Turns

For your information …

Strokes and Turns Judge


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The Judge of Stroke


Function of Judge of Stroke

Inspect the technique of the competitorObserve the turns and the finishes to assist the inspector of turnsNote all infractions, report infractions to RefereeIf directed by the Referee, report any disqualification to the Technical Advisor (TA) if a Para swimmer is involvedWithin 15 minutes shall inform the competitor and/ or coach (if so instructed by the Referee) May be assigned extra duty of assisting judging relay take-overs

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Turns Judge

Judge of Stroke

Judge of Stroke


Function of Inspector of TurnsObserve the swimmer:

Commencing from the beginning of the last armstroke before touching and ending with the completion of the first armstroke after turning

During the “touch”

Note all infractionsReport all infractions to the Referee (and TA if a Para swimmer, if so instructed by the Referee)Within 15 minutes following the race shall inform the competitor and/ or coach of the disqualification (if so instructed by the Referee) Operate lap-counters at turn end for 800/1500s if requested by swimmer, coach, or Referee

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Turns Judges

Judge of Stroke

Judge of Stroke

However …


8Strokes and Turns Judge

When serving as both you should be positioned to move between

the side and the end of the pool.

When serving as both you should be positioned to move between

the side and the end of the pool.


9Strokes and Turns Judge

More typical is to find Strokes and

Turns Judges observing the turn

end of the pool.

More typical is to find Strokes and

Turns Judges observing the turn

end of the pool.


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Head Lane Timekeeper

A Head Lane Timekeeper is a Timer

who is also

Strokes and Turns Certified.


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Chief Timekeeper

AssistantChief Timekeeper

{{{{{

{Timers

Timers

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StrokesAndTurns

MarshallingArea


Judge of Stroke

Judge of Stroke


Responsibilities:Checking the swimmer’s name for each heat

Checking that swimmers are competing in relays in the order stated on the card or lane sheet

Taking splits – ensuring that 3 times (splits) are taken on the first leg of a relay

Ringing the bell on distance events

Judge relay take-over

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These are duties which the Head Lane Timekeeper

may assign prior to the start of the meet.

These are duties which the Head Lane Timekeeper

may assign prior to the start of the meet.


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Head Lane TimekeeperAdditional Responsibilities:

Ensuring no one touches the timing pads

Ensure 3 manual times are collected for swimmers in senior events and for swimmers with disabilities

Long Distance Events (800m and 1500m events): Verify completed lengths with Chief Timekeeper Ensure split time for each lap is recorded Bell is rung:

With 2 lengths + 5 meters remaining Over the right hand lane marker Continuously from wall approach to the backstroke

flags


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DisqualificationsAt A Carded Meet

DQ

DQ is written clearly across the front

of the card by the Referee

Filling out the Card


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Disqualifications at a Carded Meet

1:25 pmNon-simultaneous touch at the turn

Bob Marley

at 50 m

On the back of the card:Write the time of the infractionWrite the distance at which the infraction occurredUse correct wording to describe the infractionSign the card; Print your name


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Disqualification Form at a Cardless Meet

At cardless meets: Typically a form with specific locations to be

completed Including:

The Event, Heat and Lane number Swimmer’s name and club name The time of the infraction The distance at which infraction occurred Use correct wording to describe infraction Sign the card

Present to Referee and if so directed by the Referee to the TA if a Para swimmer

Ensure swimmer or coach has been told and record the time


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Did you know?

Swimmer may … Stop and stand on the bottom of the pool

only in freestyle Hang on to the lane rope (to catch their

breath) only in freestyle


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However

Swimmer may not … Walk on the bottom of the pool Push off from the bottom of the pool Pull on the lane markers Come back under the lane rope if they have

moved to an incorrect lane


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Overview of all StrokesThe StartThe StrokeThe Turn


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Overview of all Strokes

Note: The rules are extensively modified for Para Swimming. Please refer to the Para Rule

Book or the IPC website for their rule modifications.


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For Masters Swimming, the following general rule applies.


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Masters Swimming Only

Strokes

CMSW 2.1.6 The Referee should note that some Masters swimmers through age or infirmity, may be unable to adhere strictly to the technicalities of the rules, such as symmetry in breaststroke. In these cases, the theory of illegally gaining an unfair advantage shall apply before a disqualification is declared. The swimmer shall be responsible for notifying the Session Referee of any such infirmity before the start of the race.


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Breaststroke SW 7

The Start

Head must break the surface of the water by the time the arms have reached the widest portion

of the second arm pull. Each stroke cycle must contain one pull and one kick in that order. During each cycle some part of the

swimmer’s head must break the surface of the water.

Head must break the surface of the water by the time the arms have reached the widest portion

of the second arm pull. Each stroke cycle must contain one pull and one kick in that order. During each cycle some part of the

swimmer’s head must break the surface of the water.


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Breaststroke SW 7Butterfly during Start/Turn

1. 2.

Note: Swimmer does not have to be submerged during butterfly any more!

A butterfly kick is NOT part of the breaststroke cycle and is ONLY permitted after the start and after each turn: 1. At any time prior to the first breaststroke kick, a single butterfly kick

is permitted. 2. Must be followed by a breaststroke kick


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The Stroke

Breaststroke


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The Stroke

Breaststroke


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The Stroke

The arm pull must not go beyond the hips (except for the first underwater pull).

The arm pull must not go beyond the hips (except for the first underwater pull).

Breaststroke


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The Stroke

Breaststroke

The elbows shall remain under the water except for ….

The elbows shall remain under the water except for ….

… the final stroke before the turn, during the turn and for the final stroke at the finish.

… the final stroke before the turn, during the turn and for the final stroke at the finish.


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Watch that the head surfaces once per stroke cycle. There must not be any water flowing over the head.

Watch that the head surfaces once per stroke cycle. There must not be any water flowing over the head.

The Stroke

Breaststroke


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Watch that the feet are turned outward in the backward movement.

Watch that the feet are turned outward in the backward movement.

The Stroke

Breaststroke


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The Stroke

Breaststroke


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The Stroke

Breaststroke


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The Stroke

Breaststroke


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One more time …

Watch that all movements of the arms are simultaneous and in the same horizontal plane.

Watch that all movements of the arms are simultaneous and in the same horizontal plane.

The Stroke

Breaststroke


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Watch for a simultaneous two hand touch with hands that must be separated.


The Turn

Head may be submerged.

Head may be submerged.

Breaststroke


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The Turn

Breaststroke

After the two hand touch and before leaving the wall on the breast, the swimmer may turn in any

manner they like.

After the two hand touch and before leaving the wall on the breast, the swimmer may turn in any

manner they like.


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The Turn

Breaststroke


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The Turn

Breaststroke


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The Turn

Breaststroke

Watch for any alternating movement.

One more time …

A butterfly kick is NOT part of the breaststroke cycle and is ONLY permitted after the start and after each turn: 1. At any time prior to the first breaststroke kick, a single butterfly kick

is permitted. 2. Must be followed by a breaststroke kick


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Questions?

Breaststroke


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Backstroke SW 6

The Start

The head must have broken the surface not more than 15m after the start or turn.



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Backstroke

Watch for movement beyond the 90 degree

vertical.


vertical.

The Stroke

Legal

Legal

Legal


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vertical.


vertical.

The Stroke

Not Legal

Backstroke


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The Turn

During the turn, the swimmer may come in on their back, touch the wall

and leave on their back.

During the turn, the swimmer may come in on their back, touch the wall

and leave on their back.

Backstroke


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The Turn

Backstroke

… or the swimmer may roll over into a freestyle turn using a single or double

arm pull, as long as it is part of a continuous turning action.

… or the swimmer may roll over into a freestyle turn using a single or double

arm pull, as long as it is part of a continuous turning action.


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The Turn

Backstroke

The swimmer may lift the head during the continuous turn.

The swimmer may lift the head during the continuous turn.


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The Turn

Once the pull is complete, that is, the hand has reached full extension past the hipline, the turn must be initiated.

Once the pull is complete, that is, the hand has reached full extension past the hipline, the turn must be initiated.

Backstroke


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The Turn

Backstroke


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The Turn

When executing the turn, there must be a touch of the wall with

some part of the body.

When executing the turn, there must be a touch of the wall with

some part of the body.

Backstroke


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The Turn

Backstroke

… or the swimmer may roll on to the breast and without a glide grab the wall if he is too close to make the turn. The

swimmer must leave on their back.

… or the swimmer may roll on to the breast and without a glide grab the wall if he is too close to make the turn. The

swimmer must leave on their back.


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The Turn

The swimmer must leave on their back.

The swimmer must leave on their back.

One more time …

Backstroke


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Masters Swimming

If the swimmer takes an arm stroke after turning onto his/ her front, then grabs the wall and pushes off on his/ her

back, this is an infraction.

If the swimmer takes an arm stroke after turning onto his/ her front, then grabs the wall and pushes off on his/ her

back, this is an infraction.

Backstroke


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BackstrokeThe Finish

The body may no longer be submerged at the touch, some part of the body must be

above water.

The body may no longer be submerged at the touch, some part of the body must be

above water.

Upon the finish of the race the swimmer MUST touch the wall while on the back.

Upon the finish of the race the swimmer MUST touch the wall while on the back.


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Questions?

Backstroke


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Butterfly SW 8The Start

Watch that the swimmer takes no more than one arm pull while totally submerged. This

must bring the swimmer to the surface.

Watch that the swimmer takes no more than one arm pull while totally submerged. This

must bring the swimmer to the surface.

There is no limit on the number of butterfly kicks executed.

There is no limit on the number of butterfly kicks executed.




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The Stroke

Butterfly


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The Stroke

Butterfly


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The Stroke

Butterfly


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The Stroke

Butterfly

Both arms must be brought forward together over the water and brought backward simultaneously throughout the race

(subject to the start and turns).

Both arms must be brought forward together over the water and brought backward simultaneously throughout the race

(subject to the start and turns).


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The Stroke

Butterfly

All up and down movements of the legs must be simultaneous.

All up and down movements of the legs must be simultaneous.

The position of the legs or feet need not be on the same level, but they shall not alternate in relation to each other.

The position of the legs or feet need not be on the same level, but they shall not alternate in relation to each other.


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The Stroke

Butterfly


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The Stroke

Butterfly


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The Stroke

One more time …

Butterfly


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Arm Recovery is over the general water level.

The Stroke - Arms

Butterfly


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The Stroke - Arms

Arm Recovery is notover the water and this would result in a DQ.

Butterfly


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The Stroke - Legs

One leg is allowed to be carried higher than the other.

Butterfly


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The Stroke - Legs

Alternating kick (flutter) is not allowed.

Butterfly


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The Turn



Arms must be recovered over the water on the touch.

Butterfly

This picture shows an underwater recovery

which is NOT permitted


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The Turn

After the two hand touch and before leaving the wall on the breast, the swimmer may

turn in any manner they like.

After the two hand touch and before leaving the wall on the breast, the swimmer may

turn in any manner they like.

Butterfly


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Masters Swimming Only

Butterfly

The only difference is that Masters Swimmers are permitted to do the

breaststroke kick and/ or the butterfly kick.

More senior butterfly swimmers may sometimes have difficulty with arm recovery over the water: hands and

elbows are acceptable in this instance.


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Questions?

Butterfly


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Freestyle SW 5

The Start




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The Turn

Watch that the swimmer touches the end wall with some part of the body during the turn.

Watch that the swimmer touches the end wall with some part of the body during the turn.

Freestyle


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The Turn

Freestyle


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The Turn

Freestyle


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The Turn

Freestyle


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The Turn

Freestyle


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The Turn

Freestyle


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Questions?

Freestyle


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Individual Medley SW 9.1

Fly

Back

Breast

Free (MUST be any stroke other than Fly, Back or Breast)

All strokes, turns and finishes must be

performed within the rules assigned to

that stroke.

Watch that strokes are swum in proper sequence.


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Medley Relay SW 9.2

Fly

Back

Breast

Free (MUST be any stroke other than Fly, Back or Breast)

All strokes, turns and finishes must be

performed within the rules assigned to

that stroke.

Watch that swimmer and strokes are swum in proper sequence.


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Medley Relay Takeovers

Swimmer may start from the blocks or the pool deck

If warranted, the swimmer may start in the water (water depth or Para swimmer)

The person starting may be in motion as the swimmer arrives

The person starting may not lose contact with block until the arriving swimmer touches the wall


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Medley Races

Watch that the swimmers swim in the proper sequence.

Any other order is an infraction.


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Relays are composed of four (4) swimmers on each team

Mixed relays may be swum and must consist of two (2) Men and two (2) Women

Split times achieved in these events can not be used for records

Members of a relay team must swim in order as indicated on the relay card.

Failure to swim in the proper order results in a DQ

Relays


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Relay Takeovers

When you are handling relay takeovers…

First watch the feet of the swimmer on the diving blocks

Secondly, once the foot leaves the block take your eyes down to the wall below and confirm that the swimmer has touched the wall


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Questions?


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Para Rules

Additional Para Stroke Rules

As a Stroke & Turn official, you need to DQ infractions as they are seen. It would be up to the Technical Advisor with Para training to overrule the DQ for IPC Para Rules.

The Rule Book details the additional IPC Para Rules for each stoke, or

Visit the IPC website at www.paralympic.org/Swimming


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Judge of Strokes/Inspector of Turns/ Head Lane Timekeeper Questionnaire

We will use the questionnaire for the correct answers

Remember…there may be one or more correct answers for each question

30 minutes

Questions before we begin?


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1. The Judge of Stroke has authority/ responsibility to:

a) Also serve as an Inspector of Turnsb) Recommend disqualification for any infraction of the

stroke rules which he observes within his assigned zonec) Serve as lane Timer, if so assignedd) If directed by the Referee, inform the swimmer or his

coach of each disqualification and provide the rationale for the DQ

e) Advise swimmers of incorrect/ inefficient techniquef) Inform the swimmer before he completes his race that

he is going to be disqualifiedg) Confer with the Referee / TA or other Judges of Stroke

as necessary

Strokes & Turns/ Head Lane Timekeeper Questionnaire


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2. The Inspector of Turns has the authority/ responsibility to:

a) Observe and judge the legality of the ‘approach’, the touch and ‘push-off’ of each turn in his designated lanes

b) Recommend disqualification for infractions of the swimming rules which he observes within his assigned zone

c) Serve as relay take-over judge, if so assigned



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a) Along the side of the pool

b) At the starting or turning end of the pool, overlooking the centre lanes

c) At the table with the Clerk of Course

3. The Judge of Stroke should be positioned:



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4. The Inspector of Turns should be positioned:

a) At the starting or turning end of the pool, overlooking the lanes to be judged

b) Along the side of the pool, between the backstroke flags

c) At the table with the Chief Finish Judge



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a) Where you can move between the side and the end of the pool

b) Mid-way along each side of the poolc) High in the stands where you can

observe the entire pool

5. When serving as both Judge of Strokes and Inspector of Turns, you should be positioned:



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6. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer can legally:

a) Swim with the head submerged for the entire raceb) Swim with the head above the surface of the water at all

timesc) Swim with the head submerged, provided it breaks the

surface of the water at least once during each complete stroke cycle

d) Dive into the wall, submerging the head on the touche) Keep the head submerged after the start or turn, providing it

breaks the surface before the widest part of the second arm pull is reached

f) Have the elbows above the water for the final stroke before the turns, during turns, and at final stroke at the finish



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7. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer can legally:

a) Touch with one hand before the other at the turn

b) Touch with both hands simultaneously but at different levels

c) Touch with both hands simultaneously above, below, or at the water’s surface

d) Allow the shoulders to leave the horizontal plane before completing the touch



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8. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer:

a) May be on the side when coming out of a turn, after the feet lose contact with the wall, before beginning the first arm-pull

b) May take two complete strokes (arm pulls and leg kicks) before breaking the surface of the water

c) May use a single butterfly kick followed by a breaststroke kick after the start and each turn

d) May permit the heels to break the surface of the watere) May use alternating leg movementf) Must use the butterfly kick throughout the raceg) May recover the arms on, under, or over the surface of the

water, providing the elbows remain beneath the surfaceh) May fully extend the arms backward during each stroke cyclei) May take a complete stroke cycle underwater for the purpose

of returning to the correct lane



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9. In BACKSTROKE events, the swimmer may legally:

a) Use a double arm pullb) Use an alternating arm strokec) Use an inverted breaststroke or butterfly kickd) Use alternating leg movemente) Turn his shoulders past the vertical during the strokef) Be submerged after the start and after each turn, provided the

head breaks the surface of the water by the 15m markg) Turn onto the breast and immediately initiate a continuous turning

motionh) Scull towards the wall, if he has missed the touch, as long as he/

she did not leave the back during the turni) After indicating a continuous turn, lift the head to determine the

wall’s location without interrupting the ‘continuous’ nature of the turn



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a) Touch with both hands at the turn or finish

b) Touch while on the back, roll on to the front, grab the gutter and push off on the back

c) Turn before touching the end-wall with the foremost part of the body

d) Turn his shoulders past the vertical at the final touch

e) Dive submerged into the wall at the finish and touch below the surface submerged while still on the back

f) Be on the breast when leaving the wall after a turn, but return to the back before starting the first leg kick

g) Kick while still submerged, after a turn

h) Kick during a continuous turn

10. In BACKSTROKE events, the swimmer may:



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a) Take more than one kick after the start and each turn before taking the first arm pull

b) Use alternating leg movement

c) Use the breaststroke kick

d) Alternate between butterfly and breaststroke kick at will

e) Swim with one leg consistently higher than the other

f) Recover the arms underwater during the normal stroke cycle

g) Alternate arm strokes

h) Trail legs with no kicking

11. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may legally:

8C & D Masters Swimmers may use the breaststroke kick



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a) Kick into the wall for a touch with one or more correct leg kicks and the arms extended

b) Recover the arms underwater to complete a touchc) Touch below the water lined) Touch with the hands at different levelse) Touch with one hand before the other but at same

levelf) Touch with one handg) Turn on to the side before the touch

12. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may:



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12. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may (continued):


h) Dip one shoulder going into the turn, before the touchi) Be on the side coming out of a turn, before beginning

the first arm pullj) Complete any number of underwater arm pulls before

returning to the surface after the start or a turnk) Kick while on the side before beginning the first arm

pulll) At the start and after each turn, the swimmer may be

submerged provided some part of the head breaks the surface of the water before the 15m mark


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a) Touch with one hand

b) Touch with one foot

c) Touch with two hands

d) Use the Breaststroke

e) Use the dog-paddle

f) Push off on the back after a turn

g) Push off the bottom after a turn

h) Alternate strokes at will

i) Swim submerged at the start and after each turn as long as the head breaks the water’s surface at or within the 15 m

13. In FREESTYLE events, the swimmer may:



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a) Retain the correct form of stroke until a legal touch has been completed

b) Attain the correct form of the next stroke in accordance with the rules by the beginning of the first stroke

c) Be free to turn in any manner after a legal touch has been made for that stroke

d) Remain on the surface of the water

14. In the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY, when changing from one stroke to the next, the swimmer is required to:



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15. The last one-fourth of the distance in the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY or MEDLEY RELAY:

a) May be the Freestyle

b) May be the Sidestroke

c) Shall be the Freestyle

d) Shall be any stroke but the first three of the Medley



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16. The order of the strokes for the MEDLEY RELAY is:

a) Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Freestyle

b) Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Freestyle



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17. The order of the strokes for the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY is:

a) Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Freestyle

b) Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Freestyle



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18. A Judge of Stroke/ Inspector of Turns may recommend disqualification for any stroke or turn infraction which he personally observes:

a) Whether or not the swimmer is in his assigned zone

b) Only if the swimmer is in his assigned zone



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19. A Judge of Stroke/ Inspector of Turns shall, unless otherwise instructed, report the infraction directly (verbally) to the:

a) Meet Refereeb) Chief Finish Judgec) Session Referee/ TAd) Chief Timekeepere) If so instructed by the Referee, report the

disqualification to the swimmer/ coach within 15 minutes of the race



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20. A swimmer shall be disqualified for:

a) Standing on the bottom of the pool except in freestyle

b) Walking on the bottom of the pool in the direction of the race

c) Using a stroke other than that specified for that event

d) Pulling on a lane marker in the direction of the race

e) Pulling along the side of the pool in the direction of the race

f) Leaving the water and then re-entering to complete the race

g) Holding on to a lane marker or pool wall to catch his breath

h) Interfering with the progress of a swimmer in another lane

i) Pushing off the bottom in the direction of the race

j) Breaking the stroke or the orientation of the stroke during the race except in freestyle



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21. In a relay event, when a relay take-over judge observes an early take-over, he should:

a) Immediately inform the remainder of the team that they have been disqualified

b) Wait until the end of the race before informing the team about the infraction

c) Immediately inform the Referee

d) Inform the Referee/ TA at the end of the race



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22. In a relay take-over, the next swimmer:

a) May start from the blocks or the pool deck

b) May start in the water when circumstances warrant (water depth/ Para-swimmer)

c) May be in motion before the touch is made as long as the toes are in contact with the block or side

d) May return and touch the wall if he feels that his take-over was too early



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23. When a Judge of Stroke/ Inspector of Turns notes the details of an infraction on the swimmers card, he should also:

a) Indicate on the front of the card that the swimmer is DQ’d (i.e. a rubber stamp, bold diagonal line, etc.)

b) Sign the card

c) Indicate the time the infraction occurred

d) Record the distance at which the infraction occurred

NOTE: IF THERE IS ANY DOUBT, DO NOT DISQUALIFY



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a) Ensure that the assigned swimmer is in his laneb) Ensure that the correct time card is being used for

each heatc) Determine the finish time of the winner of each heatd) Ensure that the correct times are being read and

recorded in his lanee) Determine the official time for his lane (when

directed by the Chief Timekeeper)f) Ensure that one Timer takes split times

24. Some of the responsibilities of the Head Lane Timekeeper are to:



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g) Determine the placing of the swimmer in his laneh) Notify the Chief Finish Judge, as directed, if the

swimmer has made an apparent light touchi) Operate the lap counters in long distance eventsj) Judge the legality of relay take-overk) Act as Turn Inspector if qualified and assignedl) Ensure the swimmer in his lane is informed of his

official time

24. Some of the responsibilities of the Head Lane Timekeeper are to (continued):



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25. When an automatic judging and timing system is in use, the Head Lane Timekeeper should:

a) Ensure that no one inadvertently contacts the touch pad

b) Ensure that one manual time is provided

c) Transcribe the automatic time from the display board onto the time card



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26. In long distance events, the Head Lane Timekeeper shall:

a) Verify the tabulation of completed lengths with the Chief Timekeeper before ringing the bell

b) Delegate responsibility for tabulating lengths and ringing the bell to another Timekeeper

c) Advise the swimmer in his lane of the number of laps he has completed

d) Ensure that the split time for each lap is recorded (on the time card or other official form)



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27. The bell for the bell lap:

a) Shall be rung when the swimmer has two lengths and 5 meters still to be swum

b) Shall be rung over the right-hand lane marker

c) Shall be rung continuously as the swimmer approaches and leaves the wall (from the backstroke flags to the backstroke flags)

d) Shall be rung for 800m and 1500m events only



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28. When judging takeovers, the Head Lane Timekeeper shall:

a) Observe the touch-out and take-off from above the lane

b) Keep one finger in contact with the toe of the swimmer on the block

c) Advise DQ’d swimmers immediately, even before the race is completed

d) Observe the take-over from the side of the pool



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Always give the swimmer the benefit of doubt.

You may be deceived by a splash.

You must be absolutely sure.


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Thank you

Approved by the Ontario Swimming Officials’ Association Board

© copyright 2013 - 2017 ontario swimming officials’ association february 2015 judge of stroke,...

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