© copyright pearson prentice hall slide 1 of 50 the nature of covalent bonding the colors in this...

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 1 of 50

The Nature of Covalent Bonding

The colors in this map indicate the concentrations of ozone in various parts of Earth’s atmosphere. Oxygen atoms can join in pairs to form the oxygen you breathe and can also join in groups of three oxygen atoms to form ozone.

9.1



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8.2 The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

What is the result of electron sharing in covalent bonds?


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>8.2 The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding

In covalent bonds, electron sharing usually occurs so that atoms attain the electron configurations of noble gases.



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8.2 Single Covalent Bonds

Single Covalent Bonds

How do electron dot structures represent shared electrons?

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> Single Covalent Bonds

Two atoms held together by sharing a pair of electrons are joined by a single covalent bond.

8.2

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>8.2 Single Covalent Bonds

An electron dot structure such as H:H represents the shared pair of electrons of the covalent bond by two dots.

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The halogens form single covalent bonds in their diatomic molecules. Fluorine is one example.

8.2

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>8.2 Single Covalent Bonds

A pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms is called an unshared pair, also known as a lone pair or a nonbonding pair.

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The hydrogen and oxygen atoms attain noble-gas configurations by sharing electrons.

8.2

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The ammonia molecule has one unshared pair of electrons.

8.2

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Methane has no unshared pairs of electrons.

8.2


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Section Assessment8.1


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Section Assessment


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Section Assessment

8.1


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Practice Problems

Section Assessment

Problem Solving 8.8 Solve Problem 8 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

for Conceptual Problem 8.1



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8.2 Double and Triple Covalent Bonds

Double and Triple Covalent Bonds

How do atoms form double or triple covalent bonds?


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>8.2 Double and Triple Covalent Bonds

Atoms form double or triple covalent bonds if they can attain a noble gas structure by sharing two pairs or three pairs of electrons.

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A bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons is a double covalent bond.

A bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons is a triple covalent bond.


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> Covalent Bonds

Simulation 6 Simulate the covalent bonding between molecules

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> Double and Triple Covalent Bonds

Each nitrogen atom has one unshared pair of electrons.

8.2

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> Double and Triple Covalent Bonds8.2

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Carbon dioxide gas is soluble in water and is used to carbonate many beverages. A carbon dioxide molecule has two carbon-oxygen double bonds.

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> Double and Triple Covalent Bonds

Carbon dioxide is an example of a triatomic molecule.

8.2



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8.2 Coordinate Covalent Bonds

Coordinate Covalent Bonds

How are coordinate covalent bonds different from other covalent bonds?

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> Coordinate Covalent Bonds

In carbon monoxide, oxygen has a stable configuration but the carbon does not.

8.2

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>8.2 Coordinate Covalent Bonds

As shown below, the dilemma is solved if the oxygen donates one of its unshared pairs of electrons for bonding.


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>8.2 Coordinate Covalent Bonds

In a coordinate covalent bond, the shared electron pair comes from one of the bonding atoms.

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> Coordinate Covalent Bonds

A polyatomic ion, such as NH4+, is a tightly

bound group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit.

Most plants need nitrogen that is already combined in a compound to grow.

8.2

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> Coordinate Covalent Bonds8.2


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Section Assessment8.2


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Section Assessment

8.2


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Section Assessment

8.2


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Practice Problems

Section Assessment

Problem-Solving 8.10 Solve Problem 10 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

for Conceptual Problem 8.2


Molecular Compounds >

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8.1 Molecules and Molecular Compounds

Molecules and Molecular Compounds

How are the melting points and boiling points of molecular compounds different from those of ionic compounds?



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Molecules and Molecular Changes

Molecular compounds tend to have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

8.1



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Molecular Formulas

Molecular Formulas

What information does a molecular formula provide?

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Molecular Formulas8.1

A molecular formula is the chemical formula of a molecular compound.

A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains.



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Molecular Formulas

Formulas of Some Molecular Compounds

8.1


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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 8.2.

8.2 Section Quiz.


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1. In covalent bonding, atoms attain the configuration of noble gases by

a. losing electrons.

b. gaining electrons.

c. transferring electrons.

d. sharing electrons.

8.2 Section Quiz.


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8.2 Section Quiz

2. Electron dot diagrams are superior to molecular formulas in that they

a. show which electrons are shared.

b. indicate the number of each kind of atom in the molecule.

c. show the arrangement of atoms in the molecule.

d. are easier to write or draw.


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3. Which of the following molecules would contain a bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons?

a. Se2

b. As2

c. Br2

d. Te2

8.2 Section Quiz

END OF SHOW

© copyright pearson prentice hall slide 1 of 50 the nature of covalent bonding the colors in this...

Documents

section assessment slide

oxygen atoms

unshared pair of electrons

shared electrons

pair of valence electrons

unshared pairs of electrons

lone pair

nonbonding pair