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HISTORY BEHIND THE ATOMIC THEORY Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the Greek word ‘atomos’ which means unable to be cut or divided.

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Page 1: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

HISTORY BEHIND THE ATOMIC THEORY Democritus- Greek philosopher who

lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the Greek

word ‘atomos’ which means unable to be cut or divided.

Page 2: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

HISTORY BEHIND THE ATOMIC THEORY John Dalton- English schoolteacher who

proposed a revised atomic theory in 1808. Proposed the atom could not be divided All atoms of a given element were exactly

alike, and atoms of different elements could

join to form compounds.

Page 3: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

LAW OF DEFINITE PROPERTIES

A chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass. Example- Water has the same proportions

of hydrogen and oxygen by mass.

Page 4: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

HISTORY BEHIND THE ATOMIC THEORY J. J. Thomson- British scientist who

conducted an experiment in 1897. Atoms could be divided into smaller parts Experiment involved a cathode ray tube

that produced rays of negatively charged particles.

Discovered electrons- negative particles.

Page 5: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

PLUM-PUDDING MODEL

Electrons are spread throughout the atom.

Plum pudding was a popular dessert back in the day

Page 6: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

HISTORY BEHIND THE ATOMIC THEORY Ernest Rutherford- British scientist who

developed an experiment to test Thomson’s model in 1909. Proposed that most of the mass of the

atom was concentrated at the atom’s center.

Gold Foil Experiment Nucleus- dense core of the atom with a positive charge.

Page 7: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT

Alpha (positive) particles were aimed at a piece of gold foil. Most passed straight through the foil, but some were deflected.

Page 8: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

RUTHERFORD MODEL OF THE ATOM

Page 9: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Protons- have a positive (+) charge and are found in the nucleus of the atom.

Neutrons- have no charge and are found in the nucleus of the atom.

Electrons- have a negative (-) charge and are found in the electron cloud.

Page 10: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

Atomic Number- how many protons an atom has. Most atoms are neutral, so they have the same number of electrons.

Mass Number- the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom.

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)- protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 amu.

Page 11: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the
Page 12: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

LIST THE NUMBER OF PROTONS, NEUTRONS, AND ELECTRONS IN EACH ELEMENT

Be Si O Ca Na N Fe Mg

Page 13: Democritus- Greek philosopher who lived around 400 BC who proposed: The universe is made of indivisible units. Called these units atoms, from the

ISOTOPES

An element has the same number of protons and electrons, but the number of neutrons sometimes varies.


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