get clickers as you enter bell ringer pretest video what is genetics? cuttle fish
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Get clickers as you enter
Bell Ringer Pretest Video
What is genetics?
Cuttle fish
Get clickers as you enter
New seats Bell Ringer Quiz Video (brain games)
Scorpion Fish
1. What did people think before Mendel?
2. What is an allele? And how is it related to a genotype?
3. What is the term for 2 alleles that are identical and expressed
Bell Ringer Genetics Notes Assignment
Crown of thorns starfish
1. What do gametes have to do with genetics?
The passing of characters from parents to offspring
How is heredity manipulated today?› Plants› Animals› Artificial selection› Genetic modification
If paleontology is the study fossils, what is the study of heredity?
The study of biological inheritance patterns and variations in organisms› The study of heredity
› Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length
First person to develop rules and predict patterns of inheritance
Bred different varieties of garden peas
True breeding generation› Only one form of a character
P-generation› Offspring of true breeding generation
F1-generation› Offspring of P generation
F2› Offspring of F1 generation
True-Breeding
P-generationTrue-Breeding
True-Breeding P F1
705 purple, 224 white
For each of the 7 characters, he found the same 3:1 ratio of plants expressing the contrasting traits in the F2 generation
GeneDNA Allele
Rr
Dominant Recessive
Blue EyeRed Eye
Allele
Alleles › different versions of genes
Dominant› The expressed trait
Recessive› The trait not expressed
Allele
Rr
Dominant Recessive
Blue EyeRed Eye
Allele
Complete all work page 96-100 (6.3+6.4)
Bell Ringer Notes Video
Clown Triggerfish
Create punnett squares:
1. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses with a heterozygous for hair. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?
2. Is it possible for the offspring to have a dominant trait if both parents are homozygous recessive? Why or why not?
Why is it important that Mendel began with purebred plants?
Mimic Octopus
Bell Ringer Genetic Notes Video
Bio-engineering
What did people think before Mendel's theory?
› Offspring were just a blend of traits from parents.
› Tall crossed w/short = medium
Law of segregation› States that the 2 alleles for one specific
character separate when gametes are formed through meiosis
Example: Pp P p
Law of Independent assortment› States that the alleles of different genes or
characters separate independently from one another when gametes are formed through meiosis
Ex: PpLl PPlla genotype for being tall and brown eyes will not necessarily stay together
Homozygous› If two alleles of a particular gene present
in an individual are the same
Ex. A plant with 2 white flower alleles WW or ww
Homozygous Dominant› XX, AA, DD
Homozygous Recessive› xx, aa, dd
Heterozygous› If the 2 alleles are different
Ex. A plant with 1 white flower allele and 1 purple Xx Tt Uu etc.
Bell Ringer Punnet square notes
› 4 slides Punnet square
assignment› DUE TODAY
Ocean Sunfish
Create punnett squares:
1. Pure bred for a certain trait is the same as __________
2. Hybrid for a certain trait is the same as ______________
3. Take out pink worksheets from Tuesday to go over
Genotype› The set of alleles that an individual has for
a character Phenotype
› The physical appearance of a character (which alleles are present)
Monohybrid Cross› Crosses that examine the inheritance of
only one specific trait (example: flower color RrxRR)
Dihybrid Cross› Crosses that examine the inheritance of
two different traits (example: flower color and height
RrHHxRRhh)
A diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all combinations
FATHER
Mother
How would you set up a punnet square with the following information:› A hybrid yellow pea plant crosses with a homozygous recessive green pea plant?Genotype 1: YyGenotype 2: yy
Yy Yy
yy yy
X – represents brown hair
x –represents red hair
X – represents brown hair
x –represents red hair
X – represents brown hair
x –represents red hair
X – represents brown hair
x –represents red hair
Phenotypic ratio› Brown: ¾› Red: ¼
Genotypic ratioHomozygous recessive: ¼Homozygous dominant: ¼Heterozygous: 2/4 or 1/2
True-Breeding
Y YPurple
Y
Y
YY
YYYY
YY
Purple
100% Purple
y yWhite
y
y
YY
YYYY
YY
White
100% White
P-generationTrue-Breeding
Y YPurple
y
y
Yy
YyYy
Yy
White
100% Purple
True-Breeding P F1
Y yPurple
Y
y
Yy
YyYY
yy
White
75% Purple25% White
705 purple, 224 white
Hybrid = heterozygous – ex. Aa Xx Cc Pure = homozygous – ex. AA cc Homozygous recessive ex. aa vv cc Homozygous dominant ex. AA KK LL Genotype = any 2 alleles ex. Aa CC dD Phenotype = Physical appearance
› Aa = A (dominant) phenotype› AA = A (dominant) phenotype› aa = a (recessive) phenotype
1. Complete the following Punnett Squares: For each of the following include what percentage is
Homozygous dominant, Homozygous recessive and heterozygous
a. MM x mmb. Gg x Ggc. QQ x Qq d. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses
with a homozygous recessive for pink hair p. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?
e. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses with a heterozygous for hair. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?
1. Complete the following Punnett Squares: For each of the following What percentage is
Homozygous dominant, Homozygous recessive, Heterozygous
a. MM x mmb. Gg x Ggc. QQ x Qq d. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses
with a homozygous recessive for pink hair p. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?
1. Complete the following Punnett Squares: For each of the following What percentage is
Homozygous dominant, Homozygous recessive, Heterozygous
a. MM x mmb. Gg x Ggc. QQ x Qq d. A homozygous dominant for purple hair P crosses
with a homozygous recessive for pink hair p. What chance is there of having purple hair? Pink?
2. Who is considered the founder of heredity/genetics?
3. DNA is made up of _________ which carry _______, each one has specific traits, the individual traits are known as _______
4. What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype
Bell Ringer Notes Assignment
Moorish Idol
1. What does the prefix poly mean? What about the prefix co?
2. A homozygous dominant for red hair crosses with a homozygous recessive for black hair. What chance is there red hair?
Note: any late work will no longer be accepted without the corresponding
assignment in the book
Polygenic Inheritance› When several genes
influence a character› Eye color, hair color, skin
color
Incomplete dominance› When an individual
displays a phenotype that is intermediate between 2 parents
› Red flower X White flower = Pink
Multiple Alleles› Genes with 3 or more alleles› ex. Blood types (ABO)
Codominance› 2 dominant alleles being expressed› Ex. A red flower with purple spots
Pedigree
A family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations.› Autosomal – Affects autosomes › Sex-Linked – Affects sex chromosomes
When is knowing a pedigree important?› Genetic disorders
Possible carrier? Could have chance that offspring will have a disorder.
Page 195 # 7-11 Page 197 #1-6 Page 185 – Quick Lab (answer 1-4) Page 187 #1,2,5,6
Page 112-114 (7.2) Page 117-120 (7.4)
Use page 186 if you need help with the dihybrid cross
Homework› Read 7.2 and 7.4
Bell Ringer Review Classwork
1. Why is a pedigree important?
2. What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance? Give an example of each
3. A homozygous dominant for red hair crosses with a heterozygous for black What chance is there black hair?
miniatus grouper
Bell Ringer Foldable/Flash Cards Course
recommendations
1.If you cross plant A (red) with plant b (white) and there is a 50/50 ratio of red to white, what is the genotype of plant A and B?
2. If the cross above resulted in pink offspring what would this be called?
3. If the cross above resulted in a red flower with white spots what would this be called?
Polleni grouper
Genetics Traits Mendel Generations
› Know order Mendel's
results (F2) Allele Genotype
Dominant Recessive Law of
segregation Law of
independent assortment
Homozygous Heterozygous
Phenotype Punnett
square Incomplete
dominance Codominance Pedigree Multiple
alleles
Bell Ringer Heredity Lab Lab Questions
1. Is it possible for a recessive trait to be more abundant in a population? Why or why not?
.
Stars & stripes pufferfish
ee - Blue E – Not Blue
R – Can roll tongue rr– Cannot roll
ff – Attached F – Free/detached
N - Regular nn – Hitchhiker’s
L – left on right ll– Right on left
bb– Straight B – Curved
hh – not present H – present
P = Taste bitter pp = No taste
1. Get into small groups of 2-52. Everyone must fill out their own chart (yellow
paper)3. You will do PTC last4. When your group is finished write the total
number in your group dominant and recessive for each trait on the board
5. When everyone is complete calculate % of class with trait (dom. + rec.)
6. Complete all questions
To calculate class % # w/dominant trait (or recessive) / Total students x 100%
# w/dominant trait (or recessive) / 23
X100%