how the classic civilizations of greece, rome, persia, india, and china developed. what type of...
TRANSCRIPT
CLASSIC CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF RELIGION
BIG IDEA How the classic civilizations of Greece,
Rome, Persia, India, and China developed. What type of advancements they had in areas such as technology and government.
The Birth of the major religions of today. How they spread and influenced societies.
MISCONCEPTIONS Some people think that classic
civilizations existed only in Europe ( Greece, Rome) This is not true
WORD WALL Empire Dynasty Democracy Diffusion
DEVELOPMENT OF MONOTHEISM Monotheism: Belief in one god Very gradual development to this idea.
People began to view forces of nature and life as being the result of various gods and goddesses
Mesopotamian cities had patron deities. EXAMPLE: Ur had Sin (god of the moon)
Egypt: pharaoh Akhenaton claimed to be a supreme god. (King Tut’s dad)
India: References to a single god in the Rig Veda book
Persia: Zoroastrian religion had Ahura Mazda as supreme god
Religions based off of Abraham…
JUDAISM
THE START, HEBREWS: 1800 BC People from Egypt and the Mesopotamia
regions Important people include Abraham,
Moses, and David The Hebrews did not view God in a
physical way so there are no drawings of him
They also believed him to be God of all people of earth not just themselves.
God = “Yahweh”
ABRAHAM Went on a
pilgrimage with the message that God spoke to him and that he should go to the “promised land”
EGYPT AND THE JEWS They moved to Egypt because of
drought. The Egyptians gave them places of
honor However, they were later forced into
slavery
MOSES Led the Jews out of Egypt On the way out of Egypt Moses was said
to have talked to Yahweh and received the…
Ten Commandments: Laws that become the basis for civil and religious laws in Judaism
MOSES TO ISRAEL When Moses died the people returned
to where Abraham was from in modern day Israel.
Eventually the Palestinian people started trying to take their land.
Kings like David and Solomon united the people against invasions
However, they ended up being taken over.
BASICS OF JUDAISM Yahweh has established a covenant of
protection with them. They also believe in Ethical Monotheism: Ten Commandments (No Overlord god)
Sacred writings are: Torah: The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)
They believe in a Messiah: savior sent by Yahweh to liberate them.
Judaism is the founding religion that leads to Christianity and Islam. They have ALOT in common that we will get to later.
FORMATIONS OF EMPIRES
EMPIRES Trade increased Trade routes were a common place for
robbers Civilizations started wanting control of
routes for safety and to charge taxes.
ASSYRIA Began around Mesopotamia They learned to fight after constantly
being attacked The ruler said he conquered 89 cities
and 820 villages, and ordered most of the inhabitants killed.
MILITARY Great at making Iron weapons like
spears, swords, arrows, and huge shields
They even built bridges during war using inflated animal skins and wood beams to cross the bridge.
CONT.
They dug beneath city walls to weaken them before war.
Each soldier was paid for the # of heads they collected.
One king claimed to have burned 3000 people to death
Invaded people were killed, enslaved, or made to live in the wild
THE EMPIRE FALLS The cruelty of the empire earned them
many enemies. They were so angry they burned down
the largest city in the world at the time in the empire called Nineveh (between 300,000-600,000)
All that is left is mounds today
RESTORED BABYLON
REBORN 600 BC New groups made Babylon the capital Nebuchadnezzar was their most
famous ruler
THE CITY Had hanging gardens The city wall was so thick that a 4 horse
chariot could ride on the top 300 ft tall Pyramid Observed the stars and began some of
the first studies of astronomy Persians take over
PERSIAN EMPIRE AROUND 600 BC
BEGINNING The empire was in modern day Iran They used the Assyrian style of military However, they used Tolerance and
Diplomacy They used their military to enforce the
law They also had a standardized medal
coin system to promote trade
FOUNDED BY KING CYRUS 600-529
Military genius Most famous for his kind leadership He accepted and allowed his
conquered people to practice their local beliefs
He had soldiers go in before a battle and keep people from looting and burning
CONT. Babylon opened their gates to him
when he invaded and no one died. He also gave the Jews back Jerusalem
and helped them rebuild their temples
He died in battle
AFTER CYRUS His son was not kind. He destroyed
Egyptian temples and banned their religion
When he died after only 8 years rebellions broke out
King Darius took over after being an elite royal guard
He spent the first years of his rule putting down revolts
KING DARIUS He was not able, however, to conquer the
Greeks He ruled like Cyrus with kindness and
tolerance He had spies checking on areas of the
empire. He made the Royal Road (over 1500
miles long!!) to unify the land He also divided the empire into provencies
determined by the homelands of the various people. They had their own laws with in the Persian Empire
RELIGION: ZOROASTRAINISM Founded by Zoroaster Says that people’s own choices
determine their fate Monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda Avesta: Sacred writings These writings establish early beliefs in
heaven, hell and final judgement
INDIA
HINDUISM 1500 BC
BEGINNINGS Polytheistic religion dating back to the
Aryan Invasion Cannot be traced back to a single
founder. Vedas: collection of hymns and
religious ceremonies of the Hindus that were passed down orally and eventually written down
Religion is a way for you to free your soul from the disappointments, illusions, and mistakes of everyday existence.
BELIEFS The goal is to reach Moksha= perfect
understanding reincarnation : being reborn after
death in a different situation in life Karma : a persons actions on earth that
will determine how the soul will be reborn
Have three main gods: Brahma (creator), Vishnu (protector),
Shiva (destroyer)
CONT. Due to Karma there is a Caste System
= set social order. Where you are in society depends on
your behavior in your past life. Hinduism is primarily associated with
India
JAINISM Believe all things in
the universe have a soul and so you should not be violent.
THE MAURYA EMPIRE 321 BC Chandragupta Maurya: first ruler Began in the Ganges Valley Well organized Government with
Bureaucracy: arm of the government (CPS, FEMA, FBI, FDA, etc.), very nice roads
Secret Police with harsh punishments for broken rules
ASOKA 302-232 BC Grandson of C.M. After a successful war he converted to
Buddhism Renounced violence and led by moral
example Prosperous time with parks and
organization However, the empire fell apart after his
death
BUDDHISM
BEGINNINGS Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (530
BC) He was a noble in the mountains of
northern India
QUEST At 29 he left and explored the world and
decided to explore until he found wisdom or enlightenment.
He tried fasting and debating religious people but did not achieve enlightenment
After sitting under a fig tree for 49 days he became enlightened
He was then called Buddha meaning enlightened one.
BELIEFS During his enlightenment he decided on
4 Noble Truths: 1) Everything in life is suffering
and sorrow 2) Selfish desire causes suffering 3) The way to end suffering is to
end all desires 4) You must follow the eight fold
path to overcome desires and reach enlightenment.
CONT. You also had to follow the Eightfold
Path. This path was like a stairway you had to
make your way up to reach Nirvana (pure enlightenment and release from pain and suffering)
They follow many Hindu beliefs like reincarnation, non-violence, self-denial, to seek oneness with the “Great Word Soul”
However, rejects numerous gods and the caste system
THE SPREAD Traders would find out about the religion
and spread it to their homelands. This is how most religions spread. India remained mostly Hindu but there
are many believers in India.
GOLDEN AGE OF INDIA 300 AD Unified by Chandra Gupta I Controlled by regional leaders Came up with Arabic numerals Concept of zero Had a vaccine for smallpox 1,000 yrs
before Europe! Huge Hindu temples built Advancements in literature, astronomy,
medicine, and mathematics.
RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS IN INDIA Astronomy: Earth is round Mathematics: modern #s, zero,
decimals, value of pi to 4 decimal places (Aryabhata)
Sophisticated medical guides and complex surgery including plastic surgery
3.1415
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5uqE3C9w
Thoughts?
EMPIRE OF CHINA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4
ZHOU DYNASTY (1027-256 BC) Mandate of Heaven : justifies royal
authority and establishes dynastic cycles
Nobles rule through feudalism
PHILOSOPHIES UNDER ZHOU Confucianism: Reform in society
including social order of family and government
Daoism: Philosophy established by Laozi that addresses order and harmony
Legalism: stressed punishment over rewards
CONFUCIUS- IDEAS TO TRY AND CREATE ORDER AND PEACE
CONFUCIANISM
BEGINNINGS
Was started by China’s most influential Scholar = Confucius
Believed that China should be organized into 5 basic relationships
1) Ruler and subject 5)Friend and Friend 2) Father and son 3) Husband and wife 4) Older Brother and younger Brother
CONT. “Do not do unto others what you would
not want others to do unto you” (Golden Rule)
Education can bring any man to become a gentlemen.
Wanted people to pass exams to work for the government (beauracracy)
DAOISM
It was a push to follow and understand nature
If we were more like the rest of nature, society would work together in harmony
LEGALISM
Believed in a efficient well working government
Reward citizens that do as they are told and punish those who don’t
Believed in controlling ideas They burned any document encouraging free
thinking or questioned the government.
YING YANG Showed the
balance of life
QIN DYNASTY (256-202 BC) A 13 yr old ruler took over after the
Zhou dynasty fell After ruling for 20 yrs he earned the
name Shi Huangdi “First emperor” Used legalism to unify China through
Autocracy Autocracy= where the ruler has
unlimited power
CONT. Centralized highway and irrigation
networks Ordered mass murder of Confucianism
scholars Built the Great Wall
THE GREAT WALL (STARTED IN 221 BC)
It is 1400 miles long Peasants were
forced to work on it, if they didn’t they were killed
HAN DYNASTY (202 BC – 9 AD) Centralized Government Complex Bureaucracy Civil service jobs Invention of paper Promotion of Confusionism
BELL RINGER Who started Confucianism? What does the Yin-Yang mean? What is the largest religion in the world? 2nd? Why is it hard to properly count the # of
followers of a religion in China?
CHINA TODAY Everyone take out their phone. Look at the stuff on your person. Raise
your hand with some of the locations that your stuff is made.
FOX CONN http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/mo
n-january-16-2012/fear-factory
CHILD EXPERIMENT WITH DEMOCRACY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYb_K
zlXk4A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giJNbTXYpE0