ROME

ROME BACKGROUND

-Italian Peninsula-753 BC Romulus built city of Rome -Between 800-700 BC seven villages on hills united to form Rome-620 BC Etruscan family gained control of Rome and built roads and a town square called a forum.-534 BC Tarquin the Proud was overthrown

ROME

- What is a Patrician?

- What is a Plebian?

ROME

- 494 Plebeians go on strike Demanding:- Tribunes- Assembly of Tribes- Written Law code

- 451 BC 12 Bronze Tablets

- 287 BC Assembly of Tribes could make laws

ROMAN REPUBLIC: USE YOUR BOOK TO COMPARE THE TWO…..

ROME UNITED STATES

- Executive

- Legislative

- Judicial

- Legal Code

- Citizenship

- Executive

- Legislative

- Judicial

- Legal Code

- Citizenship

ROMAN LEGIONS

- Originally all men had to serve

- Adopted Greek phalanx system- 6,000 men per

division- 60 to 120 per

phalanx- Soldiers were well

trained- Deserters were put

to death

ROMAN LEGIONS

- Conquered Peoples- Kept some

government- Partial rights- Some became

citizens- Military colonies

- Used to defend high ground/ river crossings

ROME AND CARTHAGE 264 BC

PUNIC WARS

- 1st Punic War 264 BC- Carthage threatened to

seize the Strait of Messina

- Romans sent force to stop it

- Rome had stronger army/ Carthage had stronger Navy

- Rome snares Carthage ships and pulls them in to gain tactical advantage

- 241BC Rome wins

PUNIC WARS

- 2nd Punic War 221 BC- Hannibal (Carthage)

grabs Spanish city (Rome’s Ally)

- Hannibal brings 40,000 troops and 40 elephants through Swiss Alps

- 216 BC Hannibal has defeated most of the Roman Army

- 202 BC Scipio rallies Romans and defeats Carthage gaining Spain

PUNIC WARS

- 3rd Punic War 166 BC- Carthage begins to

rebuild- Rome burnt

Carthage to the ground enslaving their population and salting their fields

- 130BC Rome has conquered the entire Mediterranean

ROME

- Newly acquired land was divided into provinces

- Define the following terms- Proconsuls:- Latifundia:

- Each Province had a tax collector as well

- Landless farmers filtered into Rome

FALL OF ROMAN REPUBLIC

- 133 BC Tiberius Gracchus gets elected as a Tribune- Proposes law to limit

size of latifundias- Law passes through

Assembly of Tribes- Killed By Opponents

- 123 BC Gaius Gracchus- Pushes for more land

reforms and new court- 121BC was killed

- 111BC Senate ends land reforms

- 70 BC Pompey and Licinius get elected as consuls

- 60 BC Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form triumvirate

ROME- JULIUS CAESAR

- Caesar conquers Celts and Gaul extending Roman Empire

- Pompey grows jealous of Caesar ordering him to leave his troops North of the Rubicon River

- How did Caesar respond to Pompey’s order?

- What did Caesar's response result in?

ROME- JULIUS CAESAR

- 45 BC Caesar was named Dictator for Life

- Caesar reforms- Gave jobs to poor- Granted citizenship- Added reps from

provinces to Senate- Adopted new

calendar- 3/15/44 BC “Ides of

March”

ROME- 2ND TRIUMVIRATE

- Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian create 2nd Triumvirate.

- Octavian forces Lepidus into retirement

- Mark Antony falls in love with Cleopatra and is accused of treason

- Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium 31BC.

ROME- AUGUSTUS CAESAR

- 27 BC named Rome’s first Emperor (Senate to advise)

- August (anointed) Caesar- Grand Nephew of Julius real name Octavian

- 31 BC Pax Romana- Reforms

- Rebuilt roads- Improved grains- Tackled gov. corruption- Constructed public

buildings

JULIAN EMPERORS 14 BC 68 AD

- 14 AD Tiberius- Accused many innocent people of treason

- 37 AD Caligula- Mentally ill, killed by a palace guard

- 41 AD Claudius- Scholar, but struggled with state affairs

- 54 AD Nero- Cruel and insane, willing to bankrupt Rome for horse racing and music. Killed his wife, mother, and several others.

- 68 AD Nero was killed. “What a loss I shall be to the Arts”

- Next 28 years emperors were puppets controlled by the army

GOOD EMPERORS

- 96 AD Nerva- began custom of an heir

- 98 AD Trajan- Empire reached it’s greatest extent

- 117 AD- Hadrian- Consolidated conquests, Reorganized Bureaucracy

- 138 AD Antonius Pius- Mostly peace and prosperous

- 161 AD Marcus Aurelius- Most prosperous period for Rome

CHRISTIANITY

- Originally a Sect within Judaism

- Early Christians were Jews waiting for the messiah

- 30-33 AD, Jesus of Nazareth

- Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Christ

CHRISTIANITY

- Those who believe Christ was the messiah became Christians

- Paul spread the word of Christ

- Peter established the first church in Rome (first pope)

- Christianity was still illegal

CHRISTIANITY

- Bible: Old Testament (Jewish Torah), and New Testament (written after Christ)

- Gospels: First four books of New Testament, describe Life of Christ

CHRISTIANITY

- 313 Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity in Rome

- 325 Council of Nicaea organizes Christianity

- 391 Christianity becomes official religion of Rome

- 476 Rome fell, but Christianity remains intact and dominant

CHRISTIANITY

- St. Augustine of Hippo- Confessions-

confesses is love and devotion to God

- City God- Says to Love God First

- Church Hierarchy- Pope- Archbishop/ Cardinal

(later)- Bishop/ Prior(later)- Priest/ Monks (later)- Friar (later)

ROMAN DECLINE

- Commodus is very Nero like

- 192- 284, 28 emperors are killed

- Constantly fighting Germanic Tribes such as the Goths, Visigoths, Huns, Franks, and Saxons

- Economy declined, inflation set in

- Diocletian - Split empire into east/west- Edict of Prices

- Froze Wages- Set Economic Prices

- Prevented farmers from leaving- Constantine

- Chained workers to farms- Made jobs hereditary- Founded Constantinople in East

- Theodosius- Officially split Rome into two- East becomes Byzantium

Empire

ROMAN DECLINE

- Visigoths- 300’s – 400’s- Killed Eastern Emperor- Actually sacked Rome

- Huns- Attila the Hun- Visigoths

- 476 AD 14 year old Romulus Augustulus was killed by a German General, he died without an heir and was never replaced

- The Byzantium Empire remained in power until 1453AD