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Mining Processes 10/19/11

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Page 1: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Mining Processes10/19/11

Page 2: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Review of Geology Terms

Geology and Geologic processes

Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis

Plate Tectonics – Continental drift, Pangaea

Plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, transform

Types of rocks in rock cycle: Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

Relative dating by the Law of Superposition vs. Radiometric Dating

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

Non-renewable resource-fossil fuels

Page 3: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is a mineral resource?

An element or chemical formed by geological processes.

Page 4: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What are the two types of minerals?

Metals or Non-metals

Page 5: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Drag picture to placeholder or click icon to add

Metals vs. Non-metals

Page 6: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is an ore? A rock with a high mineral content,

which we extract by mining.Higher grade = more mineral content

Page 7: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What are reserves?

Locations on earth where mineral supplies are high, so we can mine there.

Page 8: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is a life cycle analysis of a metal?

Ecological impacts associated with a mineral from extraction to disposal.

Page 9: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is surface mining?

Mining of shallow mineral resources.

Page 10: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What types of surface mining are there?

Open pit mining

Strip mining

Contour mining

Mountain top removal

Page 11: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is open pit mining?

Big holes in the earth for removing ores.

Page 12: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is strip mining?

A strip of earth is removed, minerals are extracted, overburden (soil+rock) is replaced, process is repeated.

Page 13: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is contour strip mining?

Cut terraces on the side of a hill and extract minerals (coal).

Page 14: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is mountain top removal?

Remove the top of a mountain, extract minerals (coal).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPixjCneseE

Page 15: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What is sub-surface mining?

Deep minerals are removed through tunnels and shafts.

Page 16: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Mining Pollution and Restoration10/22/11

Page 17: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

What are the environmental impacts of mining coal?

Acidification of surrounding soil

Acidification of groundwater or adjacent bodies of water

Reduced plant growth/animal distribution ( biodiversity)

Corrosion of roads and drainage culvets

Increased soil solubility and transport of heavy metals (pollutants)

Page 18: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Environmental impacts of USING coal?

Acidic deposition

Ecosystem degradation due to acidic soil

Global warming

Industrial/photochemical smog

Heavy metal fall out (Hg and As)

Leachate into water

Human respiratory illness

Page 19: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Will coal use in the US continue?

Yes, it will increase! Low cost! It’s cheap Higher Availability than other fossil fuels in the US Suitable replacement for oil (which is running out)

Page 20: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

Reclamation/Restoration after contour strip mining?

Recontour the land

Replace topsoil and/or nutrients

Replant native vegetation

Monitor for 5-10 years to ensure secondary succession

Page 21: Mining Processes 10/19/11. Review of Geology Terms Geology and Geologic processes Catastrophic events: Volcanoes, Earthquakes,Tsunamis Plate Tectonics

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