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BJOTD: Who ruled France until he exploded?

Bellringer

The InterWar Years

WWI left everyone bankrupt ONLY Japan and U.S. in good shape Germany run by a government called the

Weimar Republic◦ Blamed for the Treaty of Versailles, defeat,

humiliation◦ To pay reparations, Germany decided to simply

print more money, which caused inflation Germany seeks help by taking out loans and

are doing better by 1929….UNTIL…

Background

The world relied on the U.S. for loans and economic opportunities.

BUT:◦ There was a large gap between rich and poor◦ Many people took out loans they couldn’t pay

back, bankrupting the banks◦ The Stock Market Crash of 1929

People were buying stocks on margin: they paid only a small percentage and borrowed the rest!

Everyone decided to sell in one day causing stocks to be worthless

The Great Depression

Unemployment rises◦ By 1933: 25%

of Americans had no job

Businesses fail Banks closed

Effects of the Great Depression

Because of the Depression in the USA, America pulls their money out of Europe

Countries put high tariffs (taxes) on items that are imported to raise money at home

People lose money, Germany cannot pay back its American loan

Unemployment, failures, collapse of credit, and inflation rise.

Weak governments were blamed for the troubles

Countries begin looking for new leaders.

The Depression in Europe

Communism vs. Fascism

Communism Fascism

Belief in: Located in the USSR

during the Inter-War Years

Belief in:◦ Loyalty to the state (extreme

nationalism)◦ Obedience to a charismatic

leader◦ Totalitarian: government

controlled all aspects of life Promised to revive the

economy and punish those responsible for the hard times.

Located in Germany and Italy during the Inter-War years

Fascists rose to power due to resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, rising inflation and unemployment, and dissatisfaction with the government

Mussolini led the Fascists. His goal: to restore the glory of Rome to Italy!

Tried to take complete control by getting rid of all other political parties, but never had as much control as the Nazis in Germany.

Italy and Benito Mussolini

The National Socialist Party (Nazis) came to power due to a weak democratic government that could not control the rising inflation and unemployment.

Adolph Hitler was named the Fuhrer of the Nazi Party, and he explained his philosophy in his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)◦ Aryans as master race◦ Subhuman categories (gypsies, Jews, homosexuals…)◦ Treaty of Versailles◦ Lebensraum (living room) needed for Germans

Eastern Europe and Russia◦ Jews are to blame for the Depression and economic

woes

Germany and Adolph Hitler

People ignored Hitler at first, but turned to him when the Depression became really bad.

By 1932: Nazis get control of the Reichstag◦ By 1933: Hitler is Chancellor=absolute power

Banned all other parties Rise of the SS Secret police force kept people in line Hitler put people back to work:

◦ People’s confidence in Nazism began to rise Totalitarianism put in place

◦ Press, schools, literature all controlled Anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) laws were passed,

depriving them of their rights

Once in Power:

‘A plane on take off carries 12 bombs, each weighing ten kilos. The aircraft makes for Warsaw , the centre of international Jewry. It bombs the town. On take off with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 1500 kilos of fuel the aircraft weighed 8 tonnes. When it returned from the crusade, there were still 230 tonnes of fuel left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty?’

Kristallnacht November 9, 1938

1920’s: Japan moved towards democracy◦ Kellogg-Briand Pact: renouncement of war◦ Military answers to the Emperor only

1930: Depression blamed on the government◦ People look for a new leader◦ Military takes control

Emperor was a symbol of power, the generals (like Tojo) ruled

Japan, Emperor Hirohito, and Hideki Tojo

Solve economic problems by expanding

The new empire would give them the materials needed to continue industrializing

Japan takes over◦ Manchuria (1931) for its iron and

coal And invades

◦ Korea◦ China

What does the League of Nation do?◦ Condemns their actions!

Tojo’s Goal for Japan

Communism! Totalitarian state

◦ Controlled by the secret police

◦ Example: Great Purge Five-year plans and

collectivization of farms leads to an increase in industry and the food supply

USSR and Joseph Stalin

Directions: Working individually, you will be responsible for creating an 8-panel comic strip that show the events of the years of 1918-1939. The following events and their effects should be considered in your comic strip:

Panel 1: The Treaty of Versailles (what happened there that led to future events?)

Panel 2: Reconstruction: How did the world start to rebuild after WWI?

Panel 3: The Great Depression in the USA Panel 4: The Depression in Europe Panel 5-6: The rise of fascist governments in Italy and

Germany Panel 7: The rise of militarism and imperialism in Japan Panel 8: A prediction: What happens next?

Inter War Comic Strip

This will be graded on:◦ Accuracy of information◦ Depiction of how one event can lead to another—

what are the connections here?◦ Color, neatness, attractiveness

Comic Strip