- p142 -protection functions - v42_se-en

MiCOM P142Feeder Protection

Schneider Electric 2- Energy Automation 09/2010

30 10 2011 SCHEDULE

9.00 10.00 INTROUDUCTION ON MICOM P142 SETTING

10.00 10.30 INTRODUCTION ON MICOM P543 SETTING

10.30 12.00 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ON MICOM 142 & P543 SETTING


MiCOM P141 Feeder ProtectionDocument Version

AVersion Comment Author Date

First Version F. BROTTET 19/10/09B Schneider Electric Migration S. GASCO 04/11/10


SYSTEM DATA


General configuration menus

Generalities

4 setting groups

System Data


System Data Settings

Choose between English, French, German and Spanish Selected language will bethe one displayed on LCD front panel


System Data Settings

Feeder name (displayedon LCD front panel) Station name (displayed on LCD front panel)

Frequency : 50Hz or 60Hz


CB CONTROL


Disabled Local Remote Local + Remote Opto Opto+ Local Opto+ Remote Opto + Rem + Local

No manual control of the CB Open/Close commands can beissued only by protection functions(such as autoreclose, trip, )

Open/Close commands can beissued from front panel using HOT KEYS or via SYSTEM DATA menuCommands can also be issued fromrelay front communication port

Open/Close commands can be issued from rear communication port

Open/Close commands can be issued from opto inputs (one opto for open, one opto for close is required)

CB position contacts should be available on the relay (via opto) when CB control functionis enabled.

CB Control

!


Minimum duration of close command sent to CB

Minimum duration of open command sent to CB

It may be necessary to match these values with CB manufacturing data to ensure safeoperation of the CB.

CB Control

!


Time between local close command sent by operator and relay order sent to CB (to go out of the room for safety reasons)

CB Control

Waiting time to receive CB Healthy information given by CB. If relay does not receive thisinformation, no more command canbe issued and CB is locked in open position.

This function requires an opto input connected to relay CB Healthy internal data (via PSL Editor).

If not, CB Healthy will be set internally at 1, meaning CB always healthy.

!DDB #037

Opto Label 06DDB #230CB Healthy


Operator action (front panel)

A successful manual close command

If CB is locked, choose lockout reset by :

At the end of this timer

CB Control

Specify which position contacts are wired to the relay opto : 52A for CB Closed position 52B for CB Open position


DATE AND TIME


View / modify date and time (relayfront panel ) When creating setting file, theseare default values

Date and Time

Enable / Disable IRIG-B synchronisation


Reminder : MiCOM S1 Studio

1

2

1. Select relay from Studio Explorer2. Click on Supervise 3. Modify

3


Battery Status

Date and time

When Alarm is disabled, lowbattery will not generate any alarm

In case of power supply failure, the battery will savethe date, time, events, disturbance & fault recorder. Settings/PSL are saved in EEPROM memory : no battery is required to save data even without power supply. Battery life time is 1 year if relay is not supplied or 10 years if relay is permanently supplied.

!


Allow to set automatic time change (UTC, winter/summer time)

Date and time

Winter/Summer time changeovercan be setup accuratelyt

It is possible to set time shift between UTC and local


CONFIGURATION


Configuration

Restore default settings for whole file or setting group only Available only from front panel

4 Settings groups available (PSL included) Setting group change over via Menu or Opto

Enable / Disable protection functions

Enable one function make it visible in the setting group :


Configuration

Display or hide general menus (not protecitonfunctions) Choose display type for settings values (primaryor secondary values)

Display or hide direct quick access usingHOTKEYS or FUNCTION KEYS Setup relay LCD contrast


Select via Opto : Active setting group isselected automatically viaOpto1 and Opto2 (onlythese 2 optos).

Configuration

Opto 1

Opto 2Group 1

0

Opto 1

Opto 2Group 2

0

1

0

Opto 1

Opto 2Group 3

0

1

Opto 1

Opto 2Group 4

1

1

Select via Menu : Active setting group isselected by operator action (relay front panel or front/rear communication to PC). Notes : Opto 1 and 2 can be used for otherapplications

Notes : Opto inputs 1 and 2 must beset in the PSL Setting group change over can be modified only by theseoptos (not through front panel or communication).

Active setting group is selected via the parameter Active Settings


It is possible to set up to 4 setting groups. Each setting group can have differentparameters/PSL

Configuration

It is advised to disable non-usedsetting groups

!


CT AND VT RATIOS


Main voltage transformer ratio (3 phases)

Current transformer ratio (3 phases)

CT and VT Ratios

Neutral current transfomer ratio used for Earth Fault 1 or REF protection function

Sensitive neutral currenttransformer ratio used for SEF or REF high impedance protection function


RECORD CONTROL


Allow to define which information will be stored in event memory

Allow to clear disturbance record memory Only from relay front panel

Record Control

Allow to prevent one protection signal to appear in the event list


DISTURB RECORDER


Configuration of disturbance record duration Selection of operating mode (single or extended)

Selection of Analog Channelssignals (current, voltage)

Disturbance Recorder

Selection of Digital Channelssignals (opto status, output status, start, trip) Selection of trigger for disturbancerecording



Trigger Mode Single : anothertrigger is ignored

Trigger Mode Extended : recordingtime is extended to take into accountsecond trigger



For each digital channel, it is possible to chooseif it is a trigger for disurbance recording :

yes, on rising edge yes, on falling edge no, not a trigger

By default, digital channel linked to Output contact R3 (trip contact) is a trigger.


MEASURET SETUP


Measurement Setup

"Standby" display for relay front panel (after 15 min inactivity)


Measurement Setup

IA5.62A


Measurement Setup

Selected value will be the reference for phase angle calculation


Measurement Setup

ui

ui

u

i

u

i

P

Q

Mode 1

P

Q

Mode 2

ui

ui

u

i

u

i

P

Q

Mode 3

ui

ui

u

i

u

i

P

Q

Mode 0

ui

ui

u

i

u

i

Direction of energy displayed on the relay depends on the selected mode


Measurement Setup

Average values are calculatedduring this period Display is refreshed after eachperiod

Average values are calculatedduring the last x sub periods each sub period lasts y minutes Display is refreshed after each sub-period

For fault location function, select unit for distance and display type for the value.


CB MONITOR SETUP


CB Monitor Setup

Activation of a CB mainenance alarm if limit is reached :

Total broken currents Number of operations Operating time

Select 1 for broken current or 2 for broken squared current


CB Monitor Setup

Activation of CB lockout (in open position) if the limit is reached :

Total broken currents Number of operations Operating time Number of operations in a definite time


OPTO CONFIG


Opto Configuration

It is mandatory to select supply voltage for opto:- same voltage for all inputs- customed for each input

In case no voltage is available, it ispossible to use 48VDC output voltage from the relay to supply opto inputs.


Opto Configuration

150 176VDC220 / 250VDC

75 88VDC110 / 125VDC

32,4 38,4VDC48 / 54VDC

20,4 24VDC30 / 34VDC

16,2 19,2VDC24 / 27VDC

Undefined rangeVoltage range

Opto can be damaged if overvoltageoccurs (more than300VDC )

!

100%

0%

60%

80%1

Previous state*

0

* Schmitt Trigger


Opto Configuration

Each opto input can be filtered. It allows a pre-filteringof half-period wich prevent opto from wiring noise. This filter provide safety but input may be to slow for application such as Intertripping. In this case, we candisable filtering.

1 = opto filtered response time = 10ms 0 = opto non filtered response time < 5ms


SYSTEM CONFIG


System Configuration

It is possible to block current functionswhen harmonic 2 is present (inrush current) Above the high set of current, blocking iscancelled

Select phase sequence (usefull in case phases wiring is reversed)

For each functionbased on current, it ispossible to select the threasholds blocked by 2nd harmonic detection :


OVERCURRENT (50/51/67)


Operating time for settings I>1 and I>2 can beswitched between : Definite Time (DT)OR Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE international curves)

Overcurrent (50/51/67) Elements I>1 and I>2


Settings I>1 and I>2 can be set to :Non directional

ORDirectional Forward

ORDirectional Reverse

Overcurrent (50/51/67)Elements I>1 and I>2

Characteristic angle can be set between -95and +95 Angle is same for all elements Minimal polarising voltage is fixed at 0.5 V (synchronouspolarisation is enabled below this threashold)


Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)


Phase selective

Any phase

Start

PSL :

It is possible to add a fixed timer(offset) to the inverse time curve

Phase selective

Any phase

Trip


Timer before threasholdreinitialisation

Overcurrent (50/51/67) Elements I>1 and I>2

I>1

I>1

TIMER

TIMER

TRIP

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET 0


Elements I>3 and I>4 are onlydefinite time :



Overcurrent (50/51/67)

All threasholds may be individually blockedfollowing :

a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) an inrush current detection (2nd harmonicmethod)



Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : ex. of directional forward element when lossof voltage occurs :

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

Reverse Fault

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

Forward Fault

VT Supervision Blocking

VT Supervision Indication

VT Supervision Disabled


Overcurrent (50/51/67)Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonicdetection) :

Choose blocking for each element Choose blocking operating mode :

1PH detection blocks 1PHOR1PH detection blocks 3PH

1PH detection blocks 1PH1PH detection blocks 3PH



For I>1 and/or I>2 elements, it is possible to reduce threashold when a voltage drop isdetected (function 51V) :for ex. to detect a remote fault

V1

Vrms

k.I>1


NEG SEQ O/C (46)


Operating time for settings I2>1 and I2>2 can beswitched between : Definite Time (DT)OR Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE international curves)

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) Elements I2>1 and I2>2


Settings I2>1 and I2>2 can be set to :Non directional

ORDirectional Forward

ORDirectional Reverse


Characteristic angle can be set between -95and +95 Angle is same for all elements Minimum polarising voltage (Vi) can be set duringcommissioning : above negative sequence voltage in stable conditions



Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)Elements I2>1 and I2>2





I2>1

I2>1

TIMER

TIMER

TRIP

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET 0


Elements I2>3 and I2>4 are onlydefinite time :

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)Elements I2>3 and I2>4


Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)






TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

Reverse Fault

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

Forward Fault






Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonicdetection) :

Choose blocking for each element


BROKEN CONDUCTOR (46BC)


Define ratio of negative sequence current / positive sequence current and associated timer

Note : this function guarantees good operationeven with low level of load current (that is differentfrom function 46)

Broken conductor (46BC)


EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (50N/51N/67N)


Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) 3 types of earth fault protection available

based on IN measurement

based on IN calculation

based on Sensitive IN measurement


Operating time for settings IN>1 and IN>2 can beswitched between : Definite Time (DT)OR Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE international curves)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) Elements IN>1 and IN>2

Note : operation is same for EARTH FAULT 2 and SEF/REF in SEF mode functions


Settings IN>1 and IN>2 can be set to :

Non directionalOR

Directional ForwardOR

Directional Reverse


Characteristic angle can be set between -95and +95 Angle is same for all elements

Polarisation can be performed using : residual voltage (-3Vo) mandatory for SEF function : we can define minimum voltage for polarisation negative sequence elements : in this case, residual current provides starting and direction isdetermined by negative sequence voltage and current : we can define minimum values for theses elements



Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)Elements IN>1 and IN>2





IN>1

IN>1

TIMER

TIMER

TRIP

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET 0


Elements IN>3 and IN>4 are onlydefinite time :

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)Elements IN>3 and IN>4


Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)






TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

Reverse Fault

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

Forward Fault






Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonicdetection) :

Choose blocking for each element


SEF cos(PHI) / sin(PHI)

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) SEF/REF Add-ons

For specific applications, it may be difficult to discriminate healthy from faulty feeder as the residualcurrent may be similar. We can use Icos characteristicas the faulty feeder will have a higher active component than the healthy.For isolated networks, we prefer using Isin

WattmetricIt is possible to add a power criteria from existingelements by choosing Wattmetric characteristic


REF : Restricted Earth Fault

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) SEF/REF Add-ons

For transformer protection it is advised to use instantaneous protection for earth fault at low voltage side. To ensure stability of the protection in case of external fault, we can use : High impedance method Low impedance method (bias characteristic)

Note : It is possible to use both low impedance REF and DTS/Wattmetric function whileusing high impedance REF is exclusive


Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) High impedance REF operating mode principle


Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) Low impedance REF operating mode principle


RESIDUAL O/V NVD (59N)


Operating time for element VN>1 can beswitched between :Definite time (DT)

ORInverse time (IDMT) We can then set the threashold and associatedtimer/TMS

Residual overvoltage (59N)

Note : this function is based on calculated VN = VA+VB+VC

Second element VN>2 is only definite time We just need to set the threashold and associated timer



Residual overvoltage (59N) Element VN>1

TIMER

TIMER

TRIP

TRIP

tRESET = 0

tRESET 0

VN>1

VN>1


THERMAL OVERLOAD (49)


Thermal overload (49)

Note : Single characteristic (one time constant) isused to protect cables or dry transformers. Dual characteristic (two time constants) isused for oil insulated transformers with naturalair cooling

one time constant protects againstslow increase of oil temperature one time constant protects against fastincrease of windings temperature

We define full load current setting (maximum load) It is possible to set an alarm to warn operator of thermal state increase


NEG SEQUENCE O/V


Negative sequence overvoltage

For specific applications where the input voltage must be perfectly balanced (motorsupply), it is advised to use negativesequence overvoltage function Set the threashold and corresponding timer


COLD LOAD PICKUP


Cold Load Pickup

After closing the circuit breaker, it is possible to block phase & earth overcurrent elements, or to define new settings (generally increasethreasholds) during a fix timer. Blocking or new settings will be activatedduring tclp Time Delay after CB closure. Blocking or new settings will also beactivated after tcold Time Delay when CB isopen (load disconnected).

Note : It is possible to modify the 4 phase overcurrent elements and the first element of earth fault 1 & 2 functions.


Cold Load Pickup

If element is set as Enable, the new settings will be applied when function Cold load pickupwill be activated.

Note : Elements will appear in Cold Load Pickup function only if they are enabled in the relevant PHASE OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT functions.

If element is set as Block, it will not beactive anymore when function Cold loadpickup will be activated.


Cold Load Pickup

Cold Load Pickup function activation is linked to circuit breaker position. It is thus necessary to wire CB position on relay digital inputs. CB position is managed by two signals: 52A (CB CLOSED) & 52B (CB OPEN). If only one signal is available, the other one will automatically be calculated by the protection.

REMINDER : CB position should be defined bothin settings file & PSL file with coherence:


Cold Load Pickup

52B

Functionactivation

52A

tclp tcold

Note : If CB position (52A or 52B) is not available, it is possible to activate the functionusing the signal CLP initiate . Behaviour will be the same as 52B signal (check abovediagram).

Activation of Cold Load Pickup function


SELECTIVE LOGIC


Selective logic

On specific logic input activation for example it is possible to modify timers of elements 3 & 4 for overcurrent functions(phase & earth)

Note : It is possible to modify elements 3 & 4 for OVERCURRENT, EARTH FAULT 1 & 2 and SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT (SEF).


Selective logic

New timer settings will be applied as long as blocking signals will be active (PSL configuration):

Note : if Selective Logic function is disabled, signals such as I>3 Timer Block willcompletely block the corresponding element while if Selective Logic function is enabled, element is not blocked anymore but new timer settings will be applied.


VOLT PROTECTION


50 V50 V

No start of element V


Voltage Protection

Operating mode:

Any phase : protection will start if faultappears on any of the three phases Three Phase : protection will start only if fault appears on the three phases

Note : measurement mode and operating mode are defined for each function UNDER VOLTAGE & OVERVOLTAGE. They will be applied for all elements of each function.


Voltage Protection

Function definition

Settings for a definite time element: Level Timer

Settings for an inverse time curve element(available only for first element V1):Trev = K / (1 M)with :K = time multiplier setting TMSM = ratio measured voltage / voltage threashold


Voltage Protection

Inhibition of Under Voltage protection when CB is open

It is possible to block undervoltage elements whenCB is open: just enable setting Poledead Inh


FREQ PROTECTION


Frequency Protection

Function definition

Setting definition: Threashold value Timer

Note : 4 elements available for UNDER FREQUENCY function and 2 elements for OVER FREQUENCY function.


Frequency Protection

Inhibition of Under Frequency protection when CB is open

It is possible to block underfrequency elementswhen CB is open: just check box Poledead Blk for the required element:


DF/DT PROTECTION


df/dt protection

Function configuration

Element configuration : Threashold value (df/dt rate in Hz/s) Timer (for trip) Direction:

Negative for falling frequency conditions operation Positive for rising frequency conditions operation Both

Note : 4 elements available for DF/DT function


df/dt protection

Rate of change of frequency calculation

Rate of change calculation on 6 cycles will befaster but less accurate than 12 cycles calculation.Maximum fault detection delay is:

t = 2 x M + 1 (in cycles)where M = df/dt Avg.Cycles


CB FAIL & I


Breaker failure

CB Fail elements are strictlyindependant

!

CB Fail stage 1 (re-trip) with correspondingtimer

CB Fail stage 2 (bad-trip) with correspondingtimer

Note : after protection trips, if CB is not open before the end of set timer, CB fail elementwill operate


Breaker failure

CB Open

Bfail 1 activation

Trip

CB Fail 1 timer

CB Fail function operation

CB Open

Bfail 1 activation

Trip.

CB Fail 1 timer

No Breaker Failure

Breaker Failure


Breaker failure

Acknowledge CB Fail when it has been started by a non current based protection: I< only : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set. CB Open & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND protection relay receivesexternal signal for CB open position (fromdigital input). Prot Reset & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND started elements has stopped (fault has disappeared)


Breaker failure

Acknowledge CB Fail when it has been started by an external protection: I< only : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set. CB Open & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND protection relay receivesexternal signal for CB open position (fromdigital input). Prot Reset & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND started elements has stopped (fault has disappeared)

* Requires an opto input assigned to External Trip signal in PSL:


Breaker failure

When CB fail acknowledge criteria I< is used, we definelevels of current under which current is considered has disappeared:I< Current Set and IN< Current Set for all functionsbased on current (except SEF) + protections non basedon current + external protectionsISEF< Current for Sensitive Earth Fault protection (SEF)

It can be interesting to block start signals for first elements I> and IN> when CB fail conditions occurs:when these signals are used to block anotherprotection, CB fail allow to stop blocking it so that it cantrip corresponding CB.


SUPERVISION


CT & VT Supervision

In case of VT failure, VTS can operate as: Indication = an alarm is raised Blocking = optional blocking of voltage dependant protection elements + optionalconversion of directional overcurrentelements to non-directional

After a VT failure detected by VTS, blockingsignal will be latched after the delay VTS Time Delay VTS Reset Mode: Acknowledgement of blocking can be manual (front panel or communication) or automatic after restorationof the 3 phase voltages (3 V > fix threashold 30V for Vn=100/120V)

Note : VTS operates when a residual voltage is detected without negative sequencecurrent. In case of loss of voltage on the 3 phases, other calculation will take place to detect VT failure.


CT & VT Supervision

It is possible to disable VTS blocking if phase current (or negative seq. current) is above the threashold VTS I> Inhibit (or VTS I2> Inhibit). For example, in case of a close up threephases fault on line energisation, VTS functionshould not block tripping!


CT & VT Supervision

CT Supervision activation

If a zero sequence current appears abovethe CTS IN> Set and the zero sequencevoltage is below the CTS VN< Inhibit, CTS function will operate. An alarm is raised on relay front panel afterCTS Time Delay

Note : CTS operates when a zero sequence current (calculated) appears when no zerosequence voltage is measured or calculated.When CTS function starts, protection functions based on calculated values (such as Broken Conductor, Earth Fault 2, Negative sequence overcurrent) are automaticallyblocked.Other functions can be blocked by customising the PSL using signals CTS Block -instantaneous or CT Fail Alarm - time delayed:


FAULT LOCATOR


Fault locator

Line length can be set in miles or km:

Line Impedance: positive sequence line impedance Line Angle: angle of positive sequenceimpedance kZN Residual: zero sequence line impedance kZn Res Angle: angle of zero sequenceimpedance

Note : distance to fault is displayed in the fault report. It can be displayed as a distance, as an impedance or as % of line length:

- p142 -protection functions - v42_se-en

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