Started to crawl To stand up To walk

Now find out how this compares with the ‘norm’

Lesson objective

To begin to learn the factors that affect Human Growth and Development

Success criteria

To complete the mind map

To be able to discuss the meanings and terms covered during the lesson.

To begin to answer the exam questions

Physical Intellectual Emotional Social

The focus of this unit is to develop awareness of the norms of development and to learn how different live factors can affect development in different ways.

Individuals develop at different rates. The rate at which an individual develops is measured against ‘the norms’ of the development. What do you think NORM means?If we understand what these ‘norms’ are we can analyse if an individual is ahead of the life stage or matches the ‘norm’.

What can affect our growth and development?Which has the stronger influence ‘nature or

nurture’?Many factors affect our development, Inherited disability (known as the nature factor) The experiences we have known as the ‘ nurture

factors’. In other words are the skills we learn inherited,

or are they learnt? We usually behave in a particular way because of

such influences.

You should be able to describe expected patterns of physical growth and change, and the physical, intellectual, emotional and social changes that typically take place during each of the five main life stages. These are

Infancy 0-2 Childhood 3-8 Adolescence 9-18 Early Adulthood – 19-44 Middle Adulthood - 45-65 Later adulthood 65+

Infancy - childhood Adolescence Early adulthood

Middle adulthood

Later adulthood

Working in groups of three – and using your slips of paper list as many characteristics of development that link into physical, intellectual, emotional and social

PIES

Physical characteristics

Being able to walk

Having the ability to skip

Lack of mobility

Puberty

Social Social characteristics characteristics

Interacting with Interacting with othersothers

Going to partiesGoing to parties Discussing Discussing

views and views and opinionsopinions

Emotional Emotional

CharacteristicsCharacteristics LoveLove AngerAnger Trusting othersTrusting others HappinessHappiness Caring for Caring for

othersothersIntellectual Intellectual

characteristicscharacteristics Ability to think Ability to think

for themselvesfor themselves Ability to readAbility to read Making puzzles Making puzzles Communicating Communicating

with others with others

Size - how big is a person or object

Mass – having the ability to perform a task

Intellectual abilityIntellectual ability – brain power – brain power

MatureMature – to be – to be well developed well developed and wiserand wiser

Self-image Self-image the the picture we have of picture we have of ourselvesourselves

Emotional Emotional responsesresponses – answers – answers that show feelingsthat show feelings

EmotionalEmotional – how – how individuals feelindividuals feel

Self –image - Self –image - the the picture we have of picture we have of ourselves ourselves

Self esteemSelf esteem how a how a person feels about person feels about themselvesthemselves

Social –Social – integration/mixing integration/mixing with otherswith others

SocializationSocialization – – getting use to getting use to interaction with interaction with others. others.

Intellectual abilityIntellectual ability

SocializationSocialization

Self esteemSelf esteemSelf –imageSelf –image

EmotionalEmotional

Intellectual abilityIntellectual ability

Birth mass is the mass of a baby at its birth. It has direct links with the gestational age (length of the pregnancy) at which the child was born and can be estimated during the pregnancy by measuring fundal height.

A baby born within the normal range of mass for that gestational age is known as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Those born above or below that range have often had an unusual rate of development – this often indicates complications with the pregnancy that may affect the baby or its mother.

Size and mass- growth which is increased

Development skills, intellectual ability and emotional responses that a person gains at each stage of development

Emotional development is about feelings and how we behave when we have them.

Love Hate Fear Anger Disgust Curiosity Surprise guilt

Infancy is a period of fast growth Infants double their birth weight in the

first six months They double it again in the first three

years Centile charts show the normal range of

weight or height for boys and girls at different ages

There are different centile charts for boys and girls as boys are usually heavier

At birth infants are helpless

They have reflexes

Sucking reflex

Grasping reflex

Stepping reflex

Rooting reflex

Startle reflex

Word check primitive reflexes – basic reactions

Unique – special/particular To one person or thing

Milestones – stages in development

Task list 1. Pick the name of the infant you are going to

study2. Begin with the range of images – 3. Start to draw up your time line – 4. Begin to stick in images to help you learn

what the stages are5. Use as many key words as possible in the

correct context6. Using a range of coloured pens to indicate

which part of PIES the development is connected to

3 months3 months Infants can sit with their head held steady for a few seconds, if supportedInfants can sit with their head held steady for a few seconds, if supported

6 months 6 months Infants have more strength and muscle control. They can lift their heads , sit without support, and Infants have more strength and muscle control. They can lift their heads , sit without support, and turn their head to look around. turn their head to look around.

They can pull themselves up when their hands are graspedThey can pull themselves up when their hands are grasped

9 months9 months Infants can sit unsupported for ten minutes.Infants can sit unsupported for ten minutes.

They are starting to move independently by rolling or squirming.They are starting to move independently by rolling or squirming.

They can pull themselves to stand, and can stand holding onto soemthing for a few moments They can pull themselves to stand, and can stand holding onto soemthing for a few moments

12 months 12 months Infants can get from a lying to a sitting position without help.Infants can get from a lying to a sitting position without help.

They crawl rapidly.They crawl rapidly.

They can walk by holding onto furniture and stand alone for a few monments.They can walk by holding onto furniture and stand alone for a few monments.

15 months15 months Infants can get on their feet alone.Infants can get on their feet alone.

They can walk and crawl upstairs. They can walk and crawl upstairs.

18 months18 months Infants can run, walk upstairs and crawl downstairs .Infants can run, walk upstairs and crawl downstairs .

2 years 2 years Infants can walk downstairs.Infants can walk downstairs.

3 years 3 years Infants can climb on play equipment, ride a tricycle and throw and catch a ball. Infants can climb on play equipment, ride a tricycle and throw and catch a ball.

3 to 6 monthsBabies at this age enjoy making sounds. Not only do they like to laugh and squeal with pleasure and excitement, but they perfect their ability to gurgle, coo, and blow raspberries. Some begin to make consonant sounds (n, d, p, b), most can link sounds with the objects that made them, and by the time they reach 6 months of age, they often start to actually imitate sounds.

6 to 9 monthsBabies will babble at this age. During these months, most babies start to vocalize a lot more in ways other than crying, not the least of which is laughing more frequently. You're also likely to notice a progression in your baby's talking abilities — from making four different consonant sounds or stringing together chains of vowel-consonant sounds to combining syllables into word-like utterances and shouting to attract attention.

9 to 12 monthsBabies will say their first words during this time. At 9 months, infants are often fairly talented at multi-syllable babbling and imitating sounds. Over the subsequent months, you may find that your baby starts to imitate the tone and inflection in your voice as well and may even say his first word.

Words such as "mama" and "dada" clearly have meaning to infants at this age, and some will even say them by the time they turn 1. ("Dada" is much more common than "mama," not as a reflection of a baby's preference, but because "da" is a much easier sound to make than "ma.")

Also at this age babies develop improved nonverbal communication skills. This is a fun age, where many babies not only start to communicate verbally, but clearly seem to understand more and interact more. They typically learn to point in response to simple questions such as "Where's the ball?" or "Where's Mommy?" and to wave good-bye.

12 to 18 monthsKids this age will continue to improve their communication skills. By 12 to 15 months, the average child says two or more words besides "dada" and "mama." Some 18-month-olds will even begin to put two words together, although this is considered to be a 2-year-old accomplishment.

In addition to talking, most toddlers at this age can imitate animal sounds, recognize objects by name, and follow commands. You're likely to find that this newly developed ability to follow directions is particularly endearing when your toddler begins to give a hug or kiss when asked.

While your toddler is probably making great strides in communicating at this age, it helps to be aware that toddlers at this age can become very frustrated because they can understand a lot more than they can say.

18 to 24 monthsToddlers at this age will greatly increase their vocabulary and ability to understand. The average toddler toward the end of the second year can say 30 to 50 words and make two-word sentences. Even more impressive is their ability to understand and follow simple commands.

2 yearsTwo-year-olds talk in sentences. While the typical 2-year-old has a vocabulary of 30-50 words and can put two words together, another year of language development usually brings the ability to make three-word sentences and communicate more effectively.

Not only do children start to use pronouns such as I, me, you, and we, but they also start to use them to express emotions (in ways other than through tantrums!).

Two-year-olds also learn to name and categorize. They commonly learn the names of five or more body parts and are able to recite their own names (first and last) by the time they reach their third birthday. Sorting objects according to category and understanding descriptive categories like "big" and "little" or "soft" and "hard" are also typical accomplishments at this age.

By the time a child is 3 years old, grown-ups should be able to understand at least 75 percent of what he says.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JmA2ClUvUY

3 months3 months Infants make noise when they are spoken to.Infants make noise when they are spoken to.

6 months 6 months Infants practise making sounds, repeating syllables like ‘mum-mum’ and ‘dad-dad’.Infants practise making sounds, repeating syllables like ‘mum-mum’ and ‘dad-dad’.

They begin to learn the sounds their carers make mean something.They begin to learn the sounds their carers make mean something.

They understand a couple of words like ‘no’ and ‘bye bye’.They understand a couple of words like ‘no’ and ‘bye bye’.

9 months9 months Infants know their own name and understand several words.Infants know their own name and understand several words.

They understand simple commands with gestures, like ‘give it to mummy’.They understand simple commands with gestures, like ‘give it to mummy’.

12 months 12 months Infants understand and obey simple commands like ‘bring it here’.Infants understand and obey simple commands like ‘bring it here’.

They can say a few words and understand many more.They can say a few words and understand many more.

15 months15 months Infants will try to join in with nursery rhymes. Soon after this they can put a few words togther to Infants will try to join in with nursery rhymes. Soon after this they can put a few words togther to make simple sentences. make simple sentences.

18 months18 months Infants can use around 50 words and understand many more.Infants can use around 50 words and understand many more.

2 years 2 years Infants use around 200 words.Infants use around 200 words.

They can say a few nursery rhymes.They can say a few nursery rhymes.

They ask questions all the time, like ‘What’s that?They ask questions all the time, like ‘What’s that?

3 years 3 years Infants have learnt a lot more words and can carry on simple conversations with adults. Infants have learnt a lot more words and can carry on simple conversations with adults.

Egocentric – self-important This means that infants can only see

the world from their own point of view. Bonding – growing close to someone,

usually the main carer or mother

Examples of emotional development Examples of emotional development newbornnewborn Enjoys having a cuddle from parents or main carerEnjoys having a cuddle from parents or main carer

Gazes into parent’s eyesGazes into parent’s eyesMoves whole body to express enjoymentMoves whole body to express enjoymentSmiles at parentSmiles at parent

3 months3 months Recognizes familiar people and smilesRecognizes familiar people and smilesShows enjoyment at bath timeShows enjoyment at bath timeEnjoys being talked toEnjoys being talked to

6 months6 months Afraid of strangersAfraid of strangersCries and laughs when others do this, so recognizing the emotions of othersCries and laughs when others do this, so recognizing the emotions of othersLaughs when enjoying activatesLaughs when enjoying activates

9 months9 months Expresses fear of strangers by cryingExpresses fear of strangers by cryingDislikes going to bed and will express their feelingsDislikes going to bed and will express their feelingsLikes comfort objects, for example, teddy bear or comfort blanketLikes comfort objects, for example, teddy bear or comfort blanketLikes being noisyLikes being noisy

1 year1 year Very affectionate towards familyVery affectionate towards familyEnjoys playing gamesEnjoys playing gamesShy towards strangersShy towards strangers

2 years 2 years Able to express their feelingsAble to express their feelingsGets angry if they cannot express themselvesGets angry if they cannot express themselvesLikes to try out new activitiesLikes to try out new activitiesCan be confident and independent, or clingy and dependent on parent or main carerCan be confident and independent, or clingy and dependent on parent or main carer

3 years 3 years Begins to be interested in others and can be friendlyBegins to be interested in others and can be friendlyHappy to share toys with othersHappy to share toys with othersEnjoys pleasing adultsEnjoys pleasing adultsCan show concern for others. Can show concern for others.

Newborn infants have no sense of personal identity, however, they do like company.

They are very interested in faces and soon get to recognise their main carer, this is known as bonding.

The way an infant is cared for the easier they will find it to make friends in later life.

Infants begin to develop their self esteem which helps them cope with independence.