_______ – structural support and insulation _________ – communication soma – cell body...
TRANSCRIPT
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_______ – structural support and insulation
_________ – communicationSoma – cell body__________ – receiveAxon – transmit away_______________ – speeds up transmissionTerminal Button – end of axon;
secretes neurotransmitters_________________ – chemical messengers
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Figure 3.1 Structure of the neuron
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Hodgkin & Huxley (1952) - giant squidFluids inside and outside neuron Electrically charged particles (ions)Neuron at rest – negative charge on inside
compared to outside-70 millivolts – resting potential
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Stimulation causes __________________ to open briefly
Positively charged ________ ions flow in Shift in electrical charge travels along
neuron The _____________ __________________ law
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Figure 3.2 The neural impulse
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Animation 3.1 Neuron and Neural Impulse
Windows Mac OS X
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_________ cleft Presynaptic neuron
Synaptic _______ Neurotransmitters
Postsynaptic neuron_________ sites
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Animation 3.2 Synaptic Transmission
Windows Mac OS X
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Figure 3.3 The synapse
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Voltage change at receptor site – _______________ (PSP)Not all-or-noneChanges the probability of the postsynaptic
neuron firing Positive voltage shift – ____________ PSP Negative voltage shift – ___________ PSP
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Figure 3.4 Overview of synaptic transmission
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One neuron, signals from thousands of other neurons
________________Patterns of neural activityInterconnected neurons that _____
together or sequentially Synaptic connections
__________ and creationSynaptic ________
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Specific _________________ work at specific synapsesLock and key mechanism
_______ – mimics neurotransmitter action Antagonist – opposes action of a
neurotransmitter More than ___ neurotransmitters known at
present Interactions between neurotransmitter
circuits
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Table 3.1 Common Neurotransmitters and Some of their Functions
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__________________ (CNS)________ = toward the CNS________ = away from the CNS
Peripheral nervous system___________ nervous system_________ nervous system (ANS)
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
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Figure 3.5 Organization of the human nervous system
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Figure 3.6 The central and peripheral nervous systems
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Figure 3.7 The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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Damage studies/_________ Electrical stimulation (ESB) Brain imaging –
computerized tomography __________ emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging
________________ magnetic stimulation (TMS)
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________ – vital functions – medulla, pons, and cerebellum
_________ – sensory functions – dopaminergic projections, reticular activating system
_________ – emotion, complex thought – thalamus, ____________ , limbic system, cerebrum, cerebral cortex
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______ _____________ – two specialized halves connected by the _____________________ hemisphere – verbal processing:
language, speech, reading, writing______ hemisphere – nonverbal processing:
spatial, musical, visual recognition
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Animation 3.7 Right Brain/Left Brain
Windows Mac OS X
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_____ Lobes:Occipital – vision________ - somatosensoryTemporal - auditory_________ – movement, executive control
systems
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Figure 3.12 Structures and areas in the human brain
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Figure 3.14 The cerebral hemispheres and the corpus callosum
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Figure 3.15 The cerebral cortex in humans
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Figure 3.16 Language processing in the brain
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________ – chemical messengers in the bloodstream
______ glandsPituitary – “master gland,” growth hormone______ – metabolic rateAdrenal – salt and carbohydrate metabolism________ – sugar metabolismGonads – sex hormones
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_________ – strands of DNA carrying genetic informationHuman cells contain ___ chromosomes
in pairs (sex-cells – 23 single)Each chromosome – thousands of genes,
also in pairs ____________ traits
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_______ studies – does it run in the family? _______ studies – compare resemblance of
identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins on a _____
________ studies – examine resemblance between adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents
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Figure 3.19 Genetic relatedness
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Figure 3.20 Twin studies of intelligence and personality
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Based on Darwin’s ideas of _______________ Reproductive success key
__________ – behavioral as well as physical____________ responseTaste preferencesParental investment and mating