综合英语（一）Unit 5 How to Be True to Yourself

主讲人：高娜娟

Contents

1. Background of the text

2. Text comprehension

3. Text structure

4. Language points

5. Analysis the long sentences in the text

1. Denis Waitley (1933- ) is one of the most sought-after keynote speakers and productivity consultants in the world today. Waitley is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, and a former Navy pilot.

1. Background of the text

His clients and audiences include Fortune 500 top executives and multi-national corporations, small business owners and entrepreneurs, Superbowl champions, Olympic medallists, Apollo astronauts, U.S. Armed Forces, world leaders and foreign governments, educators and youth groups. In addition to his popularity in the U.S. Dr. Waitley is one of the most respected, high performance coaches in Australia, Canada, Dubai, New Zealand, Ireland, Latin America, Malaysia, Singapore, and China.

1. Background of the text

For the past 40 years, he has inspired, informed and enlightened millions of individuals with his 15 non-fiction books, hundreds of audio programmes and entertaining, penetrating live keynote lectures, seminars and television appearances.

In 2008 Dr. Waitley published his book entitled The Dragon and the Eagle: China and America: Growing Together, Worlds Apart, which has captured the interest of Wetern and Far Eastern business leaders, educators, students and travelers.

1. Background of the text

2. Russian nesting doll A Russian nest doll is a set of dolls of

decreasing sizes placed one inside another. The most traditional nesting doll design is one that looks like a young Russian woman dressed in Russian native costume with a scarf on her head. The number of dolls in the set ranges from 5 to 30, but some custom-made sets contain many more. Russian nesting dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, ranging from fairy tale characters to Soviet leaders.

1. Background of the text

3. Ogilvy & Mather Ogilvy & Mather is an advertising agency

headquartered in New York City founded in 1948 by the oft-quoted David Ogilvy. Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide describes itself as one of the largest marketing communications networks in the world servicing more Fortune Global 500 companies in five or more countries than any other agency. Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide is the agency created by British-born advertising legend David Ogilvy in 1948, virtually from scratch. It now has 35 US offices and a further 359 worldwide in over 90 countries.

1. Background of the text

4. Sirens Sirens: (in ancient Greek literature)

any of a group of women-like creatures whose sweet singing charmed sailors and caused the wreck of their ships. In this text, however, the word siren is metaphorically used to refer to a method that brings the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations.

 

1. Background of the text

1. What are the three key principles of the Integrity Triad?

2. What does the author conclude from the example of a surgical operation?

3. What can we conclude from the example of the firm Ogilvy & Mather?

4. What do people who lack genuine core values usually do? Why?

5. Which two factors serve as the components of integrity and as the basis for enriching one’s relationship with others?

6. What does a life of principle signify according to the author’s grandparents?

2. Text comprehension

1. Part 1 (Para. 1): The beginning of this essay—from his grandparents’ motto, the author introduces his topic: integrity is fundamental in every area of society and is the value we must demand if ourselves.

2. Part 2 (Paras. 2-14): The body of the essay—the deductive elaboration of the Integrity Triad: the three key principles.

3. Part 3 (Para. 15): The conclusion of the essay—the author further explains what integrity means and points out what benefit and prospect a life of principle will bring you.

3. Text structure

1. demonstrate: v. prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or providing examples; show or prove clearly 证明，论证，证实 His last remark demonstrates his total ignorance of the unfaithfulness of his wife. （他的最后一段话证明了他对妻子的不忠一无所知。） Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed. （伽利略证实了重量不同的物体落下时的速度是一样的。） The first-aid instructor demonstrated the correct way to bandage a wound. （急救指导员示范了正确的包扎伤口的方法。）

4. Language points

2. morality: n. rightness or honesty of behaviour 道德

One sometimes wonders if there is any morality in war. （人们有时怀疑战争这东西是否有道理可言。）

Have standards of morality improved? （道德标准是否已有所改进？）

4. Language points

3. conviction: n. very firm and sincere belief 坚定的信仰，坚信，深信

Mrs. Curie is a woman of strong convictions. （居里夫人是位信念坚定的妇女。）

She has a firm conviction that she is always right. （她坚信自己总是正确的。）

4. Language points

4. ensure: v. make it certain that sth. will happen 确保，保证

If you want to ensure that you get the diploma, you have to work harder and take all these curricula and pass them. （如果你想确保获得文凭，就得努力些，选修所有这些课程并通过考试。）

4. Language points

5. appoint: .v. choose ofr a position or job 任命，委任 The local government decided to appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school. （当地政府决定立即委派一名新教师到那所山村小学去。） A committee was appointed to investigate the pollution problems in that place. （已任命委员会调查那里的污染问题。）

4. Language points

6. status: n. one’s social or professional rank or position 身份，地位 Some people think owning such an expensive car will give them status. （有些人认为拥有如此豪华的车将会给他们以高贵的身份。）7. preserve: v. keep unchanged; cause (a condition) to last 保持，维护 It is the duty of the police to preserve public order. （警察的责任是维护公共秩序。） The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies from decay. （古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法。）

4. Language points

8. sell out: be disloyal or unfaithful to one’s principles 背叛原则，出卖朋友 He was a good writer, but he sold out and now just writes for money. （他曾经是个不错的作家，但他出卖原则，现在只为金钱而写作。）9. at hand: near in place or time 在手边，在近处；即将到来 When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary close at hand. （他写作时，总是把一本字典放在手边。） Our National Day is at hand. （我们的国庆日就要到了。）

4. Language points

10. demand sth. of sb.: need in order to be successful 需要，要求某人…（努力、勤劳等）

Work of this nature demands personal sacrifices of those who embark on it. （这种性质的工作要求个人做出许多牺牲。）

4. Language points

11. stand for: have as a set of aims or principles; support 支持，主张，拥护 Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for. （在我们投他的票之前，我们想知道他主张什么。） The Republic Party of China stands for the interests of the broad masses of the people. （中国共产党代表广大人民的利益。） I wouldn’t stand for that sort of treatment if I were you. （如果我是你，我就不能容忍那种待遇。）

4. Language points

12. in the face of: in spite of 尽管面临 In the face of difficulties and

hardships, she managed to keep her sense of humor. （面对着极大的苦难，她仍设法保持了幽默感。）

In the face of death, the general remained calm and cool, showing no sign of fear. （面对死亡，将军保持平静，没有一点恐惧的表现。）

4. Language points

13. account for: give a satisfactory explanation for 解释…的原因，对…作出解释 The suspect couldn’t account for his time that night. （嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排。） How do you account for losing five games in a row? （你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢？） There is no accounting for tastes. （人各有所好。） North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our export earnings. （北海石油占我国出口收入的很大一部分。）

4. Language points

14. back down: admit that one was wrong; accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim 放弃论点、意见、要求，让步

The opponents refused to back down. （对方不愿让步。） Since most of the people present

agreed with her, I had to back down. （大多数到会的人都同意她的意见，我只好放弃原来的意见了。）

4. Language points

15. win the day: be successful; gain victory 成功，胜利

In the end, the arguments of the environmentalists won the day. （最终，环保论者的观点胜利了。）

Their persuasiveness will win the day. （他们的劝告将会成功。）

4. Language points

1. They didn’t have to talk about it—they demonstrated the motto by the way they lived. (Para. 1, Lines 4-5)【改写】 It was not necessary for them to

explain it—their way of life clearly showed the meaning of the motto.【译文】他们不必解释这句座右铭——他们用自己的生活方式来印证它。

5. Analysis the long sentences in the text

2. They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (Para. 2, Lines 1-3)【改写】 They understood by nature that integrity means that one should have a personal standard for judging what is morally right and wrong. He does what he thinks he should do, not what he thinks will help him and his judgement is not affected by any external circumstances.【译文】他们本能地明白，诚信意味着有一套自己的道德与伦理的标准，这种标准不会向私利妥协，也与个人当前的处境无关。

5. Analysis the long sentences in the text

3. David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, made this point clear to his newly appointed office heads by sending each a Russian nestling doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. (Para. 10, Lines 1-3)【改写】 David Ogilby was founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather. He conveyed the message to his newly appointed office heads through giving each person a Russian nestling doll in which are fitted five figures, each of which is smaller than the previous one.【译文】奥美广告公司的创始人大卫 ·奥格威，通过这样的方式向他新任命的各部门主管明确指出这点：他给每个人发了一组俄罗斯套娃，每组里都套着 5 个依次缩小的娃娃。

5. Analysis the long sentences in the text

4. People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors—their liiks or status –in order to feel good about themselves. (Para. 12, Lines 1-3)【改写】 People who do not have real and

fundamental moral principles depend on the aspects outside of themselves such as their appearance or position—so as to have confidence in themselves.【译文】内心空虚的人总是依赖外在的因素——外表或身份——以自我感觉良好。

5. Analysis the long sentences in the text

5. A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. (Para. 15, 2-3)【改写】 If one does not yield to the lure of

the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits based on practical rather than moral considerations, one will always be successful / will invariably gain victories.【译文】如果能在生活中坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的诱惑，就总能获得成功。

5. Analysis the long sentences in the text