who were some of fdr’s largest critics? why did fdr try to reorganize the judiciary?
TRANSCRIPT
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Who were some of FDR’s largest critics? Why did FDR try to reorganize the judiciary?
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Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States◦ Sick chicken case
Court ruled that the NIRA was unconstitutional because:1.Gave legislative powers to executive branch2.Some of the industry codes covered business that
took place in a state, whereas the fed gov’t has power to regulate commerce between states only
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Passed after provisions of NIRA declared unconstitutional.
Instead of supporting businesses, government was now on the side of the unions
Employers had to bargain with workers Established unfair labor practices –
threatening workers, firing non union members
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United States v. Butler
Processing tax out of which farmers were paid to restrict production was not a tax at all
Way of regulating agriculture◦ Went beyond proper power of Congress
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If 2/3 of the farmers in a district agreed, each would be given a quota of acres to plant staple crops
Surpluses were no longer destroyed, it would be put in storage and $$ was lent to the farmer for living expenses.
Gave farmers same purchasing power as farmers had between 1910-1914
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Claimed the New Deal was unconstitutional and FDR was heading towards a dictatorship
Most members = rich industrialists Alfred Smith was a member – Hoover
refused to join Called FDR a traitor to his class
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New Deal not doing enough
I, Governor of California, and How I Ended Poverty (1930)
Ran for governor of Cali in 1934◦ Caused Republicans to use a public relations firm
as a means to win the election now standard practice
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came up with a plan that would pay everyone over 60 yrs. $200 a month◦ They must spend that within 30 days◦ Keep $$ circulating and keep business healthy
Attracted 20 million to join his organization – failed to last or achieve much
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Catholic Priest Delivered Sunday sermons via radio – reached
millions Shift from religious issues to political and social
issues Originally supported FDR Became obvious he was anti-Semitic, &
supported Hitler Catholic Church made him stop broadcasting
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Senator from Louisiana Very energetic speaker Gave University funds for the Sugar Bowl
stadium “Share the Wealth” - $5,000 guaranteed
income for every family◦ Funded by taking over wealth of millionaires,
dividing up natural resources and land Killed FDR’s greatest political threat
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FDR v. Alfred Landon Roosevelt won in a greater landslide
◦ Electoral vote was 523 to 8 First election where the unions gave full
support to a single candidate First time candidates campaigned from an
airplane
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Asked Congress to reorganize the judiciary Said that if the justices did not retire w/in 6
months of turning 70, the President should have power to appoint additional judges
Supreme Court=6 justices over 70 FDR had not yet appointed a justice and felt
the Court was too conservative w/rulings on AAA, NIRA.
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Idea criticized by Congress and press Called the bill the Court-Packing Bill
◦ Fill SC w/justices supporting New Deal Bill never passed Congress, BUT…1. 2 justices changed votes in favor for fed gov’t
to regulate economy2. Conservative justice retired3. Roosevelt appointed 7 justices over next 4 yrs
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More conservatives elected to Congress No more new Deal Legislation passed =
New Deal is over