world’s oceans cover 71% of the earth’s surface oceans
TRANSCRIPT
World’s oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface
OCEANS
Salt content and water temperature affect water density
WATER DENSITY
More dense (heavier) – colder and saltier
Less dense (lighter) – warmer and less salty
WATER DENSITY
Currents driven by heating and cooling, gravity, and water density
CURRENTS
Great Ocean Conveyor
Upwelling – vertical flow of cold, nutrient-rich water toward the surface
UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING
Horizontal currents diverge
Downwelling – surface waters sink
UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING
Surface currents converge
Warm water pushed down
3 zones photic, aphotic, and benthic
3 zones of the photic zoneIntertidal NeriticOpen ocean
OCEAN STRUCTURE
Intertidal zone High tide line to the lowest low tide line
Intertidal organisms have to be able to withstand being submerged in water, beat by waves, being exposed to the air and sun
3 PHOTIC ZONES
INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS
Intertidal zone (cont’d)Nutrient richLarge number of organisms some burrow into the sand until high tide returns
3 PHOTIC ZONES
Neritic ecosystemExtends from low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf
SunlitMost productive ecosystems
Kelp forests Coral reefs
3 PHOTIC ZONES
NERITIC ECOSYTEMS
Kelp forestSupplies shelter and food for invertebrates
Invertebrates provide food for predators
Absorbs wave energy and protects shores from erosion
NERITIC ZONE
Coral ReefsShallow tropical & subtropicalTiny invertebrates Get nourishment from symbiotic algae
Corals die and leave behind their calcium carbonate skeleton
Protect shorelines
NERITIC ZONES
Begins at the edge of the continental shelf
Least productive ecosystem!
OPEN OCEAN
Limited photosynthesis occursPhytoplankton are typically the base of food chains in the open ocean
Eaten by zooplanktonEaten by fish, jellyfish, whales, etcThese can be become food for predators
OPEN OCEAN
Animals have many adaptations that allow them to live in the dark and cold parts of the ocean
OPEN OCEAN
Rely on hydrothermal ventsBacteria use the energy from the heated water that flows from the vents
Many species feed on the bacteria and the food chain can continue
BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS
HYDRO-THERMALVENTS
ventstubeworms