KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 1

= yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];: rkfhyj; njha;TfSk; mtrpakhd rPh;jpUj;jq;fSk;

vk;.vk;.gh]py;

rpNu~;l tpupTiuahsu; murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

,yq;if njd;fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofk;.

vk;.V.vk;.ngsru;

rpNu~;l tpupTiuahsu; murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

,yq;if njd;fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofk;.

Correspondence: fazrasm@seu.ac.lk

fl;Liur; RUf;fk;: ,yq;ifapd; ,uz;lhtJ rpWghd;ik Njrpa ,dkhd K];ypk;fs; kpf ePz;lfhy murpay; tuyhw;wpidf; nfhz;lth;fs;. fhydpj;Jt fhyj;jpy; kj> fyhrhu kWkyh;r;rpAld; Muk;gpj;j K];ypk; murpay;> ,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpw;ghL rpq;fs ngsj;j Njrpaj;JlDk; jkpo; Njrpaj;JlDk; ,uz;lwf; fye;jpUe;jJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; 1980 fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; ,yq;ifapd; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; ,Ue;j mrhjhuz #o;epiy K];ypk;fSf;nfd;W jdpahd murpay; ,af;fnkhd;W Njhw;wk; ngWtjid ,aYkhdjhf;fpaJ. ,t;tpjk; kiwe;j vk;.vr;.vk;. m~;u/gpdhy; K];ypk;fSf;nfd Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l murpay; ,af;fNk = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; MFk;. ,t;tpaf;fk; K];ypk;fSf;nfd jdpj;Jt murpay; milah sj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jJld; m~;u/gpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; Njrpa murpaypy; kpfTk; tPupaj;Jld; nraw;gl;lJ. vdpDk; m~;u/gpd; jpBh; kiwT mth; cUthf;fpa murpay; ,af;fj;jpid gpsTgLj;jpaJld; K];ypk; murpay; tPo;r;rpAWtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ. ,g;gpd;Gyj;jpy; ,yq;if K];ypk; murpaypd; kpf Kf;fpa mq;fkhfj; jpfOk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; rkfhyj; njha;TfisAk; mjpypUe;J kPs;tjw;F mtrpakhd rPh;jpUj; jq;fisAk; ,f;fl;Liu myRfpwJ.

gpujhd nrhw;fs;: m~;u/g;> K];ypk; murpay;> = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

1. mwpKfk;

,yq;if gd;ikf;fyhrhu gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l xU tsh;Kf ehlhFk;. ,e;ehl;by; rpq;fsth;> jkpoh;> K];ypk;fs;> fpwp];jth;fs;> kyhah;fs; Nghd;w ,dq;fs; tho;fpd;wd. kj hPjpahf ngsj;jk;> ,e;J> ,];yhk;> fpwp];jtk; cs;spl;l rkaq;fs; ,yq;ifah;fshy; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; jkpoh;fSf;F mLj;j> ,uz;lhtJ rpWghd;ik Njrpa ,dj;jtuhf K];ypk;fs; cs;sdh;. kpf ePz;lfhy tuyhw;wpidf; nfhz;l K];ypk;fs;> ,yq;ifapYs;s Vida ,dj;jth;fSld; ,zf;fkhd cwtpidg; Ngzpte;Js;sdh;.

K];ypk;fs; ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 9.7 rjtPjj;jpduhtu; (Department

of Census and Statistics - Sri Lanka, 2012). KO ,yq;ifapYk; rpjwp thOk; K];ypk;fs;> fpof;fpyq;ifapy; kpfTk; nrwpthf tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. vdpDk; K];ypk;fspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 2/3 gFjpapdu; fpof;F khfhzj;jpw;F ntspNa tho;e;J tUfpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. tuyhw;W uPjpahf K];ypk;fs; ngUk;ghd;ik rpq;fstu;fSlDk; rpWghd;ik jkpo; kf;fSlDk; kpf neUf;fkhd r%f> fyhrhug; gpizg;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;sdu; (Fowsar, 2013).

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 2

K];ypk;fSf;Fk; jkpoh;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; Nguhrphpah; wkP]; mg;Jy;yh> “tuyhw;W hPjpahf K];ypk;fSf;Fk; jkpoh;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT Mokhf Nt&d;wpAs;sJ” vd;fpwhh; (Abdullah, 2004). rpq;fs kf;fSldhd K];ypk;fspd; cwT Fwpj;J tuyhw;W Ma;thsh; Nyh.Njtuh[h Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ> “K];ypk;fs; ,yq;if kz;zpy; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Nkw;gl;l ,zf;fkhd tuyhw;wpidf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. mth;fs; jkJ ePz;l tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; rpq;fs kf;fSld; ey;YwtpidNa filg;gpbj;J te;Js;sdh;” vd;W $Wfpd;whh; (Dewaraja, 1994).

,yq;if K];ypk;fs; jkpo; nkhopapidj; jha;nkhopahff; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. vdpDk; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fSf;F ntspNa thOk; K];ypk;fs; rpq;fs nkhopapidAk; jkJ md;whl fUkq;fspy; gad;gLj;Jk; tof;fj;jpidf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. tu;;j;jfk;> tptrhak;> kPd;gpb Nghd;wtw;iw jkJ gpujhd [PtNdhghakhff; nfhz;Ls;s K];ypk;fs;> murpay;> nghUshjhu> kj> fyhrhu hPjpahf jdpj;Jtkhd xU r%fj;jtuhf tho;e;J tUfpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ (Fowsar, 2013).

,yq;if K];ypk;fs; rka mbg;gilapy; ,];yhj;jpid gpd;gw;WfpwNghjpYk; tho;tpay; elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fspy; fpof;F K];ypk;fSf;Fk; Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; thOfpd;w K];ypk;fSf;FkpilNa rpy NtWghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. kpf ePz;lfhykhf fpof;F K];ypk;fs; jkpou; fyhrhuj;Jld; ,uz;lwf; fye;j mDgtj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;f> Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s K];ypk;fNsh rpq;fs ngsj;j r%fj;Jld; mjpf gpizg;gpidf; nfhz;ltu;fshf tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. r%f> fyhrhu uPjpapyhd ,t;tif NtWgLj;jy; K];ypk; murpaypYk; fzprkhd jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,e;epiyapy; K];ypk; jdpj;Jt milahsj;jpid epWTtjw;fhd murpay; ce;Jjy; Mq;fpNyNau; Ml;rpapNyNa cUthdJ. mjw;fhd Muk;gf; fl;Lkhdj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; mwpQu; rpj;jp nyg;ig> uP.gp.[hah> m]P]; KjyhNdhupd; gq;fspg;G Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; 1889 ,y; vk;.rP.mg;Jy; u`;khd; gphpj;jhdpa Vfhjpgj;jpa Ml;rpahsh;fspdhy; Kjy; K];ypk; rl;lrig mq;fj;jtuhf epakpf;fg;gLk; tiu K];ypk;fspd; murpay; gpuNtrk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,Ue;jJ. gpd;du; tu;j;jfj;jpy; Nkk;gl;bUe;j K];ypk; murpay; cau;Fohkpdupd; gq;fspg;Gld; K];ypk;fs; murpay; kag;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; K];ypk; murpay; nfhOk;gpid ikag;gLj;jpapUe;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ (Fowsar, 2013).

K];ypk; jdpj;Jt murpay; rpe;jid gw;wpa fUj;jhly; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpd;dNu kf;fs;kag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjw;fhd jsk; fpof;fpyq;ifapy; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; nfhOk;gpid ikak; nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk; murpay;> fpof;fpy; Gj;Japu; ngw;wJ; K];ypk;fis xU Njrkhf xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mjw;fhd murpay; jiyikj;Jtj;jpid fyhepjp vk;.vr;.vk;. m~;u/g; toq;fpdhu;;. jkpou; Njrpaj;jpypUe;J gpupe;J> K];ypk;fSf;nfd jdpahdnjhU murpay; ,af;fj;jpid mtu; epWtpdhu;. mt;tpaf;fj;jpd; %yk; K];ypk; murpaiy xU epiyg;gLj;jpaNjhL K];ypk;fSf;fhd Njrpa murpay; milahsk; xd;wpidAk; mtu; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jhh;.

Jujp~;ltrkhf 2000 Mk; Mz;L Vw;gl;l m~;u/gpd; mfhy kuzk; K];ypk; murpay; ,aq;F epiyapy; rLjpahd khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. m~;u/gpd; %yk; xd;W jpul;lg;gl;l murpay; gpuKfu;fs; gyu;> mtu; cUthf;fpa = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapypUe;J gpupe;J nrd;wdu;; Gjpa fl;rpfis epWtpf; nfhz;ldu;; r%f murpaiy rpW gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;Fs; tiuaWf;Fk; Nghf;F jPtpug;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. nkhj;jj;jpy; m~;u/Gf;F gpe;jpa K];ypk; r%f murpay; gy Jz;lq;fshf cile;Js;sJld; K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;fhy murpay; ,Ug;gpidAk; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fpAs;sJ.

,t;tpjk; K];ypk; jdpj;Njrpa murpay; vd;W tUfpw NghJ = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pidAk; mf;fl;rpapd; ];jhgfh; m~;u/gpidAk; kwe;Jtpl KbahJ. m~;u/gpd; fhyj;jpy; K];ypk; Njrpa murpay; Nghf;fpy; Jhpj tsh;r;rpapidf; fz;l = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];> mtuJ kiwtpw;Fg; gpd;dh; gy njha;TfSld; gazpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,g;gpd;Gyj;jpy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; vd;w> K];ypk; murpay;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 3

,af;fk; rkfhyj;jpy; vjph;nfhs;fpw Kf;fpa njha;TfisAk; mjpypUe;J kPs;tjw;F mtrpakhd rpy rPh;jpUj;jq;fisAk; ,f;fl;Liu myRfpwJ.

,f;fl;Liuf;fhd gpd;Gyj; juTfs; Kd;dh; vOjp ntspaplg;gl;l gy fl;LiufspypUe;Jk; E}y;fspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd. fl;Liuapy; milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;s = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp rkfhyj;jpy; vjph;nfhs;Sk; njha;TfSk; rPh;jpUj;jq;fSk; fw;gidapy; tiuag;gl;ljy;y. mf;fl;rp njhlh;ghf Gyikahsh;fsplKk; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfsplKk; fl;rpr; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fsplKk; fl;rpj; njhz;lh;fspkplKk; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd mgpg;gpuhaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ngwg;gl;litahFk;.

2. K];ypk; murpay;

,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; murpay; tuyhW mwpQh; rpj;jpnyg;igAld; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gphpj;jhdpah; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; mwpQh; rpj;jpnyg;ig Muk;gpj;J itj;j ‘,];yhkpa kWkyh;r;rp ,af;fKk;’ mth; ntspapl;l ‘K];ypk; Nerd;’ gj;jphpifAk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; fyhrhu kWkyh;r;rpAld; murpay; gpuf;iQapidAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mth; 1886.09.08 Mk; jpfjp ntspapl;l K];ypk; Nerd; ,jnohd;wpy; “,e;ehl;by; ,uz;L ,yl;rk; K];ypk;fs; tho;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mth;fSf;F rl;lthf;f rigapy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. K];ypk;fis tplTk; vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwthd gwq;fpah;fSk; Nfhg;gp cw;gj;jpahsh;fSk; rl;lthf;f rigapy; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpidf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;” (Nuhman, 2007) vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.

,e;epiyapy; gphpj;jhdpah; 1889 ,y; rl;lthf;f rigapd; cWg;gpdh; vz;zpf;ifapid tp~;jhpj;jJld; K];ypk;fSf;Fk; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid toq;fpdh;. ,jd; NghJ K];ypk;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; mwpQh; rpj;jpnyg;igf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; epytpa NghjpYk; vk;.rP.mg;Jy; u`;khd; vd;gtNu Kjy; K];ypk; rl;lthf;f rig cWg;gpduhf epakdk; ngw;whh;. ,th; ,e;jpahtpy; gpwe;j xUtuhifapdhy; mtuJ epakdk; njhlh;gpy; ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; jpUg;jp fhztpy;iy. mtiuj; njhlh;e;J te;j fhyq;fspy; V.vk;.~hPg;> lgps;A vk;.mg;Jy; u`;khd;> vd;.vr;.vk;.mg;Jy; fhjh;> <.[P.Mjkyp> vr;.vk;.khf;fhd; khf;fhh;> B.gP.[hah> v];.Mh;.Ry;jhd; Kjypath;fs; gphpj;jhdpah;fhy rl;lthf;f rigapd; cWg;gpdh;fshf epakdk; ngw;wdh; (Fowsar, 2013).

Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; K];ypk;fspd; murpay;> gpuNjr hPjpahd gpstpidf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jd;gb tlf;F> fpof;fpy; tho;e;j rpy K];ypk;fs; jkpo; Njrpa murpaYld; ,ize;J jkJ murpay; gazj;jpid Muk;gpj;jdh;. tlf;F> fpof;fpw;F ntspNa tho;e;j gyh; Njrpaf; fl;rpfSld; ,ize;J murpay; nra;jdh;. 1947 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;wj; Njh;jypy; V.Mh;.vk;.mG+gf;fh;> V.vy;.rpd;dnyg;ig> vk;.v];. fhhpag;gh;> vk;.vk;.,g;wh`pk; Mfpa ehd;F K];ypk;fs; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldh;. ,th;fSs; %th; K];ypk;fs; nrwpe;J thOk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; %d;W njhFjpfspypUe;J (%J}h;> fy;Kid> kl;lf;fsg;G) njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldh;. ,jd; gpd;dh; ,lk;ngw;w Njh;jy;fspYk; K];ypk;fs; gyh; Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wp ngw;wdh;. ,th;fSs; Nru; uhrPf; guPl;> uP.gp.[hah> gjpAjPd; k ;̀%j;> fyPy; ,];`hf;> vk;.vr;.K`k;kl;> vk;.<.vr;.k`;&g;> gP.V.k[Pl;> V.Mu;.vk;. kd;#u; Nghd;Nwhh; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fshth; (Fowsar, 2013).

Muk;gj;jpy; K];ypk;fis ,af;fhPjpahf xd;wpizg;gjpy; ‘K];yPk; yPf;’ Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpaJ. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAld; ,ize;J nraw;gl;l ,t;tikg;G> B.gp. [hah> vk;.rP.vk;.fyPy;> V.vk;.V.m]P]; Kjyhdth;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; jPtpukhfr; nraw;gl;lJ. mNjNghd;W> 1960 fspy; vk;.v];.fhhpag;gh; cUthf;fpa ‘mfpy ,yq;if ,];yhkpa If;fpa Kd;dzp’ vd;w mikg;Gk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,t;tikg;G K];ypk; murpaypy; ghhpa gq;fspg;Gf;fs; vjidAk; nra;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,f;fhyj;jpy; gjpAjPd; k`;%jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ‘,];yhkpa Nrhrypr Kd;dzp’ vd;wnjhU mikg;Gk; nraw;gl;lJ. = yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpAld; ,ize;J nraw;gl;l> ,t;tikg;Gf;F vjpuhf ‘Nrhrypr vjph;g;G

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 4

Kd;dzp’ vd;wnjhU ,af;fk; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapidr; Nrh;e;j vk;.vr;.K`k;kl; vd;gtuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ (Fazil, 2016).

tlf;F fpof;fpy; ,dj;Jt murpay; $h;ikaile;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyg;gFjpapy; ‘K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzp’ vd;wnjhU murpay; fl;rp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;fl;rpapy; m~;u/g; Kf;fpa Ngr;rhsuhfTk; nfhs;if tpsf;f ciuahsuhfTk; nraw;gl;lhh;. ,jdhy; m~;u/g; K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzpapd; ‘%is tq;fp’ vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;. 1977 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w nghJj; Njh;jypy; ,f;fl;rp jkpou; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpAld; ,ize;J Nghl;bapl;lJ. ,f;fl;rp rhh;ghf jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapy; gyh; Nghl;bapl;lNghjpYk; Njh;jypy; mth;fshy; ntw;wpngw Kbatpy;iy (Cader, 2002). ,jd; gpd;dh; ,yq;if murpaypy; Vw;gl;l jsk;gy;fs;> Fwpg;ghf tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; cUthfpa mrhjhuz #o;epiy K];ypk; murpay; ,aq;F epiyapid Gjpa jpirapid Nehf;fp efh;j;jpaJ. ,g;Gjpa efh;Tf;F m~;u/Gk; mtuJ = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpuRk; jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fpaJ.

3. = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

fpof;fpyq;ifapy; xU r%f eyd;Ghp mikg;ghf cUthfpa = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pid xU ngUk; murpay; rf;jpahf tsh;j;njLj;jth; vk;.vr;.vk;.m~;u/g; vd;w tof;fwpQh;. Muk;gj;jpy; m~;u/gpd; murpay;> jkpo; Njrpa murpaYld; ,ize;jpUe;jJ. mtuplk; ,Ue;j jkpo; Njrpa czh;tiyfs;> rk~;bf; fl;rpj; jiyth; v];.N[.tP.nry;tehafj;Jldhd <LghL Kjypad jkpo; Njrpa murpaYf;Fk; m~;u/Gf;Fkpilapyhd xU ,izg;Gg; ghykhf nraw;gl;ld. nry;tehafj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; jkpo; Njrpa murpaiy newpg;gLj;jpa jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpj; jiyth; mg;ghj;Jiw mkph;jypq;fj;JlDk; m~;u/Gf;F ey;YwT ,Ue;jJ.

m~;u/gpd; jkpo; Njrpa murpay; <Lghl;Lld; 1977 ,y; K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzpahdJ mkph;jypq;fj;jpd; jiyikapyhd jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpAld; Njh;jy; $l;bapid Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. vdpDk; 1977 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w ghuhSkd;wg; (Njrpa muRg; Nguit) nghJj; Njh;jypy; mf;$l;lzp rhh;ghf m~;u/g; Nghl;bapltpy;iy. khwhf m~;u/g; jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; murpay; Nkilfspy; Kf;fpa gpur;rhufuhff; fye;Jnfh z;lhh;. $l;lzpapd; Njh;jy; Nkilfspy; “mz;zd; mkph;jypq;fk; jkpoPoj;ijg; ngw;Wj;juhtpl;lhy; jk;gp m~;u/g; ngw;Wj;jUthd;” vd m~;u/g; Koq;fpdhh; (Ismail,

Abdullah & Fazil, 2004).

,jidaLj;J 1981 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w khtl;l mgptpUj;jpr; rigj; Njh;jypYk; K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzp jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpAld; ,ize;J Nghl;bapl;lJ. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,uz;L Njh;jy;fspYk; jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; gq;fhspf; fl;rpahd K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzp Njhy;tp fz;lJ. ,j;Njhy;tpapypUe;J m~;u/g; gy ghlq;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;; jkf;fhd njspthd murpay; ghijnahd;wpid tFj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;jpidg; Ghpe;Jnfhz;lhh;.

1980 fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; jkpoh;fSf;F vjpuhf fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;l td;Kiwfs;> jkpo; MAjf; FOf;fspd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F toptFj;jJld; jkpo; Njrpa murpaiy MAj td;Kiwf;Fs; rpf;fitj;jJ. ,t;tpjk; ,yq;ifapd; tlf;F - fpof;F khfhzq;fs; MAjkag;gl;bUe;j #oypy; K];ypk;fspd; ,Ug;Gk; vjph;fhyKk; Fwpj;J gykhd Nfs;tpfs; vOe;jpUe;jd. jkpo; Nghuhl;l ,af;fq;fspy; K];ypk; ,isQh;fs; gyh; ,ize;jpUe;j NghjpYk; mt;tpaf;fq;fspd; murpay; Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspy; K];ypk; eyd; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jdhy; K];ypk; ,isQh;fs; gyu; jkpo; Nghuhl;l mikg;Gf;fspy; ek;gpf;ifaw;wpUe;jdh;. mNjNtis> mur gilfSk; jkpo; MAjf; FOf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F K];ypk; ,isQh;fis Nflakhfg; gad;gLj;jpd.

,t;tpjk; cUthfpa MAjf; fyhrhuj;jpd; ePl;rpapdhy; tlf;F - fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; tho;e;j jkpo; - K];ypk; kf;fspd; cwT ntFthfg; ghjpg;Gw;wJ; ,U r%fq;fSf;fpilapYk; mr;rKk; gifikAk; frg;Gzh;TfSk; tsh;e;jd; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fs; Nghd;W K];ypk;fSk; md;whlk; ,og;gPLfis re;jpj;jdh;; K];ypk;fspd;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

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ghJfhg;Gf; Nfs;tpf;FwpahdJ; K];ypk; ,isQh;fs; tpuf;jpAw;wpUe;jdh;; Njrpaf; fl;rpfis gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;j K];ypk; jiyth;fs; kPjhd kf;fs; mgpkhdk; ntFthff; Fiwe;jpUe;jJ. ,t;thwhf 1980 fSf;Fg; gpwF ,yq;ifapy; cUthfpa mrhjhuz #o;epiy K];ypk; murpay; milahsj;jpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Njitapid Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,jid ed;Fzh;e;jpUe;j m~;u/g; jdf;Ff; fpilj;j re;jh;g;gj;jpid kpff; fr;rpjkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.

murpay; hPjpahf rk~;bf; fl;rp> jkpoh; tpLjiyf; $l;lzp> K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzp vd mfyf; fhy;gjpj;jpUe;j m~;u/gpd; murpay;> 1980 fSf;F gpwF Gjpa jpirapy; gazpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. mtuJ murpay; gazk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; (SLMC) vd;w murpay; ,af;fj;jpd; %yk; epWtdkag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; 1981 ,y; jhgpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; 1988 Mk; Mz;Nl mJnthU cj;jpNahfG+h;t murpay; fl;rpahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ (Abdullah, 2016). ,f;fl;rp jhgpf;fg;gl;lJk; K];ypk; eyThpikf;fhf Fuy;nfhLj;jJld; ,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpaiy Kd;dpWj;jp kf;fs; Mjutpidj; jpul;baJ; jkpo; Njrpa murpaypUe;J K];ypk; Njrpa murpaiy kPl;nlLj;jJ; Njrpaf; fl;rpfspy; milf;fyk; GFe;jpUe;j K];ypk; jiyth;fSf;F kpfg;ngUk; rthiy mf;fl;rp Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

,t;tpjk; <o tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpurpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; kpf neUq;fpa njhlh;G ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> K];ypk; murpay; tpLjiyf;fhf = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpid md;wp> ghuhSkd;w murpay; gpuNtrj;jpidNa njhpT nra;jJ. ,jw;fhd kf;fs; jsj;jpid mf;fl;rp jahh; nra;jJld; ,];yhkpathjf; fUj;Jf;fis gpujhd RNyhfkhff; nfhz;L nraw;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb m~;u/g; K];ypk; fhq;fpurpd; gpur;rhu Nkilfspy; “yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`; K`k;kJu; u]_Yy;yh`; (,iwtd; xUtNd. K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fs; ,iwtdpd; jpUj;J}jh; Mthh;.)” vd;w ,];yhkpa %yke;jpuj;ij xypj;jhh;; my;-Fh;Md;> my;-`jP]; Mfpa ,];yhkpa %yhjhuq;fisAk; topKiwfisAk; fl;rpapd; %yhjhuq;fshfTk; topKiwahfTk; gpufldk; nra;jhh;;; K];ypk; gs;spthay;fis jskhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhh;. ,Wjpapy; m~;u/g; Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fSk; mtuJ Ngr;rhw;wYk; murpay; hPjpahfTk; nghUshjhu hPjpahfTk; eyptile;jpUe;j tlf;F - fpof;F K];ypk;fis ntFthff; fth;e;jd (Imtiyaz, 2007).

K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; mjd; Muk;g ehl;fspy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; nfLgpbfis re;jpf;f Neh;e;jJ; Gypfspd; nfhiyg;gl;baYf;Fs; mf;fl;rpapd; jiyth; m~;u/g; cs;thq;fg;gl;lhh;; fl;rpapd; rpy Nghuhspfs; Gypfshy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;; gy Nghuhspfs; Jg;ghf;fp Kidapy; mr;RWj;jg;gl;ldh;. ,j;jid nfLgpbfSf;Fs;Sk; K];ypk; Njrpa murpaiy tsh;j;njLg;gjw;F m~;u/Gk; mtuJ fl;rpAk; mjpf rpuj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. ,jw;fika = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Kjd;Kiwahf 1988 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w ,ize;j tlf;F fpof;fpw;fhd khfhz rigj; Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl;lJ. ,j;Njh;jypy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; 17 Mrdq;fisf; ifg;gw;wpaJld; ,ize;j tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigapy; vjph;f; fl;rp me;j];j;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ (Fowsar, 2016).

= yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l xU murpay; fl;rp vd;wtifapy; 1989 ,NyNa KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;wj; Njh;jiy re;jpj;jJ. ,j;Njh;jypy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; ehd;F ghuhSkd;w gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. fl;rpapd; jiyth; m~;u/g; jpfhkLy;y (mk;ghiu) Njh;jy; khtl;lj;jpy; fzprkhd thf;Ffisg; ngw;W ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F njhpTnra;ag;gl;lhh;. $lNt kl;lf;fsg;G> td;dp Mfpa Njh;jy; khtl;lq;fspYk; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; ghuhSkd;w Mrdq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,t;ntw;wpapd; %yk; Njrpa murpaYf;Fs; Eioe;j K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fSf;fhf ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; Fuy; nfhLj;jJ (Jameel, 2012).

m~;u/g; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj tlf;fpypUe;J gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd K];ypk; kf;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; ntspNaw;wg;gl;L> ,dr;Rj;jpfhpg;Gr; nra;ag; gl;ldh;. mth;fsJ nrhj;Jf;fs; #iwahlg;gl;ld. fhj;jhd;Fb> VwhT+h; cs;spl;l

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

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,lq;fspYs;s gs;spthry;fspy; njhOifapy; <Lgl;bUe;j K];ypk;fs; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. 1990 ,y; `[; flikapid Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L ehL jpUk;gpa K];ypk; ahj;jphpfh;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldh;. ,t;tpjk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; tlf;F> fpof;fpy; tho;e;j K];ypk;fs; gy;NtW Jauq;fis vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ (Fazil, 2004). ,jd;Nghnjy;yhk; m~;u/g; K];ypk;fs; rhh;ghf ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Fuy; nfhLj;jhh;. xU fl;lj;jpy; m~;u/g; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; NgRk;NghJ: “ehk; K];ypk;fshf ,Ug;gjw;fhf> ‘yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh ;̀ K`k;kJu; u]_Yy;yh ;̀’ vd;w fypkhtpid nkhope;jjw;fhf> my;yh`;itAk; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fisAk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;ljw;fhf> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; vq;fisf; nfhy;fpd;wdh;; vq;fs; tPLfis tpl;Lk; tpul;Lfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; ehk; mth;fSf;F vjpuhf [p`hjpid (mwg;Nghhpid)g; gpufldk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;” vd;W $wpdhh; (Imtiyaz, 2007).

= yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpurpidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; 1994 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w ghuhSkd;wg; nghJj; Njh;jy;> [dhjpgjpj; Njh;jy; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; Kf;fpakhditfshFk;. ,t;tpU Njh;jy;fspYk; re;jphpfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJ}q;f jiyikapyhd nghJ[d If;fpa Kd;dzpapid = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Mjhpj;jJ. 1994 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w ghuhSkd;wg; nghJj; Njh;jypy; fhq;fpu]; 07 Mrdq;fisf; ifg;gw;wpaJld; nghJ[d If;fpa Kd;dzp murhq;fj;jpid mikg;gjw;F MjuT ey;fpaJ. ,jd;NghJ mikf;fg;gl;l murhq;fj;jpy; m~;u/g; fg;gy;Jiw> Gdh;tho;T> Gduikg;G Mfpa Kf;fpa mikr;Rg; nghWg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. mtuJ fl;rpiar; Nrh;e;jth;fSf;F gpujp mikr;Rg; nghWg;Gf;fSk; toq;fg;gl;ld. mNjahz;L ,lk;ngw;w [dhjpgjpj; Njh;jypYk; re;jphpfhtpid Mjhpj;J m~;u/g; gpur;rhuk; nra;jhh;. ,Wjpapy; fzprkhd thf;Ffisg; ngw;W re;jphpfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJ}q;f [dhjpgjpahfj; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh; (Jameel, 2012).

,t;tpjk; 1994 ,y; epWtg;gl;l nghJ[d If;fpa Kd;dzp murhq;fj;jpy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; gpujhd gq;fhspf; fl;rpahfr; nraw;gl;lJ. ,f;fhyk; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; murpay; tuyhw;wpy; xU nghw;fhykhFk;. fhq;fpu]pd; jiyth; m~;u/g; murhq;fj;jpy; jdf;fpUe;j gyj;jpid gad;gLj;jp Nguk;Ngrypy; <Lgl;lJld; r%f> nghUshjhu hPjpahf eyptile;jpUe;j tlf;F> fpof;F tho; kf;fspd; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf kpff; fLikahf cioj; jhh;. r%f murpaiyAk; fl;rp murpaiyAk; tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F m~;u/g; jdf;Ff; fpilj;j re;jh;g;gj;jpid kpff; fr;rpjkhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhh;. m~;u/g; kPz;Lk; 1999 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w [dhjpgjpj; Njh;jypy; [dhjpgjp re;jphpfhtpd; ntw;wpf;fhf cioj;J mjpYk; ntw;wp fz;lhh;.

,t;thwhf m~;u/gpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];> ,yq;if murpaypy; rpq;fs ngsj;j - jkpo; ,d ikaf; fUj;jhly;fs; Nkw;fpsk;gpa NghJ K];ypk; fUj;jhly; Fwpj;j gpuf;iQia Vw;gLj;jpaJ; tpuf;jpapypUe;j K];ypk; ,isQh;fs; td;Kiwf;F nry;tijj; jLj;J epWj;jpaJ; murpay; muq;fpy; K];ypk;; eyThpik njhlh;ghf Fuy; nfhLf;Fk; xU ngUk; murpay; rf;jpahfj; njhopw;gl;lJ; K];ypk;fis kj> fyhrhu hPjpahf xd;W jpul;baJld; K];ypk;fspd; ,d milahsj;jpid kPs epiyepWj;jpaJ; nfhOk;gpid ikag;gLj;jpapUe;j K];ypk; murpaiy fpof;F Nehf;fpj; jpUg;gpaJ; K];ypk; kf;fis murpay;kag;gLj;Jtjpy; ngU ntw;wp fz;lJ; tlf;F> fpof;fpy; Ntiytha;g;gpd;wp ,Ue;j gy E}W ,isQh;fSf;F Ntiytha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jJ; K];ypk;fspd; cah; fy;tp tha;g;gpid mjpfhpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpid cUthf;f Kaw;rp vLj;jJ. ,t;thwhf K];ypk; murpaypy; m~;u/gpd; fhyk; nghw;fhyk; vd;W $Wkstpw;F mtUk; mtuJ fl;rpAk; K];ypk; eyThpikf;fhf vd;Wk; Fuy;nfhLj;jdu;.

= yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; murpaypy; 2000.09.16 Mk; jpfjp epfo;e;j tpkhd tpgj;J Jujp~;ltrkhdJ. ,t;tpgj;jpy; K];ypk;fspd; xg;gw;w murpay; ,af;fkhf tpsq;fpa = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyth; vk;.vr;.vk;.m~;u/g; mfhy kuzkile;jhh;. ,f;fhyk; ,yq;ifapy; ghuhSkd;w Njh;jYf;fhd gug;Giufs; ,lk;ngw;w fhyk;. Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapLk; xU Ntl;ghsuhf epd;W> gpur;rhuj;jpw;F Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;Yk;NtisapNyNa m~;u/gpd; ,wg;G epfo;e;jJ. m~;ugpd; Ntl;ghsh; ntw;wplk;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

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mtuJ kidtp Nghpay; m~;u/gpidf; nfhz;L epug;gg;gl;lJ. Fwpj;j Njh;jypy; m~;u/g; cUthf;fpa $l;lzpapd; Clhf jpfhkLy;y (mk;ghiu) Njh;jy; khtl;lj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l 04 Mrdq;fSld; nkhj;jkhf 11 ghuhSkd;w Mrdq;fis fhq;fpu]; jiyikapyhd $l;lzp ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,j;Njh;jypy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; nghJ[d If;fpa Kd;dzpAld; $l;lzp mikj;Jr; nraw;gl;lJld;> ehl;bd; rpy ,lq;fspy; Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp vd;w ngahpy; jdpj;Jk; Nghl;bapl;lJ (Jameel, 2012). ,jd; gpd;dh; fhq;fpu]py; Vw;gl;l cs;sf neUf;fbfs; fl;rp gy Jz;lq;fshf gpsTgLtjw;Fk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jiyikj;Jtk; uT+g; `f;fPkplk; nrd;wiltjw;Fk; toptFj;jd.

2000 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,d;W tiu Rkhh; 19 tUlq;fshf uT+g; `f;fPk; fhq;fpu]pd; jiytuhf nraw;gl;LtUfpd;whh;. ,ilf;fpilNa cl;fl;rpg; gpsTfshy; rpjWz;L Nghd fhq;fpu];> xt;nthU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; ‘ngUe;jiyth; m~;u/gpd; fl;rp’ vDk; fhuzp apidg; Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp fl;rpapd; ,Ug;gpidg; ghJfhj;Js;sJ. 2001 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAld; $l;lzp mikj;Jr; nraw;gl;L tUk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jw;Nghija (2019) murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa gq;fhspf; fl;rpahfr; nraw;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,t;turhq;fj;jpy; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyth; efu jpl;lkply;> ePh; toq;fy;> cah; fy;tp cs;spl;l Kf;fpa fgpdl; mikr;Rg; nghWg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Ws;sJld; mf;fl;rpapd; Vida %d;W cWg;gpdh;fs; ,uh[hq;f mikr;rh;fshf cs;sdh;. mth;fSs; ,Uth; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpidAk; xUth; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpidAk; Nrh;e;jth;fs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,Ug;gpDk; rkfhyj;jpy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;gpYk; mjd; Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fs; njhlh;gpYk; gutyhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; vOe;Js;sd.

4. fl;rpg; gpsTfs;

m~;u/Gf;Fg; gpe;jpa K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; gy Jz;lq;fshf gpsTw;Ws;sJ. K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; ];jhgfj; jiyth; m~;u/g; kuzpj;j gpd;dh; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]py; cUthfpa jiyikj;Jt ntw;wplk;> mf;fl;rp Jhpjfjpapy; rpjWz;L Nghtjw;F toptFj;jJ. ,jd;gb K];ypk; fhq;fpu]py; `f;fPkpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpid tpUk;ghjth;fs; m~;u/gpd; ghhpahh; Nghpay; m~;u/gpd; jiyikapy; ‘Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp’apid gyg;gLj;jpr; nraw;gl;ldh;. Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp m~;u/g; kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dNu cUthf;fg; gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;> mf;fl;rp m~;u/gpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; mjpUg;jpahsh;fisf; nfhz;L jdpahfr; nraw;glf;$ba xU fl;rpahf khwpaJ. m~;u/gpd; ghhpahh; Nghpay; m~;u/g; jiyikapy; nraw;gl;l ,f;fl;rp> 2000 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J 2010 Mk; Mz;L tiu ghuhSkd;w murpaypy; KO tPr;Rld; nraw;gl;lJ (Fazil, 2009). ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fhspf; fl;rpahf nraw;gl;lJld; fl;rpapd; jiytpahd Nghpay; m~;u/g; fgpdl; mikr;Rg; nghWg;gpidAk; ngw;wpUe;jhh;. 2010 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w nghJj; Njh;jypy; Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp mile;j Njhy;tp mf;fl;rpapid tPo;r;rpAwr; nra;jJ. ,f;fl;rpapd; nraw;ghLfs; ];jk;gpj;Jg; Nghd epiyapy; 2012 ,y; ,yq;if Njh;jy; jpizf;fsk; fl;rpapd; gjptpid ,uj;Jr; nra;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ (Bandara, 2012).

2002 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w Aj;jepWj;j fhyg;gFjpapy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; kw;WnkhU Kf;fpa gpstpid vjph;nfhz;lJ. ,jd;gb mjhTy;yh jiyikapyhd fl;rpapd; Kf;fpa cWg;gpdh;fs; rpyu; fhq;fpu]py; ,Ue;J ntspNawp ‘m~;u/g; fhq;fpu];’ vd;w GjpanjhU fl;rpapidj; jhgpj;jdh;. m~;u/g; fhq;fpu]; ‘Njrpa K];ypk; fhq;fpu];’ vdTk; gpd;dh; ‘Njrpa fhq;fpu];’ vdTk; ngah; khw;wg;gl;lJ (Fazil, 2009). ,t;ntspNaw;wj;jpd;NghJ mk;ghiu khtl;lj;jpy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pidg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;j vr;.vk;.vk;.`hP];> md;th; ,];khapy; MfpNahh; mjhTy;yh ;̀Tld; ifNfhh;j;Jr; nraw;gl;ldh;. Njrpa fhq;fpu]; cUthfpa ehl;fspy; mk;ghiu khtl;lj;jpy; fhq;fpRRf;F rthiy Vw;gLj;jpaNghjpYk; kpff;FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs; mf;fl;rp gpsTfis re;jpj;jJ. ,f;fl;rpapd; jiyth; V.vy;.vk;.mjhTy;yh 2004 ,ypUe;J 2015 tiu murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa gq;fhspahf ,Ue;jJld; fgpdl; mikr;ruhfTk; nraw;gl;lhh;. vdpDk; 2015 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w nghJj; Njh;jypy; mjhTy;yh Njhy;tpAw;wik Njrpa fhq;fpu]pid NkYk; gykpof;fr; nra;Js;sJ.

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 8

2004 ,y; my; `hgpy; erPh; m`kl; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pypUe;J ntspNawp ‘[dehaf If;fpa Kd;dzp’ vd;w xU Gjpa fl;rpapidj; jhgpj;jhh; (Busto,

2007). ,f;fl;rp Njrpa murpaypy; Nrhgpf;ftpy;iyahapDk; cs;@u; murpaypy; kpfr; rpwpa mstpyhd thf;fpidf; nfhz;L nraw;gl;lJ. jw;rkak; [dehaf If;fpa Kd;dzpapd; jiyth; erPh; m`kl; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpuRld; ,ize;Js;sJld; mf;fl;rpapd; rhh;ghf fpof;F khfhz Kjyikr;ruhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; nraw;gl;lik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. mNjNghd;W> nksytp Kghuf; mg;Jy; k[Pj; fhq;fpu]pypUe;J ntspNawp cykhf; fl;rp vDk; ngahpy; xU fl;rpapid cUthf;fpdhh; (Busto, 2007). ,f;fl;rp Njrpa murpaypNyh cs;@u; murpaypNyh Nrhgpf;ftpy;iy.

2004 ,y; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAld; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l Njh;jy; $l;lzpapid tpUk;ghj fhq;fpu]; cWg;gpdh;fs; rpyh;> fhq;fpu]pypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;ldh;. ,t;thW ntspNaw;wg;gl;lth;fs; 2005 ,y; wp~hl; gjpAj;jPd; jiyikapy; ‘mfpy ,yq;if K];ypk; fhq;fpu];’ vd;w fl;rpapid cUthf;fpdh;. gpd;dh; ,f;fl;rp ‘mfpy ,yq;if kf;fs; fhq;fpu];’ vd;w ngahpy; njhopw;gl;L tUfpwJ. nghUshjhu gyk; nghUe;jpa kf;fs; fhq;fpurpd; jiyth; wp~hl; gjpAj;jPd; tlf;F khfhzj;jpidr; Nrh;e;jth;. tlf;F K];ypk;fspd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; murpaypy; mfpy ,yq;if kf;fs; fhq;fpuRf;F Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd xU ,lKz;L. kpf mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; fpof;F cs;slq;yhd ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfspYk; mfpy ,yq;if kf;fs; fhq;fpu]; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jptUfpwJ. njhlh;r;rpahf murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fhspf; fl;rpahf nraw; gl;LtUk; kf;fs; fhq;fpu];> mikr;ruitapYk; ,lk;gpbj;Js;sJ.

kpf mz;ika Mz;Lfspy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; kpfg;nghpa gpstpidr; re;jpj;jJ. Kd;dh; fl;rp gy Jz;lq;fshf rpjWz;lNghJ fl;rpf;fhf Fuy;nfhLj;j fl;rpapd; nrayhsh; ehafk; `]d; mypAk; jtprhsh; g]Ph; NrFjhT+Jk; fl;rpapypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. fl;rpf;F fpilj;j Njrpag; gl;bay; Mrdj; jpid gq;fPL nra;jy;> nrayhshpd; mjpfhuf; Fiwg;G Kjypa rh;r;irfSld; ,t;nt spNaw;wk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,th;fsJ ntspNaw;wj;jpd; %yk; fl;rpapy; rpy njha;Tfs; cUthd NghjpYk; fhq;fpuRf;F ,Uf;Fk; kf;fs; nry;thf;fpdhy; kPz;Lk; fhq;fpu]; jiyepkph;e;Js;sJ. fhq;fpu]pypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;l nrayhsh; ehafKk; jtprhsUk; ,ize;J ‘If;fpa rkhjhdf; $l;likg;G’ vd;w ngahpy; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;. 2018 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w cs;@uhl;rp kd;wj; Njh;jypy; If;fpa rkhjhdf; $l;likg;G wp~hl; gjpAj;jPd; jiyikapyhd mfpy ,yq;if kf;fs; fhq;fpuRld; $l;lzp mikj;Jr; nraw;gl;lik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gpsTfs; jtph;e;j fl;rpapd; cs;@u; murpay; gpuKfh;fs; gyUk; fl;rp jhTfpd;w epiy mt;tg;NghJ ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wJ. nkhj;jj;jpy; m~;u/Gf;Fg; gpe;jpa = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; ,aq;Fepiy> njhlh; gpsTfis Rw;wpNa mike;Js;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]py; ,lk;ngw;w cilTfSf;F kj;jpapYk; rpy Gjpa tuTfSk; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. fhq;fpu]pypUe;J ntspNawpa rpyh; kPz;Lk; fhq;fpu]py; ,ize;J nfhs;tjid mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; vjph;nfhz;l ,og;gPLfis Fwpg;gpl;lsT epth;j;jp nra;af; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fl;rp vd;w mbg;gilapy; fhq;fpu]; re;jpj;j gpsTfs; mjd; xUikg; ghl;bw;Fk; If;fpaj;jpw;Fk; ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;s mNjNeuk;> K];ypk; r%f murpay; rpijTWtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;Js;sJ.

5. rkfhyj; njha;Tfs;

m~;u/gpd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; gy;NtW neUf;fbfis re;jpj;J tUfpwJ. fl;rpapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; njhlq;fp fl;rpapd; rhjhuz njhz;ld; tiu rfy kl;lq;fspYk; gy;NtW njha;Tfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;njha;Tfs; fl;rpapd; tsh;r;rpapidg; ghjpj;Js;s mNjNtis> Njrpa murpaypy; K];ypk;fspd; gyj;jpid rpijTwr; nra;Js;sJ. ,e;jtifapy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; rkfhyj;jpy; vjph; nfhs;Sk; Kf;fpa rpy njha;Tfis gpd;tUkhW Nehf;fyhk;:

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 9

1. jiyikj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd tpkh;rdq;fs;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyikj;Jtk; njhlh;ghf gyj;j tpkh;rdq;fs; epyTfpd;wd. fl;rpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; jiyikj;Jtj;jplk; Ftpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tplak; fl;rpapd; cs;sf [dehafj;jpw;F kpfTk; Mgj;jhf cs;sJ. jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F rhh;ghd tifapy; fl;rpapd; cah;gPlk; fl;likf;fg;gLfpwJ. Njh;jy;fspy; Ntl;ghsh;fis epWj;Jjy;> Njrpag; gl;bay; Mrdq;fis gq;fPL nra;jy;> mikr;Rf;fisg; ngWjy;> mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;> Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpYk; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Mjpf;fk; kpifj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. njhlh;r;rpahd nfhs;if kWrPu ikg;Gf;fSk; fl;rpj; jiyikj;Jtj;jpidg; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapNy mike;jpUg;gjhf gutyhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; m~;u/Gf;Fg; gpe;jpa jrhg;jj;jpy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapid xd;Wgl;l xU rf;jpahf tsh;j;njLg;gjpy; jw;Nghija jiyikj;Jtk; gyj;j rthy;fis vjph;nfhz;LtUfpwJ.

2. gy fl;rpfshf gpsTgl;Ls;sik: rkfhyj;jpy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; vjph;nfhs;Sk; kpf Kf;fpa neUf;fb> mf;fl;rp gy Jz;lq;fshf gpsTgLfpd;wikahFk;. fl;rpf;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; Vw;gl;Ls;s jiyikj;Jt / mjpfhug; Nghl;b K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; gy fl;rpfshf gpsTgLtjid Jhpjg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,Jtiu fl;rp MW Kf;fpa gpsTfisr; re;jpj;Js;sJ. kpf mz;ika Mz;Lfspy; fl;rpapd; nrayhsh; ehafk;> jtprhsh; cs;spl;Nlhhpd; ntspNaw;wk; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; re;jpj;j kpfg;ngUk; gpsthFk;. Njrpa murpay; ePNuhl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLfpw xU fl;rp vd;wtifapy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;r;rpahd gpstpid re;jpj;JtUfpd;wNghjpYk;> ,yq;if K];ypk; murpaypy; mf;fl;rp Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd nry;thf;fpid ,d;Dk; ,oe;Jtpltpy;iy. mf;fl;rpapd; thf;F vz;zpf;ifapy; mt;tg;NghJ Vw;w - ,wf;fq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wNghjpYk; xU murpay; fl;rp vd;wtifapy; Njrpa murpaypy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jkf;Fhpa gq;fpid XusTf;NfDk; epiyepWj;jpAs;sJ.

3. njhlh;r;rpahd cl;fl;rpg; G+ry;fs;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pid xd;Wgl;l xU murpay; ,af;fkhf Kd;efh;j;jpr; nry;tjpy; mf;fl;rpf;Fs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; G+ry;fs; kpfg;ngUk; jilahf cs;sd. fl;rpapd; jiytUf;Fk; nrayhsUf;Fk;> jiytUf;Fk; jtprhsUf;Fk;> jiytUf;Fk; cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk;> fl;rpapd; mikr;rh;fs;> ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; kw;Wk; Vida cWg;gpdh;fSf;fpilapy; vd;wthW njhlh;r;rpahd cl;fl;rpg; G+ry;fs; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]py; tpahgfk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,g;G+ry;fNs gy;NtW re;jh;g;gq;fspy; fhq;fpu]; gy Jz;lq;fshf gpsTgLtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;jd. kpf mz;ika fhyq;fspy; epytpa cl;fl;rpg; G+ry;fs; fl;rpapd; tsh;r;rpf;F kpfg;nghpa jilahf mike;Js;sd. cs;@u; kl;lq;fspy; fl;rpf; fl;Lf;Nfhg;G rpijTWtjw;Fk; Mjuthsh;fs; vz;zpf;if ntFthff; Fiwe;J nry;tjw;Fk; fl;rpf;Fs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; Kuz;ghLfs; fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd. rpyNtisfspy;> cl;fl;rpg; G+ry;fshy; fl;rp cWg;gpdh;fs; xd;Wgl;L> $l;lhfr; nraw;gl Ntz;ba jUzq;fspy; $l xUtiu xUth; tpkh;rdk; nra;af;$ba epiy cUthfptpLfpwJ.

4. Kiwahd xUq;fpizg;G ,y;yhik: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; xU murpay; fl;rp vd;wtifapy;> mf;fl;rp nraw;gLfpd;w gy;NtW kl;lq;fSf;fpilapy; Kiwahd xUq;fpizg;G ,y;yhikapid njspthf milahsk; fhzKbfpwJ. fl;rpapd; cah; gPlj;jpypUe;J tUfpw jPh;khdq;fs; rpyNtisfspy;> mbkl;l cWg;gpdh;fis Kiwahf nrd;wiltjpy;iy. jPh;khdq;fis Kiwahf mwptpg;Gr; nra;af;$ba nghwpKiwfs; fl;rpf;Fs; ,Ug;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. fl;rpapd; Njrpa khehLfs;> Njh;jy; fhyq;fs; jtph;e;j ngUk;ghyhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; fl;rpf;Fk; fl;rpapd; thf;fhsh; njhFjpf;Fk; ,ilNaahd njhlh;ghly;fs; kpfTk; FiwthfNt cs;sd. fhq;fpu]; cs;@u; kl;lq;fspy; gpuNjr kj;jpa FOf;fis mikj;Jr; nraw;gLfpw NghjpYk; mq;Fk; cs;@u; cah;Fohk; Mjpf;fk; kpifj;jpUf;fpw epiyapid gutyhf mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ,jdhy; fl;rpapd; kj;jpa FOf;fSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fkpilapyhd cwTk; Fwpg;gpLk; gbahdjhf ,y;iy.

5. nghWg;Gf;$wypypUe;J tpyfpapUj;jy;: nghWg;Gf;$wypUe;J K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; tpyfpr; nraw;gLfpwJ vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lk; gutyhf Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ. Njh;jy; fhyq;fspy; fl;rp ,ae;jpuKk; mjpYs;sth;fSk; thf;fhsh;fSld; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; njhlh;Gk; - neUf;fKk; Njh;jYf;Fg; gpd;dh; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. K];ypk;fspd; eyd;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpw NghJk;> chpikfs; kPwg;gLfpwNghJk; mjw;fhd nghWg;gpid K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; vLj;Jf;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 10

nfhs;tjpy;iy. K];ypk;fs; njhlh;ghf fhq;fpu]pdhy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspd; %yk; jtW Vw;gLfpw re;jh;g;gq;fspy; $l fl;rp mjw;fhd nghWg;gpid vLg;gjpy;iy. fl;rp gpsTfisr; re;jpj;j gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ‘fl;rpj; jiyik vDk; fhuzp’ $ba nry;thf;F nrYj;jpa NghJk; mjw;fhd nghWg;gpid fl;rpj; jiyik vLj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy. kWGwk; fl;rpapd; cWg;gpdh;fshy; tplg;gLfpw jtWfSf;fhd nghWg;gpid mth;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;tjhfTk; njhpatpy;iy. nkhj;jj;jpy; fhq;fpu]; thf;fhsh;fSf;fhd murpay; nghWg;Gf;$wypUe;J J}utpyfpapUf;fpwJ. mjd; nraw;gh LfSk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikAilajhf ,y;iy vd;w fUj;jpid mf;fl;rp rhh;ghd th;fSk; thf;fhsh;fSk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

6. njspthd murpay; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; ,y;yhik: NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa ,yq;ifapy; ,d ey;ypzf;fk;> mjpfhuj;jpidg; gq;fPL nra;jy;> Gjpa murpayikg;gpidf; nfhz;LtUjy; Kjyhd tplaq;fspy; mjpf ftdQ;nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,J tplaj;jpy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; njspthd Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fSld; cs;sjh vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpwJ. fhq;fpu]pd; murpay; Nkilfspy; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpw fUj;Jf;fis mtjhdpf;fpw NghJ mf;fl;rpapd; murpay; Ntiyj; jpl;lk; re;jh;g;gtrkhdJ vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. murpay; mjpfhuj;jpidg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;Sjy; tplaj;jpYk; fhq;fpuRf;nfd njspthd jpl;lkpy;iy. mjpfhug; gq;fPL tplaj;jpy; fhq;fpu]; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;J te;Js;sJ. tlf;F - fpof;F khfhzq;fis xd;wpizj;J kPz;Lk; xU jdp myfhf nraw;glitg;gjh my;yJ tlf;F - fpof;F khfhzq;fs; njhlh;e;Jk; jdpj;jdp khfhzq;fshfr; nraw;gl ,lkspg;gjh vd;w tplaj;jpYk; fl;rpj; jiyikj;JtKk; fl;rpapd; Vida cWg;gpdh;fSk; khWgl;l fUj;jpy; cs;sdh;. mNjNtis> Gjpa murpayikg;G cUthf;fk; njhlh;gpy; K];ypk; mgpyhirfis gpujpgypf;ff;$ba Kd;efy; tiuNgh> mjidr; rhj;jpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fhj;jpukhd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fNsh fhq;fpu]plk; ,y;iy vd;Nw $wNtz;bAs;sJ.

7. murpay; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid gq;fPL nra;tjpYs;s neUf;fb: ghuhSkd;w> khfhz rig kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rp kd;w Njh;jy;fSf;F Kd;dh; fl;rp rhh;ghf ahh; ahiu Ntl;ghsuhf epWj;JtJ> Njh;jy;fspd; gpd;dh; xJf;fg;gLfpw Mrdq;fisg; gq;fPL nra;jy; (Njrpag; gl;bay; Mrdk;) cs;spl;l tplaq;fspy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;r;rpahd gpur;rpidfis vjph;nfhz;L tUfpwJ. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; Njrpag; gl;bay; Mrdj;jpidg; gq;fPL nra;fpwNghJk; mikr;Rg; nghWg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fpw NghJk; fhq;fpu]; njspthdnjhU nfhs;ifapidf; filg;gpbg;gjpy;iy. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf 2007 - 2015 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; mk;ghiu khtl;lj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf cs;s rk;khe;Jiw Njh;jy; njhFjp> murpay; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; vjidAk; nfhz;buhjpUe;jNghJ> epe;jT+h; gpuNjrj;jpid Nrh;e;j ,Uth; K];ypk; fhq;fpurpd; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fshf nraw;gl Kbe;jJ. ,t;tplaq;fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L murpay; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; njhlh; ghd njspthd Ntiyj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid fl;rp Kd;ndLg;gjd; %yk; fhq;fpu]pd; murpay; gpujpepjpj;Jt vz;zpf;ifapid mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;. mNjNtis> khfhz murhq;f mikr;rpid my;yJ nghWg;Gf;fis xg;gilg;gJ tplaj;jpYk; fle;j fhyq;fspy; fhq;fpu]; gy;NtW neUf;fbfis vjph;nfhz;Lte;Js;sJ.

8. vjph;g;G murpaiy Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yy;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; murpay; gpuNtrk; vjph;f;fl;rp murpapypy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;fpw NghjpYk; MSk; fl;rpfspd; Kf;fpa gq;fhspahf khwpajd; gpd;dNu> mf;fl;rp jPtpu tsh;r;rp fz;lJ. rpWghd;ik r%fnkhd;wpd; fl;rp vd;wtifapy; thf;Ffisj; jpul;Ltjw;F vjph;g;G murpay; cj;jp gad;gLfpw NghjpYk; r%f> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;F vjph;g;G murpay; gaD ilajy;y. ,yq;if K];ypk;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> mth;fs; ‘chpik murpaypYk; ghh;f;f mgptpUj;jp murpaypy;’ mjpf ehl;lk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,e;epiyapy; 2000 Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpd;duhd fhyg;gFjpapy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; ngUk;ghYk; vjph;f;fl;rpfSld; ,ize;Nj nraw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Njh;jy; fhyq;fspYk; vjph;g;G murpay; gpur;rhuq;fisNa fhq;fpu]; Nkw;nfhz;L te;Js;sJ. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; murhq;ff; fl;rpfSld; ,ize;jpUe;j NghjpYk; mt;turhq;fq;fspdhy; fhq;fpu]; Kf;fpa ,lj;jpy; itj;Jg; ghh;f;fg;gltpy;iy. 2015 ,w;Fg; gpd;dh; Vw;gl;l Ml;rp khw;wj;jpy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpaNghjpYk; K];ypk;fspd; cs;sf murpaypYk; ehl;bd;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

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murpay; Gwr;#oypYk; epfo;fpw tplaq;fs; fhq;fpu]pidg; ghjpj;Js;sd vd;Nw $wNtz; bAs;sJ.

9. kj> fyhrhu Rje;jpuj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;jj; jtwpAs;sik: NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa ,yq;if apy; kj> fyhrhu td;Kiwfs; jPtpukhf mjpfhpj;Js;sd. Fwpg;ghf rpWghd;ik K];ypk; fis ,yf;Fitj;J rpq;fs ngsj;j fLk;Nghf;fhsh;fspdhy; jPtpukhf td;Kiwfs; fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;Ls;sjid mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. NghUf;F Kd;dUk; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf gy td;Kiwfs; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jNghjpYk; NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;WtUk; td;Kiwfs; kpfTk; ghuJ}ukhditahFk;. NghUf;Fg; gpd;dh; mSj;fikapy; Muk;gpj;j K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfs; mk;ghiu> jpfd> Gj;jsk;> FUehfy;> kpDthq;nfhil vd ehl;bd; gy ,lq;fSf;Fk; gutpAs;sd. ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; kj> fyhrhu rpd;dq;fs;> nghUshjhuk; vd;gtw;wpy; ,t;td; Kiwfs; mjpfkhd ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. ,t;td;Kiwfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; ngUk;ghd;ik Mjutpidg; ngw;w fl;rp vd;wtifapy;> = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;Gf; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahdjhf ,y;iy. xU fl;lj;jpy; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyth; uT+g; `f;fPk; murhq;fj;jpy; ePjpaikr;Rg; nghWg;gpid tfpj;j NghjpYk; mf;fhyj;jpYk; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfs; jhuhskhf ele;Njwpd. ,t;tplaq;fspy; murhq;fj;jpw;F rpy mOj;jq;fisg; gpwg;gpj;jy;> ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUjy;> Fwpj;j td;Kiwfis rh;tNjrkag;gLj;Jjy; cs;spl;l rpy tplaq;fspy; fhq;fpu]; ftdk; nrYj;jp tUfpwNghjpYk; K];ypk;fspd; kj> fyhrhu Rje;jpuj;jpidg; ghJfhg;gjw;F K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Nkw;nfhs;fpw eltbf;iffs; NghJkh djy;y vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; gutyhf Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

10. fle;jfhyj; jtWfs;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fle;j fhyj;jpy; tpl;l jtWfSk; mjd; rkfhyj; njha;TfSf;F fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd. Fwpg;ghf ,yq;ifapy; k`pe;j uh[gf;~ [dhjpgjpahf gjtp tfpj;j fhyj;jpy; murpayikg;Gf;fhd gjpndl;lhtJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Mjutspj;jJ. ,J tplaj;jpy; fhq;fpu]; vLj;j KbT> mjw;fhf Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sg;gl;l cld;gbf;iffs;> mjd; gpd;dh; Vw;gl;l epiyikfis mtjhdpf;fpwNghJ> fhq;fpu]; mjdJ tuyhw;wpy; tpl;l kpfg;nghpa jtwhf mJ Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. mNjNtis> uh[gf;~ murhq;f fhyj;jpy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;l jptpneFk rl;l%y tplaj;jpYk; fhq;fpu]; ,ul;il Ntlj;jpidf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Fwpj;j rl;l %yk; khfhz rigfspd; RahjPdj;ijg; ghjpg;gjhf mike;jpUe;j epiyapy;> mr;rl;l%yj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fis kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Kd;itj;j fhq;fpu];> khfhz rigfspYk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; Fwpj;j rl;l%yj;jpw;F Mjuthf thf;fspj;jJ. fl;rpapy; NkYk; Vw;gltpUe;j gpstpid jLj;J fl;rpapidg; ghJfhg;gjw;Nf ,t;thwhd jPh;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gl;ljhf fl;rpj; jiyik gpu];jhgpj;jNghjpYk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; fhq;fpu]; njhlh; ghf kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;j ek;gpf;if Fiwtiltjw;F mf;fl;rp fle;jfhyq;fspy; tpl;l jtWfs; fhuzkhf mike;jd.

6. mtrpakhd rPh;jpUj;jq;fs;

K];ypk; murpay; gug;gpy; gy;NtW egh;fSk; fl;rpfSk; njhopw;gl;L tUfpwNghjpYk; rkfhyj;jpy; K];ypk; milahsj;jpid njspthfg; gpujpgypf;ff; $ba xU fl;rpahf = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; cs;sJ. uT+g; `f;fPkpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; nraw;gLk; fhq;fpu];> rkfhyj;jpy; gy njha;TfSld; gazpf;fpd;wJ. ,j;njha;TfspypUe;J fl;rp apid kPl;nlLg;gjw;F mtrpakhd rpy rPh;jpUj;jq;fis gpd;tUkhW Nehf;fyhk;:

1. rkfhyj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jf; $ba nfhs;iffs;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jhgpf;fg;gl;l NghJ> ,e;ehL rptpy; Aj;jnkhd;Wf;F Kfk;nfhLj;jpUe;jJ; rfy kl;lq;fspYk; ,d hPjpahd murpay; NknyOe;jpUe;jJ. ,j;jifa #oYf;F Kw;wpYk; khw;wkhdnjhU #oNy ,d;W epyTfpwJ. ,d;W ehl;by; rptpy; Aj;jk; KbTw;Ws;sJ; NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa ey;ypzf;fk; Fwpj;j Mh;tk; jPtpukhf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; K];ypk;fspd; kj> fyhrhu> rptpy; chpikfs; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ; rh;tNjr gaq;futhj nraw; ghLfs; ,yq;if K];ypk;fis ntFthfg; ghjpj;Js;sd. ,e;epiy khWjy;fSf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpyhd nfhs;if kWrPuikg;Gf;fis = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Nkw;nfhs; stpy;iy. tUle;NjhWk; fl;rp kfhehLfs; elj;jg;gLfpw NghjpYk; mq;F Nkw;nfhs;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

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sg;gLk; rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; mikg;G hPjpahditahf cs;sdNt jtpu> nfhs;if - ,yf;F rhh;e;jitahf ,y;iy. vdNtjhd; Gjpa rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy; nghUj;jkhd nfhs;if ,yf;Ffis tFj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpuRf;F cz;L.

2. nghWg;Gf;fNshL ,ize;jjhf mjpfhuk; gutyhf;fg;gLjy;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; mjpfhug; gbepiyapy; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Mjpf;fNk kpifj;Js;sJ. jiyikaplk; mjpfhuk; xd;WFtpf;fg;gl;l fl;rp khjphpapidNa fhq;fpu]; gpd;gw;WfpwJ. fhq;fpu]; vjph;nfhs;Sk; njhlh;r;rpahd cl;fl;rp gpsTfspypUe;Jk; fOj;jWg;Gf;fsp ypUe;Jk; fl;rpapidg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd cWjpahd jiyikj;Jtk; mtrpak; vd;w NghjpYk;> fhq;fpurpid NkYk; [duQ;rfg;gLj;Jtjw;F mjpfhuj;NjhL ,ize;J nghWg;Gf;fs; gutyhf;fg;gLtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. eilKiwapy; fl;rpapd; gbepiy thpirapy; cs;s mikg;Gf;fSf;F NghJkhd mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. fl;rpj; jiyikapd; jPh;khdq;fisAk; cj;juTfisAk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; Jizepiy tfpgh fj;jpidNa mt;tikg;Gf;fs; nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNtjhd; fl;rpapd; gy;NtW gjtp epiy apy; cs;sth;fs; mlq;fyhf fl;rpapd; Jizepiy mikg;GfSf;Fk; nghWg;Gf;fNshL mjpfhuj;jpid gutyhf;Ftjd; %yk; rfy gug;Gf;fspYk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpurpd; nraw;ghl;L tfpghfj;jpid mjpfhpf;f KbAk;.

3. r%f eyd;fis Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jjy;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; mjd; cUthf;fk; Kjy; xU r%f - murpay; ,af;fkhfNt jd;id ,dk;fhl;b te;jpUf;fpwJ; r%fk; njhlh;ghd fUj;jhly;fis Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpNa mJ thf;fhsh;fis xd;Wjpul;baJ. m~;u/gpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; r%f eyd;fis murpay; hPjpahf ntw;wpnfhs;tjpYk; fhq;fpu]; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpapUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;gpy; rkfhyj;jpy; vOe;Js;s kpf Kf;fpa tpkh;rdk;> mf;fl;rp r%f eyd;fspYk; ghh;f;f jdpegh; eyd;fSf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwJ vd;gjhFk;. Kw;wpYk; ajhh;j;jG+h;tkhd r%f> murpay; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jdpegh; eyd; rKf eyd;fshy; khw;wPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNtjhd; fl;rpapd; jiyikj;Jtk; cs;slq;fyhf mj;jid cWg;gpdh;fSk; r%f eyd;fSf;F Kd;Dhpikaspj;J nraw;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. mjpYk;Fwpg;ghf murpay; jPh;Tf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; mgpyhirfs; vd;w tplaj;jpy; fl;rp njspthd nfhs;ifj; jPh;khdk; xd;wpw;F tuNtz;bAs;sJld; mjw;fhd r%f mq;fPfhuj;jpidAk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,J tplaj;jpy; K];ypk; Gyikahsh;fs;> murpay; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; kj;jpapy; jpwe;j fye;Jiuahly;fis epfo;j;j Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ. mNjNtis> fl;rpj; jiy ikj;JtKk; fl;rpapd; Vida ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSk; murhq;fj; jiyth;fSlDk; ghJfhg;Gj; jug;Gf;fSlDk; njhlh;r;rpahd fye;Jiuahly;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; jw;NghJ vOe;Js;s kj - fyhrhu hPjpahd ntWg;G+l;ly;fisAk; td;KiwfisAk; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu KbAk;..

4. $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfis Cf;Ftpj;jy;: rkfhyj;jpy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; cWg;gpdh;fs; kj;jpapy; $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfs; ,y;yhkypUg;gJk; xU Kf;fpa gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ. xt;nthU cWg;gpdUk; fl;rpapid md;wp> jj;jkJ murpay; ,Ug;gpid ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpfspy; mjpfk; <LgLtjid mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. fl;rp vd;gJ Njh;jYf;fhd xU ,ae;jpukhf md;wp> fl;rpf;fhf cWg;gpdh;fs; my;y vd;w epiyNa fhq;fpu]py; cs;sJ. ,t;tpjk; fhq;fpu]pd; cWg;gpdh;fs; kj;jpapy; $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfs; Fiwthf ,Ug;gJ mz;ikf;fhykhf fl;rpapd; tsh;r;rpapid ntFthfg; ghjpj;Js;sJ. xNu murpay; ,af;fj;jpid Nrh;e;jth;fs; vd;wtifapy;> fhq;fpu]pd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis gykhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F mjd; cWg;gpdh;fSf;fpilNa xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rp mtrpakhfpwJ. vdNtjhd; fl;rpj; jiyikj;JtKk; cah;gPlKk; fl;rp cWg;gpdh;fsJ $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfspy; mjpf ftdnkLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf fl;rp xUq;fpizg;Gf; FOf;fisg; gyg;gLj;JtJld;> fl;rpf;nfd fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; kPsha;Tg; nghwpKiw xd;wpidAk; cUthf;fpr; nraw;gLj;j KbAk;.

5. cs;sf [dehafj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jjy;: = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; cs;sf [dehafk; njhlh;ghf fl;rpf;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; gy tpkh;rdq;fs; fhzg;gL fpd;wd. fl;rpapd; cah;gPlf; $l;lq;fspy; Rje;jpukhf fUj;Jf;fis njhptpg;gjw;F tha;g;G toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy; rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; toq;fg;gLfpd;w tha;g;Gf;fs; jilg; gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,JNghd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; fl;rpapd; cah;gPl cWg;gpdh;fshy; Kd;

KALAM – International Research Journal

Faculty of Arts and Culture,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.

12 (1), 2019

KALAM, 12 (1), 2019 13

itf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sd. fl;rpf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;j rpyuJ mgpg;gpuhaj;jpd;gb fhq;fpu]py; cs;sf [dehafkd;wp jiyikj;Jt rh;thjpfhuNk epyTfpwJ. rpyNtis> fl;rpapd; cs;sf [dehafj;jpid fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; fl;rpapy; gy gpsTf isAk; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd. vdNtjhd; [dehaf murpaypy; ehl;lk;nfhz;l xU fl;rp vd;wtifapy; fl;rpf;F cs;Ns jpwe;j rk;gh~idf;F ,lkspf;ff; $ba; khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;ff; $ba; [dehaf tpOkpaq;fisg; NgzNtz;ba Njit As;sJ. ,jd; %yk; fl;rpf;Fk; jiyikf;Fk; vjpuhf vOfpw tpkh;rdq;fis fl;rpf;Fs;Ns jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;s KbtJld; fl;rp njhlh;ghd kf;fspd; ed;kjpg;gpidAk; mjpfhpf;f KbAk;.

6. ,d ey;ypzf;f Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fis Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jjy;: rptpy; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa ,yq;ifapy; ,d ey;ypzf;fk; Fwpj;j fUj;jhly; Kf;fpa ,lj;jpidg; gpbj;Js;s epiyapy;> ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;F cjtf;$ba tpjj;jpy; kpfTk; nghWg;Gzh;r;rpAld; fhq;fpu]; nraw;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. r%fk; rhh;e;j eyd;fspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLg;Gr; nra;ahj mNjNeuk;> Njrpa If;fpaj;jpy; ftdnkLj;Jr; nraw;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jw;fhf rpq;fs> jkpo; fl;rpfSlDk; mikg;Gf;fSlDk; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;r;rpahd cwTfis Vw;gLj;jpr; nraw;gl Ntz;ba NjitapUf;fpwJ. mz;ikf;fhykhf ,yq;ifapy; cUthfpAs;s mrhjhuz #o;epiyapd; NghJ fhq;fpu]; nghWg;Gzh;r;rpAld; ele;J nfhs;fpw NghjpYk; r%f kl;lj;jpy; fhq;fpu]pd; nghWg;Gj; njhlh;ghf gyj;j tpkh;rdq;fs; epyTfpd;wd. mjpfhuj;jpidg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;Sjy;> tlf;F - fpof;F ,izg;G> Gjpa murpayikg;G cUthf;fk; cs;spl;l tplaq;fspy; fhq;fpu]pd; kdr;rhl;rp Nrhjpj;Jg; ghh;f;fg;gLfpw epiyAk; cz;L. ,e;ehl;by; K];ypk;fs; xU rpWghd;ik r%fj;jth; vd;wtifapy; Vida ,dj;jth;fSld; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w tplaKk; fl;rpapd; Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspy; Kjd;ik ngwNtz;bAs;sJ.

7. ,isQh;fis tYT+l;Ljy;: fhq;fpu]; cUthf;fj;jpy; K];ypk; ,isQh;fspd; tfpghfk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. jkpo; ,isQh;fs; MAjq;fshy; ftug;gl;lNghJ> K];ypk; ,isQh;fs; murpayhy; ftug;gLk; ifq;fhpaj;jpid fhq;fpu]; mjd; Muk;g ehl;fspy; nra;jJ. ,jw;fhf fhq;fpu]; gy;NtW ,isQh; FOf;fis mikj;Jr; nraw;gl;lJ. fhq;fpu]pd; MjuTj; jsj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; ,isQh;fs; fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpdh;. cz;ikapy; xU r%f> murpay; ,af;fj;jpd; vOr;rpf;Fk; tPo;r;rpf;Fk; ,isQh;fs; fhu zkhfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mz;ikf;fhykhf fhq;fpu]; njhlh;gpNyh mjd; jiyikj;Jtk; njhlh;gpNyh ,isQh;fs; kj;jpapypUe;j ek;gpf;if ntFthff; Fiwe;J nry;fpwJ. r%f Clfq;fspYk; Vida jsq;fspYk; fhq;fpuRf;F vjpuhd tpkh;rdq;fis Kd;itg;gjpy; ,isQh;fs; Kd;epw;fpd;wdh;. vdNtjhd; fhq;fpu]; mjdJ r%fg; nghWg;gpid czh;e;J> mjd; vjph;fhyk; fUjp ,isQh;fis gapw;Wtpf;f Ntz;ba NjitapUf;fpwJ. fhq;fpu]py; cs;s rpy murpay;thjpfs; ,t;tplaj;jpy; ftdk;nrYj;Jfpw NghjpYk; fl;rp hPjpahd tYT+l;ly; NkYk; mtrpakhfpwJ; r%f gpuf;iQia Vw;gLj;Jfpw tplaq;fspy; K];ypk; ,isQh;fis xd;Wjpul;l Ntz;ba Njit fhq;fpuRf;Fs;sJ.

8. ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jiyth;fis cUthf;Fjy;: fl;rpfSf;Fs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; ,uz; lhk; epiyj; jiyth;fis cUthf;FtJ fl;rpapd; ];jpug;ghl;bw;F Mgj;jhdJ vd;W fUjg;gLfpw NghjpYk; fl;rpj; jiyikj;Jt ntw;wplq;fis vjph;nfhs;fpw re;jh;g; gq;fspy; fl;rpapid topelj;jpr; nry;yj;jf;f ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jiyikj;Jtk; mtrpa khfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf 2000 Mk; Mz;by; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyth; m~;u/g; kuzpj;jNghJ fl;rpf;Fs;Ns vOe;j Kjy; neUf;fb fl;rpapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpid ahh; nghWg;Ngw;gJ vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. gpd;dh; mJNt fl;rpapy; gy Gjpa gpsTfis Vw;gLj;Jk; gpujhd fhuzpahfTk; mike;jJ. m~;u/g; mtuJ fhyj;jpYk; mtUf;F mLj;j jiyikj;Jtj; jpid gpufldk; nra;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,d;Ws;s jiyikj;JtKk; ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jiyth;fSf;F ,lk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L epyTfpwJ. vdNtjhd; fl;rpapd; vjph;fhyk; fUjp ,uz;lhk; epiyj; jiyth;fis tsh;f;f Ntz;ba NjitapUf;fpwJ. ,jw;fhf fl;rpapy; cs;s ,isa jiyKiwapdiu gapw;Wtpf;f KbAk;. rkfhyj;jpy; fhq;fpuRf;Fs;Ns gy Jbg;ghd> MSikAs;s ,isQh;fs; gyh; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. mth; fis Kiwahf gapw;Wtpg;gjd; %yk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; rpwe;j jiyth;fis K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; ngwf;$Lk;.

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9. rh;tNjr njhlh;Gfisg; NgZjy;: ,yq;ifapy; rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ikapduJk; jkpo; rpWghd;ikapduJk; gpur;rpidfSk; eyd;fSk; rh;tNjrkag;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; mstpw;F K];ypk;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; neUf;fbfs; rh;tNjrkag;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. cyfpy; fzp rkhd K];ypk; ehLfs; fhzg;gLfpw NghjpYk; me;ehLfSldhd fhq;fpu]pd; njhlh;G vd;gJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhfNt cs;sJ. J}Jth;fisr; re;jpj;jy;> rh;tNjr Clfq; fSf;F nrt;tpfis toq;Fjy;> ntspehl;L tp[aq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w rpy Kaw;rpfis fhq;fpu]; Kd;ndLf;fpw NghjpYk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr ftdaPh;g;gpid Vw;gLj;Jkstpw;F mk;Kaw;rpfs; ,Ug;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. ,d;Ws;s #o;epiyapy; K];ypk;fs; Njrpa hPjpahf gy neUf;Fthuq;fSf;F cl;gl; Ls;sdh;. cs;sf hPjpahf K];ypk;fis ghJfhg;gjw;Fs;s murpay; nghwpKiwfSk; Njhy;tp fz;Ls;sd. ,e;epiyapy; rh;tNjr ftd<h;g;G mtrpakhfpwJ. mNjNghd;W> Gyk; ngah;e;J thOk; K];ypk;fs; njhlh;gpYk; fhq;fpu]; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;b As;sJ. vdNtjhd; r%fg; nghWg;gpid Rke;j xU fl;rp vd;wtifapy;> fhq;fpu]; rh;tNjr njhlh;Gfis tp~;jhpf;f Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf ,yq;ifAld; kpf neUf;fkhfr; nraw;gLk; K];ypk; ehLfSld; njhlh;Gfis tp~;jhpj;J K];ypk; eyd;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtij cWjpnra;J nfhs;sKbAk;. ,jd; %yk; ,yq;iftho; K];ypk;fspd; eyd; njhlh;ghd rh;tNjr mgpg;gpuhaj;jpidAk; cUthf;f KbAk;.

10. K];ypk; r%f murpaiy Mtzg;gLj;Jjy;: ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tuyhW> ghuk;ghpak; kw;Wk; r%f - nghUshjhu - murpay; ,aq;Fepiy njhlh;ghd Mtzg;g Lj;jy; vd;w tplak; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. gy;yhapu tUlfhyk; gioikahd K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;Wg; ghuk;ghpak; rpijtile;J nry;fpw ,f;fhy #o;epiyapy;> mJ Fwpj;j Mtzkhf;fy; nraw;jpl;lnkhd;wpid fhq;fpu]; Kd;ndLg;gJ mtrpakhdJ. ,jw;nfd fhq;fpu]; xU K];ypk; fy;tpapayhsh; FOtpid mikj;Jr; nraw;gl KbAk;. kpf mz;ika ehl;fspy; ,];yhkpaj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa khehLfis xOq;F nra;jy;> ,];yhkpaj; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; njhlh;ghd xU gphptpid ,yq;if njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; epWTjy; cs;spl;l tplaq;fspy; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyth; Nkw;nfhz;L tUk; Kaw;rp ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ. fhq;fpu]; xU r%f> murpay; ,af;fk; vd;wtifapy;> mf;fl;rp Jiwrhh; epGzh;fs;> ,yf;fpathjpfs;> r%f Mh;tyh;fs; cs;spl;l Gyikrhh; tl;lnkhd;wpid cUthf;fpr; nraw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mjd; r%fg; gq;fspg;gpid NkYk; mjpfhpf;f KbAk;. K];ypk;fspd; Njrpag; gpur;rpid Fwpj;j tplaj;jpYk;> ,f;FOf;fspd; MNyhridfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L nraw;gl KbAk;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; jtph;e;j fl;rpapd; cs;@u; FOf;fis Gduikj;jy;> Njrpa murpay; ePNuhl;lj;jpy; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; milahsk; rpije;JtplhJ ghJfhg; gjw;Nfw;w kj;jpajuf; nfhs;ifapid tFj;jy;> fl;rpapd; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspy; rfy gpuNjrq;fisAk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sjy;> Ntiytha;g;G cs;spl;l tplaq; fspy; njspthd nfhs;if xd;wpid tFj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;> fl;rp cWg;gpdh;fSf;F gapw;rpaspg;gjw;fhd jdpahd gphpnthd;wpid cUthf;Fjy;> Njrpa hPjpahf Kf;fpaj; Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fspy; kf;fSf;F njhlh;r;rpahd tpopg;Gzh;tpid Vw;gLj;Jjy;> kf;fspd; kdf;FiwfSf;F nrtprha;j;jy;> fl;rpapd; mq;fj;Jt vz;zpf;ifapid tU lhe;jk; mjpfhpf;f eltbf;if vLj;jy;> fl;rpf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fkpilapyhd njhlh;gpid mjpfhpg;gjw;F Gjpa njhopy;El;g je;jpNuhghaq;fisf; ifahSjy;> fl;rp mq;fj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd gjpnthd;wpid NgzptUjy;> fl;rpapd; nraw;ghLfs; njhlh;gpy; njhlh;r; rpahd kjpg;gPLfis Nkw;nfhz;L mjpypUe;J fw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;> K];ypk; ngz;fspd; murpay; gq;Nfw;gpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd Ntiyj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid tFj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;> fl;rpf; fl;likg;gpYs;s gjtp epiyfspy; khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;LtUfpw NghJ FLk;g cwT> gpuNjrthjk; vd;gtw;wpw;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jy;> murpay; hPjpahf gpd;jq; fpAs;s gpuNjrq;fspd; ghuhSkd;wg; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if vLj;jy;> fl;rpapd; nrayhsh; cs;spl;l rpy gjtpfSf;F fl;rpapd; ghuhSkd;w cWg; gpdh;fs; my;yhjth;fis epakdk; nra;jy;> fl;rp cWg;gpdh;fspd; xOf;fj;jpYk; elj;ij apYk; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;> Njh;jy; fhyq;fspy; kl;Lky;yhJ Vida Neuq;fspYk; kf;fs; re;jpg;Gf;fis Vw;ghL nra;jy;> K];ypk; my;yhjth;fspd; Mjutpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s eltbf;if vLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.

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7. KbTiu

,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; murpay; gy;ghpkhz tsh;r;rpapidg; ngw;Ws;sJ. gphpj;jhdpah; fhyk; Kjy; ,d;W tiu K];ypk; murpaypy; tpaf;fj;jf;f gy khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd. xU fl;lj;jpy; ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; njw;F - fpof;F vd gphpe;J ngUk; Njrpaf; fl;rpfspYk; jkpo; rpWghd;ik fl;rpapYk; ,ize;jpUe;j epiy khwp> 1980 fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; K];ypk;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd Njrpa milahsj;Jld; $ba murpaiy Nehf;fp efh;e; jdh;. ,e;efh;tpy; vk;.vr;.vk;. m~;u/g; kw;Wk; mtuJ = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; tfpghfk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,jd;gb 1980 fspy; tlf;F> fpof;fpy; tho;e;j K];ypk;fspd; ghJfhg;G Nfs;tpf; FwpahdNghJ mth;fsJ ghJfhg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;jp> K];ypk;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;jpidg; NgZtjw;fhd xU ngUk; r%f - murpay; ,af;fkhf K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; tsh;r;rpaile;jJ.

K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; m~;u/gpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; KO tPr;Rld; nraw;gl;lJ. m~;u/gpd; murpay; Kjph;r;rpAk; mtuJ MSikAk; Jzpfug; gz;Gk; fk;gPukhd Njhw;wKk; Njrpa murpay; muq;fpy; K];ypk; Fuiy Xq;fp xypf;fr; nra;jd. m~;u/Gk; mtuJ fhq;fpuRk; 1994 ,y; mike;j murhq;fj;jpy; Kf;fpa ghj;jpuj;jpid vLj;jdh;. ,jd;%yk; fhq;fpu]; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tug;gpurhjq;fisf; nfhz;L m~;u/g; K];ypk; r%fj;jpid vOr;rp epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whh;. vdpDk; 2000 Mk; Mz;by; ,lk;ngw;w m~;u/gpd; mfhy kuzk; mtuJ K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; tsh;r;rpapy; ngUk; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpaJ. m~;u/gpd; kiwtpw;Fg; gpd;dh; fhq;fpu]pd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpid uT+g; `f;fPk; nghWg;Ngw;w NghjpYk; fl;rp gy $Wfshf cile;J nry;tij mtuhy; jLf;f Kbatpy;iy.

= yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; Gjpa jiyth; fl;rpapidAk; fl;rpj; jiyikj;Jtj;jp idAk; ghJfhg;gjpNyNa mjpf Neuj;jpid nrytpl Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ. mNefkhf m~;u/Gf;Fg; gpe;jpa jrhg;jj;jpy; vjph;f;fl;rp murpay; ghijapidj; njhpT nra;j fhq;fpu];> K];ypk; kf;fspd; eyd; tplaj;jpy; nghpjhf vjidAk; rhjpf;ftpy;iy vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; cz;L. mz;ikf;fhykhf ,yq;if K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhff; fl;ltpo;j;J tplg;gl;Ls;s kj> fyhrhu td;Kiwfis fl;Lg;gLj;JtjpYk; K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; gq;fspg;G NghJkhdjy;y vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;L Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ. K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jw;NghJs;s murhq;fj;jpy; Kf;fpa gq;fhspf; fl;rpahf ,Uf;fpw NghjpYk; mjd; r%fg; gq;fspg;Gfs; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahdjhf ,y;iy.

,t;tpjk; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;ghf vOe;jpUf;fpw gy;NtW tpkh;rdq;fSf;Fk; gjpyspf;fj; jf;fjhd nghwpKiwAk; fhq;fpu]py; ,y;iy. xU r%f> murpay; ,af;fk; vd;w tifapy;> fhq;fpu]; rkfhyj;jpy; gy njha;TfSld; gazpf;fpwJ. ,j;njha;T fspypUe;J kPz;nlOtjw;F mt;tpaf;fk; kpf ePz;l J}uk; gazpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. jw;fhyj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jf;$ba gy kWrPuikg;Gf;fis mJ Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; njhlh;ghf vOe;jpUf;fpw gykhd rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapYk; mf;fl;rpapdhy; njhlh;e;Jk; nraw;gl Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. Njrpa murpaypYk; cs;@u; murpaypYk; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd thf;fhsh; Mjutpid mf;fl;rp ,d;Dk; jf;f itj;Js;sJ. Njrpa murpaypy; mf;fl;rpf;F ,Uf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid mJ ,d;Dk; ,oe;Jtpltpy;iy vdyhk;.

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