sama vimarshee august sept 2013 - centre for policy ... for policy alternatives 3 mf];l; -...

ISSN 955-1800-0061

fyhepjp ghf;fpaNrhjp rutzKj;J { Nguhrpupau; [aNjt cad;nfhl { rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th { Nguhrpupau; [ad;j;j nrdtpuj;d { nkh`kl; /g];yhd;

Nguhrpupau; fPjnghd;fyd; { jp];] [ajpyf;f { nkjfk jk;khde;j Njuu; { khJYthNt Nrhgpj;j Njuu; { re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuzJq;f { Nguhrpupau; jp];] tpj;jhuz

tpkytPu jprhehaf;f { fyhepjp [ak;gj;jp tpf;ukuj;d { rl;lj;juzp v];.vy;.FzNrf;fu { mrq;f ntypf;fy { cja gpughj; fk;kd;gpy { fhkpdp [atpf;uk ngNuuh

rhe;jpdp Nfhd;f`Nf { lf;s]; Njthde;j { Nguhrpupau; `];Gy;yh { rP. tpf;Nd];tud;

'vkf;F Rje;jpuk; Vd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; ?

vkJ mbg;gil cupikfSld; Nkhjiy Vw;gLj;Jk;

rkj;Jtkpd;ik> ghugl;rkhf elj;jg;gLjy; vd;git

epiwe;j vkJ r%f mikg;ig khw;wpaikf;fNt"

Rje;jpuk; Ntz;Lk;"

gP.Mu;. mk;Ngl;fhu;

(,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; rpU\;bfu;j;jh)

kyu; 10 ,jo; 02

2013 Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu;

khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; ntspaPL

1C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s

Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; F

ISSN 955-1800-0061

kyh; 10 ,jo; 02 Xf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013

njhiyNgrp 94-1-2370801/4 njhiyefy; 94-1-2370802 kpd;dQ;ry; [email protected] ,izaj;jsk; www.cpalanka.org

'rkhjhd Nehf;F" vd;gJ khw;Wf;nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; rkhjhdKk; Nkhjy; Ma;Tk; gw;wpa gpuptpdJk; r%fg; gq;fspg;G epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lg; gpuptpdJk; gpuRukhFk;. khw;Wf;nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyankd;gJ RahjPd> murpay; fl;rp Ngjkw;w mikg;ghFk;. mJ gpujhdkhf Ml;rp

Kuz;ghLfisj; jPu;j;jy; kw;Wk; mjDld; ,ize;j gpur;rpidfs; vd;gd kPJ mtjhdk; nrYj;Jk;. nghJ kf;fspd; nfhs;if njhlu;ghd rk;gh\

idf;F rptpy; r%fj;jpd; Neub xj;Jiog;G Njitg;gLtjhYk;> mijg; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ njhlu;ghf kpFe;j ek;gpf;if fhuzkhfTk;>

1996 ,y; khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. nghJ kf;fs; kPjhd nfhs;iffs; tpku;rd uPjpahf jpwdha;T nra;ag;gly; khw;W

topfis ,dq;fhzy;> mij tpupthf;fy; njhlu;ghd Ma;T> mOj;jk; nfhLf;Fk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpw;F khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd

epiyak; jd;id mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ.

'rkhjhd Nehf;F" rQ;rpif> ,yq;ifapd; Nkhjiy jPu;g;gjw;F VJthd gpur;rpidfisapl;L> vkf;Fk; nghJkf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,ilaPl;il

Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU khu;f;fkhf gad;gLfpwJ. ,r;rQ;rpifapy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jf;fs; khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyaj;jpdNjh

my;yJ mjd; gzpg;ghsu; rigapdNjh fUj;Jf;fis gpujpgypf;ftpy;iy. Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F gpd;tUk; KftupAld; njhlu;Gnfhs;f.

njhlu;GfSf;F : 'rkhjhd Nehf;F"

24{2> 28tJ xOq;if> /g;stu; tPjp> nfhOk;G-7

njhiyNgrp : 011 2565304-6> njhiyefy; : 011 4714460

kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected] ,izaj;jsk; : www.cpalanka.org

,USf;Fg; gofpa fz;fs;Aj;jk; Kbtile;J gy Mz;Lfs; fle;j NghJk; kPz;Lk; mt;thwhdNjhu; epiyik Vw;gLtijj; jLg;gjw;fhd gaDWjpAs;s

ve;jnthU eltbf;ifapidAk; murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhz;ljhfj; njupatpy;iy. jkpo; kf;fSf;F epahakhd mjpfhug; gfpu;T

njhlu;ghd Ngr;Rf;fs; ,dthj rf;jpfspdJk; murpay; re;ju;g;gthjpfspdJk; Xu; ehlf muq;fhf khwpAs;sJ. ,J xU Jujpu;\;l

trkhd epiyikahFk;.

khfhz rigfs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L 20 Mz;Lfs; g+u;j;jpahtij Kd;dpl;L vkJ jiyaPl;bd; fhuzkhf khfhz rigfspd;

kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs;> cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%ff; FOtpdu; vd;gtu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; khfhz rigfis tYtilar;

nra;Ak; Kiwikapid mu;j;jKs;sjhf;Fk; nghUl;L gupe;Jiuf; Nfhitnahd;W jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g; gupe;Jiuf; NfhitahdJ

ghuhSkd;wg; gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; [dhjpgjp cs;spl;l nghWg;G tha;e;j midj;J jug;gpdu;fSf;Fk; fpilf;fr; nra;j NghjpYk;

mtu;fspd; ftdj;ij <u;f;ftpy;iy. MapDk; mjpy; cs;slq;fpAs;s gupe;Jiufs; ,d;iwf;Fk; nry;YgbahdjhFk;.

murhq;fj;jpdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l ru;tfl;rpf; FOtpd; Nahridfs; fplg;gpy; ,lg;gl;Ls;sJ. [dhjpgjpapd; nrayhsuJ jiyikapy;

nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; jahupf;fg;gl;ljd; tpisthf fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;f Mizf;FOtpd; (vy;.vy;.Mu;.rP) Nahridfs;

mKy;gLj;jg;glhik njhlu;ghf Vw;gl;l Ngr;Rf;fs; Kw;Wg; ngw;wd. Mik Ntfj;jpNyNa mjd; nraw;ghLfSk; mike;Js;sd.

,e; epiyikfspdhy; ehl;by; tpUj;jpaile;J nry;fpd;w ,d uPjpahd rfpg;gpd;ik kw;Wk; Vkhw;wk;> ru;tNjr uPjpapy; vjpu;Nehf;Fk;

jiyaPLfs; vd;gtw;wpd; Kd; murhq;fk; jhd; Njhd;wpj;jdkhf nraw;gLfpd;wNj xopa ,jd; Mgj;ij czu;e;jjhf ,y;iy.

,dthjpfisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kj uPjpahd Nkhjy;fs; NkNyhq;Ftjw;F ,lkspg;gjD}lhf Gjpa gpur;rpidfs;

cUthf;fk; eilngw;W tUfpwJ. ehL mopTg; ghijia Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gNj ,jd; %yk; ed;F Gyg;gLfpwJ. MfNt

,J gw;wp mwpTs;s gpui[fs; ,e; epiyik njhlu;ghf $Uzu;Tilatu;fshf khWtJ tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j xd;whFk;.

MNyhrfu;: yady; FUNf

gjpg;ghrpupau;: v];.rptFUehjd;> gf;f tbtikg;G: thf;ah& 011-2708377 mr;rhf;fk; : f;Nshg; g;upd;bq; Ntu;f;]; 0777-315971

rkhjhd Nehf ;F

2 C e n t r e f o r P o l i c y A l t e r n a t i v e s

Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F cs;slf;fk;

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk; 13tJ murpay; mikg;Gr; rl;lKk;

fyhepjp [ak;gjp tpf;fpukuj;d 55

jho;Tr; rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt ,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdu;

rpNu\;l rl;lj;juzp v];.vy;. FzNrfu 58

tlf;F Nju;jYld; fsj;Jf;F te;Js;s %l ek;gpf;iffs;

mrq;f ntypf;fy 62

gpuptpid thjj;jpw;Fj; Jiz NghFk; tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;

cja gpughj; fk;kd;gpy 66

tl Kidapy; thOk; kf;fSf;F cupj;jhd Fiwe;jsT mjpfhuj;ij

toq;FNthk;

fhkpdp [atpf;uk ngNuuh 71

khfhz rigfs; msTf;F fpuhkq;fSf;Fg; gzpahw;wpa Ntnwe;j

epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lKk; ,y;iy

rhe;jpdp Nfhd;f`Nf 75

gpur;rpidfSf;F ePz;lfhyj; jPu;itj; NjLtjpy; KjyhtJ gb-

Kiw khfhz rigahFk;

mikr;ru; lf;s]; Njthde;jh 77

tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; 2013 K];ypk; kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fs;

Nguhrpupau; `p];Gy;yh 80

gjpd;%d;Wk; ePf;fg;gl;lhy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vJTNk kpQ;rhJ

rP. tpf;Nd];tud; 82

mjpfhug; gutyhf;fy; tpthjj;jpD}Nl Nkhjy;fisj; njhlu;jy;

fyhepjp ghf;fpaNrhjp rutzKj;J 3

,uz;lhe;ju FbAupikapid Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; murpay; ajhu;j;jk;

Nguhrpupau; [aNjt caq;nfhl 6

nra;tjw;F ,zq;fpa NghJk; nra;ahJ tpl;likahy; ehl;ilg;

gpsTgLj;jYk;

rl;lj;juzp v];.[P.GQ;rpN`th 10

13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F nfhd;gpArpa];]plkpUe;J xU gbg;gpid

Nguhrpupau; [ae;j nrdtpuj;d 15

13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jKk; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSk;

nkh`kl; /g];yhd; 18

jkpo; r%fk; jtWfs; mjpfk; ,ioj;Js;sJ Nguhrpupau; fPjnghd;fyd; 21

ntspAwTf; nfhs;if> [pdPth gpNuuiz kw;Wk; ehl;bd;

vjpu;fhyk;

jp];] [ajpyf;f 25

khfhzq;fSf;F mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tJ kfhehaf;f Njuu;fsJ fUj;J

ahJ?

nkjfk jk;khee;j Njuu; 29

cyf epiyik fUj;jpnyLj;Nj mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

khJSthNt Nrhgpj;j Njuu; 33

tlf;fpw;F mjpfhuq;fisf; NfhUtJ epahakhdNj

Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp re;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f 37

khfhz rigfs; nts;is ahid vd;gJ epahakw;wJ

mikr;ru; Nguhrpupau; jp];] tpjhuz 45

Gw;Wf;Fs; ,Ug;gJ vd;dntd;W njupahky;

Gw;Wf;F gag;gLtJ Nghd;wNj 13 gak;

tpkytPu jp]hehaf;f 50

Njrpag; gpur;rpidAk; k.tp.K NahridfSk;

rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th 53



mjpfhug; gfpu;Tk; 13 tJ jpUj;jKk; kPz;LnkhU Kiw murpay; tpthjj;jpd;

ikaj;jpw;F te;Js;sd. gy;NtW fhuzpfspd ;tpisthf ,e; epiyik Njhd;wpAs;sJ.

2013 nrg;lk;gu; khjk; 21 Mk; jpfjp eilngwTs;s KjyhtJ tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jNy

gpujhd fhuzpahFk;. Nju;jy; KbTfSld; Nju;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; Neu;ikj; jpwd;

kw;Wk; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; njhlu;ghd jw;Nghija murpayikg;Gr; rl;l Vw;ghLfis

gytPdg;gLj;jhikapid cWjp nra;tjw;fhd ru;tNjr kw;Wk; tpNrlkhf ,e;jpahtpd;

jiyaPL Mfpa fhuzpfshFk;. kWGwj;jpy; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpid

Kw;WKOjhf mfw;w ,ayhJ tpbd; mjDs; vJTkw;w ntWk; ntw;Wf; $nlhd;whf

mjid khw;Wtjw;F Ml;rp gPlj;jpypUf;Fk; rpyuplKs;s ,yl;rpaj;ij xU fhuzpahff;

$w KbAk;. murpay; jPu;nthd;W mtrpakw;wJ vDk; murhq;fj;jpd; gyj;j tpRthrj;jpd;

fhuzkhfNt ,t; ,yl;rpak; cUthfpwJ. Aj;j ntw;wpapd; kPJ ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l

epiyikfspd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpapd; %yk;

murhq;fj;jpdhy; Kd; itf;fg;gLk; epge;jidfSf;Nfw;g rkhjhdk;> nrsghf;fpak;>

ey;ypzf;fk; kw;Wk; xw;Wik vd;gtw;Wf;fhd ghij fhl;lg;gLtjhf ,q;F njupfpwJ.

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghyp]; kw;Wk; fhzp mjpfhuq;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; tl khfhz rigahdJ (cz;ikapNyNa mtu;fsJ gak;

,e;j khfhz rig njhlu;ghf kl;LNk) Njrpa xUikg;ghL Mgj;ij vjpu;nfhs;Sk;

mjpfhug; gutyhf;fy; tpthjj;jpD}Nl

Nkhjy;fisj; njhlu;jy;

Photo source: http://photodivision.gov.in

fyhepjp ghf;fpaNrhjp rutzKj;J

epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsu;

khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak;

,e;jpa [dhjpgjp kd;Nkh`d;rpq;if [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\ re;jpj;j NghJ


Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013r kh jh d Neh f; F

—

˜

vd;gNj mjpfhug; gfpu;Tf;F vjpuhdtu;fs;

Kd; itf;fpd;w thjj;jpd; fUg;nghUs;

MFk;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,JnthU rpW tplakhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;w NghJk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy;

ghuJ} ukhd tpisTfSf;F fhuzkhf

mikAk; epiyikiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

vd [dhjpgjp> murhq;fj;jpypUf;Fk;

mtuJ rNfhju;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ

nfhs;ifia mDrupf;Fk; rfhf;fs;

Mfpa gyUk; cWjpahff; $Wfpd;wdu;.

mt;thNw mJ tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F

jhkjpj;NjDk; fpilf;Fk; xU

ntw;wpahFnkdTk;> mjd; %yk; ehL

gpsTgLtjw;F toptFf;fg;gLnkdTk;

mtu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. khfhzq;fSf;fhd

cj;Njr mjpfhug; gfpu;thdJ ehl;bd;

xUikg;ghl;bw;F mikthdjhFnkd

cau; ePjpkd;wk; cWjp nra;Js;sJ vd;gJk;

,q;F ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

vt;thwhapDk; khfhzq;fSf;F mjpfhuk;

gfpug;gly; njhlu;ghd mjpfhu rkepiy

cWjpahfNt kj;jpa muRf;F rhjfkhdjhf

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;snjdf; Fwpg;gply;

Ntz;Lk;. ,t; mjpfhu cUthf;fk;

fle;j ,UgJ tUlq;fs; KOtJk;

ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk; $Wtjhapd; khfhz rigfspd;

fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;

njhlu;ghd rl;l Vw;ghLfs; kj;jpa murpd;

Ml;rpf;Nfh mjpfhuj;jpw;Nfh jilahf

mikahJ vd;gJld; mt; mjpfhuq;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gly; njhlu;ghd cr;r

tiuaiwAk; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. VjhtnjhU

tpjj;jpy; khfhz rignahd;wpd; fUj;Jf;

fzpg;nghd;W kj;jpa murpd; mgpkhdj;Jf;Fg;

nghUe;jhJ my;yJ mjd; mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk;

Ml;rpf;Fk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jnkdf;

fUjpdhy; kl;LNk cz;ikapy; mJ

mt;thW fhzg;glhkypUf;Fk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l

tplaq;fs; kw;Wk; epiyikfs;

njhlu;ghf 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; fUt+ykhd

cs;slf;fj;ij mfw;WtJ Kjy;

mjid Kw;WKOjhf ,y;yhnjhopg;gJ

tiu nra;fpd;w mjpfhug; gfpu;T vjpu;g;G

epiyikfs; gpujhdkhf nfhs;if

thjkhdjhFk;. ,jpy; Mr;rupag;gLtjw;F

xd;Wkpy;iy. uh[gf;\ Ml;rpapd;

jiyikapdJk; mjd; jiytu;fspdJk;

,t; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghd murpay;

fw;iffs; Njrj;jpd; xUikg;ghL> mur

nkhop xOq;F tpjpfs; kw;Wk; ngsj;j

rkaj;jpw;F 'Kd;Dupik" ghJfhf;fg;gl;l

KjyhtJ FbauR murpayikg;G mq;fPfhuk;

,lk;ngw;w 40 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;gpUe;j

fhyj;jpNyNa cUthfpaJ kl;Lkd;wp

Kbtile;jJ vd;gjid uh[gf;\ murhq;fk;

cWjpahfNt fhl;rpg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,r;

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mtu;fsJ kdq;fspy;

epyTfpd;w cz;ikahd my;yJ

Cfq;fspdbg;gilapyhd ehL gpsTgLjy;

njhlu;ghd gak;> ngUk;ghYk; ehL

gpsTgLtjw;F mz;kpj;j mghaj;ij tplTk;

ehl;bdJk; mjd; tsq;fspdJk; epu;thfk;

njhlu;ghdnjhd;whfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mjpfhuj;ijg; ifg;gw;Wtjid cWjp

nra;tjw;F 'NtnwhUtu;" Njitg;gLfpd;w

Ml;rpf;F me;j 'NtnwhUtu;" Njhw;fbj;jy;

njhlu;ghd CJFoiy ,irg;gjpYk;

cs;slq;fpAs;s jdpg;gl;l xU ed;ik

cz;L. ,q;F mt; 'NtnwhUtu;"

VNjDnkhU FOthfNth my;yJ xU

fUj;jhfNth fhzg;glyhk;. mt;thNw mt;

'NtnwhUtu; VNjDnkhU tbtj;jpNyh

my;yJ khjpupapNyh kPz;Lk; tUif

jUtjhdJ vg;NghJNk cz;ikahdJk;

jw;NghJs;s mghaKk; MFk; vd;gjid

cWjpg;glf; $wpf; nfhs;tJk; ,lk;ngWfpwJ.

mjdbg;gilapy; vg;NghJNk 13tJ

jpUj;jkhdJ jw;Nghija Ml;rpapd; gpujhd

Xu; ,yf;fhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. mtu;fs; kpfj;

jpwikahf tpthjj;jpid gjp%d;wpw;Fk;

Nkyhd (Thirteen Plus) mjpfhug; gfpu;T

vd;w Nfypg; ngaupl;L murpay; jPu;nthd;W

njhlu;ghd jdJ epiyg;ghl;bypUe;J

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij eypdkhf;Fjy;

kw;Wk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; tiu nfhz;L

nrd;Ws;sdu;. ,it midj;Jk;

,lk;ngw;W tUk; Ntisapy; jw;Nghija

epiyikahdJ gjpd;%d;wpw;F Fiwthd

(Thirteen Minus) jhf Ngzg;gl;Lf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;

ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; gfpug;gltpy;iy.

mJ kl;Lkd;wp gfpug;gl;l mjpfhuq;fs; $l

ghupastpyhd fhzpr; RtPfupg;G njhlf;fk;

efu kw;Wk; fpuhkpa jpl;lkply; rl;lk; (Town and Country Planning Act) 'jptpneFk"

tiuahd nraw;ghLfspD}Nl gbg;gbahf

Fiwf;fg;gLtjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

'jptpneFk" rl;l tiutpw;F fhl;lg;gl;l gjpy;

FwpNa ePjpauru; \puhzp gz;lhuehaf;f

mtu;fs; Fw;wg; gpNuuiznahd;wpd; %yk;

ePf;fg;gLtjw;F ce;Jjyhaike;jJ vd;gJ

kpfj; njspthfpwJ.

murpay; jPu;nthd;W njhlu;ghf

Muha;tjw;F jw;NghJ ghuhSkd;wj; njupTf;

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpdhy;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghyp];

kw;Wk; fhzp mjpfhuq;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;

tl khfhz rigahdJ

(cz;ikapNyNa mtu;fsJ gak;

,e;j khfhz rig njhlu;ghf

kl;LNk) Njrpa xUikg;ghL

Mgj;ij vjpu;nfhs;Sk;

vd;gNj mjpfhug; gfpu;Tf;F

vjpuhdtu;fs; Kd; itf;fpd;w

thjj;jpd; fUg;nghUs; MFk;.

Muk;gj;jpy; ,JnthU rpW

tplakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w

NghJk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ghuJ}

ukhd tpisTfSf;F fhuzkhf

mikAk; epiyikiaj;

Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;



—

˜

FOnthd;W fhzg;gLfpwJ. mJ = yq;fh

Rje;jpuf; fl;rp mq;fj;jtu;fis kl;LNk

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ru;tfl;rpg; gpujpepjpfs;

FOTld; (APRC) njhlu;Gs;stu;fnsd

midtUf;Fk; njupe;j jp];] tpjhuz

kw;Wk; uTg; `f;fPk; MfpNahu; $l

mjpy; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy. 13tJ

jpUj;jk; gw;wpAk; FO MuhaTs;sJ.

ghuhSkd;w njupTf;FO jkpo; Njrpaf;

$l;lzpf;F (TNA) Muk;gj;jpNyNa

Nahrid njuptpj;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; mtu;fSf;Fkpilapy;

Neubg; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfs; ve;jnthU jpir

Nehf;fpAk; gadspf;fhJ ,ilapy; Kwpe;jJ.

murhq;fk; jdJ Nahridfis njuptpf;f

tpUk;ghik my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; ,ayhik

vd;gdNt mjw;fhd fhuzkhaike;jJ. mr;

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; xU

tplakhff; fhzg;gltpy;iy. FO mjdpYk;

Nkyhfr; nry;Yk; vd;gjpNyNa ,zf;fk;

fhzg;gl;lJ. mit Ngr;Rthu;j;ijapd;

Muk;gg; Gs;spahf fhzg;gl;lNj xopa

tpthjj;jpw;fhd tplakhf fhzg;gltpy;iy.

Nfhy; fk;gj;ij NtW Xu; ,lj;jpw;F

efu;j;JtJ muR ,J njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhz;l

nraw;ghlhFk;. kw;nwhU tpjj;jpy;

$Wtjhapd; mJ Vkhw;Wf;fhud; xUtDld;

rPl;L tpisahLtJ Nghd;wjhFk;.

mjpfhug; gfpu;thdJ ,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

'vkJ murhq;fj;jpy;" ,ul;il mu;j;jk;

nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ vd;gJld; gjpy; Fwpahf

mJ mjd; ghijapy; epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mJ vt;tifapYk; iftplg;gltpy;iy.

2013 khu;r; khj If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj

cupikfs; Nguit (UNHCR) Nahridapy;

tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jy; njhlu;ghd

Fwpg;G> mj; Nju;jy; eilngWnkd [g;ghd;

muRf;F [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; mspj;j

thf;FWjp> mJ mt;thW eilngwhJ tpbd;

kw;Wk; { my;yJ gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk;

njhlu;e;Jk; jpUj;jg;gbd; 2013Mk; Mz;L

etk;gu; khjj;jpy; nfhOk;gpy; eilngwTs;s

nghJeytha ehLfspd; jiytu;fspd;

$l;lj;ij (CHOGM) NtnwhU ehl;bw;Ff;

nfhz;L nry;tjw;F ,e;jpah mOj;jk;

nfhLg;gjw;fhd tha;g;G Mfpa midj;J

fhuzpfSk; xUq;F Nru;e;J tpNrlkhf

,e;jpahtpd; jhf;fk; mjpfhug; gfpu;T gw;wpa

tpthj;jpidj; jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jpAs;sJ.

mJ kPz;Lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. Gypg;

g+r;rhz;b kw;Wk; Aj;j ntw;wp vd;gd

njhlu;e;J ehl;by; ,lk;ngWk; murpaypy;

murhq;fj;jpd; rhjf epiyikf;fhTs;s

rpwe;j fhuzpahf fhzg;gLfpwJ.

MfNt gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij

,y;yhnjhopj;jy; my;yJ mij xd;WNk

,y;yhj epiyf;F jpUj;Jjy; vd;gd j.tp.G

I Aj;j uPjpahf Njhw;fbj;jYld; njhlu;ghd

Kbtw;w murpay; Ntiyj;jpl;lkhf

fhzg;gLfpwJ. mijr; nra;a ,aYkhd

rpwe;j tpjkhdJk; mJ ,lk; ngWtjw;F

kpfTk; rhj;jpakhfTs;sJkhd re;ju;g;gk;

nghJeytha ehLfspd; jiytu;fspd; $l;lj;

njhlupd; #l;NlhL #l;lhf 2014 Mz;bd;

Kjyhk; fhyhz;by; eilngwr; rhj;jpaKs;s

[dhjpgjpj; Nju;jnyhd;wpd; Nju;jy;

gpur;rhuj;jpy; mt;tplak; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhFk;.

,jd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; thf;fhsu;fSf;F

mjpfhug; gfpu;nthd;W mtrpakw;wnjdTk;

nraw;ghl;bYs;s xU [dehafj;jpy;

thf;fshu;fsJ tpUg;G fl;lhak;

ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk;

,e;jpahtpw;F my;yJ NtW vtUf;Fk;

$Wtjw;F murhq;fj;jpw;Fj; Njithad

[duQ;rfkhd cj;jpNahfg+u;t gzpg;ghiz

(Mandate) fpilf;fg;ngWk;.

,J eilngw;why; njhlu;e;Jk; Nkhjy;

eilngWtNj mjd; tpisthf mikAk;.

MfNt ,J vt;tsT J}u Nehf;fw;Wf;

fhzg;gl;l NghJk;> murhq;fk; ,e;

epiyikapd; fPo; cs;ehl;by; murpay;

uPjpahd ed;ikfis vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;w

tiu> ,e; epiyik njhlUk;. ,it

fhuzkhf murpay; tpku;rfu; gyuhYk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wthW njupT nra;ag;gLk;

jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;G (TNA) Ml;rp

elhj;Jk; khfhz rignahd;wpd;

nraw;ghLfSk; ,e; epiyikfspd; fPNoNa

,lk;ngWk;. mikjpahd murpay; jlhfj;jpy;

gazk; nra;a mtu;fs; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLtu;.

NkYk; ,lk;ngwg; NghtJ ahnjdpy;

mjd; thf;fhsu;fspd; ehshe;j tho;tpay;

Njitfs;> mePjpahd kw;Wk; mtw;iw

njhlu;gw;w tpjkhd mtyq;fshf

ntspf;fhl;Ltjw;fhd rpq;fs cupikapd;

gpbthjkhd Kaw;rpfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F

Kfq;nfhLf;f NeupLk; xU gpuahzj;ijNa

vjpu;Nehf;f NeupLk;.

Nkhjypd; gpd;duhd epiyikia

Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jy; vd;gJ vg;NghJk;

NghyNt trg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s

Kbahjnjhd;whf fhzg;gLfpwJ. NghUf;Fg;

gpd;duhd epiyikapypUe;J kPz;LnkhU

Kiw Nkhjy; epiyikapid Nehf;fpg;

gazpg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fNs jw;NghJ

epyTfpd;w mghakhFk;.

khfhzq;fSf;fhd

cj;Njr mjpfhug; gfpu;thdJ

murpd; xUikg;ghl;bw;F

mikthdjhFnkd cau;

ePjpkd;wk; cWjp nra;Js;sJ

vd;gJk; ,q;F ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ

vt;thwhapDk; khfhzq;fSf;F

mjpfhuk; gfpug;gly; njhlu;ghd

mjpfhu rkepiy cWjpahfNt

kj;jpa muRf;F rhjfkhdjhf

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;snjdf;

Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.

,t; mjpfhu cUthf;fk;

fle;j ,UgJ tUlq;fs;

KOtJk; ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.



13tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jjpw;F mika nraw;gLk; re;ju;g;gk; khfhz rigfSf;F

fpilf;fhikapd; fhuzkhf khfhz rig Kiwik ntw;wpaspf;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;gJ

gw;wp Rkhu; fle;j 24 tUlfhy mDgtj;jpd; %yk; $w KbahJs;sJ. khfhz rigfs;

jkJ mjpfhuj;ij cupa Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid kj;jpa murhq;fk;

toq;ftpy;iy.

tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fSf;Nf khfhz rigfs; Kiwik mtrpakhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MapDk; mq;F mJ nraw;gltpy;iy. Kjy; ,uz;L Mz;Lfspy;

khj;jpuk; khfhz rigfs; ,aq;fpd. jw;NghJ mJ kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; Xu; fUtpahfNt

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

khfhz rigfs; xU nts;is ahid vdg;gLk; fUj;J ,jd; %yk; cWjp

nra;ag;gLfpwJ. khfhz rigfs; Kiwik ntw;wpfukhf nraw;gLtjw;F gy epge;jidfs;

gy cz;L. mjpy; KjyhtJ tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfSf;F murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;

fPo; fpilf;f Ntz;ba mjpfhuq;fSk; tsq;fSk; cupathW fpilf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjhFk;.

mt;thNw mJ Rje;jpukhfr; nraw;gLtjw;F 5 tUl fhy mtfhrkhtJ fpilf;fg; ngwy;

Ntz;Lk;.

tlf;F fpof;F jtpu;e;j Vida midj;J khfhz rigfSk; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;jpYs;s

murhq;fq;fspd; fPo;> kj;jpa murpd; xU gFjpahfNt nraw;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ

,uz;lhtJ tplakhFk;. MfNt> ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfhz rigfspy; Rakhf MfNt> ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfhz rigfspy; Rakhf

tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; kw;WnkhU tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; kw;WnkhU

fukhff; fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd; Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl; gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;. fukhff; fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd; Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl; gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;.

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU murhq;fNk khfhz rig vd;gijNa kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU murhq;fNk khfhz rig vd;gijNa

,jd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.,jd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. ,jw;fika khfhz rigfs; Kiwik ghupa

neUf;fbapid vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; eltbf;iffs; khfhz rigfspdhy;

gytPdg;gLj;jg;gLtjhfTk; xU fUj;J epyTfpwJ.

tlf;F fpof;F

khfhzq;fSf;Nf

khfhz rigfs;

Kiwik mtrpakhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MapDk;

mq;F mJ nraw;gltpy;iy.

Kjy; ,uz;L Mz;Lfspy;

khj;jpuk; khfhz rigfs;

,aq;fpd. jw;NghJ mJ

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;

Xu; fUtpahfNt

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

—

˜

,uz;lhe;ju FbAupikapid Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;

murpay; ajhu;j;jk;

Nguhrpupau;[aNjt caq;nfhl

tlf;fpd; MSdu; ,uhZtj;Jld; ,ize;J kf;fsJ fhzpfis fz;fhzpg;gpy; <Lgl;l NghJ - cjad; gj;jpupifapypUe;J Photo source : vannipost.com



khfhz rigfspy; fhzg;gl;l khfhz rigfspy; fhzg;gl;l

FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;J Ml;rp FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;J Ml;rp

elj;Jk; gyk; tha;e;j epWtdq;fshf elj;Jk; gyk; tha;e;j epWtdq;fshf

mit cUthtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mit cUthtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

nraw;ghLfSk; gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy. nraw;ghLfSk; gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy.

rhj;jpag;ghl;L tsu;r;rpf;F mtrpakhd rhj;jpag;ghl;L tsu;r;rpf;F mtrpakhd

eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

rl;lthf;f epajpr; rl;lq;fs; jahu; nra;ag;gl rl;lthf;f epajpr; rl;lq;fs; jahu; nra;ag;gl

nghUshjhu tsq;fSk; fpilahJ. MfNt nghUshjhu tsq;fSk; fpilahJ. MfNt

mf; fUj;jpw;F epahakhd xU gpd;dzpAk; mf; fUj;jpw;F epahakhd xU gpd;dzpAk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.fhzg;gLfpwJ.

murpay; mjpfhuj;ij KiwNflhf

ghtpj;jYk;> CoYk; %d;whtJ

fhuzpahFk;. khfhz rig

KiwikapYs;s neUf;fb epiyikapid

xU tha;g;ghfg; gad;gLj;jp khfhz

rig Kiwikf;F vjpuhd jug;gpdu; mk;

Kiwik xopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkdf; $w

Kd;te;Js;sdu;.

tlNky; kw;Wk; Nky; khfhz rigfs;

$Ljyhd epajpr;rl;lq;fisjahupj;Js;s

NghJk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;

mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;

rpf;fy; epiyik Njhd;wpAs;sJ.

mit rl;lkh mjpgu; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw Ntz;bAs;sJ.

epajpr; rl;lq;fSf;Fk; kj;jpa

murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuq;fSf;FkpilNa

Kuz;ghLfspUg;gpd; mg; gpur;rpidiaj;

jPu;g;gjw;F cau;ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr; nry;y

Ntz;bAs;sJ. MapDk;> ,ay;ghfNt

cau; ePjpkd;wk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fr;

rhu;ghfNt ele;Jnfhs;Sk;. Vw;glf;$ba

Kuz;ghLfis khfhz rigj;

jug;gpdiug; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpj;J jPu;tpid

toq;Fk; xU nghwpKiw ,e;ehl;by;

nraw;gltpy;iy.

khfhz rig epWtd Kiwik

gyk; nghUj;jpajhff; fhzg;glhj xU

#o;epiyapy; mjw;F kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;G

fpilf;fg; ngwhikapd; fhuzkhf mJ

gytPdkilfpwJ. khfhz rig Kiwik

gw;wp Gjpjhf rpe;jpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gNj

,t; midj;J tplq;fspypUe;Jk;

njspthfpwJ.

,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fupa xU

jPu;thfNt kuG uPjpahf khfhz rigfs;

njhlu;ghd fUj;J epyTfpd;wJ. ,jid

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nehf;Fkplj;J

khfhz rigfs; tlf;F fpof;fpw;F kl;LNk

Njitg;gLfpd;wd.

mjd;NghJ Nfl;fg;glhj xd;W

fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ vd;w thjk; Vida

khfhz rigfspypUe;J vOfpd;wJ.

MfNt> ,dg; gpur;rpidf;Fupa jPu;T

khfhz rigfs; KiwikNa vd;w

thjk; nraypof;fpwJ. mgptpUj;jp> Ml;rp

Kiwik vd;gtw;iw kf;fis Nehf;fp

neUf;fkilar; nra;tjw;F khfhz

rigfs; fhuzkhaikfpwJ vd;w

thjj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd; %yNk mt;thwhd

thjk; tYtilAk;.

tlNky;> Cth> tl kj;jpa> njd;>

kj;jpa> rgufKt kw;Wk; Nky; khfhzk;

Mfpa rpq;fstu;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf

thOk; khfhzq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp

njhlu;ghd njhiy Nehf;nfhd;W

fhzg;gly; kw;Wk; Ml;rp elhj;Jjy;

kf;fSf;F neUf;fkhjy; vd;gdNt

mt;thjj;jpw;fhd Xu; mbg;gilf;F top

tFf;fpwJ.

khfhz rigfSf;F rhu;ghf

,Ue;jtu;fs; mJ gw;wp ftdk;

nrYj;Jtjhf ,y;iy. MfNt rpq;fs

r%fj;jpy; khfhz rig Kiwik

njhlu;ghfTs;s kf;fs; xj;Jiog;G kpff;

FiwthFk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhug; gfpu;T jkpo;

- K];ypk; - Njhl;lj; jkpo; kf;fSf;F

kl;Lkd;wp rpq;fs gpui[fSf;Fk;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ vd;w thjk;

rku;g;gpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

cs;@uhl;rpf; fl;likg;Gf; $l

khfhz rigfs; vd;w tplaj;jpw;F

cl;gl;ljhFk;. cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fis

tYtilar; nra;tjw;fhf mtw;iw

khfhz rigspypUe;J tpLtpj;J kj;jpa

murhq;fj;Jld; njhlu;GgLj;Jtjw;Fg;

gjpyhf cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fSf;Fk;

khfhz rigfSf;FkpilNa cs;s

njhlu;gpid tYtilar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspd;

FOf;fSf;F cWg;gpdu;fis epakpf;Fk;

NghJ rptpy; r%fg; gpuptpdUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;W rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l

fUj;Jld; ehd; ,zq;ftpy;iy. fpuhkpa

kl;lj;jpy; rptpy; r%fk; vd;gJ fpuhkpa

gpuG tu;f;fj;jpdu; vd;gNj ,jw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;. rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuq;fs;

fpuhkpag; gpuGf;fs; tu;f;fj;jpduplNk

fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mrpupau;fs;> gl;ljhupfs;

kw;Wk; mur njhopy; Gupgtu;fs; MfpNahNu

MfNt> ve;jnthU MfNt> ve;jnthU

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfh re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khfh

rigfspdhy; Rakhf rigfspdhy; Rakhf

tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd tpUj;jpailtjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy.

jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; jhk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd;

kw;WnkhU fukhff; kw;WnkhU fukhff;

fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd; fUjpNa khfhz rigfspd;

Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl; Ml;rpapYs;s kf;fl;

gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;. gpujpepjpfs; nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;.

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy;

epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;w xU

murhq;fNk khfhz rig murhq;fNk khfhz rig

vd;gijNa ,jd; %yk; vd;gijNa ,jd; %yk;

ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.



fpuhkpa gpuGf;fs; Mtu;. MapDk;> fpuhkpa

r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLk; gy;NtW r%ff;

FOf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit kfspu;

mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; kuz ed;nfhil

rfhar; rq;fq;fNs mit. mt;thwhd

,af;fq;fspd; cWg;gpdu;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj nrad;Kiwr;

rhj;jpakhdjhFk;. gpujpepjpj;Jtk;

mw;wtu;fisg; gpujpepjpfshf epakpf;ff;

$lhJ. fpuhkpa kl;lg; gpuGf;fSf;F

gpujpepjpj;Jt mjpfhuj;ij toq;ff; $lhJ.

khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp kw;Wk; khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp kw;Wk;

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJk;

tpthjj;jpw;Fupa xU jiyg;ghFk;. 13tJ tpthjj;jpw;Fupa xU jiyg;ghFk;. 13tJ

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpYs;s midj;J murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpYs;s midj;J

mjpfhuq;fSk; ve;jnthU khfhz mjpfhuq;fSk; ve;jnthU khfhz

rigf;Fk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. mjpfhuk;. rigf;Fk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. mjpfhuk;.

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l khfhz rigfshfNt tiuaWf;fg;gl;l khfhz rigfshfNt

mtw;iw miof;f KbAk;.mtw;iw miof;f KbAk;.

khfhz rigfSf;F mjpfhuq;fis

toq;FtJ njhlu;ghd ,uz;L

Eiothapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

khfhz rigfSf;F cau;e;j gl;r

mjpfhuq;fisg; gutyhf;f Ntz;Lnkdf;

$WtJ xU EiothapyhFk;. khfhz

rigfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r mjpfhuk;

toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gNj kw;iwa

EiothapyhFk;.

khfhz rigfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r

mjpfhuj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;w

fUj;jpdbg;gilapNyNa midj;J

murhq;fq;fSk; nraw;gl;Ls;sd.

rpq;fs murpay; gpuGf;fspd; fUj;J

,JthFk;. jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk;

murpay; rj;jpfSk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw

jkpo; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfSk; rptpy;

r%fj;jpy; rpy cWg;gpdu;fSNk khfhz

rigfSf;F cau;e;jgl;r mjpfhuk;

toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w fUj;jpidf;

nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,tu;fs; ,yq;ifapd;

rdj;njhifapy; xU rpW njhifapdu;

Mtu;. ,d uPjpahd ngUk;ghd;ik

r%fj;jpd; gpuG tu;f;fj;jpdu; khfhz

rigfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r mjpfhuk;

toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w fUj;jpy;

nraw;gLthu;fshapd; mf; fUj;Nj

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t; tplaq;fs;

khfhz rig Kiwikapd; vjpNu

tYtilAk; vdf; $w KbahJ. tYg;

ngWtjw;F Njitahd Xu; Maj;jk; rpq;fs

r%fj;jpd; murpay; gpuG tu;f;fj;jpypUe;J

vohJ.

khfhz rig Kiwik

njhlu;ghf ,e;jpahtpd; tfpgq;F gw;wpf;

fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ> jkpo;ehl;L

murpay; fl;rpfs; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fspd;

gpur;rpidfis mtu;fsJ murpay; epfo;r;rp

epuYf;fhf nraw;gLj;JtNj xopa mjw;F

Nkyjpfkhd xd;iwAk; nra;akhl;lhu;fs;.

vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. ,e;jpa kj;jpa muRk;

fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; gpufldq;fis

ntspapLtijj; jtpu NtnwJTk;

nra;atpy;iy.

mjpfhug; gfpu;T rpWghd;ikapdupd;

cupikfisAk; murpay;

mgpyhirfisAk; ghJfhg;gjid

,yf;fhff; nfhz;Nl Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;Lk; vd;w thjk; gw;wp Muha;e;J

ghu;g;Nghk;. khfhz rigfs; njhlu;ghf

me;j thjk; kl;Lk; Kd;itf;fg;gLkhapd;

rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd; rk;kjj;ij

xU NghJk; ngw KbahJ. ,t; thjj;Jf;Fr;

rkhe;jukhf khfhz rigfspypUe;J

rpq;fs kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;w ed;ikfs;

ahit vd;gJ gw;wpa xU Gupe;Jzu;tpid

Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;ifapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpid

tYtilar; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthW mur

kWrPuikg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJ gw;wp

tpupthf fye;Jiuahlg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpujhd

gpur;rpid: rpq;fs ngsj;j kf;fs;

thOk; ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fspy;

$l mgptpUj;jpapy; Vw;wj; jho;Tfs;

fhzg;gLtjhFk;.

nfhOk;G efuk; jtpu;e;j Vida

efuq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpapYk; mt;thwhd

Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; cUthfpAs;sd.

mgptpUj;jpapd; gad;fs; Gw vy;iyfis

milar;nra;tjw;fhf khfhz rigfis

tYtilar; nra;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.

mt;te;j khfhz rigfsplk; xU

njhiyNehf;Fk; fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

tsq;fs; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. MapDk;

mk; khfhz rigfspd; murpay; gpuGf;fs;

$l mt;thW rpe;jpj;J nraw;gltpy;iy.

gpuNjr murpaypypUe;J Njrpa murpaypy;

EiotNj mtu;fsJ Nehf;fkhFk;.

MapDk; mtu;fsJ gpujhd Nehf;fk;

mJthf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. gpuNjr gpuNjr

kl;lj;jpyhd mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfis kl;lj;jpyhd mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghLfis

jdJ ifapnyLf;Fk; czu;T kpf;f jdJ ifapnyLf;Fk; czu;T kpf;f

gpuNjr uPjpahd Kjyhsp tu;f;fj;jpdu; gpuNjr uPjpahd Kjyhsp tu;f;fj;jpdu;

,y;yhikahdJ ,yq;ifapYs;s xU ,y;yhikahdJ ,yq;ifapYs;s xU

gpujhd FiwghlhFk;. gpujhd FiwghlhFk;.

mjd;NghJ Nfl;fg;glhj

xd;W fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ

vd;w thjk; Vida khfhz

rigfspypUe;J vOfpd;wJ.

MfNt> ,dg; gpur;rpidf;Fupa

jPu;T khfhz rigfs;

KiwikNa vd;w thjk;

nraypof;fpwJ. mgptpUj;jp>

Ml;rp Kiwik vd;gtw;iw

kf;fis Nehf;fp neUf;fkilar;

nra;tjw;F khfhz rigfs;

fhuzkhaikfpwJ vd;w

thjj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd;

%yNk mt;thwhd thjk;

tYtilAk;.



gpuNjr thupahf murhq;fj;jpd;

VNjDnkhU mjpfhuq;fis jhk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W

rpe;jpf;fhj rpW Kjyhsp tu;f;fNk ,q;F

cs;sdu;. ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J

khepyq;fspYk; tpahghu tu;f;fj;jpdu;

cs;sjd; fhuzj;jpdhNyNa rk\;b

Kiwik ntw;wpaile;jjw;fhd gpujhd

fhuzkhFk;. rf;jptha;e;j xU nry;te;j

tFg;gpdu; ,Ue;jjdhNyNa ,e;jpahtpd;

Me;jpuh khepyj;jpd; njYq; fhdhtpy;

jdpahd khepyk; Nfhup Mu;g;ghl;lk;

,lk;ngw;wJ.

tlf;F jtpu;e;j ,yq;ifapd;

ve;jnthU khfhz rigAk; mjpfhuj;ijf;

Nfhutpy;iy. fPo; kl;lj;jpy; xU

Mu;g;ghl;lj;ijf; $l fhz Kbatpy;iy.

gpuNjr kl;;lj;jpyhd Kjyhspj;Jt

tu;f;fj;jpdu; ,y;yhikNa ,jw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;.

gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; njhopw;gLk; gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; njhopw;gLk;

murpay; fl;rpfs; ,y;yhik kw;WnkhU murpay; fl;rpfs; ,y;yhik kw;WnkhU

FiwghlhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; rk\;b FiwghlhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; rk\;b

Kiwik ntw;wpailtjpy; khepy Kiwik ntw;wpailtjpy; khepy

kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLk; murpay; fl;rpfSk; kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLk; murpay; fl;rpfSk;

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;

tplaq;fs; fhuzkhfNt ,yq;ifapd; tplaq;fs; fhuzkhfNt ,yq;ifapd;

mur mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;w nrad;Kiw ehk; mur mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;w nrad;Kiw ehk;

vjpu;ghu;g;gij tplTk; kpfTk; ke;j fjpapy; vjpu;ghu;g;gij tplTk; kpfTk; ke;j fjpapy;

nraw;gLfpwJ. nraw;gLfpwJ.

khfhz rigapd; epjp

Mizf; FOtpd; njhopw;ghLk;

tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mJ tYtw;wJ. epjp mikr;Rf;Fk; epjp

Mizf;FOtpw;FkpilNa cld;ghl;L

nghwpKiw xd;W nraw;gltpy;iy. kj;jpa

murpd; epWtdq;fSf;fk; gpuNjr uPjpahd

epWtdq;fSf;FkpilNa Nguk; NgRk;

kw;Wk; ,ilepiy mikjp vd;gd murpay;

fyhrhuj;jpd; Xu; mq;fkhf khw;wkila

Ntz;Lk;. N[u;kdp> mnkupf;fh

kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfspy; mJ

eilngWfpwJ.

kj;jpa murpd; cj;jpNahfg+u;t Ml;rp

ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l kNdhght tl;lj;jpDs;

nraw;gLk; xU epiyikNa ,yq;ifapy;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjpfhuq;fisr; mjpfhuq;fisr;

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F jilfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sjhf nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F jilfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sjhf

fpof;F khfhz rig mikr;ru;fs; Fw;wk; fpof;F khfhz rig mikr;ru;fs; Fw;wk;

Rkj;Jfpd;wdu;. MSdUf;Nf mq;F Rkj;Jfpd;wdu;. MSdUf;Nf mq;F

$Ljyhf mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.$Ljyhf mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

tlf;F khfhz rigia jkpo;j; Njrpaf;

$l;likg;G ntw;wpnfhs;Skplj;J

murpayikg;gpw;F Vw;g jkf;Fs;s midj;J

mjpfhuq;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Nf

mtu;fs; Kaw;rpg;ghu;fs;> mjd;

NghJ Kuz;ghl;L epiyiknahd;W Kuz;ghl;L epiyiknahd;W

Njhd;Wkplj;J tlf;F khfhz rig Njhd;Wkplj;J tlf;F khfhz rig

fiyf;fg;glNth my;yJ [dhjpgjpapd; fiyf;fg;glNth my;yJ [dhjpgjpapd;

mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;glNth mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;glNth

KbAk;. mjw;fhd rl;l uPjpahd KbAk;. mjw;fhd rl;l uPjpahd

ghJfhg;Gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjd; NghJ ghJfhg;Gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mjd; NghJ

neUf;fb epiyik cUthFk;. jkpo; neUf;fb epiyik cUthFk;. jkpo;

$l;likg;G murhq;fj;Jld; rkhjhdkhf $l;likg;G murhq;fj;Jld; rkhjhdkhf

nraw;gLnkd vz;ZtJ fbdkhFk;. nraw;gLnkd vz;ZtJ fbdkhFk;.

,e;j epiyikapidNa murhq;fKk; ,e;j epiyikapidNa murhq;fKk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fpwJ. vjpu;ghu;f;fpwJ.

tl khfhzj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;

jdJ gzpahFk; vd;gij czu;j;JtJ

murhq;fj;jpd; tpUg;gkhFk;. mjidj;

jdJ gzpahf khw;wpf; nfhs;sNt

jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;G tpUk;GfpwJ.

murhq;fKk; jkpou; $l;likg;G ,t;

tpthjj;jpNyNa rpf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

,t;tpU jug;gpdu;fSf;FkpilNa

rkhjhdk; Vw;gLtNj ,lk;ngwy;

Ntz;Lk;.

Gyk;ngau; jkpou;fspd; nraw;ghLfs;

vt;thW ,Ue;j NghJk; ru;tNjr r%fk;

,yq;ifapd; jkpou; gpur;rpidia

jkJ gpur;rpidahf khw;wpf; nfhs;shJ.

,uz;lhe;jug; gpui[fshf rpq;fsg; gpuG

tu;f;fj;jpdu; jk;ik elj;Jfpd;wdu;

vd;w ajhu;j;jj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L

kdijj; Njw;wpf; nfhz;L tho;tNj

,yq;ifapy; jkpo; kf;fs; ePz;lfhykhf

vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidahFk;.

MAjg; Nghuhl;lnkhd;wpdhy;

jkJ Nfhupf;iffis ntw;wpnfhs;s

Kbahnjd;gJ j.tp.G ,af;fj;jpd;

mDgtq;fspd; %yk; Gydhfpd;wd.

fle;j 60 Mz;Lfhy ghuhSkd;wg;

Nghuhl;lq;fspdhYk; jkJ

vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fis mile;Jnfhs;s

Kbatpy;iy vd;gJ GydhfpwJ.

MAjg; Nghuhl;l khu;f;fk; kw;Wk; MAjg; Nghuhl;l khu;f;fk; kw;Wk;

[dehafg; ghij Mfpa ,uz;L [dehafg; ghij Mfpa ,uz;L

ghijfSk; Njhy;tpaile;Js;sd. ghijfSk; Njhy;tpaile;Js;sd.

,t; midj;J tplaq;fSf;Fk; Vw;g ,t; midj;J tplaq;fSf;Fk; Vw;g

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ

,uz;lhe;juf; FbAupikia Vw;W ,uz;lhe;juf; FbAupikia Vw;W

tho;tjw;Nf NeupLk;. jw;Nghija tho;tjw;Nf NeupLk;. jw;Nghija

epiyikfs; khw;wkilahJtpbd; epiyikfs; khw;wkilahJtpbd;

mtu;fSf;F NtW topapy;iy.mtu;fSf;F NtW topapy;iy.

mjpfhug; gfpu;T

rpWghd;ikapdupd;

cupikfisAk; murpay;

mgpyhirfisAk;

ghJfhg;gjid ,yf;fhff;

nfhz;Nl Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;Lk; vd;w thjk; gw;wpg;

Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. khfhz

rigfs; njhlu;ghf me;j thjk;

kl;Lk; Kd;itf;fg;gLkhapd;

rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd;

rk;kjj;ij xU NghJk; ngw

KbahJ. ,t; thjj;Jf;Fr;

rkhe;jukhf khfhz

rigfspypUe;J rpq;fs

kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;w

ed;ikfs; ahit vd;gJ

gw;wpa xU Gupe;Jzu;tpid

Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.



mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;F murpay; MAjkhf ,dthjk;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l xU ehl;by; njhlu;e;Jk mjpfhuj;ij jf;f itj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf mNj MAjk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 1983 ,y;

ntbj;j Aj;jj;ij jLj;J epWj;JtJ md;W gpujhd gpur;rpidahf

,Ue;jJ. 2009 ,y; Aj;jk; Xa;e;jJ. kPz;Lk; Aj;jk; Vw;glhJ

jLg;gNj mjd; gpd;G gpur;rpidahf ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf

eilngWtJ ahJ? Aj;jj;ij cUthf;fpa murpaiy njhlu;e;Jk; jf;f

itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf 'Aj;j gPjpia" Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;. nkhj;j jkpo;

kf;fis 'Gypfs;" vd rpj;jupg;gjhFk;. tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;> 'rpq;fj;jpw;Fk;

Gypf;Fkpilapyhd xU Nghl;bahfNt gpw;Nghf;Fthj Clfq;fs;

gpur;rhuj;ij Kd;ndLj;Js;sd.

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;

tlkhfhz rigf;F 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tlkhfhz rigf;F 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Fjy; gw;wp rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ik nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Fjy; gw;wp rpq;fs ngUk;ghd;ik

kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Xu; mr;rj;ij %l;bAs;sdu;. 'nghyp];vd;wJk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Xu; mr;rj;ij %l;bAs;sdu;. 'nghyp];vd;wJk;

kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gak; ,q;F cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vkJ kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gak; ,q;F cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vkJ

nghyp]; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;jTk; ,ilQ;riy nghyp]; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;jTk; ,ilQ;riy

cz;Lgd;dTk; gad;gLj;JtJ xU ePz;lfhy mDgtkhFk;. MfNt cz;Lgd;dTk; gad;gLj;JtJ xU ePz;lfhy mDgtkhFk;. MfNt

mt; mjpfhuk; 'nghypRf;F" fpilf;fg; ngw;why; ,yFthf fpsu;r;rp mt; mjpfhuk; 'nghypRf;F" fpilf;fg; ngw;why; ,yFthf fpsu;r;rp

nra;aTk; KbAnkd;w re;Njfk; mf; fUj;jpypUe;J Gyg;gLfpwJ. nra;aTk; KbAnkd;w re;Njfk; mf; fUj;jpypUe;J Gyg;gLfpwJ.

mJ mt;thnwdpy; ahJ nra;a Ntz;Lk;? ,dthj czu;tpy;

rl;lj;ij kOq;fbf;fr; nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf KO ehl;bYk; me;

epiyikapypUe;J nghypi] tpLtpg;gjhFk;. ,uhZtj;jpdiug;

Nghd;W MAjg; gapw;rp kw;Wk; MAjg; ghtidia toq;Ftjw;Fg;

gjpyhf mjid xU rptpy; gilahf khw;WtjhFk;. jw;NghJ nghyp]; jw;NghJ nghyp];

nra;tjw;F ,zq;fpa NghJk; nra;ahJ tpl;likahy; ehl;ilg; gpsTgLj;jYk;nra;tjw;F ,zq;fpa NghJk; nra;ahJ tpl;likahy; ehl;ilg; gpsTgLj;jYk;

13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jKk;

Photo Source : ww

w.new

s360.lk

1983 ,y; ntbj;j Aj;jj;ij jLj;J

epWj;JtJ md;W gpujhd gpur;rpidahf

,Ue;jJ. kPz;Lk; Aj;jk; Vw;glhJ

jLg;gNj mjd; gpd;G gpur;rpidahf

,Uf;fpwJ. 2009 ,y; Aj;jk; Xa;e;jJ.

mjw;Fg; gjpyhf eilngWtJ ahJ?

Aj;jj;ij cUthf;fpa murpaiy

njhlu;e;Jk; jf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf

'Aj;j gPjpia" Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;.

nkhj;j jkpo; kf;fis 'Gypfs;" vd

rpj;jupg;gjhFk;. tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;>

'rpq;fj;jpw;Fk; Gypf;Fkpilapyhd xU

Nghl;bahfNt gpw;Nghf;Fthj Clfq;fs;

gpur;rhuj;ij Kd;ndLj;Js;sd.

rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th

nghyp]; kh mjpgu; [dhjpgjpiar; re;jpj;j NghJ



vjidr; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ? vjidr; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ?

murpay;thjpfisg; ghJfhg;gJk; murpay;thjpfisg; ghJfhg;gJk;

mtu;fsJ fl;lisapd; gpufhuk; mtu;fsJ fl;lisapd; gpufhuk;

kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;JtJk; MFk;. kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;JtJk; MFk;.

,e;epiyikapy; nghyp]hu; ,e;epiyikapy; nghyp]hu;

nraw;gLtjdhy; Fw;wr; nray;fisj; nraw;gLtjdhy; Fw;wr; nray;fisj;

jLg;gJ ,d;W gytPdg;gltpy;iyah? jLg;gJ ,d;W gytPdg;gltpy;iyah?

kf;fs; Nritf;F khj;jpuk; nghyp]hiu kf;fs; Nritf;F khj;jpuk; nghyp]hiu

xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

murpayikg;gpw;fhd 17tJ murpayikg;gpw;fhd 17tJ

jpUj;jj;jpd; fPo; nghyp]; Mizf; jpUj;jj;jpd; fPo; nghyp]; Mizf;

FOnthd;wpd; %yk; nghyp]; gilf;F FOnthd;wpd; %yk; nghyp]; gilf;F

Vw;Gila tpjpfs;> fl;lisfs; Vw;Gila tpjpfs;> fl;lisfs;

kw;Wk; nray;Kiw xOq;F tpjpfs; kw;Wk; nray;Kiw xOq;F tpjpfs;

vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 17tJ vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 17tJ

jpUj;jk; mfw;wg;gl;L jw;NghJ 18 MtJ jpUj;jk; mfw;wg;gl;L jw;NghJ 18 MtJ

jpUj;jk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; jpUj;jk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy;

nghyp]; ghJfhg;G mikr;rplk; nghyp]; ghJfhg;G mikr;rplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;

xd;gjhtJ cg ml;ltizapy; nghyp]; xd;gjhtJ cg ml;ltizapy; nghyp];

njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s> khfhz njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s> khfhz

nghypRf;F cupj;jhfhj tplaq;fs; nghypRf;F cupj;jhfhj tplaq;fs;

gpd;tUkhW Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;tUkhW Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

'Njrpa ghJfhg;G> Njrpa ge;Njhg];J 'Njrpa ghJfhg;G> Njrpa ge;Njhg];J

VNjDnkhU MAjg;gil my;yJ rptpy; VNjDnkhU MAjg;gil my;yJ rptpy;

mjpfhuj;jpw;F cjTtjw;F ,yq;if mjpfhuj;jpw;F cjTtjw;F ,yq;if

mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s NtNwJk; mur fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s NtNwJk;

xU gilapidg; gad;gLj;JtJk;" xU gilapidg; gad;gLj;JtJk;"

(Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ) Nkw; (Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ) Nkw;

Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; Kiwahf Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; Kiwahf

mKy;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; tlf;fpy; nghyp]; mKy;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; tlf;fpy; nghyp];

gw;wp Vd; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;gh gw;wp Vd; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J njhlu;gh

vOg;Gfpd;w xNunahU jPtputhj ju;f;fk; vOg;Gfpd;w xNunahU jPtputhj ju;f;fk;

ahnjdpy;> 'tlf;fpYs;s midtUk; ahnjdpy;> 'tlf;fpYs;s midtUk;

GypfNs mg;NghJ nghyp]; cUthtJk; GypfNs mg;NghJ nghyp]; cUthtJk;

GypfspypUe;jhFk;. vt; tifapYk; GypfspypUe;jhFk;. vt; tifapYk;

Gypia ek;g KbahJ" vd;gjhFk;.Gypia ek;g KbahJ" vd;gjhFk;.

khfhzg; nghypRf;F MAjg;

gad;ghl;Lf;fhd mjpfhuk;

fpilf;fg;ngwy; kf;fspilNa

gaj;jpid Vw;gLj;jg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;

kw;iwa tplakhFk;. 'nghyp] pd;

MAjg; gaq;futhjk;"

xd;gJ khfhzq;fSf;Fk;

nghJthditahFk;. MapDk; mJ

tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; rl;lj;jpidAk; kPwp

mKyhf;fg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; khfhz

rignahd;wpd; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;

njhlu;ghd midj;Jg; gpukhzq;fSk;

Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;

FOtpdhNyNa tFf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

xd;gjhk; cg ml;ltizapd;

1 MtJ gpd;dpizg;gpy; khfhzg;

nghyp] pd; MAjq;fs; njhlu;ghf

,t;thW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

'Njrpa gpuptpw;fhd RLfyd;fs;>

ntbg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fspd; jd;ik> msT vd;gd

Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf; FOtpdhy;

jPu;khdpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. khfhzg;

gpupTf;fhd mg;nghUl;fs; khfhz

nghyp]; Mizf; FOtplk; tpdtg;gl;L

Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf; FOtpdhy;

jPu;khdpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs;

Kiwahf ,lk;ngWkhapd; 'MAj

gyk;" kq;fpg; Nghd xU gakhFk;.

1 Mk; gpd;dpizg;gpy; ,t;thW

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ

'VNjDnkhU khtl;lj;jpy; Njrpag;

gpupT myFfspy; gzpGupAk; nghyp];

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; khfhzg; gpujpg;

nghyp]; kh mjpgupd; epUthfj;jpd;

fPo; nraw;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gpDk;

mtru epiyikapd; fPo; [dhjpgjp

mjpfhuq;fisj; jdjhf;fpf;

nfhs;syhk;. Njrpag; gpupT myFfspd;

cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

Vw;fdNt fiyf;fg;glhtpbd; 30

ehl;fSf;Fs; nray;tYg; ngwy; ,il

epWj;jg;gLk;"

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf murpayikg;Gr;

rl;lj;jpd; 154 I cWg;Giuapd; %yk;

,t;thW Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

'epUthfk; nraypoj;jy;" vDk; epiyapy; :

(1) mt;thW VNjDnkhU khtl;lj;jpy;

epUthfk; nraypoe;Js;sjhf MSeupd;

%yNkh my;yJ NtW tifapy;

[dhjpgjpf;Fj; njupatupd;

(1) m) mjd; midj;J

mjpfhuq;fisAk; my;yJ xU

gFjpia jdjhf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.

M) ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L

tuyhk;.

,) mjw;fhf Vida

fl;lisfis ,l KbAk;.

khfhzg; nghypRf;F MAjg;

gad;ghl;Lf;fhd mjpfhuk;

fpilf;fg;ngwy; kf;fspilNa

gaj;jpid Vw;gLj;jg;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; kw;iwa

tplakhFk;. 'nghyp] pd;

MAjg; gaq;futhjk;"

xd;gJ khfhzq;fSf;Fk;

nghJthditahFk;.

MapDk; mJ tlf;fpYk;

fpof;fpYk; rl;lj;jpidAk; kPwp

mKyhf;fg;gLfpwJ. MapDk;

khfhz rignahd;wpd;

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;

njhlu;ghd midj;Jg;

gpukhzq;fSk; Njrpa nghyp];

Mizf; FOtpdhNyNa

tFf;fg;gLfpd;wd.



MapDk; ePjpkd;wnkhd;wplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s Xu;

mjpfhuj;ij mt;thW nra;a

KbahJ.

(2) gpd;du; mt; Mizfis

mfw;Wjy; my;yJ khw;Wjy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; KbAk;

(3) mt; midj;J gpufldq;fSk;

14 ehl;fSf;Fs;

ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;

mq;fPfupf;fg;glhtpbd;

jd;dpr;irahfNt nraypof;Fk;

(4) ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lhYk; mJ ,uz;L

khjq;fspy; KbTf;F tUk;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW

eltbf;iffs; Kiwahf

,lk;ngwhtpbd; mr;rk; cUthfyhk;.

fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; fhzp mjpfhuq;fs;

khfhz rignahd;wpd; fhzp

tplakhdJ khfhz rigg; gl;baypd;

(18) 11Mk; gpd;dpizg;G vd Gwk;ghf

tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit gpd;tUkhW:

fhzp kw;Wk; fhzpfspy;

Fbaku;j;Jjy; : mur fhzpfs;

FbauRf;F nrhe;jkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.

murpayikg;gpd; 33 (<) cWg;Giuf;F

Vw;gTk; vOjg;gl;l rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;gTk;

[dhjpgjpf;F fhzpfis tpLtpf;fyhk;.

fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW fhzp>

khfhz rigf;Fl;gl;l xU

tplakhFk;. mur fhzpfs; xJf;fpa

my;yJ xUq;fpia epuy; tplakhf

murhq;fj;jpd; NjitfSf;fhf khfhz

rigaplk; tpdtg;gl;L mur fhzpfs;

murhq;fj;jpdhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;.

khfhz rigfSf;Fj; Njitahd

fhzpfis epajpr; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g

gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

khfhz rigfSf;Fj; Njitahd

fhzpfs; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

khfhz rigfs; mf; fhzpfis

epajpr; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g gad;gLj;Jjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

khfhzj;jpd; fhzpf;

ifafg;gLj;jy; khfhz rigapd;

MNyhridapd; fPo; [dhjpgjpahy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

2. khfhzq;fSf;fpilapyhd

ePu;g;ghrd kw;Wk; fhzp mgptpUj;jp

eltbf;iffs;

Nkw;gb fUj;jpl;lq;fs; -

murhq;fj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l

mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; Mw;W ePiug;

gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; jpl;lq;fs;

njhlu;gpy; murhq;fj;jplk; nghWg;G

xg;gilf;fg;gLk;.

nfhs;iffSf;Fg; nghUe;Jfpd;w

epakj; juq;fis khfhz rigaplk;

tpdtp murhq;fk; jPu;khdpf;Fk;.

fhzpj; Jz;Lfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;gtu;fisj; njupT nra;Ak;

Kiwikfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fhzpg;

gfpu;T ,d tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F

Vw;g mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. jdJ

gq;fpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shj egu;fs;

Vida fUj;jpl;lq;fspypUe;J

fhzpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

cupj;JilNahuhtu;. mt;te;j

fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; fhzpj;Jz;Lfs;

gfpug;gly; rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;

tbtk; khw;wkilahjthW mikjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

fUj;jpl;l epUthfk; kw;Wk;

Kfhik vd;gd murhq;fj;jpdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

3. Njrpa fhzp Mizf;FO

Njrpa fhzp Mizf;FOtpy;

khfhz rigg; gpujpepjpfs; mq;fk;

tfpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njhopEl;g

nrayfnkhd;W fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

fhzpg; ghtid njhlu;ghd

Njrpa nfhs;if njhopy;El;g

fhuzpfspdbg;gilapy; mikjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

fhzp Mizf;FOtpdhy;

jahupf;fg;gl;l Njrpaf; nfhs;if

njhlu;ghd Kiwahd mtjhdj;Jld;

khfhz rig mjpfhuq;fis

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

'Njrpa gpuptpw;fhd

RLfyd;fs;> ntbg;

nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fspd;

jd;ik> msT vd;gd

Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;

FOtpdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. khfhzg;

gpupTf;fhd mg;nghUl;fs;

khfhz nghyp]; Mizf;

FOtplk; tpdtg;gl;L

Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;

FOtpdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;.



,e;jpa murpay; kw;Wk;

khfhz rigfspd;

cs;slf;fk; vd;W

ghu;f;ifapy; mJ xU

%l ek;gpf;ifahFk;.

,yq;iff;Fs; jdp

ehnlhd;W cUthtijj;

jLg;gNj ,e;jpahtpd;

murpayhf fhzg;gl;lJ.

khfhz rigapd;

cs;slf;fkhdJ

,e;jpahtpdhy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l xd;wy;y.

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l khfhz fhzpg;

ghtid njhlu;ghd nfhs;iffspd;

epakq;fs; kw;Wk; ghtidfs;

cupathW ,lk;ngWtjpYs;s jtW

ahJ ? mJ mt;thW ,lk;ngWtjw;F

Njrpa fhzpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W Njrpa fhzpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwhd xd;W ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwhd xd;W

1948 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,Jtiu 1948 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,Jtiu

,y;iy. mikr;ru;fSf;Fk; murhq;ff; ,y;iy. mikr;ru;fSf;Fk; murhq;ff;

fl;rpg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;> fl;rpg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;>

mjpfhuk; gilj;jtu;fSf;Fk;. mtu;fsJ mjpfhuk; gilj;jtu;fSf;Fk;. mtu;fsJ

Mjuthsu;fSf;Fk; jhk; epidj;jthW Mjuthsu;fSf;Fk; jhk; epidj;jthW

fhzpfisg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. fhzpfisg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

RtPfupj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;. jw;NghJ RtPfupj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;. jw;NghJ

$l tlf;fpy; fhzpfs; mt;thW $l tlf;fpy; fhzpfs; mt;thW

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l

[dehafthjj; juq;fSf;fika mit [dehafthjj; juq;fSf;fika mit

,lk;ngwj; Jtq;Fkhapd; epidj;j ,lk;ngwj; Jtq;Fkhapd; epidj;j

,lq;fspnyy;yhk; cy;yhrg; gaz ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; cy;yhrg; gaz

tpLjpfs;> tzpf epiyaq;fs; tpLjpfs;> tzpf epiyaq;fs;

vd;gtw;iw cUthf;f KbahJ. vd;gtw;iw cUthf;f KbahJ.

rl;lj;jpw;fika Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; rl;lj;jpw;fika Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lk;. fhzp mjpfhuq;fSf;F

vjpuhdtu;fs; kj;jpapy; jkf;F

VNjhnthd;W fpilf;fhky; NghFk;

vd;w gak; my;yJ jkf;Ff; fpilf;fhj

xd;W jkpo; kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpwJ

vd;w nghwhikNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mjw;Fg; Gwk;ghf gyu; ,dthj

epakq;fSf;fika jkpo; kf;fSf;F

mt;thwhdnjhU trjp ,Uf;ff; $lhJ

vd epidg;gjhFk;. eilKiwapy; ,k;

kNdh epiyf;F vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpf;fj;

jhdh 27 Mz;Lfs; njhlu;e;j

ehrfhu Aj;jj;jpw;F Njitg;gl;l xU

gpughfud; cUthfpdhu;? njhlu;e;Jk;

tpid tpijj;jhy; tpidAk; jpid

tpijj;jhy; jpizAk; fpilg;gJ

cWjpahFk;.

khfhz rig Kiwik khfhz rig Kiwik

,e;jpahtpdhy; ,yq;if kPJ ,e;jpahtpdhy; ,yq;if kPJ

gyte;jkhf Rkj;jg;gl;lnjhd;wh? gyte;jkhf Rkj;jg;gl;lnjhd;wh?

NkNyhl;lkhfg; ghu;j;jhy; mJ

mt;thW jhd;. MapDk; ,e;jpa

murpay; kw;Wk; khfhz rigfspd;

cs;slf;fk; vd;W ghu;f;ifapy; mJ xU

%l ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,yq;iff;Fs;

jdp ehnlhd;W cUthtijj; jLg;gNj

,e;jpahtpd; murpayhf fhzg;gl;lJ.

khfhz rigapd; cs;slf;fkhdJ

,e;jpahtpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l

xd;wy;y. mJ cyfpy; ngUkstpyhd

kf;fis epUtfpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ijg;

gfpu;tjd; %yk; epUthfk; nra;Ak;

Kiwikf;F Vw;g ,yq;ifapd;

murpay;thjpfspdhy; ePz;lfhykhf

tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l xd;whFk;.

Muk;gj;jpy; jpU. gz;lhuehaf;fh

1926 ,Yk; kiyafg; gpuGf;fs;

1927 ,Yk; ,f;fUj;jpidf;

$wpapUe;jdu;. 1957Mk; Mz;L

ll;yp nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jj;jpdJk;

cs;slf;fKk; mJthfNt

fhzg;gl;lJ. ePz;lfhykhf epytp

te;j fUj;jpid nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

,e;jpah gyte;jj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;jJ.

[dehaf uPjpahd mf; fUj;jpid

mKy;gLj;jhikNa gyte;jj;jpw;F

mbg;gilahf mike;jJ. mjpYs;s

jtW ahnjdpy; gyte;jNkad;wp

cs;slf;fk; my;y. njhlu;e;Jk;

mf; fUj;jpid mKy;gLj;jhJ

tpLtjdhy; mg;gyte;jk; NtW xU

tpjj;jpyhtJ ,lk;ngWtJ cWjp.

md;W ,e;jpah khj;jpuNk mjpy;

jiyapl;lJ. ,d;W cyfpd; gy ehLfs;

mijr; nraw;gLj;Jk; epiy tiu

Kd;Ndw;wkilar; nra;jJ jw;Nghija

murhq;fkhFk;. md;W gpughfud;

$wpaitNa mjd; %yk; cWjp

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ilf;fhy jd;dhl;rp

mjpfhu rig njhlu;ghd gpurpj;jp ngw;w

ntspaPl;by; (2003) mJ gpd;tUkhW

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

'jkpo; rpq;fs kf;fSf;fpilapyhd

cwtpd; tuyhW kPwg;gl;l

thf;FWjpfspdhYk;> fhyj;jpw;Ff;

fhyk; Ml;rp nra;j ,yq;if

murhq;fq;fSf;Fk; jkpo; kf;fspd;

gpujpepjpfSf;Fkpilapy; fyg;gw;w

tpjj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xg;ge;jq;fs; xU

jiyg;gl;rkhf kPwg;gl;l rk;gtq;fspdhy;

epiwe;jJ njhlu;ghd Gupjy;fspdhYk;>

xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf mjpfhu

gPlNkwpa ,yq;ifapd; murhq;fq;fs;

jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd Xuq;fhl;ly;>

mur td;Kiw> murhq;fj;jpdhy;

jpl;lkplg;gl;l td;Kiw vd;gtw;iw

mKy;gLj;jpaikia kdjpy;

,Uj;jpAk;"



,d;Wk; $l NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l

mNj tplaj;ijj; jhdh

mKy;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;? njhlu;r;rpahf

uh[je;jpu jPu;nthd;Wf;Fg; gjpyhf

,dq;fSf;fpilNa ek;gpf;ifapd;ik>

Kuz;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iw tsu;j;jy;

kw;Wk; mf; fUj;Jf;fs;> nraw;ghLfs;

vd;gtw;iw rl;lkhf;Fjy; khj;jpuNk

nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. '13tJ jpUj;jk;

Njitaw;wJ" vd;W $Wgtu;fs;

,dq;fSf;fpilNa xw;WikapidAk;

ey;ypzf;fj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F

Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;ba nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp vJTk;

$wtpy;iy.

eilngwf;$baJ vJ? eilngwf;$baJ vJ?

md;W ,yq;iff;Fs;NsNa jPu;j;J

itf;f KbAkhapUe;j gpur;rpid

,d;W ru;tNjrkag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

md;W gpughfud; cl;gl vy;.uP.uP.<

kl;Lk; ghLgl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ,d;W

ru;tNjr jiyaPL tiu tsu;e;Js;sJ.

MfNt md;W MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;

%yk; jPu;f;f KbAnkd;W gpioahf

Kd;ndLj;j nraw;ghL> rupahd

Kiwapy; xLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;W

gpioahd nraw;ghL Gwe;js;sg;gl;L

md;iwa Nehf;fk; khj;jpuk;

ru;tNjrkakhfpAs;sJ. murhq;fk;>

=.y.R.f. N[.tp.gp (k.tp.K) cs;spl;l

,dthjpfspd; gjpy; Fwpfs; kw;Wk;

rpe;jidfs; vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf

me; Nehf;fj;jpw;F cyf mstpy;

gyk; fpilf;fg; ngw;W Aj;jnkhd;W

,d;wpNa ehl;ilg; gpupj;Jf;nfhLf;Fk;

epiyik cUthfp tUfpwJ. Gyp

ke;jpuj;ij n[gpj;;jthW ehl;by; mlf;F

Kiwapid Kd;ndLg;gjd; %yk;

ru;tNjr mOj;jq;fis xopf;f KbahJ.

cz;ikapy; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l murpay;

thjpfNs ehl;ilg; gpupf;fpd;wdu;.

jw;Nghija epiyikapidg; gw;wp jw;Nghija epiyikapidg; gw;wp

murhq;fk; Nkhg;gk; gpbj;Js;snjd;gJ murhq;fk; Nkhg;gk; gpbj;Js;snjd;gJ

njspthfpwJ. MfNt jhkjpj;jhtJ njspthfpwJ. MfNt jhkjpj;jhtJ

VNjDk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ VNjDk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ

rpwe;jjhFk;. mjhtJ fw;Wf;nfhz;l rpwe;jjhFk;. mjhtJ fw;Wf;nfhz;l

ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; gupe;Jiuapy; ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; gupe;Jiuapy;

,izf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpDs; ,izf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpDs;

NkYk; 50 gupe;Jiufis Nru;g;gjw;F NkYk; 50 gupe;Jiufis Nru;g;gjw;F

jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lik nghUj;jkhd jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lik nghUj;jkhd

xU eltbf;ifahFk;. mjw;fika xU eltbf;ifahFk;. mjw;fika

jpUNfhzkiyapy; 5 khztu;fs; mjp jpUNfhzkiyapy; 5 khztu;fs; mjp

cau; ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpy; nfhiy cau; ghJfhg;G tyaj;jpy; nfhiy

nra;ag;gl;lik njhlu;ghf vl;Lg; Ngu; nra;ag;gl;lik njhlu;ghf vl;Lg; Ngu;

ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu; vd $wg;gl;lJ. ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu; vd $wg;gl;lJ.

mJ kw;WNkhu; Nghyp ehlfky;y mJ kw;WNkhu; Nghyp ehlfky;y

ntdpd; mJ ehl;Lf;F ed;ikahFk;. ntdpd; mJ ehl;Lf;F ed;ikahFk;.

13 V njhlu;ghd 'mtru 13 V njhlu;ghd 'mtru

tiuT" ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F tiuT" ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F

rku;g;gpf;fg;glhikapd; %yk; rku;g;gpf;fg;glhikapd; %yk;

ntl;fg;gl;lhtJ xU mb gpd; ntl;fg;gl;lhtJ xU mb gpd;

thq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. thq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk; nghyp];

mjpfhuq;fis toq;fhikf;fhd

fhuzj;ij murhq;fk; fl;lhak;

rku;g;gpf;Fk;. nghyp]; ghJfhg;G

mikr;rpd; fPo; nfhz;L

tug;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; mJ

ghJfhg;G tplaj;jpd; fPo; kj;jpa

muRf;Fupanjhd;whFk; vdf; $wyhk;.

vijf; $wpdhYk; nra;jhYk;

ey;ypzf;fkpd;wp ehl;by;

mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;j KbahJ.

ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhf gy eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. mjw;fhd

kpfr; rpwe;j cjhuznkhd;iw

njd;dhgpupf;fhtpypUe;J

vLf;fyhk;. mjhtJ> 27 Mz;Lfs;

nts;isaupd; Ml;rpapd; %yk;

rpiwaplg;gl;bUe;j ney;rd;

kz;Nlyh ru;tNjr mOj;jj;jpd;

fhuzkhf tpLjiy ngw;wjd;

gpd;du; KjyhtJ njd;dhgpupf;fh

murhq;fk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. mk;

Kf;fpakhd re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mtrukhf

,aw;wg;gl;l ,uz;L Njrpa fPjq;fs;

,irf;fg;gl;likahdJ tuyhw;W

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j xU epfo;thFk;.

xd;W Mq;fpy nkhopapy; nts;is

kdpju;fspdhy; ,irf;fg;gl;lJ.

kw;iwaJ Njrpa nkhopnahd;wpy;

fWg;gpd kdpju;fspdhy; ,irf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;j cd;dj nraw;ghl;il tpl

rpwe;j eltbf;ifia mr; re;ju;;g;gj;jpy;

gpujpgypj;jpUf;f KbAkh? Njrpa

fPjj;ijg; gw;wp ,Jtiu vkf;F

rupahdnjhU fUj;J fpilahJ.

,dthjpfs; 'Njrpa fPjj;ijf;" $l

,dthj fPjkhf khw;wpAs;sdu;.

vijf; $wpdhYk; nra;jhYk;

ey;ypzf;fkpd;wp ehl;by;

mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;j

KbahJ. ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhf

gy eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. mjw;fhd

kpfr; rpwe;j cjhuznkhd;iw

njd;dhgpupf;fhtpypUe;J

vLf;fyhk;.

ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

mjhtJ> 27 Mz;Lfs;

nts;isaupd; Ml;rpapd;

%yk; rpiwaplg;gl;bUe;j

ney;rd; kz;Nlyh ru;tNjr

mOj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf

tpLjiy ngw;wjd; gpd;du;

KjyhtJ njd;dhgpupf;fh

murhq;fk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

mk; Kf;fpakhd re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

mtrukhf ,aw;wg;gl;l

,uz;L Njrpa fPjq;fs;

,irf;fg;gl;likahdJ

tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

tha;e;j xU epfo;thFk;.

xd;W Mq;fpy nkhopapy;

nts;is kdpju;fspdhy;

,irf;fg;gl;lJ. kw;iwaJ

Njrpa nkhopnahd;wpy;

fWg;gpd kdpju;fspdhy;

,irf;fg;gl;lJ.



,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; 13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; gw;wp vOg;gg;gl;Ls;s Nghypahd

kw;Wk; nraw;ifahd thjj;ijg; gw;wp rpe;jpf;ifapy; fp.K. Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;by;

rPdhtpy; tho;e;j jj;Jt QhdpAk; kjj; jiytUkhd nfhd;gpArpna]; mtu;fSf;Fk;

mtuJ rPlu;fSf;FkpilNa eilngw;w xU ciuahly; epidtpw;F tUfpwJ. Fwpj;j

ciuahlypy; 'Vd; ehk; kdpju;fs; MfpNwhk; ? vd;w Nfs;tpia rPlu;fs; mtuplk; 'Vd; ehk; kdpju;fs; MfpNwhk; ? vd;w Nfs;tpia rPlu;fs; mtuplk;

tpdtpdhu;fs;. mf;Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpiyf; $Wk; gb nfhd;gpArpa]; jdJ rPlu;fisNa tpdtpdhu;fs;. mf;Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpiyf; $Wk; gb nfhd;gpArpa]; jdJ rPlu;fisNa

gzpj;jhu;;. 'nkhopnahd;iwf; fijg;gjdhNyNa ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk;" vd xU rPlu; gzpj;jhu;;. 'nkhopnahd;iwf; fijg;gjdhNyNa ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk;" vd xU rPlu;

gjpyspj;jhu;. 'ehk; tPL thry;fis epu;khzpj;J thfdhjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;" vd gjpyspj;jhu;. 'ehk; tPL thry;fis epu;khzpj;J thfdhjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;" vd

kw;WnkhUtu; $wpdhu;. kdpju;fspd; Nghypahd ghrhq;fpd; fhuzkhf vd ,d;ndhUtu; kw;WnkhUtu; $wpdhu;. kdpju;fspd; Nghypahd ghrhq;fpd; fhuzkhf vd ,d;ndhUtu;

$wpdhu;. mt;thNw kdpjuplj;jpy; epyTk; nghwhik> tQ;rfk;> ,Wkhg;G> ngha;ik $wpdhu;. mt;thNw kdpjuplj;jpy; epyTk; nghwhik> tQ;rfk;> ,Wkhg;G> ngha;ik

kw;Wk; Nguhir vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhfNt ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk; vd ,d;Dk; rpyu; kw;Wk; Nguhir vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhfNt ehk; kdpju;fshFfpNwhk; vd ,d;Dk; rpyu;

$wpdhu;fs;. ,itfnshd;Wky;y vd nfhd;gpArpa]; $wpa NghJ mf; Nfs;tpf;fhd $wpdhu;fs;. ,itfnshd;Wky;y vd nfhd;gpArpa]; $wpa NghJ mf; Nfs;tpf;fhd

gjpiy mtuplNk rPlu;fs; Nfl;ldu;. ePq;fs; Nfl;lJ gpioahd Nfs;tpahFk;. vd mtu; gjpiy mtuplNk rPlu;fs; Nfl;ldu;. ePq;fs; Nfl;lJ gpioahd Nfs;tpahFk;. vd mtu;

$wpdhu;. vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; kdpju;fshFfpwhu;fs; vd tpsq;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ehk; $wpdhu;. vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; kdpju;fshFfpwhu;fs; vd tpsq;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ehk;

Vd; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;? vd;Nw Nfs;tpiaNa Nfl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vd; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;? vd;Nw Nfs;tpiaNa Nfl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

vdf; $wpdhu;.vdf; $wpdhu;.

jk;kplkpUe;J jpUlg;gl;l me;j

Ra nfsutj;ij kPz;Lk;

jpUg;gpj; jUkhW jkpo; kf;fs;

NfhUfpd;wdu; vd;gNj ,t;

ciuahlypUe;J njspthfpwJ.

jpUlg;gl;l mt; mgpkhdj;ijj;

jpUg;gpg; ngw;Wj; jUkhW jkpo;

kf;fs; NfhUfpd;wdu;. ahu;

mjidj; jpUbndhu;fs;? mJ

kPz;Lk; tpdtg;gl Ntz;ba

xU Nfs;tp my;y vd;gij ehd;

mwpNtd;. kdr;rhl;rpAs;s

vtuhYk; mjidg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s

KbAk;. jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf

uPjpahd ey;ypUg;G vd;gJ VNjh

xU tifapy; capiug; ghJfhj;J

tho;tJ my;yntdpDk; tlf;F

kf;fs; mt;thW tho;tjw;F

tw;GWj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F

nfhd;gpArpa];]plkpUe;J xU gbg;gpid

Nguhrpupau; [ae;j nrdtpuj;d

MMMMMf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013

,e;jpag; gpujku; jpU. u[Pt; fhe;jp mtu;fSk; [dhjpgjp jpU. N[.Mu; [atu;jd mtu;fSk; ,yq;if ,e;jpa rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jpl;l NghJ (1987 a+iy 29)

Phot

o So

urce

: Go

ogle

Imag

es



Ra nfsutk; (DignityDignity) )

,d;ndhUtuplkpUe;J jpUlg;gLk;

NghNj ehk; kdpjj; jd;ikaw;wtu;fshf

khWfpd;Nwhk; vd mt;Tiuahlypd;

NghJ nfhd;gpArpa]; tpsf;fpdhu;fs;.

xUtuJ mgpkhdj;ijj; jpULtnjd;gJ

kdpjj;jd;ikapidj; jpULtjhFk;.

jdpkdpj mgpkhdj;jpd; ,uz;L

gf;fq;fs; cs;sd. ngsjPf uPjpahd

ey;ypUg;Gk; Md;kPf uPjpahd ey;ypUg;GNk

mitahFk;. ngsjPf ey;ypUg;G vd;gJ

xUtuJ tho;itf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fj;

Njitahd mbg;gilj; NjitfshFk;.

mjhtJ czT tiffs;> tPLthry;

kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gdthFk;. Md;kPf

ey;ypUg;G vd;gJ jhd; tpUk;Gk; xU

kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; fyhrhuj;ijg;

gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; cs;s cupikapid

mDgtpf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; rpe;jidr;

Rje;jpuk;> fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk; vd;gdthFk;.

jk;kplkpUe;J jpUlg;gl;l me;j Ra

nfsutj;ij kPz;Lk; jpUg;gpj; jUkhW

jkpo; kf;fs; NfhUfpd;wdu; vd;gNj ,t;

ciuahlypUe;J njspthfpwJ. jpUlg;gl;l

mt; mgpkhdj;ijj; jpUg;gpg; ngw;Wj;

jUkhW jkpo; kf;fs; NfhUfpd;wdu;. ahu;

mjidj; jpUbndhu;fs;? mJ kPz;Lk;

tpdtg;gl Ntz;ba xU Nfs;tp my;y

vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. kdr;rhl;rpAs;s

vtuhYk; mjidg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.

jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf uPjpahd ey;ypUg;G

vd;gJ VNjh xU tifapy; capiug;

ghJfhj;J tho;tJ my;yntdpYk;

tlf;F kf;fs; mt;thW tho;tjw;F

tw;GWj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;. vt;thwhapDk;

jkJ Md;kPf uPjpahd ey;ypUg;gpid

vg;gbahtJ ghJfhg;gjw;fhf KbNt ,y;yhj

Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mtu;fs; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. 'ehk;

midtUk; vj;jifanthU ghjhsj;jpy;

tpOe;j NghJk; xU rpyu; thdj;J

el;rj;jpuq;fis ghu;j;j tz;zkpUg;ghu;fs;"

vd x];fh itl;]; $wpAs;shu;. (We are all in the gu ers, some of us are looking at the stars) kdpju;fs; trKs;s

vtuhYk; jLf;f Kbahj rpe;jpg;gjw;Fk;

fdT fhz;gjw;FKs;s rf;jpiag; gw;wpNa

mtu; mt;thW $wpapUf;fyhk;. Mff;

Fiwe;jJ tskhd vjpu;fhynkhd;iw

vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAkhapd; cly;

uPjpahfTk;> kNdhuPjpahfTk; ,d;W

mDgtpf;f Neu;e;Js;s Jd;gq;fis

xUtuhy; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

MapDk; tlf;fpd; jkpo; kf;fSf;F

mt;thW nra;af;$ba xU epiyik

fhzg;gLkhapd; Mff; Fiwe;jJ mJ

13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jr; rl;lk;

mKyhtJ khj;jpuNk MFk;.

1987 Mk; Mz;by; ,uz;lhtJ 1987 Mk; Mz;by; ,uz;lhtJ

FbauR murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpw;F FbauR murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpw;F

13tJ jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l NghJ 13tJ jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l NghJ

jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf kw;Wk; Md;kPf jkpo; kf;fspd; ngsjPf kw;Wk; Md;kPf

ey;ypUg;G vd;gtw;Wf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf; ey;ypUg;G vd;gtw;Wf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf;

$bajhftpUe;j 'murpay; jPu;T" mJthff; $bajhftpUe;j 'murpay; jPu;T" mJthff;

fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa ehk; mjw;F g+uz fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa ehk; mjw;F g+uz

xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpNdhk;. mj; xj;Jiog;gpid toq;fpNdhk;. mj;

13tJ jpUj;jk;

rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;L

ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l

Ml;rpapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;;T

mk;rk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l

NghJ> gu];gu tpNuhjj;

jd;iknahd;W

fhzg;gl;l NghJk;

,yq;if murpaYf;F

mJ xU Gjpa

mDgtkhff;

fhzg;gl;lJ.

jpUj;jj;jpy; vt;tsT jhd; FiwghLfs; jpUj;jj;jpy; vt;tsT jhd; FiwghLfs;

fhzg;gl;l NghJk; mJ ,dg; gpur;rpidj; fhzg;gl;l NghJk; mJ ,dg; gpur;rpidj;

jPu;Tf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ue;j jPu;Tf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ue;j

ijupakhdJk; rhjfkhdJkhd xU ijupakhdJk; rhjfkhdJkhd xU

eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;jjdhy; mjid eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;jjdhy; mjid

Mjupj;Njhk;. ,e;jpahtpd; Njitapd; Mjupj;Njhk;. ,e;jpahtpd; Njitapd;

epkpj;jk; mj; jPu;T nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ epkpj;jk; mj; jPu;T nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ

vd;gjpy; kiwg;gjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy. vd;gjpy; kiwg;gjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy.

,yq;if murpay;thjpfspdhy; ,g; ,yq;if murpay;thjpfspdhy; ,g;

gpur;rpidf;F jkf;Nf cupj;jhd gpur;rpidf;F jkf;Nf cupj;jhd

Kiwapy; jPu;nthd;iw toq;f Kiwapy; jPu;nthd;iw toq;f

,ayhikapd; gpd;dzpapy; mt;thwhd ,ayhikapd; gpd;dzpapy; mt;thwhd

xU jiyaPl;bd; %ykhfNtDk; xU jiyaPl;bd; %ykhfNtDk;

jPu;nthd;Wk; fpilf;fg;ngwy; vd;idg; jPu;nthd;Wk; fpilf;fg;ngwy; vd;idg;

nghWj;jkl;by; kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa xU nghWj;jkl;by; kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa xU

tplakhFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,j;jiyaPl;bd; tplakhFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,j;jiyaPl;bd;

fhuzkhfNt ,g;gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf fhuzkhfNt ,g;gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf

NtW tpjkhf rpe;jpf;fTk; nraw;glTk; NtW tpjkhf rpe;jpf;fTk; nraw;glTk;

vkJ ehl;L murpay;thjpfSf;F vkJ ehl;L murpay;thjpfSf;F

kl;Lkd;wp kf;fSf;Fk; xU re;ju;g;gk; kl;Lkd;wp kf;fSf;Fk; xU re;ju;g;gk;

fpilj;Js;sJ. kdpju;fspd; cupikfs; fpilj;Js;sJ. kdpju;fspd; cupikfs;

njhlu;ghf ,t;thwhd xU gpur;rpidf;F njhlu;ghf ,t;thwhd xU gpur;rpidf;F

ru;tNjrj;jpd; mOj;jkpd;wp murpay; ru;tNjrj;jpd; mOj;jkpd;wp murpay;

jPu;nthd;iwg; ngw;Wj; je;j ve;jnthU jPu;nthd;iwg; ngw;Wj; je;j ve;jnthU

ehLk; cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. mJ ,d;Wk; ehLk; cyfj;jpy; ,y;iy. mJ ,d;Wk;

$l nry;Ygbahd xU fhuzpahFk;.$l nry;Ygbahd xU fhuzpahFk;.

ngupJk; ikag;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; ru;thjpfhu

Ml;rpf;Fg; ghijaikf;f toptFg;gJkhd

rf;jptha;e;j [dhjpgjpiaf; nfhz;l

xU murpayikg;Gf; fl;likg;gpw;Fs;

13tJ jpUj;jk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;L

ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l Ml;rpapy; mjpfhug;

gfpu;;T mk;rk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l NghJ> gu];gu

tpNuhjj; jd;iknahd;W fhzg;gl;l

NghJk; ,yq;if murpaYf;F mJ

xU Gjpa mDgtkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

mj; jpUj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; gjtpf;F

te;j midj;J murhq;fq;fSk;

mjpfhug; gfpu;T kw;Wk; jkpo; kf;fis

mlf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd gyk; nghUe;jpa

MAjkhf xUq;fpia gl;baiyNa

gad;gLj;jpaJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;.

,t; murhq;fk; mjpfhug; gfpu;it

Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj xU murhq;fkhFk;.

MfNt khfhz tplaq;fNsh my;yJ

,ize;j tplaq;fNsh mtu;fSf;F

13tJ jpUj;jj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy;

jilfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F md;W

gpNukjhr murhq;fk; gpd;gw;wpa murpay;

cghaq;fis tplTk; ghuJ}ukhd

tpjj;jpy; jpUj;jj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpd;



13tJ jpUj;jj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy;

jilfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F

md;W gpNukjhr murhq;fk;

gpd;gw;wpa murpay; cghaq;fis

tplTk; ghuJ}ukhd tpjj;jpy;

jpUj;jj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpd;

rl;ll uPjpahd fl;likg;gpdhy;

gadila jw;Nghija

murhq;fk; jpwik ngw;Ws;sJ

vd;gjid ehk; mwpNthk;.

mJkl;Lkd;wp mjpfhuj;ijg;

gfpu;jy; vd;gJ ehfuPfkhd

xU murpay; nraw;ghL vd

r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l fyhrhuj;ij

gpd;Ndhf;fp efu;j;jp mjid

xU jfhj thu;j;ijahf

r%fkag;gLj;Jk; xU Kaw;rpapYk;

murhq;fk; ,wq;fpAs;sJ.

rl;l uPjpahd fl;likg;gpdhy; gadila

jw;Nghija murhq;fk; jpwik

ngw;Ws;sJ vd;gjid ehk; mwpNthk;.

mJkl;Lkd;wp mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;jy;

vd;gJ ehfuPfkhd xU murpay; nraw;ghL

vd r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l fyhrhuj;ij

gpd;Ndhf;fp efu;j;jp mjid xU jfhj

thu;j;ijahf r%fkag;gLj;Jk; xU

Kaw;rpapYk; murhq;fk; ,wq;fpAs;sJ.

mJkl;Lkd;wp gpNukjhr tbtpy; mike;j

,e;jpa vjpu;g;gpidj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

nraw;ghLk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,r;

nraw;jpl;lq;fSs; ky;tj;J m];fpup

Njuu;fSk; rpf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sik

ngupJk; ftiyf;Fupa tplakhFk;.

md;W gpNukjhrtpd; ,e;jpa vjpu;g;gpd;

Kd;Nd gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; mjd; cjtpf;F

ghf;fp];jhd; kl;LNk ,Ue;j NghJk;

jw;Nghija murhq;fk; mjw;F rPdhitAk;

,izj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Rje;jpukile;j ehs; Kjy; ,d;W tiu

gjtp tfpj;j murhq;fq;fs; epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuj;ijg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Nf

nraw;gl;ldNt epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;

gfpUk; Neu;ikahd Kaw;rpia

Nkw;nfhs;s tpy;iynad;gij

gpuj;jpNafkhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bajpy;iy.

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,iwik fhzg;gl;l

fhyj;jpYk; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;

gyg;gLj;Jk; cghaq;fspy; <Lgl;lJld;

1972 Mk; Mz;L murpay; ahg;G mjd;

cr;rf; fl;lkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. MapDk;

1978Mk; Mz;bd; murpayikg;gpw;F

epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpg; gjtp Kiw

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gly; kw;Wk; 1978 ,d;

13 MtJ jpUj;jk; vd;gtw;wpidj;

njhlu;e;J ghuhSkd;w ,iwik vd;w

Nfhl;ghL ,y;yhnjhope;jJ. mt;thNw

murpayikg;gpw;Fr; Nru;f;fg;gl;l 18MtJ

jpUj;jj;ijj; njhlu;e;J epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuk; cr;rpf;Nf nrd;Wtpl;ljid

vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ. ghuhSkd;wk; ,d;W

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; xU Nfypf;$j;J

MFk;. ,t;thwhd xU epiyikapYk;

$l 13tJ jpUj;jk; vd;gJ ,d;Wk; 13tJ jpUj;jk; vd;gJ ,d;Wk;

rpWghd;ikapdUf;F ,Uf;fpd;w rpWghd;ikapdUf;F ,Uf;fpd;w

murpayikg;gpw;F mikthd xNunahU murpayikg;gpw;F mikthd xNunahU

ghJfhg;ghFk;. gpuNjr Rahl;rpf;fhd jkpo; ghJfhg;ghFk;. gpuNjr Rahl;rpf;fhd jkpo;

kf;fspd; Nfhupf;ifapidj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j kf;fspd; Nfhupf;ifapidj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j

kpff; Fiwe;jsT rhj;jpaj;jpidNa kpff; Fiwe;jsT rhj;jpaj;jpidNa

mJ nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; jw;Nghija mJ nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; jw;Nghija

#o;epiyapy; mtu;fsJ ngsjPf kw;Wk; #o;epiyapy; mtu;fsJ ngsjPf kw;Wk;

Md;kPf ey;ypUg;gpw;F XusNtDk; Md;kPf ey;ypUg;gpw;F XusNtDk;

toptFf;fpd;w jPu;T mJthFk;. toptFf;fpd;w jPu;T mJthFk;.

mj; jpUj;jk; murpayikg;gpypUe;J

mfw;wg;gLkhapd; rpq;fs - ngsj;j ,d

uPjpahd Mjpf;fj;jpid cr;rj;jpw;Nf vLj;Jr;

nry;tNj ,lk;ngWk;. me;j ,duPjpahd

Mjpf;fNk ehl;bid Aj;jnkhd;wpw;F

,l;Lr; nrd;wJ vd;gjid Rl;bf;fhl;l

Ntz;bajpy;iy. mjdhy; cUthfpa

Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf r%fj;jpy;

tpijf;fg;gl;l kpNyr;rj;jdj;jpypUe;J

kf;fs; tpLgl Kbahky; cs;sJ. tlf;F

kf;fs; ,d;W nrhy;nyhdhj; Jd;gq;fspy;

rpf;fpj; jtpf;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fsJ

nghUsjhu r%f kw;Wk; csuPjpahd

ghjpg;Gf;fs; ,t;tsTjhd; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;

$w KbahJ. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J

,yq;ifapd; kf;fs; r%fk; gz;ghl;L

uPjpapy; tPo;r;rpaile;J fhzg;gLfpd;wik

kpfg; gaq;fukhd xU epiyikahFk;.

NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd r%fj;jpy; tpNrlkhf

murhq;fj;jpw;F Aj;j vjpu;g;nghd;W

,y;yhj xU #o;epiyapy; midj;J

,dq;fisAk; xw;Wikg;gLj;jp mtu;fs;

midtUk; tpUk;Gfpd;wthW murpay;

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Muk;gpg;gjw;F

murhq;fk; Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; 13tJ jpUj;jj;ijg;

g+uzkhf mKy;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;

kl;LNk murhq;fk; jkpo; kf;fspd;

kdjpid XusTf;NfDk; kPz;Lk;

ftu;e;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. mtu;fs;

Nfl;gJk; mJNt. mj; jpUj;jj;jpid

khw;wpaikf;f (Fiwf;f) Kaw;rpg;gnjd;gJ

kPz;Lk; ehL ,Uz;l vjpu;fhyj;ij

Nehf;fpg; gazk; nra;tjhFk;. mj;

jpUj;jj;ij ,y;yhnjhopg;gJ kPz;Lk;

gpuptpidthjpfspd; mgpyhirfSf;F

tha;g;gspg;gjhFk;. nfhd;gpArpa];

mtu;fsJ thu;j;ijfspy; $Wtjhapd;

xU ehl;by; thOk; midtuJk; ek;gpf;if

Ml;rpahsUf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

khj;jpuNk mq;F cWjpahd epiyik

Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhd xU ek;gpf;if

fpilf;fg;ngWk; gl;rj;jpy; gpuhe;jpa uPjpapYk;

gaKWj;jy;fs; vJTkpd;wp ehl;il

epu;tfpf;fyhk;. kf;fSf;F 'Rje;jpuk;"

toq;Ffpd;w NghNj ek;gpf;ifapidf;

fl;bnaOg;gyhk;. Rje;jpukhdJ

,uhZtj;jpdhy; epUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;w

xU r%fj;jpy; kf;fs; gak;> gPjp

vd;gtw;WlNdNa ,U tifahd

,uhZt mlf;FKiwf;Fl;gl;bUe;jjij

kwf;f KbahJ. mjid KbTf;F

nfhz;L tu Ntz;ba fhyk;

cUthfpAs;sJ. mtu;fsJ ngsjPf

kw;Wk; Md;kPf jw;WzpG vd;gd

kPz;Lk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

mJ murhq;fj;jpd; Kw;WKOjhd

ey;ypUg;gpw;F fhuzkhaikAk;. 13

MtJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj; jpUj;jj;ij

g+uzkhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd;

%yk; mjidr; nra;a KbAnkd

vz;ZfpNwd;.



13tJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk;>khfhz rig mjpfhuq;fs;> khfhz rig Nju;jy;fs;

,yq;if murpaypy; kPz;Lk; #L gpbf;fMuk;gpj;Js;sd. ,t;tpjkhd fhyfl;lj;jpy;

rpWghd;ik ,dkhfpa K];ypk;fspd; khfhz rig murpay; gw;wp Nehf;FtjhfNt

,f;fl;Liu fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf ,yq;ifapYs;s khfhz rigfis vLj;Jf;

nfhz;lhy;> fpof;F khfhzj;ijj; jtpu;e;j Vida khfhzq;fspy; K];ypk;fSila

nry;thf;F ,y;iynad;Nw $wyhk;. fpof;F kfhzj;ijj; jtpu;e;j ve;jnthU

khfhz rigapyhtJ K];ypk; mikr;rnuhUtiuf; fz;Lnfhs;s KbahJ. MfNt

K];ypk;fSk; khfhz rigAk; gw;wp Muha;tuhapd; mJ fpof;F khfhzj;ijNa

Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wij kWf;f KbahJ.

1987.07.29 Mk; jpfjp ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpufhuk; 13MtJ murpay;

mikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. tlf;F> fpof;fpy; tho;fpd;w rpWghd;ik

kf;fSf;Fmurpay; chpikfis ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l khfhz rig

Kiwik 13MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpd; Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. ,yq;if - ,e;jpa

xg;ge;jg;gb khfhz rigfis cUthf;Fjy;. khzhfq;fis xd;wpizj;jy;>khfhz

rigfSf;fhd Nju;jy;fs;> fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cj;Njr kf;fs; mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G> mur

fUk nkhopr;rl;lq;fs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

,yq;ifapy; K];ypk;fs; ,uz;lhtJ rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;fpd;whh;fs;. ,yq;ifapd;

nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; Rkhu; 9¤ K];ypk;fshthu;. fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; 32¤ K];ypk;fshtu;. fpof;F khfhzj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;Nl

K];ypk;fSila murpay; 1988 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf

m\;ug; jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w jdpahdnjhU murpay; gpuNtrk;>

fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

nkh`kl; /g];yhd;

nfhOk;Gg; gy;fiyf; fofk;

13tJ murpay; mikg;Gj; jpUj;jKk; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSk;

Photo source: berunews.wordpress.com

fpof;F kfhzj;ijj;

jtpu;e;j ve;jnthU khfhz

rigapyhtJ K];ypk;

mikr;rnuhUtiuf;

fz;Lnfhs;s KbahJ.

MfNt K];ypk;fSk;

khfhzrigAk; gw;wp

Muha;tuhapd; mJ

fpof;F khfhzj;ijNa

Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wij

kWf;f KbahJ.



1988 Mk; Mz;L tlkhfhzj;Jld; fpof;F khfhzk; xd;wpizf;fg;gl;L>

tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;Jf;fhd Nju;jy; ,lk; ngw;wJ. fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; 33¤

ngUk;ghd;ikiaf; nfhz;l K];ypk;fs; tlf;F fpof;F ,izg;Gld; murpay;

epu;f;fjpf;F Mshfpdu;. ,jd; gpd;du; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; Mq;fhq;Nf jkpou;fSf;Fk;

K];ypk;fSf;FkpilNa fytuq;fs; Vw;gl;likAk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; mtw;iwj; jLg;gjw;F

eltbf;if vLf;fhikAk; K];ypk;fSf;F NkYk; Vkhw;wj;ij mspj;jJ.

K];ypk;fisg; nghUj;jkl;by;> mtu;fs; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpy; mjpfsT Mu;tk;

fhl;lhtpl;lhYk;> Muk;gfhy khfhz rig KiwahdJ ngUk; Vkhw;wj;ijNa mtu;fSf;Fg;

ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jJ. fpof;F khfhzj;jij jkf;F xU murpay; jskhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w

K];ypk; murpay; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;F> N[. Mu; [atu;jdhtpd; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; ngUk;

Vkhw;wj;ij mspj;jJ. mjhtJ tlf;F fpof;F khfhzk; xd;wpize;j Nju;jypy;

rpWghd;ik jkpo; kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;igAk; K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;ghh;g;igAk; FopNjhz;bg;

Gijj;jJ. ,j;Nju;jypid jkpoPo tpLjiyGypfs; $l vjpu;j;jdu;. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd;

mDruizg; ngw;NwhUk; N[.Mu;. [atu;jd murhq;f gpujpepjpfSNk tlf;F fpof;F

khfhz rigapy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;.

khfhz rig Muk;gNk K];ypk;fSf;F Vkhw;wj;ijNa mspj;jJ. ehl;by; gpd;du; khfhz rig Muk;gNk K];ypk;fSf;F Vkhw;wj;ijNa mspj;jJ. ehl;by; gpd;du;

Vw;gl;l Aj;j #o;epiyfspdhy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; ,aq;ftpy;iy. Vw;gl;l Aj;j #o;epiyfspdhy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; ,aq;ftpy;iy.

vt;thwhapDk; tlf;F fpof;F jw;fhypf ,izg;G K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;g;Gf;F kj;jpapYk; vt;thwhapDk; tlf;F fpof;F jw;fhypf ,izg;G K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;g;Gf;F kj;jpapYk;

2006 Mk; Mz;Ltiu mKypy; ,Ue;jJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;L cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPu;g;gpd; 2006 Mk; Mz;Ltiu mKypy; ,Ue;jJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;L cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPu;g;gpd;

gpufhuk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; jd; jdpj;jdpahfg; gpupf;fg;gl;ld.gpufhuk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz rigfs; jd; jdpj;jdpahfg; gpupf;fg;gl;ld.

mjd; gpd;du; 2008 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w KjyhtJ fpof;Fkhfhz rigj; Nju;jypy;

52¤ thf;Ffisg; ngw;w If;fpa kf;fs; Rje;jpu Kd;dzp ntw;wp ngw;wJ. ,j;Nju;jypy;

ntw;wp ngw;w tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; Kd;dhs; Nghuhspahd rptNerj;Jiw re;jpufhe;jd;

(gps;isahd;) Kjyikr;ruhfg; gjtp Vw;whu;. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAld; ,ize;J Nghl;bapl;l

=yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pw;F Nju;jypy; ntw;wp ngwKbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. mj;Jld;

If;fpakf;fs; Rje;jpu Kd;dzpapy; Nghl;bapl;l `p];Gy;yhtpd; Kjyikr;ru; fdTk;

iff;$ltpy;iy. vdNt ,uz;lhtJ jlitahfTk; K];ypk;fs; khfhz rig Kiwapy;

Vkhw;wk; mile;jij ,J vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

2012 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w ,uz;lhtJ fpof;F khfhz rigj; Nju;jypy; =yq;fh

K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; 7Mrdq;fisg; ngw;W> 14 Mrdq;fisg; ngw;w If;fpa kf;fs; Rje;jpu

Kd;dzpAld; $l;Lr; Nru;e;J fpof;F khfhz rig Ml;rpia mikj;jJ. ,jd; NghJ

Kjd;Kjyhf K];ypk; xUtu; fpof;F khfhzrigapy; Kjyikr;ruhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;.

K];ypk; xUtu; Kjyikr;ruhf tuNtz;Lk; vd;w ,yf;if ikakhf itj;Nj

=yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; Nghl;bapl;lJ. jk;Gs;is gs;spthry; tptfhuk;> `yhy;

gpur;rpid K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhd nghJgyNrdhtpd; eltbf;iffis ikakhf itj;J

murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; Nju;jy; gpur;rhuk; Nkw;nfhz;l =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

K];ypk;fspd; thf;Ffisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L kPz;Lk; murhq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J

fpof;F khfhz rigapy; Ml;rp mikj;jjhdJ fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fis NkYk;

Vkhw;wj;Jf;Fs;shf;fpaJ. Nju;jy; Kbtpy; ,yq;if jkpouRf; fl;rp 11Mrdq;fisngw;whYk;

Ml;rp mikf;ff; $ba gyk; mjw;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. rpWghd;ik kf;fspd; gyk; nfhz;l

fpof;F khfhz rigia cUthf;f ,Ue;j re;ju;g;gj;ij =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

,y;yhnjhopj;jJ. jq;fSila mikr;Rg; gjtpfisAk; Vida tug;gpurhjq;fisAk;

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Raey murpaiy K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; kPz;Lk; xUKiw ntspg;gLj;jp

,Ue;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

vt;thwhapDk; jw;Nghija fpof;F khfhzrigapy; K];ypk;fSf;F mikr;Rg;

nghWg;Gf;fs; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jdhy; K];ypk; gpuNjrq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp Vw;gl

Muk;gpj;Js;sij kWf;f KbahJ. MdhYk;> fpof;F khfhzrigapd; MSdhpd;

mjpfhuq;fisf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gplKbahJ. Vnddpy; [dhjpgjpapDila mjpfhuq;fis

,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j

rdj;njhifapy; Rkhu; rdj;njhifapy; Rkhu;

9¤ fpof;F khzj;jpy; 9¤ fpof;F khzj;jpy;

nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy;

32¤ K];ypk;fshtu;. 32¤ K];ypk;fshtu;.

fpof;F khfhzj;ij fpof;F khfhzj;ij

ikakhff; nfhz;Nl ikakhff; nfhz;Nl

K];ypk;fSila murpay; K];ypk;fSila murpay;

1988 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J 1988 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J

Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Fwpg;ghf m\;ug; Fwpg;ghf m\;ug;

jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l

K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w

jdpahdnjhU murpay; jdpahdnjhU murpay;

gpuNtrk;> fpof;F gpuNtrk;> fpof;F

khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj

Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.



K];ypk;fisg; nghUj;jkl;by;>

mtu;fs; mjpfhug;

gfpu;tpy; mjpfsT Mu;tk;

fhl;lhtpl;lhYk;> Muk;gfhy

khfhzrig KiwahdJ ngUk;

Vkhw;wj;ijNa mtu;fSf;Fg;

ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jJ. fpof;F

khfhzj;jij jkf;F

xU murpay; jskhf;f

Ntz;Lnkd;w K];ypk; murpay;

vjpu;ghu;g;ghdJ> N[. Mu;

[atu;jdhtpd; epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuk; ngUk; Vkhw;wj;ij

mspj;jJ. mjhtJ tlf;F

fpof;F khfhzk; xd;wpize;j

Nju;jypy; rpWghd;ik jkpo;

kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;igAk;

K];ypk;fspd; vjpu;ghh;g;igAk;

FopNjhz;b Gijj;jJ.

Neubahf gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba xUthuhf MSdu; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;. ,jdhy; jhd;

fpof;F khfhz rig Kjyikr;ru; jq;fSf;F NkYk; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;

vdmz;ikapy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhu;.

jw;NghJ tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; 13 MtJmurpay;

rPu;j;jpUj;jk; gw;wp kPz;Lk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpy; khfhz

rigfSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghyP];> fhzp kw;Wk; khfhzq;fs; xd;wpizjy;

Mfpamjpfhuq;fs; Fiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nahrid

murhq;fj;jpw;F Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. Vnddpy; vjpu;tUk; tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jypy; jkpo; Njrpa

$l;likg;G ntw;wp ngw;why; ,t; mjpfhuq;fs; rpWghd;ikj; jkpo; kf;fs; iffspy; Ngha;tplf;

$lhJ vd rpq;fsf; fLk; Nghf;Ff; fl;rpfSk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wdu;. 13MtJ murpay; mikg;G

jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd ghuhSkd;wj; njupTf;FOTk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;njhpTf;FOtpy;

=yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pw;fhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy;

K.fh ,e;j 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gj;jpUj;jj;ij ePf;Ftijapl;L jq;fsJ vjpu;g;ig

njuptpf;fpd;wikahFk;.

fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fs; kw;Wk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; MfpNahu; jkpo; kf;fs; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fs; kw;Wk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; MfpNahu; jkpo; kf;fs;

Nfhupa mjpfhug; gfpu;T Kiwia xUNghJk; Nfhupajpy;iy. tpLjiyg; GypfSldhd Nfhupa mjpfhug; gfpu;T Kiwia xUNghJk; Nfhupajpy;iy. tpLjiyg; GypfSldhd

Ngr;Rthu;j;jifspd; NghJ> jkpou;fSf;F mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; K];ypk;fSf;Fk; Ngr;Rthu;j;jifspd; NghJ> jkpou;fSf;F mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; K];ypk;fSf;Fk;

toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w njhdpapNyNa K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; gw;wpa toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w njhdpapNyNa K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; gw;wpa

Nghuhl;lk; fhzg;gl;lNjnahopa K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w jdpahd mjpfhug; gfpu;itf; Nfhup Nghuhl;lk; fhzg;gl;lNjnahopa K];ypk;fSf;nfd;w jdpahd mjpfhug; gfpu;itf; Nfhup

Nghuhltpy;iy vdyhk;. 1990 fspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSf;F Nghuhltpy;iy vdyhk;. 1990 fspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; fpof;F khfhz K];ypk;fSf;F

Vw;gl;l frg;ghd mDgtq;fs; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.Vw;gl;l frg;ghd mDgtq;fs; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

vdpDk; ,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; Kjd;Kiwahf> khfhz rigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs;

Fiwf;fg;gLtjw;F =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jq;fsJ vjpu;g;igj; njuptpj;Js;sikia>

,yq;ifr; rpWghd;ik kf;fisg; nghWj;jkl;by; tuNtw;fj; jf;f tplakhFk;. fpof;F

khfhzrig %yk; fpof;F K];ypk;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu

ed;ikfis ,oe;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;gNj =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]pd; Nehf;fhFk;.

khwhf jkpo; kf;fspd; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F ,jid xg;gpl KbahJ. jkpo;

kf;fSila mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; gw;wpa Nghuhl;lk; “cstpay; NjitahFk;” (psychological need). mjid ,yFthfj; jPu;f;f KbahJ. Mdhy; K];ypk;fSila mjpfhug;gutyhf;fk;

gw;wpa Nghuhl;lk; “nghUs;ika NjitahFk;” (material need). ,jidr; rpy nghUshjhu

tsq;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; jPu;f;fyhk;. =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; kw;Wk; Vida

K];ypk; murpay; thjpfs; gl;lk; gjtpfSld; jkJ Nghuhl;lq;fis Klf;fpf; nfhs;tJ

,jw;Fr; rpwe;j cjhuzkhFk;.

13tJ murpay; mikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l khfhz rigKiwapy;>

Fwpg;ghff; fpof;F khfhz rigapy;> 2012 Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpd;dNu K];ypk;fs;

cz;ikahf Ml;rp mjpfhuk; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;Js;sdu;. MfNt khfhz rig Kiwapy;

mjpfhuq;fs; Fiwf;fg;gLtij fpof;if ikakhff; nfhz;l =yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

vjpu;g;gjpy; vt;tpjkhd Mr;rupaKk; ,y;iy.



13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd;

tuyhw;iw Muha;e;J

ghh;j;jhy; mJ

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Kd;dUk;>

gpd;dUk; ve;jnthU

NtWghLkpd;wp kj;jpa muR

Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fis

gad;gLj;JtJk;>

toq;fg;gl;bUe;j rpy

mjpfhuq;fs; $l kPsTk;

ngwg;gl;Ls;snjd;gJk; kpfj;

njspT. mjpfhuq;fis

gfph;e;J 13MtJ

jpUj;jj;jpD}lhfthtJ

jPh;tpid vjph;ghh;j;j rl;lfkhf

milahsg;gLj;j KbahJ.

—

˜

jkpo; r%fk; ,ioj;Js;s jtWfs; mjpfk;

Phot

o so

urce

: san

nnas

a.co

m /

lank

aene

ws.c

om

Nguhrphpah; fPjnghd;fyd;

Photo Source: www.lavaplace.com

13MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F nghUj;jkhd murpay; jPh;T

toq;Ftjw;F NghJkhd murpay; gq;fspg;G my;y.

xw;iwahl;rp KiwapDs;NsNa LLRC gupe;Jiufis nraw;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;j

xw;iwahl;rp KiwikapDs; rpWghd;ik ,df;FOf;fSf;Fhpa NghJkhdsT murpay;

mjpfhug; gfph;it xUNghJk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ. 13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; tuyhw;iw

Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy; mJ mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Kd;dUk;> gpd;dUk; ve;jnthU NtWghLkpd;wp

kj;jpa muR Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fis gad;gLj;JtJk;> toq;fg;gl;bUe;j rpy mjpfhuq;fs; $l

kPsTk; ngwg;gl;Ls;snjd;gJk; kpfj; njspT. mjpfhuq;fis gfph;e;J 13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpD}

lhfthtJ jPh;tpid vjph;ghh;j;j rl;lfkhf mjid milahsg;gLj;j KbahJ. mjpfhu gfph;T

nra;ag;gLk; NghJ ,d> nkhop r%fq;fs; rpwpjhf ,Ue;jhYk;$l mtw;wpw;F mjpfhuq;fis

chpathW gfpe;jspf;f eltbf;if vLg;gJ ftdnkLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xU tplakhFk;. jkf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s murpay; mjpfhuj;ij gad;gLj;jp jkJ mgptpUj;jpj; Njitfis mile;J

nfhs;sf;$ba tha;g;G rpWghd;ik ,d r%fj;Jf;F fpilf;fhik ,jpYs;s kpf Nkhrkhd

FiwghlhFk;.

,q;Nf kpfTk; ftiyf;Fhpa tplak; vd;dntd;why; tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd ,q;Nf kpfTk; ftiyf;Fhpa tplak; vd;dntd;why; tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd

tha;g;gpUf;Fk; NghJ$l mjid ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; nraw;gLk; Nghf;F njd;gFjp murpay; tha;g;gpUf;Fk; NghJ$l mjid ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; nraw;gLk; Nghf;F njd;gFjp murpay;

mjpfhuKs;Nshhplk; gpugykile;Js;sikahFk;. ,e;j fUj;ij ehk; cl;gl ,d;Dk; gyh; mjpfhuKs;Nshhplk; gpugykile;Js;sikahFk;. ,e;j fUj;ij ehk; cl;gl ,d;Dk; gyh;

vg;NghJk; $wpte;Js;sJld; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jdpauR vg;NghJk; $wpte;Js;sJld; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jdpauR (Separate State)(Separate State) Nfhhp Nfhhp

Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ $l ehk; rk\;b Kiwf;fhf Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ $l ehk; rk\;b Kiwf;fhf (Federalism)(Federalism) njhlh;r;rpahf Fuy; njhlh;r;rpahf Fuy;

nfhLj;Njhk;. nfhLj;Njhk;.

Kbtile;j Nghhpy; nrhy;y KbahjsT ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJ jkpo; r%fNk. Kbtile;j Nghhpy; nrhy;y KbahjsT ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJ jkpo; r%fNk.

mjw;fika me;j r%fj;jpd; jiyth;fs; nra;jJ rhpah> gpioah vd ghh;g;gjid tplTk; mjw;fika me;j r%fj;jpd; jiyth;fs; nra;jJ rhpah> gpioah vd ghh;g;gjid tplTk;



,e;j ehl;bYs;s murpay;

gpur;rpidapd; Xh; ajhh;j;jk;

vd;dntd;why; jkpo; kf;fspd;

murpay; chpikfis

ghJfhg;gjw;f;F eltbf;if

vLf;fhky; cz;ikahd

ey;ypzf;fj;ij ,e;ehl;by;

epWt KbahJ vd;gjhFk;.

jkJ murpay; mgpyhirfs;>

mgptpUj;jp tha;g;Gf;fSld;

,ize;jjhf ,e;j muR

vjidAk; jkf;F toq;fhJ

vDk; Kw;jPh;g;GlNdNa

tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fs;

,Uf;fpd;wdh;.

jtwpiof;fg;gl;l ,lq;fis rPh;nra;af;$ba jtwpiof;fg;gl;l ,lq;fis rPh;nra;af;$ba

Gjpa murpay; tbtNk kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Gjpa murpay; tbtNk kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.

gpur;rpidfs;> td;Kiwfs; epiwe;j r%fg; gpur;rpidfs;> td;Kiwfs; epiwe;j r%fg;

gpd;dzpapy; midtUk; <Lgl;l murpay; gpd;dzpapy; midtUk; <Lgl;l murpay;

nraw;ghLfspd; jtWfisf; nraw;ghLfspd; jtWfisf; (Mistakes)(Mistakes) fz;Lnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,d;ndhU gf;fk; fz;Lnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,d;ndhU gf;fk;

jkJ r%fj;jpd; murpay; tpUg;gq;fis jkJ r%fj;jpd; murpay; tpUg;gq;fis

rupahfg; gad;gLj;jf;$basT tha;g;G rupahfg; gad;gLj;jf;$basT tha;g;G

jkpo; murpay; jiyth;fSf;F fpilj;jjh jkpo; murpay; jiyth;fSf;F fpilj;jjh

vd;gJ re;Njfj;Jf;FhpaJ. tlf;F fpof;fpy; vd;gJ re;Njfj;Jf;FhpaJ. tlf;F fpof;fpy;

Kjy; jlitahf epWtg;gl;l khfhz Kjy; jlitahf epWtg;gl;l khfhz

rigapy; $l ,Ue;j ,e;jpa mOj;jk; rigapy; $l ,Ue;j ,e;jpa mOj;jk;

kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa murpd; cjhrPdk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa murpd; cjhrPdk;

fhuzkhf mjd; gpujpepjpfs; vjidAk; fhuzkhf mjd; gpujpepjpfs; vjidAk;

nra;af;$ba #oy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; nra;af;$ba #oy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy;

mjd; Kjyikr;ruhd tujuh[g;ngUkhs; mjd; Kjyikr;ruhd tujuh[g;ngUkhs;

jd;dhl;rp myfpid gpufldg;gLj;jpdhh;. jd;dhl;rp myfpid gpufldg;gLj;jpdhh;.

mth; gpufldg;gLj;jpaJ Nghd;Nw mjid mth; gpufldg;gLj;jpaJ Nghd;Nw mjid

epahag;gLj;jf;$ba gpd;dzpf;F mJ epahag;gLj;jf;$ba gpd;dzpf;F mJ

,lkspf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; cldbahf ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; cldbahf

ehl;iltpl;L jg;gpNahbdhu;. ehl;iltpl;L jg;gpNahbdhu;.

xw;iwahl;rp Kiwikapy; rpWghd;ik xw;iwahl;rp Kiwikapy; rpWghd;ik

,d chpikfs;,d chpikfs;

,e;j xw;iwahl;rp KiwikapDs;

rpWghd;ik ,d chpikfs;> Fwpg;ghf

murpay; Rje;jpuk; fpilf;ff;$ba tha;g;G kpf

nrhw;gNk. jkpo; kf;fspd; kdepiyahdJ

xw;iwahl;rp Kiwia Mjupf;fhjjhFk;.

jkf;F mt;tsT el;ghd Kiway;y

vd;Nw xw;iwahl;rpia Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.

mjw;fika jdpauR kw;Wk; xw;iwahl;rp

KiwikfSf;fpilapyhd VjhtJ

mjpfhug; gfph;T Kiwnahd;iw ,jw;F

gjpyPL nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gNj vdJ

ghh;it. ,Ug;gpDk; jw;NghJs;s murpay;

tha;g;ig gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;f;Fk;

jkpo; murpay; fl;rpfs; mf;fiw vLf;f

Ntz;Lk;. nghyP];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; nghyP];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fs;

ePf;fg;gLkhapd; jhk; tl khfhzrigf;F ePf;fg;gLkhapd; jhk; tl khfhzrigf;F

Nghl;bapLtjpy;iy vd jkpo; murpay; Nghl;bapLtjpy;iy vd jkpo; murpay;

fl;rpfs; mz;ikapy; $wpAs;sd. fl;rpfs; mz;ikapy; $wpAs;sd.

mt;thwhd gpd;dzpapy;$l jkpo; mt;thwhd gpd;dzpapy;$l jkpo;

Njrpa $l;likg;G Nghl;bapl Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa $l;likg;G Nghl;bapl Ntz;Lk;.

,Uf;Fk; murpay; KiwikapDs; VjhtJ ,Uf;Fk; murpay; KiwikapDs; VjhtJ

eyid ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAkhapd; mJ eyid ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAkhapd; mJ

murpay; gq;fspg;ig fhl;LtJ kl;LNk. murpay; gq;fspg;ig fhl;LtJ kl;LNk.

,J kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpyhd ,J kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpyhd

mjpfhug; gfph;T murpay; tha;g;ghFk;. mjpfhug; gfph;T murpay; tha;g;ghFk;.

mJ ,Uf;Fk; gpur;ridf;F jPh;thfhJ mJ ,Uf;Fk; gpur;ridf;F jPh;thfhJ

vd;w NghjpYk; fLk; Nghf;fhsh;fspd; vd;w NghjpYk; fLk; Nghf;fhsh;fspd;

tpkh;rdq;fSf;Fs;shfyhk;. mjdhy; tpkh;rdq;fSf;Fs;shfyhk;. mjdhy;

,Uf;Fk; tha;g;Gf;fis gad;gLj;jpf; ,Uf;Fk; tha;g;Gf;fis gad;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ehl;bYs;s murpay;

gpur;rpidapd; Xh; ajhh;j;jk; vd;dntd;why;

jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; chpikfis

ghJfhg;gjw;f;F eltbf;if vLf;fhky;

cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;ij ,e;ehl;by;

epWt KbahJ vd;gjhFk;. jkJ murpay;

mgpyhirfs;> mgptpUj;jp tha;g;Gf;fSld;

,ize;jjhf ,e;j muR vjidAk;

jkf;F toq;fhJ vDk; Kw;jPh;g;GlNdNa

tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. me;j

kdepiyia khw;Wtjhapd; murhq;fj;jpd;

topKiwfis khw;w Ntz;Lk;. jkpoPo jkpoPo

tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kpfTk; ,aq;FjpwDld; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kpfTk; ,aq;FjpwDld;

,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; njw;fpd; murpay; jyikfs; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; njw;fpd; murpay; jyikfs;

XusT kl;lj;jpyhd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;F XusT kl;lj;jpyhd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;F

nry;yf;$lhnjd;W rpe;jid nra;jhh;fs;. nry;yf;$lhnjd;W rpe;jid nra;jhh;fs;.

jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; mjid gad;gLj;jp jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; mjid gad;gLj;jp

jdpauR Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ,yf;if jdpauR Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; ,yf;if

milayhnkDk; re;NjfNk mjw;Ff; milayhnkDk; re;NjfNk mjw;Ff;

fhuzk;. ,Ug;gpDk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; fhuzk;. ,Ug;gpDk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;

Gypfs; Njhy;tpaile;Js;s gpd;dzpapy; Gypfs; Njhy;tpaile;Js;s gpd;dzpapy;

njhlh;e;Jk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuq;fisf; njhlh;e;Jk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuq;fisf;

$l kPs ngWtjw;Ff; Kaw;rpg;gijg; Ghpe;J $l kPs ngWtjw;Ff; Kaw;rpg;gijg; Ghpe;J

nfhs;tJ fbdk;. jw;NghJ mth;fs; ,e;j nfhs;tJ fbdk;. jw;NghJ mth;fs; ,e;j

Kiwikf;F gof;fg;gl;Ltpl;ldh;. jdpauir Kiwikf;F gof;fg;gl;Ltpl;ldh;. jdpauir

Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;F NghJkhdsTf;fhtJ Nehf;fpr; nry;tjw;F NghJkhdsTf;fhtJ

mth;fs; Kd;tUthh;fs; vd ehd; mth;fs; Kd;tUthh;fs; vd ehd;

epidf;ftpy;iy. ,e;ehl;bd; rk;gtq;fs; epidf;ftpy;iy. ,e;ehl;bd; rk;gtq;fs;

vg;NghJk; rh;tNjrj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L vg;NghJk; rh;tNjrj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gLtjid ghh;f;Fk;NghJ> nry;yg;gLtjid ghh;f;Fk;NghJ>

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngWk; mepahaq;fSf;F cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngWk; mepahaq;fSf;F

cs;ehl;by; jPh;T ,y;yhjNghJ mt;thW cs;ehl;by; jPh;T ,y;yhjNghJ mt;thW

,lk;ngwyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mjid ,lk;ngwyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mjid

xU tof;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; xU tof;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk;

cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;F tha;g;Gf; cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;F tha;g;Gf;

fpilg;gJ rpukkhdJ. kWGwk; njw;fpd; fpilg;gJ rpukkhdJ. kWGwk; njw;fpd;

rftho;T njhlh;gpy; vt;tsT nrhd;dhYk; rftho;T njhlh;gpy; vt;tsT nrhd;dhYk;

mJgw;wpa cz;ikahd Njit mJgw;wpa cz;ikahd Njit

,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Uf;ftpy;iy. njw;fpy; ey;ypzf;fk;

vd;gJ ,d;DnkhU fth;r;rpfukhd

trdk; kl;LNk. mjw;fhf njw;F

tlf;Ff;F XusT tha;g;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tlkhfhz rig epWtg;gLtjw;f;F vjpuhf

njw;F kpfTk; gykhf FunyOg;GfpwJ.

,Ug;gpDk; mt;thwhd epiyapyhtJ

gpuNjr hPjpapyhd mjpfhuj;Jldhd jkpo;

murpay; thjpfis cUthf;fpa gpd;dh;

mth;fs; NkYk; Njrpa murpaYf;F

fth;e;jpOf;fg;gLthh;fs;. mjd;NghJ

XusT mjpfhu rl;lfk; cUthf;fg;gLtjd;

%yk; mjNdhbize;j cz;ikapNyNa



2002 Mz;by; rk\;b

Kiwf;fhd tha;g;G njhlh;gpy;

mf;fiw vLf;ff;$ba rpwe;j

tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;

mJ if eOtp tpl;lJ.

rpq;fs r%fj;ij tplTk;

jkpo; r%fj;jpdh; mjpfkhd

jtWfis tpl;ljhfNt

ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. mJ

jkpo; murpaypd; Xh; ikag;

gFjpahFk;. vg;NghJk;

jtWfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

mjpfhuj;Jf;F tpUg;gKila murpay;

Nghl;bepiy cUthjy; ,jD}lhf

ngUk;ghYk; ,lk;ngWk;. mjw;fika

tlf;Ff;F khfhz rigia toq;Fk;

jPh;khdk; njw;fpd; murpay; je;jpNuhghak;

vdTk; tpsf;fkspf;fyhk;. njhlh;e;Jk;

xNu ,yq;if ,dkhf nraw;gLk;NghJ

midj;J r%fj;jpdhpdJk; ,izg;ig

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;j je;jpNuhghak;

fhuzkhFk;.

njw;F vjid nfhLf;fhtpl;lhYk; njw;F vjid nfhLf;fhtpl;lhYk;

tlf;fpy; gpur;ridahd epiy Vw;gl tlf;fpy; gpur;ridahd epiy Vw;gl

,lkpy;iy. jkpo; r%fk; NghJkhdsTf;F ,lkpy;iy. jkpo; r%fk; NghJkhdsTf;F

gpur;ridfSf;F Ml;gl;bUg;gNj gpur;ridfSf;F Ml;gl;bUg;gNj

mjw;F fhuzk;. vdJ ghlrhiy mjw;F fhuzk;. vdJ ghlrhiy

fhyj;jpy; aho;g;ghz ,sk; Nghuhsp fhyj;jpy; aho;g;ghz ,sk; Nghuhsp

mikg;Gfspd; Kfhk;fSf;fUfpy; E}mikg;Gfspd; Kfhk;fSf;fUfpy; E}

w;Wf;fzf;fhd ,isQh;fs; FOkp w;Wf;fzf;fhd ,isQh;fs; FOkp

epw;gjid fz;Ls;Nsd;. mtw;Wld; epw;gjid fz;Ls;Nsd;. mtw;Wld;

,ize;J nfhOk;G muRf;nfjpuhf ,ize;J nfhOk;G muRf;nfjpuhf

NghhpLk; Njit mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. NghhpLk; Njit mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.

,Wjpapy; mjd; kWgf;fNk eilngw;wJ. ,Wjpapy; mjd; kWgf;fNk eilngw;wJ.

Nghhplj; Njitahd ,sk; cWg;gpdh;fis Nghhplj; Njitahd ,sk; cWg;gpdh;fis

Njbg;gpbg;gJ rpukkhdjw;Ff; fhuzk; mJ Njbg;gpbg;gJ rpukkhdjw;Ff; fhuzk; mJ

njhlh;ghd Njit jkpo; ,isQh;fsplk; njhlh;ghd Njit jkpo; ,isQh;fsplk;

,Uf;fhik ahFk;. mjhtJ njhlh;e;Jk; ,Uf;fhik ahFk;. mjhtJ njhlh;e;Jk;

murpay; hPjpapy; rpukg;gLtjhFk;.murpay; hPjpapy; rpukg;gLtjhFk;. ahuhtJ

kpfr; rpyh; MAjk; J}f;fp VjhtJ vjph;g;igf;

fhl;lyhk;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; xU

fhyj;jpy; ,ay;ghfNt ngUk; xj;Jiog;ig

jkpo; kf;fsplkpUe;J ngw;W tsh;e;j fhyKk;

,Ue;jJ. mt;thwhd rk;gtk; kPz;Lk;

FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Vw;glhJ. ,Ug;gpDk;

15-20 Mz;LfSf;fg;ghy; vd;d elf;Fk;

vd;W $w KbahJ. tlf;F jkpo; kf;fspd;

kdepiy nfhOk;G murpd; murpay;

Kiwf;F vjpuhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjid

td;Kiwg; Nghf;fpy; ntspg;gLj;j mth;fs;

jahuhf ,y;iy.

jkpo; kf;fspd; mbg;gil vjph;ghh;g;Gjkpo; kf;fspd; mbg;gil vjph;ghh;g;G

jkpo; kf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ,dr; jkpo; kf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ,dr;

r%fq;fspd; cz;ikahd Njit xd;whf r%fq;fspd; cz;ikahd Njit xd;whf

tho;tNj jtpu jdpahf tho;tjy;y tho;tNj jtpu jdpahf tho;tjy;y

jdpahf ,Ug;gjw;f;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij jdpahf ,Ug;gjw;f;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij

NfhUtjw;Fg; gjpyhf KO r%fj;jpdJk; NfhUtjw;Fg; gjpyhf KO r%fj;jpdJk;

gFjpahf ,Ug;gjw;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij gFjpahf ,Ug;gjw;F murpay; mjpfhuj;ij

ngWtJ ,q;Nf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,ay;ghf ngWtJ ,q;Nf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,ay;ghf

jkJ eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F jkJ eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

jw;NghJs;s Kiwikapy; murpay; Rje;jpuk; jw;NghJs;s Kiwikapy; murpay; Rje;jpuk;

toq;Fk; ghuJ}ukhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fNy toq;Fk; ghuJ}ukhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fNy

,d;W mth;fSf;F vQ;rpAs;sJ. murhq;fk; ,d;W mth;fSf;F vQ;rpAs;sJ. murhq;fk;

vg;NghJNk jkpo; murpaiy ghuhl;Ltjid vg;NghJNk jkpo; murpaiy ghuhl;Ltjid

tplTk; mjid fzf;nfLf;fhkypUf;Fk; tplTk; mjid fzf;nfLf;fhkypUf;Fk;

Nghf;Nf $LjyhdJ. Njrpa murpayhy; Nghf;Nf $LjyhdJ. Njrpa murpayhy;

jw;NghJ jkpo; murpay;thjpfSf;F jw;NghJ jkpo; murpay;thjpfSf;F

ve;jnthU ,lKk; xJf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf ve;jnthU ,lKk; xJf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf

ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. yf;];kd; ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. yf;];kd;

fjph;fhkUf;F fpilf;fhky; Nghd tha;g;G fjph;fhkUf;F fpilf;fhky; Nghd tha;g;G

mjhtJ gpujkuhf Kd;nry;Yk; tha;g;G mjhtJ gpujkuhf Kd;nry;Yk; tha;g;G

NtW vtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fnkd epidf;f NtW vtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fnkd epidf;f

KbahJ. mjdhy; gpuNjr murpaypy; jkJ KbahJ. mjdhy; gpuNjr murpaypy; jkJ

czh;Tfis jahh;g;gLj;Jjy; ,e;Neuj;jpy; czh;Tfis jahh;g;gLj;Jjy; ,e;Neuj;jpy;

kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ.

,e;jpaj; jiyaPL,e;jpaj; jiyaPL

,e;jpa mOj;jj;ij Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;

1980 jrhg;jj;ijg;Nghd;W mOj;jk;

nfhLf;ff;$ba ,aYik ,e;jpahTf;F

,y;iy. tuyhw;wpy; ,e;jpah ,dg;gpur;rid

ClhfNt 2009 ,y; Aj;jk; Xa;e;jJ.

mt;thW mOj;jk; nfhLj;jJ. me;jg;

gpur;ridapd; jhf;fk; jkJ ehl;Lf;Fk;

cs;sJ vDk; mbg;gilapNyNa mOj;jk;

nfhLj;jJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ td;Kiw

Nkhjy; ,e;ehl;by; ,y;iy. murpay;

mfjpfspd; Gyk;ngah;T> nfhpy;yh tPuh;fspd;

gq;fspg;G fhuzkhf XusT epahakhd

chpikia mg;NghJ ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ.

Nghh; Kbe;j clNdNa ,e;jpahtpd;

Nfhhpf;ifahf (epge;jid) mJ ,Ue;jJ.

mjpfhug; gfph;it chpathW tpiuTgLj;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;. ehd;F tUlq;fs;

fle;Jk; mJ epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy.

Kd;dh; $wpa mjpfhuj;ij ,yq;ifkPJ

gpuNahfpf;Fk; ,aYik jw;NghJ

,e;jpahTf;F ,y;iy. n[dPthtpy;

,e;jpahtpd; FuYk;> nghJeytha

khehl;Lf;F tuhkypUg;gJk; jw;fhypf

gpur;ridfshFk;. mjdhy; ,yq;if

,e;jpahtplk; XusT nkd;Nghf;if fhl;Lk;.

,Ug;gpDk; ,yq;ifia ghJfhg;gjw;fhf

Kd;dpw;Fk; ehLfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfk;.

rPdh kl;Lkd;wp ,d;Dk; gy ehLfs;

cs;sd.

jkpo;ehl;by; ve;jnthU mOj;jKk;

,y;iynad;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.

,Ug;gpDk; mJ gykhdjy;y. jkJ

cs;ehl;L murpay; Nghf;if rh;tNjr

murpaypy; mUfpYs;s ehLfSlDs;s

el;Gwit rPh;Fiyf;ff;$basTf;F ,e;jpah

Kl;lhs; my;y. ,e;jpahTf;F Kd;dhy;

ehk; gytPdkhdth;fnsd epidj;jhYk;

vk;ik tplTk;> mth;fSf;F vk;ik



jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh;

jdpahd <o muRf;fhf

Ntiy nra;tJ jw;Nghija

murpay; ajhh;j;jj;Jf;F

KuzhdjhFk;.

mt;thW$Wk; jkpo;

Gyk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;

mDruiziaNah>

ey;nyz;zj;ijNah

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba

Mf;fG+h;tkhd nraw;jpl;lk;

vJTk; murplkpy;iy.

mth;fsJ murpay;

fUj;Jf;fis mth;fs;

Gwk;ghf itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F

,lkspj;J mth;fsJ

gq;fspg;ig ntw;wpf;nfhs;tJ

njhlh;gpy; ehk; rpe;jpj;Jg;

ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,q;Nf

Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu tplTk;

Kf;fpakhdJ jkpo; murpay;

jiyth;fNs vd;gjid

ePq;fs; kwe;J tplf;$lhJ.

Njitg;gLfpwJ. vhpnghUs;> thfd

tpw;gid cl;gl gy Jiwfspy; ,e;jpahTf;F

,yq;if re;ij Kf;fpakhdJ.

,yq;if gy;NtW mOj;jq;fisf;

nfhLj;jhYk; thfd Vw;Wkjp

Nghd;wtw;Wf;F ,g;NghJk; ,yq;if

,e;jpahTf;F rpwe;j th;j;jf $l;lhspahFk;.

1980 jrhg;j;jj;jpy; nfhOk;G by;ypapy;

jq;fp tho;e;jJ. jw;NghJ nfhOk;gpd;

khw;wj;jpd; Clhf by;yp cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.

(,yq;if njhlh;ghd gpur;ridapy;)

,uz;lhtJ jkpo;ehl;bd; murpaiy rpwg;ghf jkpo;ehl;bd; murpaiy rpwg;ghf

ifahSk; fiyapy; by;yp ifNjh;e;Js;sJ. ifahSk; fiyapy; by;yp ifNjh;e;Js;sJ.

mjd; ntsptptfhu mikr;rhpd; mjd; ntsptptfhu mikr;rhpd;

,yq;iff;F vjpuhd fLk; Ngr;Rf;fs; ,yq;iff;F vjpuhd fLk; Ngr;Rf;fs;

Nghd;wtw;why; vg;NghJk; by;yp jkpo; Nghd;wtw;why; vg;NghJk; by;yp jkpo;

ehl;il jpUg;jpg;gLj;JfpwJ. jw;f;fhypfkhf ehl;il jpUg;jpg;gLj;JfpwJ. jw;f;fhypfkhf

re;Njhrg;gLj;JfpwJ. rptrq;fh; Nkdd; re;Njhrg;gLj;JfpwJ. rptrq;fh; Nkdd;

Nghd;w ,e;jpa MNyhrfh;fs; ,yq;iff;F Nghd;w ,e;jpa MNyhrfh;fs; ,yq;iff;F

te;J> ,yq;if gpur;ridf;F ,e;ehl;bYs;s te;J> ,yq;if gpur;ridf;F ,e;ehl;bYs;s

epyikf;Nfw;g jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lnkd epyikf;Nfw;g jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lnkd

$Wthh;fs;. ajhh;j;jKk; mJNt. $Wthh;fs;. ajhh;j;jKk; mJNt.

ghuhSkd;wj; njhpTf;FOghuhSkd;wj; njhpTf;FO

tuyhw;wpy; epakpf;fg;gl;l FOf;fisg;

ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ghuhSkd;wj; njhpT

FOthdJ kpfTk; tpidjpwdhdjhFk;.

Kd;ida FOf;fspy; gy;NtW

fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s gy;NtW

egh;fs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. jw;NghJ

murhq;fj;jpy; xNu Kiwapy; rpe;jpf;Fk;

xNukhjphpahd tpUg;gj;ij nfhz;l

FOnthd;W ,Uf;fpwJ. FOntd;w hPjpapy;

gd;ikj;Jtj;Jf;F ,lkspj;jy; vd;gJ

,y;yhkw;NghFk; ,lkhf cs;sJ.

jkpoh;fs; cl;gl Mapuf;fzf;fhd

kf;fs; td;Kiwf;Fg; gypahdhh;fs;.

ehDk; ,e;j Nrjj;Jf;Fs;shd

r%fj;jpd; cWg;gpduhNtd;. kVjhtJ

tUj;jk; njhptpg;gjhapd; kWgf;fj;jpy;

vg;NghJk; tha;g;G Vw;gLk; rhj;jpaq;fs;

$LjyhdJ. vkJ ,aYikf;Nfw;g

Nkhjypy; <Lgl;l jug;gpdhpilNa

cz;ikahd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhf XusT

gq;fspg;G toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy;

jhd; jkpo; gpui[ vd;w hPjpapy; KO

kf;fsplk; kd;dpg;Gf; NfhUtjhf LLRC

Mizf;FOtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; $wpNdd;.

jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh; jdpahd <o

muRf;fhf Ntiy nra;tJ jw;Nghija

murpay; ajhh;j;jj;Jf;F KuzhdjhFk;.

mt;thW$Wk; jkpo; Gyk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;

mDruiziaNah> ey;nyz;zj;ijNah

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba Mf;fG+h;tkhd

nraw;jpl;lk; vJTk; murplkpy;iy.

mth;fsJ murpay; fUj;Jf;fis mth;fs;

Gwk;ghf itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ,lkspj;J

mth;fsJ gq;fspg;ig ntw;wpf;nfhs;tJ

njhlh;gpy; ehk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

,q;Nf Gyk;ngah;e;Njhiu tplTk;

Kf;fpakhdJ jkpo; murpay; jiyth;fNs

vd;gjid ePq;fs; kwe;J tplf;$lhJ.

mth;fsJ xj;jpirT ,y;yhky;

Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh; jiyaPL nra;a KbahJ.

mjw;fika jw;NghJs;s njhlh;ig

itj;Jf;nfhs;sf;$lhnjd;W ehd;

ghh;f;ftpy;iy.

Nghh;epytpaNghJ rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf Nghh;epytpaNghJ rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf

jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F

fpilj;j tha;g;Gf;fis jtwtpl;lJ fpilj;j tha;g;Gf;fis jtwtpl;lJ

mth;fSf;Nfw;gl;l jtwhFk;. ve;jnthU mth;fSf;Nfw;gl;l jtwhFk;. ve;jnthU

MAjNke;jpa eghpDs;Sk; mjw;Nf MAjNke;jpa eghpDs;Sk; mjw;Nf

chpj;jhd tiuaiw cs;sJ. vdJ chpj;jhd tiuaiw cs;sJ. vdJ

GhpjYf;fika ,yq;ifapy; jdpehnlhd;iw GhpjYf;fika ,yq;ifapy; jdpehnlhd;iw

cUthf;Ftjw;f;F rh;tNjr hPjpapy; cUthf;Ftjw;f;F rh;tNjr hPjpapy;

ve;jnthU mDruizAk; fpilf;fhJ. rpy ve;jnthU mDruizAk; fpilf;fhJ. rpy

re;jh;g;gthj jiyaPLfs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; re;jh;g;gthj jiyaPLfs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;

mtw;iw cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhd mtw;iw cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhd

jdpehl;Lf;fhd jiyaPlhf ghh;f;ff;$lhJ. jdpehl;Lf;fhd jiyaPlhf ghh;f;ff;$lhJ.

2002 Mz;by; rk];b Kiwf;fhd

tha;g;G njhlh;gpy; mf;fiw vLf;ff;$ba

rpwe;j tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ

if eOtp tpl;lJ. rpq;fs r%fj;ij tplTk;

jkpo; r%fj;jpdh; mjpfkhd jtWfis

tpl;ljhfNt ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. mJ jkpo;

murpaypd; Xh; ikag; gFjpahFk;. vg;NghJk;

jtWfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

13,w;f;F mg;ghy; nrd;w mjpfhug;

gfph;it ngWtjw;fhf rpWghd;ik

,df; fl;rpfspilNa xUq;fpizg;ig

cUthf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; vJTkpy;iy.

Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

Nghd;w fl;rpfs; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;iff;fika

cs;ehl;L Njitg;ghLfSld; ,ize;jjhf

nfhOk;Gld; kpfTk; neUf;fkhd cwT

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,J jkpo;

murpay;thjpfSf;Fg; gof;fkpy;iy.

NtW khw;W murpay; je;jpNuhghaq;fis

(Strategy) tplTk; mJNghd;w $l;likg;G

njhlh;ghf ehk; Muha;r;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.



jp];] [ajpyf;f epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsu; If;fpa mnkupf;f ,yq;if /Gy;gpiul; Mizf;FO

ntspAwTf; nfhs;if> n[dPth gpNuuiz kw;Wk; ehl;bd; vjpu;fhyk;

Phot

o so

urce

: ww

w.d

bsje

yara

j.com

2009 Mk; Mz;L

n[dPthtpd; If;fpa

ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs;

Nguitapy; ,yq;if Kd;

itj;j njhiy Nehf;fw;w

'ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuiz"

vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l

re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

ntspehl;likr;ruhf

vkJ yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku;

,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Fwpj;j

gpNuuiiz ntsptuhky;

,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.

mtuJ $upa mwpT

,yq;ifia vkJ vjpupfs;

mtu;fsJ rhjfj;jpw;F

fhuzkhaikAk;

tifapy; #o;r;rpfspy;

rpf;f itg;gjpypUe;J

jLj;jpUf;Fk;.

jpU. yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku;

gyiuAk; Nrhfj;jpy; Mo;j;jptpl;L kuzj;ijj; jOtpa yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku; mtu;fspdhy;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapd; ntw;wpfs; njhlu;ghd epidTfs;

vd; kdjpy; kq;fhJ fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2009 Mk; Mz;L n[dPthtpd; If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapy;

,yq;if Kd; itj;j njhiy Nehf;fw;w J}u rpe;jidaw;w 'ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuiz"

vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ntspehl;likr;ruhf vkJ yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku;

,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Fwpj;j gpNuuiiz ntsptuhky; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; mtuJ $upa mwpT

,yq;ifia vkJ vjpupfs; mtu;fsJ rhjfj;jpw;F fhuzkhaikAk; tifapy; #o;r;rpfspy;

rpf;f itg;gjpypUe;J jLj;jpUf;Fk;. 1984 kw;Wk; 1987 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; n[dPth

$l;lj;njhlupy; fye;Jnfhz;l ,yq;ifapd; gpujpepjpfs; 'jkJ je;jpNuhgha uPjpahd

kw;Wk; njhopy;rhu; murpay; uh[je;jpu mwpitg; gad;gLj;jp vjpuhd gpNuuizfis

nkd;ikahdjhf khw;wpdhu;fs;. 1987 Kjy; 2000 Mk; Mz;L tiu kdpj cupikfs;

Mizf;FO kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfs; Nguit vd;gtw;wpd; tpthjq;fspy; ,yq;if

njhlu;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gl;l NghJk; ve;jnthU mikg;Gk; ekf;nfjpuhf ve;jtpj gpNuuizAk;

mq;fPfupf;ftpy;iy. ehk; ,q;F 1987 Mk; Mz;bd; ,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpd;du;

,e;jpahtplkpUe;J vkf;Ff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w murpay; uh[je;jpu cjtpiag; Nghw;w Ntz;Lk;.

Mdhy;> 2009 ,y; vd;d ele;jJ?

'vjpupilahd xU gpNuuizapid kpfTk; nkd;ikahd xU gpNuuizahf

khw;Wtjw;F 'mikjpahd murpay; je;jpuj; jpwikapidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf

ehk; vkJ midj;J gyj;jpidAk; gad;gLj;jp vjpuhd xU gpNuuiziar; rku;g;gpj;Njhk;.



mq;F tpku;rfu;fspdhy; ntw;wpfukhd

xU gpNuuiz vdg; ngau; #l;lg;gl;l

mg;gpNuuiz I.eh.k.c. Nguitapy;

gpupf;fg;gl;l xU thf;nfLg;G %yk; (Mjuthf

29 ehLfSk; vjpuhf 12 ehLfSk; 06

ehLfs; thf;fspf;fhkYk; ,Ue;jd)

epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. vkJ murpayikg;Gr;

rl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s 13tJ

jpUj;jj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jk;

thf;FWjpaAk; mu;j;jKs;s tpjkhf

,t; ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuizapy;

'cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ. 2009 Mk; Mz;bd; ,t;

ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuizapd;" cs;slf;fk;

2012 Mk; kw;Wk; 2013 Mk; Mz;Lfspy;

I.eh.k.c. Nguitapdhy; vkf;nfjpuhf

epiwNtw;wg;gl;l gpNuuizfspy;

ngUk;ghYk; kPz;Lk; jhz;ltkhlj;

njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

Muk;g fhyq;fspy; top jtwpr;

nrd;wikahy; ,yq;ifg; NghuhspfSf;F

toq;fpa cjtpfisg; Gwf;fzpj;Jtpl;L

,e;jpah kl;LNk midj;J

ty;yuRfSf;fpilapYk; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj

,yq;ifapy; jdp ehL cUthf;Ftjw;F

epge;jidapd;wp vjpu;g;igj; njuptpj;Js;sJ.

Kf;fpakhd ,g; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf

jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtpw;F ,uz;lhtJ

rpe;jidnahd;W ,Ug;gjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

2009 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd; ehk;

vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s Nguoptpw;F fhuzk; If;fpa

mnkupf;fh> fdlh> gpupj;jhdpah> ,e;jpah {

jkpo;ehL my;yJ NtW ehLfsh? Vida

ntsp egu;fsh ? my;yJ Aj;jj;jpw;Fg;

gpd;duhd Mz;Lfspy; Mrpahtpd; mw;Gjk;

fhuzkhf Vw;gl;Ls;s mghf;fpak; epiwe;j

epiyikf;fhd fhuzk; vkf;F vjpu;g;Gj;

njuptpf;fpd;w ntspegu;fspd; cWjpaw;w

nfhs;iffsh? mt;thwpy;yhtpl;lhy; vkJ

nfhba vjpup ehNk vd;W ,yq;ifapd;

cWjpaw;w nfhs;iffs; cs;ehl;bYk;

ru;tNjr uPjpapYk; vkf;F jPq;F

tpistpj;Js;sJ vdf; $WtJ rupad;Nwh?

ehl;by; eilKiwapYs;s

rl;lq;fSf;fikaTk; vkJ murpayikg;Gr;

rl;l xOq;F tpjpfspd; fPOk; vkJ

murhq;fk; vkJ ehl;L gpui[fis rkkhf

kjpf;fpd;wJ vd Neu;ikahf vk;khy; $w

KbAkh? rl;lj;jpd; Kd; ehk; midtUk;

rkkhdtu;fsh? mt;thwpy;yhtpbd;

rpyu; 'kw;wtu;fis tpl rkkhdtu;fsh

? ,yq;if murhq;fk; ,dq;fisAk;

kjq;fisAk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;shJ midj;J

,yq;ifg; gpui[fisAk; xNu tpjkhff;

fUJfpwJ vd vk;khy; Neu;ikahff; $w

KbAkh? vkJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

vkJ midj;J rkaq;fSf;Fk; rk me;j];J

fpilf;fg; ngWfpwjh? ,yq;ifauhd ehk;

vkJ fz;fspYs;s njd;dk; guhiyiag;

ghu;g;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf kw;wtu;fspd;

fz;fspYs;s Njq;fha;j; JUk;igg;

ghu;g;gjpy; jpwikrhypfs; vd;gJ njupfpwJ!

ehk; vkJ ru;tNjrg; gq;fhspfSf;Fk;

rfhf;fSf;Fk; ek; ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk; xU

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; thf;FWjpaspg;gJ kw;nwhU

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mtw;iw kPWtjw;fhf

kl;LNk. tpNrlkhf> rpwpa ehl;bd;

cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;iff;F

mt;thwhd xU Neu;ikaw;w jd;ikapD}

lhfTk; Vkhw;WtjpD}lhfTk; mopahJ

epiyj;jpUf;f KbAkh?

ntspehLfs; vkJ ehl;bd; Njrpa ntspehLfs; vkJ ehl;bd; Njrpa

,iwikf;F kjpg;gspg;gjpy;iynadTk;> ,iwikf;F kjpg;gspg;gjpy;iynadTk;>

cs;ehl;L tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhj cs;ehl;L tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhj

nfhs;ifapid rpy ehLfs; nfhs;ifapid rpy ehLfs;

filg;gpbg;gjpy;iy vdTk;> muir> filg;gpbg;gjpy;iy vdTk;> muir>

ghJfhf;fpd;wtu;fs; $f;FuypLfpd;wdu;. ghJfhf;fpd;wtu;fs; $f;FuypLfpd;wdu;.

,iwik kw;Wk; ehLfspd; cs; ,iwik kw;Wk; ehLfspd; cs;

tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhikahdJ tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplhikahdJ

cz;ikapy; If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;jpy; cz;ikapy; If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd

Nfhl;ghLfshFk;. vt;thwhapDk; Nfhl;ghLfshFk;. vt;thwhapDk;

,iwikahdJ Kd;G vt;thW ,Ue;j ,iwikahdJ Kd;G vt;thW ,Ue;j

NghJk; mJ njhlu;e;Jk; vjpu;ghuhj NghJk; mJ njhlu;e;Jk; vjpu;ghuhj

(KOikahd) xU ngWkjpapidf; (KOikahd) xU ngWkjpapidf;

nfhz;ljy;y. ,iwik vd;gJ kf;fNs nfhz;ljy;y. ,iwik vd;gJ kf;fNs

md;wp muR my;y. ,J vg;NghJk; kdjpw; md;wp muR my;y. ,J vg;NghJk; kdjpw;

nfhs;s Ntz;ba gpujhd xU tplakhFk;. nfhs;s Ntz;ba gpujhd xU tplakhFk;.

2009 Nk khjk; njhlf;fk; vkJ

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghL kw;Wk;

nraw;ghbd;ik vd;gd %yk;

ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd vkJ Kaw;rpfs;

nefpo;Tj; jd;ikAila kdg;ghq;fpidNa

ehk; fhl;bAs;Nshk; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.

MfNt> ehk; vkJ ez;gu;fspdJk;

vjpupfspdJk; xNu tpjkhd vjpu;g;gpid

tutioj;Js;Nshk;. jkpo; ehl;by;

,yq;iff;Fk; ,yq;if kf;fSf;Fk;

vjpuhf ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s vjpu;g;Gfs;

Muk;gkhtjw;F gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;

,yq;if ,e;ehl;bd; mjpfhug; gfpu;T

gpur;rpidAld; jPq;fhd xU tpisahl;by;

<Lgl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j ehl;Lg; gpui[fshd

ehk; mwpe;J itj;Js;sthW ,yq;ifapd;

jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd

vkJ murpayikg;Gr;

rl;lj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s

13tJ jpUj;jj;ij

eilKiwg;gLj;jk;

thf;FWjpaAk;

mu;j;jKs;s tpjkhf ,t;

ntw;wpfukhd gpNuuizapy;

'cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ.

2009 Mk; Mz;bd;

,t; ntw;wpfukhd

gpNuuizapd;" cs;slf;fk;

2012 Mk; kw;Wk; 2013 Mk;

Mz;Lfspy; I.eh.k.c.

Nguitapdhy; vkf;nfjpuhf

epiwNtw;wg;gl;l

gpNuuizfspy; ngUk;ghYk;

kPz;Lk; jhz;ltkhlj;

njhlq;fpAs;sJ.



,e;jpah kl;LNk midj;J

ty;yuRfSf;fpilapYk;

Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj

,yq;ifapy; jdp

ehL cUthf;Ftjw;F

epge;jidapd;wp vjpu;g;igj;

njuptpj;Js;sJ.

Kf;fpakhd ,g; gpur;rpid

njhlu;ghf jw;NghJ

,e;jpahtpw;F ,uz;lhtJ

rpe;jidnahd;W

,Ug;gjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

Xu; cWg;gpdu; 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gj;

jpUj;jj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.

Gdu;tho;Tk; Gdu; epu;khzKk;

njhlu;ghd Jiwfspy; ,yq;if vt;thwhd

xU Kd;Ndw;wj;ij va;jpAs;sJ?

,q;F tif $wy; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fk;

vd;gtw;iw xd;whf fyj;jy; gadw;wJ

Nghd;Nw Gdu;epu;khdk; Gdu;tho;T

vd;gtw;iw xd;whff; fyj;jYk;

gadw;wJ vd ehd; vz;ZfpNwd;.

,Wjpf; fzpg;gPl;bd; gb Gdu; epu;khzk;>

Gdu;tho;T> tif $wy; kw;Wk;

ey;ypzf;fk; vd;gd cz;ikapy;

xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;jitahFk;.

re;Njfkpd;wp ,j; ehd;F nraw;ghLfspYk;

tif $wy; vd;gNj cw;rhfkpof;ff;

$baJk; rthy;kpf;fJkhd nraw;ghlhFk;.

tif $wiy Nehf;Fkplj;J cs;ehl;L

kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf;F tpku;rfu;fs; ,yq;if

njhlu;ghf rkepiyaw;w tpjj;jpy; fhY}

d;wpapUg;gjhf ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.

,we;jfhyj; jtWfspypUe;J cUthFk;

Fopfisj; jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F

vkf;F cjtp GupAk; re;ju;g;gj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tij tpLj;J vk;ik

mjw;Fs; rpiwg;gLj;jp tplf; $lhJ.

khDl kw;Wk; nrad;Kiw Mfpa

,U tifapdJk; fhuzq;fspdhy;

Gdu; epu;khzk; ,yq;if njhlu;ghf

Kd;Dupik tfpf;fpwJ. Aj;jj;jpdhy;

moptile;j tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F

khfhzq;fspy; kpfTk; mtrukhd

kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; tYf;fl;lhakhf

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;banjhd;whFk;. ,r;

nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ gpuNjrj;ijr; Nru;e;j

kf;fSk; mtu;fspypUe;J njupT nra;ag;gl;l

gpujpepjpfSk; me; eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;tJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhFk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

tlkhfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F

jpl;lkpl;L mJ gw;wp mwptpf;fg;gl;lik

rupahd jpiria Nehf;fp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

xU efu;thFk;. ,j; Nju;jy; Rje;jpukhdJk;

epahakhdJkhd xU Nju;jyhf

mikAnkd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

Gdu;tho;T Kd;dzpapy; gy

tplaq;fis mile;J nfhs;s KbAkhf

,Ue;j NghjpYk; NkYk; gy tplaq;fis

epiwNtw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. epyf;fd;dp

ntbfis mfw;Wjy;> vy;uPuP< rpWtu;

giltPuu;fSf;fhd ftdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

re;Njfj;jpd; Ngupy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;s

vy;uPuP< cWg;gpdu;fs; rpyiu tpLjiy

nra;jy; vd;gd tuNtw;fg;gl Ntz;ba

eltbf;iffs; MFk;. vd;gJld;

,Jtiuapy; murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s

eltbf;iffs; ghuhl;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

cz;ikapNyNa fbdkhdhYk; $l

Kd;dhy; rpNu\;l vy;uPuP< cWg;gpdu;fSs;

rpyiu ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; epWj;JtJ

njhlu;ghf cupa eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;s nrayhw;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Aj;juk; Kbtile;J ehd;F Mz;Lfs;

fle;j NghJk; fhzhkw; Nghdjhf my;yJ

,we;J Nghdjhf ek;gg;gLk; egu;fis

,Jtiu vk;khy; milahsq; fhz

KbahJs;sJ. ,J ehk; ,aYkhd tiu

NtfkhfTk; kdpjhgpkhd uPjpahfTk;

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba kpf

Kf;fpakhd xU JiwahFk;. ,jd;

%yk; mtu;fsJ fpl;ba cwtpdu;fis

mtu;fs; ,oe;j czu;tpid

,y;yhnjhopf;ff;$bajhapUf;Fk;. ehk;

xd;wpy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;s re;Njf

egu;fSf;F vjpuhf murhq;fj;jpw;nfjpuhfr;

nraw;gl;l Fw;wj;jpd; fPo; Fw;wr;rhl;L

tpjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ

rpiwapLtjw;Fg; Nghjpa rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhj

NghJ mtu;fis tpLjiy nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

Aj;jj;jpd; Nguoptpdhy; mope;J Nghd

vkJ kf;fSf;F cjtp nra;tJ gw;wp

ehk; rpe;jpg;gjhapd;> Gdu;tho;T gw;wpa

rpf;fyhd ,j;Jiw njhlu;ghf nghWg;GlDk;

jhkjkpd;wpAk; jiyapLtJ mtrpakhff;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. jkJ gps;isfSs;

rpyu; ,we;Js;shu;fsh my;yJ capu;

tho;fpd;whu;fsh vd mwpe;J nfhs;StJ

ngw;NwhuJ NjitahfTs;sJ. mtu;fsJ

fztu;fSf;Fk; kidtpau;fSf;Fk; jkJ

kidtp my;yJ fztu; ,we;Js;shuh?

my;yJ capu; tho;fpd;whuh? vd mwpa

mththfTs;sdu;. mt;thNw cwtpdu;fs;

mtu;fsJ cw;whu; cwtpdu;fs;

ez;gu;fs; MfpNahupilNa vj;jid

Ngu; capu; jg;gpAs;sdu; ? vj;jid Ngu;

kuzkile;Js;sdu; vdj; njupe;Jnfhs;sj;

Njitahf cs;sdu;.

ey;ypzf;fk; njhlu;ghd Kd;dzpapy; ey;ypzf;fk; njhlu;ghd Kd;dzpapy;

,yq;if mile;Js;s Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ ,yq;if mile;Js;s Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ

kpf ke;jkhdjhFk;. njd;wy; fhw;W kpf ke;jkhdjhFk;. njd;wy; fhw;W

jOtpf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;W Njrpa jOtpf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;W Njrpa

ey;ypzf;fj;jpid xNu ehspy; Vw;gLj;j ey;ypzf;fj;jpid xNu ehspy; Vw;gLj;j



jkpo; ehl;by; ,yq;iff;Fk;

,yq;if kf;fSf;Fk;

vjpuhf ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s

vjpu;g;Gfs; Muk;gkhtjw;F

gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;

,yq;if ,e;ehl;bd; mjpfhug;

gfpu;T gpur;rpidAld;

jPq;fhd xU tpisahl;by;

<Lgl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j

ehl;Lg; gpui[fshd ehk;

mwpe;J itj;Js;sthW

,yq;ifapd; jw;Nghija

murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd

Xu; cWg;gpdu; 13 MtJ

murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpid

mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.

KbAnkd;W vtUk; vjpu;ghu;f;ftpy;iy! KbAnkd;W vtUk; vjpu;ghu;f;ftpy;iy!

MapDk; Aj;jj;jpd; Rkhu; 4 tUlq;fs; MapDk; Aj;jj;jpd; Rkhu; 4 tUlq;fs;

fle;jjd; gpd;> ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;F top fle;jjd; gpd;> ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;F top

tFf;Fk; ePz;lfhyj;jpy; Fzg;gLj;Jk; tFf;Fk; ePz;lfhyj;jpy; Fzg;gLj;Jk;

mr; nrad;Kiwapd; Jtf;fkhtJ mr; nrad;Kiwapd; Jtf;fkhtJ

Mf;f Fiwe;jJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl Mf;f Fiwe;jJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,yq;if njhlu;ghf Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,yq;if njhlu;ghf

vOjpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd vOj;jhsu;fs; vOjpAs;s ngUk;ghyhd vOj;jhsu;fs;

tiuaiwapd;wp Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sjw;F tiuaiwapd;wp Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sjw;F

Vw;g fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;f Vw;g fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;f

Mizf;FOtpd; gpujhd gupe;Jiufs; $l Mizf;FOtpd; gpujhd gupe;Jiufs; $l

,Jtiu nraw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,Jtiu nraw;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

MfNt n[dPthtpypUe;J Vida

,lq;fspypUe;Jk; vOfpd;w mOj;jq;fisg;

gw;wp ehk; Mr;rupag;glj; Njitapy;iy.

ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhf cs;ehl;by;

cUthf;fg;gl;l xU nghwpKiwia

Vw;gLj;jiy Gwf;fzpj;jikapdhNyNa

,t; mOj;jk; NknyOfpwJ. mjw;fhd

xU #j;jpuj;ij jahupj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf

,yq;if ' fhyj;ijAk; mtfhrj;ijAk;"

Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lJld; mf; Nfhupf;iff;F

mq;fPfhuk; fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. ru;tfl;rp

gpujpepjpfs; FO Nghy; md;wp fw;w

ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;fKk; gw;wpa

Mizf;FO rpukg;gl;L gf;fr;rhu;gw;w

gupe;Jiufisj; jahupj;jJ. jw;NghJ ,g;

gupe;Jiufis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf

goq;fijfspy; tUk; xyptu; l;tp];l;

Nghd;W murhq;fk; Nkyjpfkhff; Nfl;fpwJ.

gupe;Jiufis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F Nkyjpf

'fhyj;ijAk; mtfhrj;ijAk; NfhUfpwJ.

ehk; mbg;gilthjj;jpdbg;gilapy;

nraw;gLtjw;Fk; vkJ ru;tNjr

gq;fhspfSf;F ehk; mspj;j thf;FWjpfis

epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk; njhlu;e;Jk;

jtwpaikapd; fhuzkhf vOfpd;w

mz;ikf;fhy ntspAwTf; nfhs;if

ruptiljyhdJ vkJ ntspehl;L

cwTfspy; (mikr;ru; gPup]pd;

thrfq;fs; ,q;F NtW xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ) 'cld;ghlw;w"

fUj;J Kuz;ghL kw;Wk; td;Kiw

vd;gtw;Wf;fhd ce;Jjyhf cs;snjd

ehd; $WfpNwd;. jhkjpj;NjDk; ,t;

,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; $l 2009 Mk; Mz;L Nk

khj;jpd; gpd; ehk; tpOe;jpUe;j kpfg; ngUk;

uh[je;jpu mnrsfupj;jpypUe;J kPs;tjw;F

ehk; jpwik ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ,k; Kaw;rpia

xU Njrpa Kd;Dupikahff; fUj

Ntz;bAs;sJld; mJ murhq;fj;jplNkh

my;yJ murpay;thjpfsplNkh khj;jpuk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xU fhupaky;y.

ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifAk; mjd;

cs;ehl;L nfhs;iffSk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W

,ize;jjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.

If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpd; nrdl; rig

cWg;gpdu; ypz;l;Nr fpu`k; cWjpahf

mtjhdpj;Js;sthW 'ntspAwTf;

nfhs;ifapDs; KjyPL nra;tJ Njrpa

ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd xU fhg;GWjpahFk;."

gpujku; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; gpujku; rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd;

ntspAwTf; nfhs;if Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j ntspAwTf; nfhs;if Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j

rkepiy njhlu;ghd Nfhl;ghL vkJ rkepiy njhlu;ghd Nfhl;ghL vkJ

jw;Nghija ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapy; jw;Nghija ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapy;

,y;yhik njspthfj; njupfpwJ. ,y;yhik njspthfj; njupfpwJ.

[dhjpgjp [atu;jd mtuJ gjtpf; [dhjpgjp [atu;jd mtuJ gjtpf;

fhyj;jpd; NghJ jdf;F Kd;dpUe;jtu; fhyj;jpd; NghJ jdf;F Kd;dpUe;jtu;

gpd;gw;wpa rkepiyahd ntspehl;Lf; gpd;gw;wpa rkepiyahd ntspehl;Lf;

nfhs;ifapypUe;J %lj;jdkhf nfhs;ifapypUe;J %lj;jdkhf

tpyfpr; nrd;whu;. njl;lj; njspthd ,t; tpyfpr; nrd;whu;. njl;lj; njspthd ,t;

,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf mtUk; mtuJ ,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf mtUk; mtuJ

murhq;fk; kl;Lkd;wp KO ,yq;ifAk; murhq;fk; kl;Lkd;wp KO ,yq;ifAk;

mjd; tpistpid vjpu;nfhz;lJ. mjd; tpistpid vjpu;nfhz;lJ.

mikr;ru; yf;\;kd; fjpu;fhku; vkJ

ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifapy; Fwpj;j

Nju;r;rpkpf;f rkepiyapid kPs epWtpa

NghjpYk; mtiu fz;%bj;jdkhfg;

gpd;njhlu;e;j kdpj [e;Jf;fs; 'ajhu;j;jthj"

rkepiyaw;w jd;ikf;fhf mjid

iftpl;ldu;. rkepiyahd kw;Wk; Nju;r;rp

kpf;f ntspehl;L nfhs;if njhlu;ghd

vkJ gpd;diltpdhy; cUthfpd;w ghjf

tpisTfisNa ehk; ,d;W mDgtpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. jw;Nghija vkJ

murhq;fk; rkepiyaw;w ntspehl;Lf;

nfhs;ifia njhlu;e;Jk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;;F

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Skhapd; 1980

fisg; Nghd;W kw;WnkhU jlit KO

,yq;ifAk; Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpf;f

NeupLk;. murhq;fq;fs; te;J Nghfyhk;.

MdhYk; ,yq;if Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazk;

nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. MfNt mz;ikf;

fhykhf ,yq;if %o;fpAs;s mghafukhd

epiyikapypUe;J kPs cjTtjw;F

,yq;ifau;fshd vk; midtUf;Fk;

xU Kf;fpakhd tfpghfk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Njitahd NghJ vOe;J epw;gjw;F ehk;

fhl;Lk; mrke;jg; Nghf;F ,yq;ifia rpf;fy; ,yq;ifia rpf;fy;

kpf;fJk; Kuz;ghLilaJkhd xU rJg;G kpf;fJk; Kuz;ghLilaJkhd xU rJg;G

epyj;jpd;> Moj;jpw;Nf ,l;Lr; nry;tjw;F epyj;jpd;> Moj;jpw;Nf ,l;Lr; nry;tjw;F

toptFf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapd; tho;f;ifr; toptFf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapd; tho;f;ifr;

rf;fuj;jpd; 21 MtJ E}w;whz;bd; xU rf;fuj;jpd; 21 MtJ E}w;whz;bd; xU

Njrkhf khw;Wtjw;fhf nrayhw;Wtjw;fhd Njrkhf khw;Wtjw;fhf nrayhw;Wtjw;fhd

fhyk; jw;NghJ cUthfpAs;sJ. fhyk; jw;NghJ cUthfpAs;sJ.



nkjfk jk;kh ee;j Njuh;fz;b m];fphpa kfh tp`hiuapd; epiwNtw;Wf; FO cWg;gpdh;.

khfhzq;fSf;F mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tJ gw;wpa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fsJ fUj;J ahJ?

Phot

o so

urce

:ww

w.n

ewsfi

rst.l

k / m

adaw

alan

ews.c

om

m];fpup kw;Wk; ky;tj;J Njuh;fs;

30 Mz;Lfhyk; vkJ jha;ehl;by; MAj gyj;ijf; nfhz;L Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;l

gputpidthjj;ij xopj;jik njhlh;ghf ,yq;if tho; midj;J kf;fsJk; ed;wpfs;

jw;Nghija muRf;F fpilf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; khw;Wf;fUj;J vJTk; fpilahJ. ehl;by;

epytpa gaq;futhj Aj;jj;ij KbTf;F nfhz;Ltu jw;Nghija murhq;fk; jpwik ngw;w

NghjpYk; rh;tNjr hPjpapy; nraw;gLk; gputpidthj Aj;jj;ij KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu ,Jtiu

KbahJ NghAs;sJ. gy;NtW jpl;lq;fs; %yk; Gypg; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F MjuT toq;fpa

ehLfis topf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu vkJ murhq;fk; jtwpAs;sJ. me;j ehLfNs ehLfle;j jkpo;

gphptpid thjpfSf;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;gpd; murpay;thjpfSf;Fk;

nraw;ghl;Lg; gyj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd. jkJ Nehf;fq;fis ve;j tifapYk; iftplhjjd;

fhuzkhfNt Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfs; nghUshjhuk;> murpay;> rka kw;Wk; fyhrhuk;

vd;gtw;wpy; CLWTfpd;wdh;.

ntspg;gilahf rkhjhdj;ijg; gw;wpf; fijj;jhYk; vkJ ehl;bd; kPJ jiyapLk;

me;ehLfs; vkJ ehl;by; rkhjhdj;ij vjph;ghh;;f;ftpy;iy. rkhjhdj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf ehl;bd;

Aj;jj;jpw;F vz;nza; thh;f;fpd;wdh;. gaq;futhjk; Kbtile;j NghJk; jkpo; kf;fspd;

mgpyhi\fis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; tlkhfhz rigia mikg;gjw;F vkJ

murhq;fj;jpid tw;GWj;Jtjw;Ff; fhuzk; me; Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhFk;.

rpq;fs> jkpo;> kw;Wk; gwq;fpau; vd midtiuAk; xd;wpize;j ,yq;ifia

cUthf;Ffpd;w mNj Neuk; jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk; kf;fs; ,dhPjpahf eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; rl;ltpjpfs;><ok; kw;Wk; Ral;rp chpikfs; vd;gtw;iwg; ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;Fk; Nguhl;lj;jpid Nkw;Fyf ehLfs; njhlh;e;Jk; mKy;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd. ,e;

epiyikapidg; Ghpe;J nfhz;ljdhy; jhd; rh;tNjrj;jpd; NjitfSf;F fPo;g;gba



Ntz;lhnkd ngsj;j Njuh;fSk; Njrg;gw;Ws;s rpq;fs kf;fSk; murhq;fj;ij

tw;GWj;Jfpd;wdh;.

,Jtiu gjtp tfpj;j murhq;fq;fis tpl [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\tpd; murhq;fk;

ehl;bd; xUikg;ghL njhlh;ghf Xustpw;NfDk; ehl;by; ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd; FuYf;F nrtp

rha;g;gjhfj; njhpfpwJ. MapDk; me; epiyg;ghl;bidj; njhlh;;e;Jk; Ngz KbAkh vdf; $w

KbahJ. mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; cs;sd. ehl;bd; nghUshjhuk; ntspehl;Ljtpfs; kw;Wk;

fld;fspy; jq;fpapUg;gJ KjyhtJ fhuzpahFk;. Gypg; gaq;futhjk; epytpa fhyq;fspy;

rh;tNjr vd;.[P.Xf;fspd; epjpiag; ngw;W Nghypahd ghj ahj;jpiufis Nkw;nfhz;l>

GypfSf;F Mjuthf ,Ue;j ,opthd murpay;thjpfSk; kf;fs; gyk; Fd;wpa ,lJrhhpfs;

rpyUk; murhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L [dhjpgjpapd; jiyikapyhd murhq;fj;jpw;F

neUf;fbfisf; nfhLg;gJ ,uz;lhtJ fhuzpahFk;. kfpe;j uh[gf;\ murhq;fk;

gaq;futhjj;jpw;nfjpuhf Aj;jk; Nkw;nfhz;l re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjw;F Cf;fkspj;j rpq;fs

kf;fSf;F jPtputhj ,dthj Kj;jpiu Fj;jpa Fwpj;j FOf;fs; Aj;jk; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;ljd;

gpd; kdpjhgpkhd Aj;j ntw;wpapd; gq;fhsh;fshf jk;ik milahsq; fhl;bdhh;fs;. 13 MtJ

jpUj;jj;jpw;fika vjph;fhyj;jpy; tl khfhz rig cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ fhzp kw;Wk;

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLfpd;w neUf;fbfs; gw;wpf; fijf;Fk; Njuh;fs;

Njrg;gw;Ws;s egh;fs; kw;Wk; eLepiy nraw;ghL nfhz;l Gj;jp[Ptpfs; MfpNahUf;F ,dthj

kw;Wk; jPtputhj Kj;jpiuiag; gjpg;gjw;F mth;fs; kPz;Lk; Kd;te;Js;sdh;.

ehl;by; mikjpia epiyehl;Ltjpw;F ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tplaq;fs;

njhlh;ghf rpq;fs kw;Wk; ngsj;j r%fj;jpd; nghWg;G tha;e;j Njuh;fs; gaq;futhj

Nkhjy;fs; eilngw;w re;jh;g;gk; Kjy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; Nkw;gb Mgj;Jf;fis Rl;bf;

fhl;bdhh;fs;. ehl;bw;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; xd;wpid ngsj;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl ehl;L kf;fs;

vjph;g;gjhdJ murhq;fj;jw;Nfh my;yJ xU ,dj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhd xU vjph;g;G md;wp

jha; ehl;bd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xU eltbf;ifahFk;. mjid VNjDnkhU

,dg; gphptpdUf;F vjpuhd xd;whf rpj;jhpj;Jf; fhl;LtJ xU JNuhfr; nrayhFk;. ehl;bd; ehl;bd;

xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhf ngsj;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl rpq;fsth;fs; tpLf;Fk; Fuy;fis Gwf;fzpf;Fk; xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhf ngsj;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl rpq;fsth;fs; tpLf;Fk; Fuy;fis Gwf;fzpf;Fk;

xU jd;ik fle;j fhyq;fs; G+uhf vkJ Ml;rpahsh;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJ. jw;Nghija xU jd;ik fle;j fhyq;fs; G+uhf vkJ Ml;rpahsh;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJ. jw;Nghija

Ml;rpapd; fPo; mJ Xustpw;NfDk; khw;wkile;jpUf;fpwJ. Ml;rpapd; fPo; mJ Xustpw;NfDk; khw;wkile;jpUf;fpwJ.

jpU. N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fspd; murhq;fk; 1984 y; Ie;J jkpo; ,af;fq;fis khj;jpuk;

,izj;Jf;nfhz;L tl;lNkir khehl;il Muk;gpj;jJ. rpq;fs kf;fis Xuq;fl;LtJ

epahakw;wJ vd rl;bf; fhl;bajd; gpd;Ng rpq;fs ,af;fq;fSf;Fk; vkJ kfhehaf;f

Njuh;fSf;Fk; mjpy; gq;Fgw;w re;jh;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1987y; xUjiyg;gll;rkhfNt ,e;jpa

,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. MfNt> mJ ghhpa moptpw;Ff; fhuzkhaike;jJ.

ntsprf;jpfs; jkJ NjitfSf;Nfw;g vkJ ehl;bd; vjph;fhyk; njhlh;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; vkJ ehl;bd; vjph;fhyk; njhlh;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

jPh;khdq;fSf;F eLepiyf; nfhs;iffisAila rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];ypk; Mfpa ve;jnthU jPh;khdq;fSf;F eLepiyf; nfhs;iffisAila rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];ypk; Mfpa ve;jnthU

FOTk; mDkjp toq;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. gjtpNkhfk; gpbj;j FWfpa Nehf;fKilath;fs; FOTk; mDkjp toq;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. gjtpNkhfk; gpbj;j FWfpa Nehf;fKilath;fs;

khj;jpuNk mjid tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ,Jjhd; tuyhW G+uhfTk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. khj;jpuNk mjid tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ,Jjhd; tuyhW G+uhfTk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

ngsj;j Njuh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg; Gwe;js;sp tpl;L 1995 Mf]; khjk; 03 Mk; jpfjp

mg;Nghija [dhjpgjp mjpfhug; gfph;T njhlh;ghd jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;ij rkh;g;gpj;jhh;. rpq;fsth;fs;

mbikfshf;f Ntz;lhk; vdTk; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUf;Fk; xw;iwahl;rpapd; fPo;

tho;tjw;Fj; Njithad eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; vdTk; m];fphp kfhehaf;f

Njuh; md;W mJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. “,yq;ifapd; Guhjd” Nkd;ikahd rpq;fs ngsj;j

kf;fspd; kuGhpik> %g;Gepiy kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtk; vd;gtw;iwg; ghJfhj;J Vida midj;J

,yq;ifah;fSf;Fk; epahak; fpilf;fpd;wthW rkj;Jtk; kpf;f xU ehl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;g

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspd; Ntz;LNfhshFk;.

(jptapd 1995 ngg;uthp 04) murpay; jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;ijr; rkh;g;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dh; 1995 Mk;

Mz;L [Piy 25 Mk; jpfjp Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpf;F mDg;gp itj;j fbjj;jpy; tpNrl ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kw;Wk; 1978 Mk; Mz;bd; murpayikg;gr; rl;lj;jpy; khw;wf; $lhj

tplaq;fs; vd;gd gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jdh;. 1 muR> 2 xw;iwahl;rp> 3 kf;fspd; ,iwik> 4

,iwikiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;> 5 Fbaurpd; Ms;Gyd;;> 6. Njrpaf; nfhb 7 Njrpa fPjk; 8> Njrpa

jpdk; Mfpad njhlh;ghd ghjf tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w jPh;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;lhnkd mf; fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp mf; Nfhhpf;iffisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shJ vt;thwhd

,Jtiu gjtp tfpj;j

murhq;fq;fis tpl

[dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\

tpd; murhq;fk; ehl;bd;

xUikg;ghL njhlh;ghf

Xustpw;NfDk; ehl;by;

ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd;

FuYf;F nrtp rha;g;gjhfj;

njhpfpwJ. MapDk; me;

epiyg;ghl;bidj; njhlh;;e;Jk;

Ngz KbAkh vdf; $w

KbahJ.



13 MtJ jpUj;jj;jpw;fika

vjph;fhyj;jpy; tl khfhz rig

cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ fhzp

kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;

toq;fg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLfpd;w

neUf;fbfs; gw;wpf; fijf;Fk;

Njuh;fs; Njrg;gw;Ws;s egh;fs;

kw;Wk; eLepiy nraw;ghL

nfhz;l Gj;jp[Ptpfs; MfpNahUf;F

,dthj kw;Wk; jPtputhj

Kj;jpiuiag; gjpg;gjw;F mth;fs;

kPz;Lk; Kd;te;Js;sdh;.

jilfs; te;jhYk; murpay; jPh;tpid toq;Ftjhff; $wpr; nraw;gl;lhh;. mj; jPh;Tj;

jpl;lk; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpidg;

ngwhky; 2000 Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; khjk; mth; Gjpa xU murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ijr;

rkh;g;gpj;J kPz;Lk; Kd;ida jtwpidg; Ghpe;jhh;. murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ijj; Njhw;fbf;f

njUf;fspy; nrj;J kbAk; tiu vjph;g;gpidj; njhptpg;gjhf mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa m];fphp

kfhehaf;f Njuh; mth;fs; $wpdhh;. Mt; murpayikg;gpd; %yg; gpujpapy; ngsj;j

kjj;jpw;F Kd;Dhpikaspf;fg;gly; vd;w gphpTk; tpLgl;bUe;jJ. Njuh;fSf;F epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuk; ,y;iynad rpy mikr;rh;fs; md;W ntw;Wg;Ngr;Rf;fs; NgrpdhYk; Njuh;fspd;

vjph;g;gpd; Kd; cj;Njr murpayikg;G gpd;Ndhf;fpj;js;sg;gl;lJ. Muk;gj;jpy; mjw;F

Mjuthf ,Ue;j If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp re;jh;g;gj;jpw;F Vw;g Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpid mDrhpj;J

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; murpayikg;gpw;F jP itj;jdh;. ehl;bd; xUikg;ghL rkhjhdk; vd;w

tplaq;fspd; NghJ Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpw;F nrtprha;f;fg;gl;ly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,jd; %yk;

cWjpnra;ag;gLfpwJ.

“tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJ njhlh;ghf “tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJ njhlh;ghf

kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspdJk; ngsj;j ,af;fq;fspdJk; vjph;g;G jw;NghJ njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspdJk; ngsj;j ,af;fq;fspdJk; vjph;g;G jw;NghJ njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mjid Gwe;js;sp eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ murpay; hPjpahf murhq;fj;jpw;F cfe;jjy;y. mjid Gwe;js;sp eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tJ murpay; hPjpahf murhq;fj;jpw;F cfe;jjy;y.

murhq;fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FOf;fSf;F ,irtjh? My;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijf; murhq;fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l FOf;fSf;F ,irtjh? My;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijf;

nfhz;Ls;s FOf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F fl;Lg;gLtjh? vdj; jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. khfhz nfhz;Ls;s FOf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F fl;Lg;gLtjh? vdj; jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. khfhz

rigfSf;fg; gjpyhf ,iztjw;fhd mjpfhukw;w khtl;l rigfis epWTtjd; %yk; rigfSf;fg; gjpyhf ,iztjw;fhd mjpfhukw;w khtl;l rigfis epWTtjd; %yk;

murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,dq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,dq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

mjpfhuk; gfpug;gly; $lhJ. md;W NghyNt ,d;Wk; kfh ehaf;f Njuh;fspd; fUj;J mjpfhuk; gfpug;gly; $lhJ. md;W NghyNt ,d;Wk; kfh ehaf;f Njuh;fspd; fUj;J

,JthFk;.,JthFk;.

1984 Mk; Mz;bd; tl;lNkirf; fye;Jiuahlypd; NghJ jkpoh;fsJ kl;Lkd;wp

midj;J ,dq;fspdJk; FiwghLfs; jPh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;W $wg;gl;ljw;F jpU.

V. mkh;jypq;fk; jdJ fLk; vjph;g;igj; njhptpj;jhh;. mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa gspg;ghd =

re;jhde;j Njuh;> kbNf gQ;QhrP` Njuh;> ty;nghy uh P̀y Njuh; MfpNahh; rpq;fsth;fSf;F

Neh;e;Js;s mePjpfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;b mth;fsJ mtyq;fis rkh;g;gpj;jdh;. jhpR epyr;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; kiyehl;Lr; kiyehl;Lr; rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk; md;W epfo;e;j mePjpfisak; Rl;bf;

fhl;bdhh;fs;. njw;fpd; ,isQh;fs; jkf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpapd fhuzkhfNt ,uz;L

jlitfs; fpsh;e;njOe;jdh;. mit vjph;fhyj;jpy; kPz;Lk; ,lk; ngwyhk;. rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd

jPh;tpidf; fhZk; NghJ jkpo; ,dj;ijg; gw;wp jPh;tpidf; fhZk; NghJ jkpo; ,dj;ijg; gw;wp kl;Lk; rpe;jpg;gJ jtwhFk;. cyfpd; Vida

Rje;jpu FbauRfs; NghyNt ekf;Fk; RanfsutKk; Rakjpg;Gk; cs;sJ. ve;jtpjkhd xU

ntspehl;L rf;jpf;Fk; ek;ikg; gaKWj;j KbahJ. Ra khpahijAld; nrj;J kba ehq;fSk;

jahh;. Nfhioahf tho;tij tpl Aj;jj;jpy; ,we;J NghtNj Nky; vd ehaf;f Njuh;fs; Rl;bf;

fhl;bdh;.

mjd;NghJ jpU. Mkph;jypq;fk; ,e;j taJ Kjph;e;j Njuh;fs; vd;d $Wfpwhh;fs;?

vdTk; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfis kl;Lk; ,q;F NgRtJ NghJkhdJ vdTk; kpFe;j

Nfhgj;Jld; mjp tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;fh;fisj; jpl;bdhh;. Mjw;F vjph;g;Gj; njhptpj;J

jpU. jpNd\; Fzth;jd jpU. fhkpdp <hpa nfhy;y cl;gl midj;J ngsj;jg; gpujpepjpfSk;

tl;lNkirapypUe;J ntspNawpdh;. khtl;l mgptpUj;jp rigfSf;f mur rigfs; vdg;

ngahpl;L tpUk;gpd; ,izAk; mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;l mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;tjw;F If;fpa

Njrpaf; fl;rp tl;lNkirf; fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ Nahrid njhptpj;jJ. mur rigfs; vd;gJ

ghuJ}ukhdJ. MfNt Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; gpupg;gjw;fhf cg mur rig vd;w nrhy;iy ,l;L

khtl;l mgptpUj;jp rig Kiwikapd; fPo; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpuTk;. mtw;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk;

mjpfhuq;fs; fye;Jiuahlg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. vd;gJ tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f

Njuh;fspdhy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l NahridahFk;. xw;iwahl;rpapypUe;J xU mq;Fyk;

G+kpiaf; $lj; Jz;lhb Rahl;rpf;fhf vtUf;Fk; nfhLg;gjw;F ehk; jahh; ,y;iy vd mjp

tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fs; cWjpahf typAWj;jpAs;sdh;. kfhehaf;fh;fs; cl;gl

ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fsJ ,d;iwa fUj;Jk; mJNt.

ehl;by; neUf;fb epiyikfs; Vw;gLtijj;jtpg;gjw;F mur jiyth;fs; mt;tg;NghJ

tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f Njuh;fisr; re;jpj;J ehl;L epiyikfs; gw;wpAk; vjph;fhyj;

jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpAk; njspT gLj;Jth;. MapDk; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mth;fs; njhptpj;j fUj;Jf;fs;

chpathW kf;fsplj;jpy; nry;ytpy;iy Rdhkp $l;bizg;G nghwpKiw vd;w ngahpy ;



Muk;gj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L gpd;dh; mjd; fhurhuj;ijf; Fiwj;J Rdhkp epthuzr; rig

vd;w ngaupy; ehl;bd; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L kPl;lh; fhzpj;Jz;L

xd;W Njuh;fs; cl;gl ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fspd; vjph;g;gpidAk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ xJf;fpf;

nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

mur ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf tlf;F fpof;F flw;gug;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Rdhkpahy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjr ,d cs;slf;fk;> gphptpidthjpfs; gyte;jkhf gpbj;J itj;jpUe;j

G+kpapd; msT kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf mth;fSf;F xg;gilf;fg;gl;l G+kp kw;Wk;

mjpfhuk; vd;gd gw;wp rpe;jpf;Fk; NghJ KO ehl;ilAk; Vkhw;wp Rdhkpapd; epthuz

rig vd;w ufrpa Mtzj;jpd; %yk; Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp vkJ jha;ehl;bd; xU gFjpia

gaq;futhjpfSf;F jhiuthh;j;jij ehk; kwf;ff;$lhJ. gjtp Nkhfk; nfhz;L tPz;Ngr;R

NgRk; murpay; thjpfs; vijg; NgrpdhYk; ehl;Lf;Fk; ,dj;jpw;Fk; ngsj;j kjj;jpw;Fk; ghjpg;G

Vw;gLtij mwpe;j Njuh;fs; cl;gl rpq;fs kf;fs; vjph;f;fhyj;jpy; vw;glg;NghFk; moptpid

czh;e;jjdhy; mjw;nfjpuhf fpsu;e;njOe;jdh;.

1987 mk; Mz;bd; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs;

,izf;fg;gl;likahy; jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspilNaAk; gpsT Vw;gl;lJ. capiug; ghJfhf;f

jg;gpNahba K];ypk;fspd; fhzpfs; gaq;futhjpfspdhy; ifg;gw;wg;gly;> mth;fsJ tay;

epyq;fSf;fhf gaq;futhjpfs; fg;gk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; vd;gd fhuzkhf K];ypk;fs;

Nfhgg;gl;ldu;. tlf;Ff; fpof;fpid jkpoh;fs; thOk; G+kpnad kl;Lk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit

K];ypk;fs; jkf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpahfNt fUjpdhh;fs;. tlf;Ff; fpof;F Gzh;tho;T

eltbf;iffis nghWg;Ngw;w murpay; thjpfs; jkJ jug;gpdUf;F kl;Lk; mDruiz

toq;Fjy; jkpo; kf;fspd; mjpUg;jpf;F fhuzkha; mike;jJ. ,f; Nfhgjhgq;fis

,y;yhnjhopf;f epidj;j Gypfs; ,af;fk; 1988 Mk; Mz;by; K];ypk; If;fpa kf;fs;

Kd;dzpAld; fye;Jiuahlnyhd;iw elhj;jp xU xg;ge;jj;ij nra;jdh;. jPtputhj

chpikfis Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nl mt; xg;ge;jj;jpd; gphpTfs; jahh; nra;ag;gl;ld.

rpy jPtputhj K];ypk; murpay;thjpfs; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz kf;fis rPw;wkilar; rpy jPtputhj K];ypk; murpay;thjpfs; tlf;F fpof;F khfhz kf;fis rPw;wkilar;

nra;J jkJ thf;FfSf;fhf xU mbg;gilapid rhpnra;Jnfhs;sNt ngUk;ghYk; nra;J jkJ thf;FfSf;fhf xU mbg;gilapid rhpnra;Jnfhs;sNt ngUk;ghYk;

Kaw;rpnra;jdh;. Rje;jpukhd ,j; jha;ehl;bd; midj;jpd kf;fSld; rfy tho;Tld; Kaw;rpnra;jdh;. Rje;jpukhd ,j; jha;ehl;bd; midj;jpd kf;fSld; rfy tho;Tld;

tho;tNj jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspd; NjitahFk;. MapDk; mth;fis topelj;j gjtp tho;tNj jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspd; NjitahFk;. MapDk; mth;fis topelj;j gjtp

Nkhfk; gilj;j murpay; thjpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;th;. Khfhz rigfSf;fhd nghyp]; Nkhfk; gilj;j murpay; thjpfs; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;th;. Khfhz rigfSf;fhd nghyp];

mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLkhapd; njspthfNt tlf;F fpof;F rpq;fsth;fs; vjph;fhyj;jpy; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLkhapd; njspthfNt tlf;F fpof;F rpq;fsth;fs; vjph;fhyj;jpy;

mghafukhd epiyiknahd;iw vjph;nfhs;tJ epr;rak;. Nghypahd rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; mghafukhd epiyiknahd;iw vjph;nfhs;tJ epr;rak;. Nghypahd rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd;

fPo; tlf;fpy; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;l kf;fsplk; fl;lzk; mwtpl;lJ Qhgfk; cs;sJ. fPo; tlf;fpy; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;l kf;fsplk; fl;lzk; mwtpl;lJ Qhgfk; cs;sJ.

mDkjp ,d;wp mg; gpuNjrq;ffSf;F nry;y ,ayhJ NghFk;. jdp ehl;bw;F ghij tFf;Fk; mDkjp ,d;wp mg; gpuNjrq;ffSf;F nry;y ,ayhJ NghFk;. jdp ehl;bw;F ghij tFf;Fk;

neUf;fbahd epiyikfSf;F rkhjhdj;ij tpUk;Gk; midtUk; vjphg;Gj; njhptpj;jy; neUf;fbahd epiyikfSf;F rkhjhdj;ij tpUk;Gk; midtUk; vjphg;Gj; njhptpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;.

tlf;F khfhz rigia mikf;Fk; nraw;ghL jw;NghJ Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khfhz

rigapd; fPo; fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Ftjpy; cs;s ghjpg;Gf;fs; gw;wp NghjpasT

tpsf;fq;fs; jw;NghJ rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ehL G+uhfg; fWg;gf; nfhb J}f;fp epfo;j;jg;gl;l

Nghuhl;lj;jpd; kj;jpapy; gyhj;fhukhf ifnahg;gkpl;l ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpd; 13 tJ

murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jj;jpy; khfhz rig kl;LNk jw;NghJ vQ;rpAs;sJ.

tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;FtJ njhlh;ghf kfhehaf;f

Njuh;fSk; ngsj;j mikg;Gf;fSk; jkJ vjph;g;gpid njhptpj;Js;sdh;. murhq;fk; mjid

Guf;fzpj;J nraw;gLtJ murpay; hPjpahf nrsfhpakhdjy;y. murhq;;fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l

FOf;fSf;F ,irtjh? My;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s FOf;fspd;

fUj;Jf;F mbgzptjh? vd KbT nra;ag;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. khfhz rigf;Fg; gjpyhf

,izaTk; xd;wpizaTk; mjpfhukw;w khtl;l rigfis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; muR

mjpfhuj;ij gfph;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw mjpfhu gfph;T ,dq;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ vd;gNj md;Wk; ,d;Wk; kfhehaf;f Njuh;fspd;

fUj;jhf mikfpd;wJ. Muk;gk; KjNy vjph;g;G njhptpj;j khfhz rig Kiwikf;Fg; gjpyhf

fpuhkpa muR my;yJ ,e;jpahtpd; gQ;rhaj;J Kiwikapd; fPo; mjpfhug; gfph;T njhlh;ghf

murhq;fk; jdJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

ed;wp : jptapd gj;jpupif ed;wp : jptapd gj;jpupif

Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp mf;

Nfhhpf;iffisf; ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;shJ vt;thwhd

jilfs; te;jhYk; murpay;

jPh;tpid toq;Ftjhff;

$wpr; nraw;gl;lhh;.

mj; jPh;Tj; jpl;lk;

Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. mjp

tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa kfhehaf;f

Njuh;fspd; fUj;jpidg;

ngwhky; 2000 Mk; Mz;L

Mf];l; khjk; mth; Gjpa xU

murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ijr;

rkh;g;gpj;J kPz;Lk; Kd;ida

jtwpidg; Ghpe;jhh;.



cyf epiyia fUj;jpnyLj;Nj mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

khJSthNt Nrhgpj Njuh;

Photo source: http://vimeo.com

,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf fLk; vjph;g;igf; fhl;ba cq;fsJ epiyg;ghl;by; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf fLk; vjph;g;igf; fhl;ba cq;fsJ epiyg;ghl;by;

jw;NghJ XusT khw;wj;ijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,jw;Fj; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpa VJk; fhuzk; jw;NghJ XusT khw;wj;ijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,jw;Fj; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpa VJk; fhuzk;

cs;sjh?cs;sjh?

mf;fhyj;jpypUe;j #oypy; mjid gyte;jkhdJ vd milahsg;gLj;jpNdhk;.

kf;fSf;fhf Kd;dpw;f;Fk;NghJ mt;thwhd KiwfSf;F vjph;g;G fhl;LtJ vkJ

nghWg;ghFk;. Vnddpy; mJ ehl;bd; vjph;fhyj;Jf;F Kf;fpakhd jhf;fk; nrYj;jpaik

MFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ ehl;bd; mjpAah; rl;lj;jpd; ikag;gFjpahfptpl;lJ. mjw;f;F vjpuhd

midj;J murpay; fl;rpfSk; mjpy; gq;fhsuhfp ,k;Kiwia Kd;nfhz;L nra;tjw;fhf

gq;fspg;G toq;fNtz;ba fhykpJ. mg;gbahapd; Nt&d;wpg;Nghd murpay; Kiwikiag;

gpbq;fp vwpNthnkd;W mbg;gilaw;w Kiwapy; $r;rypLtjid tplTk;> ,e;j nkhj;j

KiwapYKs;s jd;ikia tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L mjw;f;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gijNa ehk; nra;a

Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW gq;fspg;G nra;tjdhy; vkJ ehl;il Kd;nfhz;L nry;tjw;F



gjpd;%d;whk; jpUj;jj;ij

mfw;wptpl;lhy; kl;Lk;

,e;j murpayikg;G

kpfr;rpwe;jjhfptpLk;

vd;W epidf;fNtz;lhk;.

mjidtplTk; cldbahf

mfw;wNtz;ba

Vuhskhd gFjpfs; ,e;j

murpayikg;gpy; cs;sd.

tlf;F vkJ ehl;bd; gFjpnahd;wpy;iyah

vd rpyNtis fUjg;gLk;.

jq;fspdJk;> NtW rpyhpdJk; jq;fspdJk;> NtW rpyhpdJk;

jiyikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l murpayikg;G jiyikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l murpayikg;G

tiuG njhlh;gpy; r%fj;jpd; ftdk; tiuG njhlh;gpy; r%fj;jpd; ftdk;

<h;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd xd;iw <h;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd xd;iw

ntspapLtjw;f;F fhuzkhd ntspapLtjw;f;F fhuzkhd

Nehf;fnkd;d?Nehf;fnkd;d?

Kjypy; xd;iwf; $w Ntz;Lk;.

ngUk;ghyhNdhh; $WtJ Nghd;W kpf

mtrukhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhd;wy;y.

,J njhlh;ghd gy;NtW fye;Jiuahly;fs;.

Kaw;rpfs; ClhfNt ,J ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

mLj;j tplak; vkJ murpay; ahg;ig

mwpKfg;gLj;jpaNghJ vt;tsT

vjph;g;Gf;fs; ,Ue;jd? ,jpYs;s rh;tjpfhu

milahsq;fSf;F md;wpypUe;J

,d;Wtiu gyh; vjph;g;G njhptpj;jhYk;

mt;thwhd vjph;g;Gfs; jtwpd;wp

Mtzg;gLj;j Kbahkw; NghdJ. ,J

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghNj rpwpkhNth

gz;lhuehaf;f mk;ikahh; ,jid

vjph;j;J nghpa mOj;jk; nfhLj;jhh;.

nrhw;fspy; Ntwhd tpsf;fq;fSld;

murpay;thjpfshd nfhy;tpd;> vd;.vk;

Nghd;Nwhh; ,J njhlh;ghf fLikahd

tpkh;rdq;fis Kd;itj;jdh;. MfNt

,jw;f;F gpd;dzpapypUe;j rf;jp vd;d

vd;gJ ,jd;%yk; njspthfpwJ.

cq;fSf;F njhpe;jpUf;Fk; ,jd;

%yfh;j;jhthd V.N[. tpy;rd; mth;fs; $l

,jd; jtwhd gad;ghl;bdhy; rh;thjpfhuk;

Vw;glyhnkd gpw;fhyj;jpy; $wpdhh;.

mJkl;Lky;y mjpfhuj;Jf;F tUtjw;F

kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpapdhpd;

cjtp re;jphpf;fh mk;ikahUf;F

Njitg;gl;lJ. epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp

Kiwia ePf;Ftjhf mth;fSf;F

fth;r;rpfukhd thf;FWjpia toq;fpdhh;.

“gpj;jyhl;lkhd murpayikg;G” vd;W

mth;jhd; $wpdhh;. 2005 kfpe;j rpe;jid>

2010 kfpe;j rpe;jid njhiyNehf;F

vDk; tpQ;Qhgdq;fspYk;> ruj;

nghd;Nrfhtpd; Njh;jy; tpQ;Qhgdj;jpYk;

epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiw mfw;wg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd $wg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l fle;j gy jrhg;jq;fspy;

nraw;gl;l Kiw kpfTk; gaq;fukhdJ.

mjw;fika gjtpapy; ,Uf;Fk; [dhjpgjp

ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Nfh> ePjpkd;wj;Jf;Nfh.

murpayikg;G rigf;Nfh tifg;nghWg;Gf;

$wj; Njitapy;iy. mtUf;F vjpuhf

gq;fhsuhapUe;Njhk; vd;w Mj;k jpUg;jp

fpilf;Fk;. vthplKk; MNyhrpf;fhkNy

,J ,e;jpahTld; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ.

jw;NghJ mJ rl;lkhf cs;sJ. mjw;fika

ePz;lfhykhf mJ mKypYs;sJ.

mJkl;Lky;y jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fSld;

epw;fhky; 13f;F Nkyjpfkhf mjpfhuq;fis

toq;Ftjhf xU jlit [dhjpgjp

$wpdhh;. vdNt ,g;NghJ ,J njhlh;ghf

kpfTk; tphpthfTk;. MokhfTk; rpe;jpj;Jg;

ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ghuhSkd;w

njhpTf;FOnthd;W mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. midj;J fl;rpfSk;

xd;WNrh;e;J jPh;khdk; vLg;gJ kpfTk;

Kf;fpakhdJ. 13MtJ jpUj;jk; 1978,y;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l murpayikg;gpd;

xU gFjpnahd;whFk;. mq;Fkpq;Fk;

cjphpg;ghfq;fis khw;Wtjidtpl Gjpa

murpay; ahg;nghd;Wf;fhf midthpdJk;

tpUg;gj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj

jw;NghJ Kf;fpakhdJ. gjpd;%d;whk;

jpUj;jj;ij mfw;wptpl;lhy; kl;Lk; ,e;j

murpayikg;G kpfr;rpwe;jjhfptpLk; vd;W

epidf;fNtz;lhk;. mjidtplTk;

cldbahf mfw;wNtz;ba Vuhskhd

gFjpfs; ,e;j murpayikg;gpy; cs;sd.

mJ ghtidapypUe;J mfw;wg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh;

thfdj;ijg; Nghd;wJ. cjphpg;ghfq;fis

khw;wp ghtidf;F vLj;jhy;$l

ePz;lfhyk; ghtpf;fhJ eLtopapy; epw;Fk;.

vdNtjhd; gjpd;%d;whk; jpUj;jj;ijNah>

NtW jpUj;jj;ijNah> gphpTfisNah

murpayikg;gpypUe;J ePf;FtjidtplTk;>

,J gue;j kf;fs; tpthjj;jpw;Fhpa

tplankd;gNj vkJ epiyg;ghlhFk;.

,jid tlf;F Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy;

njhlq;fyhk;. ,JNghd;wnjhU Neuj;jpy;

,J kpfTk; Njitahd xd;nwdNt ehd;

epidf;fpNwd;.

tlf;F Njh;jYf;F midj;Jk; tlf;F Njh;jYf;F midj;Jk;

jahnud;gJ njhpfpwJ. ePz;lfhyj;Jf;Fg; jahnud;gJ njhpfpwJ. ePz;lfhyj;Jf;Fg;

gpd;dh; tlf;Ff;F fpilf;Fk; ,e;j gpd;dh; tlf;Ff;F fpilf;Fk; ,e;j

tha;g;igg;gw;wpa jq;fsJ fUj;J?tha;g;igg;gw;wpa jq;fsJ fUj;J?

tlf;F Njh;jy; vd;whtnjhUehs;

itf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ jhNd.

mJTk; ,yq;ifapd; xU gFjpNa.

[dehafk; ehl;by; midtUf;Fk;

xNu rkkhf mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thwpy;yhjtplj;jpy; vy;iyaw;w

gpur;ridfs; NknyOk;. tlf;fpy; eilngWk;

Njh;jiy rhl;lhf itj;Jf;nfhz;L

eilngWk; ,e;j vjph;g;Gf;fs; fhuzkhf



tlf;F Njh;jy;

vd;whtnjhUehs;

itf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ

jhNd. mJTk;

,yq;ifapd; xU gFjpNa.

[dehafk; ehl;by;

midtUf;Fk; xNu rkkhf

mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thwpy;yhjtplj;jpy;

vy;iyaw;w gpur;ridfs;

NknyOk;. tlf;fpy;

eilngWk; Njh;jiy

rhl;lhf itj;Jf;nfhz;L

eilngWk; ,e;j

vjph;g;Gf;fs; fhuzkhf

tlf;F vkJ ehl;bd;

gFjpnahd;wpy;iyah ? vd

rpyNtis fUjg;gLk;.

tof;F jhf;fy; nra;a KbahJ. mJ

Nghjhnjd;W mth; rl;lkh mjpgh;

jpizf;fsj;ijAk; nghWg;Ngw;Ws;shh;.

,g;NghJ ghUq;fs; ,e;j epiwNtw;W

[dhjpgjpf;Fhpa mjPj tpfhukhd mjpfhuk;

fPo;Nehf;fpAk; nrd;Wtpl;lJ. epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuj;jpD}lhf nghyP];Jiw$l murpay;

kag;gLj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mjdhy; jq;fhiy>

mf;Fu];] gpuNjr rigj; jiyth;fs;

mlq;fyhf cs;Suhl;rp epWtdj;

jiyth;fs; $l ehl;by; fhl;Lr;rl;lk;

,Ug;gJ Nghd;Nw nraw;gLfpd;wdh;. murpay;

nghyPRf;F vjidAk; nra;aKbahJ.

nghyP]; Mizf;FO ,y;iy. vkJ

rl;lkh mjpgh;fs; vt;tsTJ}uk;

Fw;wthspfSld; el;ghf ,Uf;fpwhh;fnsd;W

$Wtjhapd; mth;fSf;fpUf;Fk;

nfhiyf;Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis xNu ,utpy;

ePf;Ffpd;wdh;. cq;fSf;F QhgfkpUf;Fk;

mz;ikapy; rkrkh[ fl;rpapd; fl;rp

khehl;by; rghehafh; ciuahw;Wk; NghJ

epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwia ePf;f

Ntz;baJ ,d;wpaikahjJ vdf;

$wpapUe;jhh;. 20 kpy;ypad; kf;fspy; ahUf;F

,J Njitnad;W $Wq;fs;. I.Nj.f $l

jw;NghJ Gjpa tiuig mwpKfg;gLj;jj;

jahuhfpwJ.

I.Nj.f.Tf;F ,g;NghJ ,d;DnkhU I.Nj.f.Tf;F ,g;NghJ ,d;DnkhU

NfhrNk mJ. jhNk mwpKfg;gLj;jpa NfhrNk mJ. jhNk mwpKfg;gLj;jpa

murpayikg;Gf;F khw;nwhd;iwNa murpayikg;Gf;F khw;nwhd;iwNa

mth;fs; Kd;itf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy; mth;fs; Kd;itf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy;

Gjpa murpayikg;gpYs;s Njitg;ghLfs; Gjpa murpayikg;gpYs;s Njitg;ghLfs;

njhlh;gpyhd ek;gfj;jd;ik ghjpf;fg;glhjh? njhlh;gpyhd ek;gfj;jd;ik ghjpf;fg;glhjh?

,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; murpay; NjitfNs ,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; murpay; NjitfNs

fhuzkhf cs;sd vd;W rpyh; $wyhk;?fhuzkhf cs;sd vd;W rpyh; $wyhk;?

kpfTk; vspikahdJ. ,jw;fhf

cz;ikahd kf;fs; Mizia

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

VidNahhplKs;s gyk; njhlh;gpy; ehk;

Fiwj;J kjpg;gplf;$lhJ. kf;fs; ,iwik

vkf;FhpaJ. vkJ Kaw;rp njhlh;ghf

ehk; midtUf;Fk; ntspg;gilahff;

$wpAs;Nshk;. ,e;j Nfhrj;ij

vOg;gpf;nfhz;LjhNd jw;Nghija

[dhjpgjp nfhOk;gpypUe;J fjph;fhkj;Jf;F

ghjahj;jpiu nrd;whh;. midtUk;

xj;Jiog;G ey;ff;$ba jpwe;j tha;g;G

,Jntd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;.

jhq;fs; ,e;j murpayikg;G tiuig jhq;fs; ,e;j murpayikg;G tiuig

Vida rpWghd;ik ,df; fl;rpfSf;F Vida rpWghd;ik ,df; fl;rpfSf;F

toq;fpdPh;fsh? mth;fsJ gpujpgypg;G toq;fpdPh;fsh? mth;fsJ gpujpgypg;G

vt;thwhdJ?vt;thwhdJ?

Mk;. ehk; mth;fspy; gyiu re;jpj;Njhk;.

mth;fsJ ey;y gpujpgypg;G ,Ue;jJ.

mjw;f;F Nkyjpfkhf K];ypk;> jkpo; ,d

r%fj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

ehk; ,uz;L Jiz [dhjpgjp

gjtpfis cUthf;fpAs;Nshk;. me;j

murpay; jiyth;fs; ey;y njspTld;

,Uf;fpwhh;fnsd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;.

mth;fSf;Fk; nfsutkhd tha;g;ig

toq;FtNj vkJ epiyg;ghL.

,e;jg; Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuG %yk; ,e;jg; Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuG %yk;

ehl;bd; ey;yhl;rpia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ehl;bd; ey;yhl;rpia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F

$Ljyhd gq;F toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf njhpa $Ljyhd gq;F toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf njhpa

tUfpwJ. ehl;bYs;s murpay; gpur;ridia tUfpwJ. ehl;bYs;s murpay; gpur;ridia

jPh;g;gjw;fhf mt;tsT ftdk; ,jpy; jPh;g;gjw;fhf mt;tsT ftdk; ,jpy;

,y;iyNa?,y;iyNa?

gjpNdohtJ jpUj;jj;ij kPz;Lk;

epWtpdhy; ngUk;ghyhd gpur;ridfSf;F

gjpy; fpilf;Fk; vd;gNj vdJ fUj;J.

mjw;f;Fhpa Mizf;FOf;fs; ,aq;Fk;NghJ

ehl;bd; midj;J Fbkf;fSf;Fk; kpfTk;

epahakhd tha;g;G fpilf;Fk;. ,g;NghJ

ghUq;fs; Nrhy;ghp murpayikg;gpypUe;J

1978 tiuf;Fk; kpfTk; gpw;Nghf;fhd>

kf;fs; gq;fspg;gpy;yhj murpayikg;Gfspd;

nraw;ghLfs;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;jd.

,e;j tiuGf;Fk; mNj epiyik Vw;gLtJ

Fwpj;J ehk; tpUg;gkpy;iy. vjph;fhyj;jpy;

fpilf;Fk; gad;kpF gpujpgypg;GfSlhf

,jid NkYk; nkU$l;LtNj vkJ

vjph;ghh;g;G.

,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jk; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ jhq;fs; mjw;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ jhq;fs; mjw;F

XusT vjph;g;G njhptpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; XusT vjph;g;G njhptpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;

jw;NghJ mJNghd;w vjph;g;Gf;Fg; jw;NghJ mJNghd;w vjph;g;Gf;Fg;

gjpyhf murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;fhf gjpyhf murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;fhf

Kd;te;Js;sPh;fs;. ,e;j khw;wk; Vd;?Kd;te;Js;sPh;fs;. ,e;j khw;wk; Vd;?

gps;isnahd;W gpwe;j gpd;dh;

mjid rhfbf;f KbahJ. mg;gps;isaplk;

VjhtJ FiwghL ,Ug;gpd; ehk;

me;jf; FiwghLfis ePf;Ftjw;F

Kaw;rpg;gjidNa nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

ehq;fs; jdpikahd ehnlhd;wpy;

thotpy;iy. ,e;jpahTld; ,Ue;j

,uh[je;jpu njhlh;Gfspd; ngWNgNw

,J. mJ ey;yNjh nfl;lNjh ehk; gue;j

ghh;itAld; vijahtJ nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

nrhe;j tpUg;gj;Jf;fika tplaq;fis

mur kl;lj;jpy; ePf;fk; nra;a KbAkh?

mJ ehNk cyFf;F toq;Fk; jtwhd

Kd;khjpupahFk;.



2005 kfpe;j rpe;jid>

2010 kfpe;j rpe;jid

njhiyNehf;F vDk;

tpQ;Qhgdq;fspYk;>

ruj; nghd;Nrfhtpd;

Njh;jy; tpQ;Qhgdj;jpYk;

epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiw

mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lnkd

$wg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l fle;j

gy jrhg;jq;fspy;

nraw;gl;l Kiw kpfTk;

gaq;fukhdJ.

,e;j murpayikg;G tiuG ,e;j murpayikg;G tiuG

mwpKfg;gLj;jy; mjpfhuj;Jf;FtUk; mwpKfg;gLj;jy; mjpfhuj;Jf;FtUk;

NkYnkhU topnad Nehf;Fgtu;fSk; NkYnkhU topnad Nehf;Fgtu;fSk;

ghh;g;gth;fSk; ,y;yhky; ,y;iyj;jhNd?ghh;g;gth;fSk; ,y;yhky; ,y;iyj;jhNd?

ey;yij nra;jhYk; rpyUf;F NrWG+rNt

Njhd;Wk;. mjw;F gjpyspf;Fk; Neuk;

tPzbf;fg;gLk;. ehk; ,e;j tiuig

midj;Jj; jug;gpdUf;Fk; toq;fpNdhk;.

,J xU fl;rpf;Nfh> FOTf;Nfh> egUf;Nfh

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,jw;fhd rpwe;j

gpujpgyg;ig ngWtjw;F ehk; ,Wjp Neuk;

tiu Kaw;rpnaLg;Nghk;. Kbahtpl;lhy;

120 ehl;fSf;Fs; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp

Kiwikia ePf;Ftjpy; ntw;wpngwf;$ba

nghJ Ntl;ghsiu gpNuhpf;f Ntz;ba

epiy Vw;gLk;. mt;thwhapd; epiwNtw;W

[dhjpgjp Kiwia ,uj;J nra;Ak;

[dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsUf;Nf ehk; xj;Jiog;G

toq;f Kaw;rpg;Nghk;. ,Wjpj; jPh;khdk;

kf;fSilaJ.

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; njhlh;gpyhd gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; njhlh;gpyhd

,e;jpahtpd; gpujpgypg;G njhlh;gpy; ,e;jpahtpd; gpujpgypg;G njhlh;gpy;

mjpfkhNdhh; tpopg;Gld; cs;sdh;. mJ mjpfkhNdhh; tpopg;Gld; cs;sdh;. mJ

vy;iyjhz;baJ vd epidg;NghUk; vy;iyjhz;baJ vd epidg;NghUk;

cs;sdh;. cs;sdh;.

rpukg;gl;lhtJ ehk; ajhh;j;jj;ij

Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

cld;gbf;ifapd; ,d;ndhU gykhd

jug;G ,e;jpahthFk;. ,J ,Ujug;G

cld;gbf;ifahFk;. vkJ ,uh[je;jpu

nraw;ghLfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit

,t;thwhd cld;gbf;iffSlhfNt

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. rh;tNjr

rl;lq;fSf;fika ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l

xg;ge;jj;ij xU jug;G KbTWj;JtJ

,yFthd tplankd ehd;

epidf;ftpy;iy. mk;ikahh; (rpwpkhNth

gz;lhuehaf;f) msTf;F ,e;ehl;bd;

ntspehl;L nfhs;ifia epiyahf Ngzpr;

nrd;w jiytiu ehd; re;jpf;ftpy;iy.

mth; gpujkh; rh];jphpAld; cld;gbf;if

nra;Ak;NghJ vjph;f;fl;rp jiytuhd

ll;ypAld; Ngrpdhh;. gpNukjh] mth;fs;

gy;NtW re;jh;g;gq;fspy; jtwhff; fijj;jhh;.

,e;jpuh fhe;jp Nghd;w jiyth;fs; mjid

mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. [ath;j;jd mth;fs;$l

mnkhpf;f rhh;ghdtnud;Nw fhl;bdhh;.

vdNt ehk; Fog;gkilahky; ,Ug;gJ

Kf;fpakhdJ.

,e;ehl;bYs;s ngUk;ghyhd ,e;ehl;bYs;s ngUk;ghyhd

gpur;ridfspy; gpf;Ffspd; jiyaPL gpur;ridfspy; gpf;Ffspd; jiyaPL

tpthjj;Jf;FhpaJ. ,e;ehl;bYs;s murpay; tpthjj;Jf;FhpaJ. ,e;ehl;bYs;s murpay;

gpur;ridf;F murpay; jPh;T toq;FtJk; gpur;ridf;F murpay; jPh;T toq;FtJk;

kpfTk; rthyhd tplaNk. ,q;Nf ngsj;j kpfTk; rthyhd tplaNk. ,q;Nf ngsj;j

kjFUTf;Fhpa gzpg;nghWg;G vd;d?kjFUTf;Fhpa gzpg;nghWg;G vd;d?

mjpfhug; gfph;T NjitahdJ vd;gjpy;

tpthjj;Jf;F ,lkpy;iy. mjid kj> rhjp

mbg;gilapy; nra;af;$lhJ. eph;thf myF

hPjpahfNt Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mJ

cyfpy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; KiwikahFk;.

kj;jpa muR jpl;lkpLk;NghJ eph;thf

myFfs; vdg;gLk; Fl;b murhq;fq;fs;

jkf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW mjid

mKy;gLj;j KbAk;. fhydpj;Jtthjpfspd;

jpl;lkplYf;fika gphpf;fg;gl;l eph;thf

KiwiaNa ehk; ,g;NghJk; J}f;fpitj;Jf;

nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. ve;jnthU Mf;fG+h;tkhd

nraw;jpl;lj;ij Nkw;nfhs;tjhfj;

njhpatpy;iy. ,yq;ifapy; mikr;Rf;fs;

gfpug;gl;Ls;s Kiwiag; ghUq;fs;.

vt;tsT mwpahik. Kd;dhs; mikr;rh;

yypj; mj;Jyj;Kjyp kpfTk; tpQ;QhdhPjpahf

mikr;Rg; gjtpfis 25 Mf Fiwj;J

XusT gfph;itr; nra;jhh;. ,e;j midj;J

JiwfspYk; cz;ikahd khw;wk;.

Gduikg;G NjitahdJ vd;gJ

cq;fSf;Fg; GhpAk;.

mLj;j tplak; ePq;fs; Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F

ehd; juf;$ba gjpyhdJ gpf;Ftpd;

tiuaiwia Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ehd; Jwtp vDk; tplak; vg;NghJk;

kdjpypUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs;

VidNahhplkpUe;J tpyfpepw;f

Kaw;rpf;ff;$lhJ. gpwUld; ,ize;J

njhlh;e;Jk; tho Ntz;Lk;. xd;whf

,Ue;jhy; ngUk; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s

KbAnkd;gjid vk;kth;fs; Qhgfk;

itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nrh; nghd;dk;gyk;

,uhkehjd; mth;fNs vkf;F ntrhf;

tpLKiwia mf;fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf;

nfhLj;jhh;. Vd; ehk; mjid epidj;Jg;

ghh;g;gjpy;iy.

Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuT Gjpa murpayikg;G tiuT

njhlh;gpyhd jq;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;G?njhlh;gpyhd jq;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;G?

[dhjpgjp [ath;j;jd mth;fshy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghuJ}ukhd jtiw

rPh;nra;J ,yq;ifapy; mtjhpj;j

rpwg;ghd murj; jiytuhf tuyhw;wpy;

,lk;ngWtjw;f;F kfpe;j uh[gf;\ mth;fs;

,e;j tha;g;igg; gad;gLj;jp nfhs;thnud

ehk; vjph;ghh;f;fpNwhk;. ,jw;F NjitahdJ

kf;fs; NeaKs;s murpay; Fwpf;Nfhs;

kl;LNk. ve;j murpay; jiyik %yk; ,e;j

rpwg;ghd Fzhk;rk; ntspg;gLnkd ngUk;

vjph;ghh;g;Gld; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

Fwpg;G : kQ;Rs f[ehaf;fFwpg;G : kQ;Rs f[ehaf;f



Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpre;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f

Photo source : www.shaheedoniran.org

Phot

o So

urce

: www

.pics

earc

h.co

m

tlf;fpw;F

mjpfhuq;fisf; NfhUtJ

epahakhdNj

13 MtJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; ,yq;ifapy; mJtiu ,Ue;j xw;iwahl;rpf; 13 MtJ murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; ,yq;ifapy; mJtiu ,Ue;j xw;iwahl;rpf;

fl;likg;gpid tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf; fl;likg;gpw;Fk; nfhz;L nrd;wJ. kf;fsJ fUj;J fl;likg;gpid tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;Tf; fl;likg;gpw;Fk; nfhz;L nrd;wJ. kf;fsJ fUj;J

vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; ePq;fs; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; tp[aFkhuJq;f mth;fSld; mjw;F rhh;ghf vJthf ,Ue;jhYk; ePq;fs; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; tp[aFkhuJq;f mth;fSld; mjw;F rhh;ghf

,Ue;jPh;fs;. ,J gw;wp ,d;W ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpwPh;fs;? ,Ue;jPh;fs;. ,J gw;wp ,d;W ePq;fs; vd;d epidf;fpwPh;fs;?

ehl;bd; xUikg;ghl;ilg; NgZtjw;Fk; midj;J ,dq;fSf;fpilapYk; kf;fs;

FOf;fSf;fpilapYk; xw;Wikiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; tYtilar; nra;tjw;Fk; 13

MtJ jpUj;jk; Nghd;w xd;W mj;jpatrpakhFk;. rpWghz;ikapdh;fs; thOfpd;w Vida

ehLfspYk; mth;fSf;F VjhtnjhU fhuzj;jpw;fhf Fiwthff; ftdpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;.

vdf; fUjg;gLkhapd; jdpehl;Lf; Nfhhpf;if tpLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpyh; jdpehL tiuf;Fk;

nry;ytpy;iy. rpy ehLfspy; tphpthd mjpfhug; gfph;nthd;wpidf; (Federalism) NfhUfpd;wdh;. VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk; my;yJ rk\;b murpayikg;Gr;

rl;lj;jpD}lhf my;yJ Fiwthd mjpfhuq;fSlNdh mjpfhug; gfph;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

,lq;fspy; gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mgphpf;fhtpYk; ,e;jpahtpYk; NkYk;

Vuhskhd cjhuzq;fisf; $wyhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; 28 khepyq;fs; cs;sd. ,e;jpah

Rje;jpuk; ngw;wTlNdNa rk\;b Ml;rp Kiwnahd;W Vw;gLj;jg;glhjpUg;gpd;> me;je;j

khfhzq;fspy; tho;fpd;w gyjug;gl;l ,dj;jth;fSf;F jj;jkJ eltbf;iffis

eph;tfpg;gjw;F mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;glhjpUg;gpd; jw;NghJ ,e;jpah Jz;lhlg;gl;l xU ehlhf

,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.

ehl;bd; If;fpaj;jpw;Fk; xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; gpsT Vw;glhJ> ehL ,uz;lhfg; gphptijj;

jLg;gjw;F 13 MtJ jpUj;jk; ey;ynjhU jPh;T vd ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.

vdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l “mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;e;J ehl;ilg;

gpsTgLj;jhkypUg;Nghk;” vDk; Kd;khjphp ,w;iwf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ,J gw;wpa mwptpy;yhj

kdpjh;fs; jPtputhjf; fUj;Jf;fisf; $wp NfhrnkOg;gj; njhlq;fpdhh;fs;. Mt;thW $Wk;



ehl;bd; If;fpaj;jpw;Fk;

xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; gpsT

Vw;glhJ> ehL ,uz;lhfg;

gphptijj; jLg;gjw;F 13 MtJ

jpUj;jk; ey;ynjhU jPh;T vd

ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;.

gpf;FfSk; gpf;Ffs; my;yhjth;fspy; vj;jid Ngh; gy;fiyf;fofk; xd;wpd; mUfpy; $l

nrd;wpUg;ghh;fs;? ehd; mt;thW $Wtjw;Ff; fhuzk; gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;tnjd;gJ nghpa

xU tplak; vd;gjw;F my;y.

rw;W mjpfkhf fy;tp gapd;Ws;sth;fSf;F ed;F thrpj;J tpsf;fpf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. murhq;fj;jpd; rpy jiyth;fSf;Fk; ,J nghUe;Jk;. murpay; ,yhgq;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> njhlh;e;Jk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ug;gjw;Fkhf> kf;fs; mjpfhuk; njhlh;ghf

ntWg;gile;Js;s xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ,dthjj;ijj; J}z;b njhlh;e;J mjpfhuj;jpy;

,Ug;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xU je;jpukhfNt ehd; ,ijf; fhz;fpd;Nwd;.

,e;jpahitg; Nghd;W ,yq;ifapYk; rk\;b Kiwiknahd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; ,e;j

epiyikfspy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jyhk;. kpfg; nghpa mstpy; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;e;jspj;J

rk\;b Kiwiknahd;iw toq;fj; Njitapy;iy. Fiwe;jhYk; Kjph;;r;rpiaf; nfhz;Ls;s

xU ehL nra;a Ntz;ba Mff; Fiwe;j nray; 13 MtJ jpUj;jk; vd;gij ehd; $w

tpUk;GfpNwd;.

vdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; 13,w;Fk; mg;ghy; nrd;w mjpfhug; gfph;T gw;wp Nahrid

njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ ,e;j ehl;by; Aj;jnkhd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. vdf;F ntWkNd ngha;

NgRtjw;Nfh Kisf;NfhshW fhuzkhfNth GjpanjhU murpayikg;ig cUthf;Fk;

Njit cUthftpy;iyi. jw;NghJ ,lk;ngw;Ws;sjidg;Nghy; ehDk; Aj;jj;ij KbTf;Ff;

nfhz;Lte;jpUf;fyhk;. 1994 Mk; Mz;L vd murhq;fk; gjtpf;F te;jNghJ tlf;fpd;

5 khtl;lq;fspdJk; fl;Lg;ghL vy;.hP.hP.< aplNk fhzg;gl;lJ. gpughfud; aho;g;ghzk;

fr;NrhpapypUe;J midj;J mur mjpfhhpfSf;Fk; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

muridg; Nghd;W 5 my;yJ 6 ,uhZt Kfhk;fs; kl;LNk murhq;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by;

,Ue;jd. gyhyp> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw> Ky;iyj;jPT rpyhtj;Jiw> tTdpah> kd;dhh;

Mfpa ,uhZt Kfhk;fs; khj;jpuNk mt;thW tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. gyhypapypUe;j

vkJ giltPuh;fSf;F cg;Gj; jd;ik fhuzkhf FbePu; Fbf;f KbahJ. mth;fSf;F

Fbg;gjw;F ePh; Njitg;gLk; NghJ ntspapy; mike;Js;s fpzw;wpw;Fr; nry;y gpughfuDld;

njhiyNgrpapy; fijf;f mDkjp ngw;wdh;. mthplk; mDkjp ngw;Nw gyhypapypUe;J

ntspNa nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ. kf;fs; fl;rpapy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L tpN[Nghd;Nwhh; vkf;F

,tw;iw mwptpj;jhh;fs;. me;j Kfhk;fspy; ,uz;L ehl;fs; ,Ue;Njhk;. MfNt vg;gbNah

me;epiyikapypUe;J KO tlf;fpidAk; kPl;nlLg;gjw;F ehd; jiyik jhq;fpNdd;. vy;.

hP.hP.< apdhpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;J 75¤ Gtpapay; gpuNjrj;ij tpLtpj;Njhk;. Kjy; ,uz;L

Mz;Lfspy; mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;Nghnkd ehk; gjtpNaw;wTlNdNa

vy;.hP.hP.< ,dUf;Ff; $wpNdhk;. gpughfud; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; fye;J nfhz;L 8 khjq;fspy;

gpd; mjidg; Gwe;js;sp tpl;L nrd;W tpl;lhh;. vJtpj fhuzKk; ,d;wp gpd;dh; Aj;jk;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Aj;jnkd;why; Aj;jk; rkhjhdnkhd;why; rkhjhdk; vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;.

ehKk; Aj;jk; Ghpe;Njhk;.

mth; Aj;jj;ij Muk;gpj;J 8 khjq;fs; nry;Yk;NghJ ehk; aho;g;ghz FlhehL

KOtijAk; ifg;gw;wpNdhk;. ehd; kl;Lk; jdpahf mijr; nra;atpy;iy. mDUj;juj;tj;j

Kd;dhs; vdJ gpujp mikr;rh;> mg;NghJ gjtp tfpj;j ,uhZtj; jsgjpfs; MfpNahh;

jpwikahf gzp Ghpe;jdh;. mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; midj;J giltPuh;fisAk; xd;W jpul;b xU

jpl;lj;jpw;fika gzpahw;wpNdhk;. ehd; jhd; epjp Nrfhpj;Njd;. KbAkhd msT fsTfisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jpNdd;. ,Wjpahf kfpe;j uh[gf;\Tf;F murhq;fj;ij xg;gilf;Fk; NghJ KO

tlf;fpYk; 25¤ kl;LNk tpLtpf;fg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Ky;iyj;jPTf;Fk; fpspnehr;rpf;Fk;

mz;kpj;j gpuNjrq;fNs mit MFk;.

,th;fs; jPtpukhf Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;W ngw;Wf;nfhz;lij Vd; vd;dhy; ngw Kbatpy;iy

vd vd;dplk; gyh; Nfl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j 25¤ I vLf;fr; nrd;wpUe;jhy; ,J jhd; md;Wk;

ele;jpUf;Fk;. mjhtJ ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ,yl;rk; mg;ghtp kf;fisf; nfhiy nra;a

Ntz;bapUe;jpUf;Fk;. gpughfud; nra;j fPo;jukhd nray; fhuzkhf aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J

ehk; vy;.hP.hP.< I tpul;babj;j NghJ aho;g;ghzf; Flh ehl;bypUe;J Rkhh; 5 ,yl;rk;

kf;fisg; gpughfud; gyte;jkhf Jg;ghf;fp Kidapy; ntspNa vLj;Jr; nrd;whh;. mJ

jhd; nfhpy;yh je;jpNuhghak; Rw;wptu nghJ kf;fs; #oe;jpUe;jhy; ,uhZtk; nfhiy

nra;aj; JzpahJ vd;w ek;gpf;ifNa mjw;fhd fhuzk;. mth;fs; Ky;iyj;jPtpy; nrd;W

FbNaw Kd;dh; ,th;fis kPz;Lk; (mJTk; vdJ jpl;lNk) aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F tutiof;f



,th;fs; jPtpukhf Kd;Ndwpr;

nrd;W ngw;Wf;nfhz;lij

Vd; vd;dhy; ngw

Kbatpy;iy vd vd;dplk;

gyh; Nfl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j 25¤

I vLf;fr; nrd;wpUe;jhy; ,J

jhd; md;Wk; ele;jpUf;Fk;.

mjhtJ ,uz;L my;yJ

%d;W ,yl;rk; mg;ghtp

kf;fisf; nfhiy nra;a

Ntz;bapUe;jpUf;Fk;.

Ntz;Lnkd;W ehd; $wpNdd;. gpughfudpd; gf;fj;jpy; itf;f Kbahnjd;W $wpa NghJ

mth;fs; gaq;futhjpfs; vd;W ,uhZtj;jpdh; $wpdhh;fs;. Gaq;futhjpfshdhYk;

mth;fs; vdJ kf;fs; vd ehd; $wpNdd;. gaq;futhjpfis ey;y gpui[fshf;FtNj vdJ

Nehf;fk;. gpughfuidj; jdpikg;gLj;jp VjhtJ nra;aNt ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;lJ. vk;khy;

mtiuf; fhg;ghw;w Kbahnjd;W vkf;Fj; njhpAk;. mth; xU NghJk; khwkhl;lhh;. MfNt

gpughfuidj; jdpikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lkhapd; ehk; ,e;j kf;fis fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;.

mth;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; rptpy; kf;fs; Mtu;. gyte;jkhf gpughfud; mth;fisg;

gad;gLj;jpdh;. kf;fs; gaq;futhjpfsy;y. vg;gbNah ehd; me;j “yt;l; n`[];” vd;w nghpa

xypthq;fpfis mDg;gpNdd;. ,uhZtk; kPJ kf;fs; ek;gpf;if itj;jdh;. MapDk; xU

gFjpapdh; tpUk;gtpy;iy. mtw;iw ,uhZtj;jpdh; epd;w vy;iyfSf;F toq;fpNdd;.

kf;fs; fpspnehr;rp> Ky;iyj;jPT> fhLfspy; Nghf ,lkpd;wp kuq;fspd; Nky; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

Kbe;jsT mwptpj;jy; nfhLj;Njhk;. Mfhakhh;f;fkhf Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fisg; Nghl;Nlhk;.

kPz;Lk; thUq;fs; ehk; cq;fSf;F vJTk; nra;akhl;Nlhk;. ehk; cq;fisg; ghpNrhjpg;gJ

(12:01) cq;fsplk; MAjk; cs;sjh vd mwptjw;F khj;jpuNk. vkf;F Ntnwhd;Wk;

Njitapy;iy. me;jNeuk; jw;NghJ ,th;fs; Nfl;gJ Nghy; ID fhl; Nfl;f KbahJ jhNd.

jg;gpNahbath;fsplk; vt;thW ID fhl; Nfl;gJ? Ie;J ,yl;rk; Nghpy; Rkhh; %d;W ,yl;rk;

Ngh;tiu kPz;Lk; te;jhh;fs;. mth;fis ehq;fs; nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf Fbakh;j;jpNdhk;.

Gyh; mth;fSf;fpUe;j tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;wdh;. ehq;fs; aho;g;ghzj;ijf; ifg;gw;w

Nkw;nfhz;l Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf gyuJ tPLfs; moptile;jd. mij kPsf; fl;Ltjw;F

vkf;F ,J Nghd;W %d;W tUlq;fs; nry;ytpy;iy. ehd; clNd epjp toq;fpNdd;.

rh;tNjr hPjpahfTk; vkf;F ed;whf cjtpfs; fpilj;jd. ehk; mjid kf;fSf;F toq;fp

tPLfisf;fl;bf; nfhs;sr; nrhd;Ndhk;. vkf;F nghUl;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. fhzg;gl;l rPnke;J

Nghd;witfis ,ad;w tiu ehq;fs; mjid fg;gy;fspy; Vw;wp mDg;gpNdhk; vg;gbNah

gpughfud; gyhj;fhukhf xd;wiu ,yl;rk; kf;fis jLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. mth;fspd;

rpyh; RatpUg;gj;jpNyNa ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,e;j xd;wiu ,yl;rk; kf;fs; jhd; gpughfuDk; vy;.

hP.hP.< jiyth;fSk; xopj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Fiffisr; (khspif Nghd;w) Rw;wp ,Ue;jdh;.

Rw;wptu ,uz;L %d;W tyaq;fis mikj;jpUe;jdh;. mJ NghyNt tPLfisf; fl;b

mjpy; kf;fis Fbakh;j;jpdhh;fs;. mt; midj;J kf;fisAk; nfhd;Wtpl;Lj;jhd; ,j;

jiyth;fis gpbf;f Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. mjdhy; jhd; ehd; njhlh;e;Jk; Ngr;R thh;j;ijf;F

tUkhW (fj;Njhypf;f) gpn\hg;khupaplk; nra;jp mDg;gpNdd;. mth;fSld; neUq;fpa cwT

fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;gbAk; tutpy;;iy.

mjd; gpd; rh;tNjr hPjpahf Nehh;Ntapid tutioj;J mth;fisAk; mDg;gpNdhk;.

,Wjpapy; udpy; tpf;ukrpq;ftpd; murhq;fj;jpy; rpwpJ ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; kPz;Lk;

vdJ murhq;fk; te;j NghJ xg;ge;jnkhd;W ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ.

vy;.hP.hP.< ,yq;if murhq;fnkhd;Wld; kpfr; rpwe;j ifr;rhj;jpl;l rpwe;j xg;ge;jk;

mJntd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. mJ kpfTk; Kd;Nd nrd;w xU xg;ge;jkhFk;. mijr; rhpahf

eilKiwg;gLj;j ,lkspj;jpUe;jhy; vk;khy; ngUksT ,g; gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;j;J ,Uf;fyhk;.

Rdhkp epfo;e;jjd; gpd;dh; vy;.hP.hP.< ,w;F vJTNk nra;a KbahkypUe;j Neuj;jpy; Rdhkp epfo;e;jjd; gpd;dh; vy;.hP.hP.< ,w;F vJTNk nra;a KbahkypUe;j Neuj;jpy;

jkf;F Neubahf epjp toq;FkhW Nfhhp cyfpd; ehyh gf;fq;fSf;Fk; nrd;whh;fs;. jkf;F Neubahf epjp toq;FkhW Nfhhp cyfpd; ehyh gf;fq;fSf;Fk; nrd;whh;fs;.

Re;jphpf;fhtpd; murhq;fk; Aj;jj;ij epWj;j cq;fSf;F miog;G tpLf;fpwJ vd;gjhy; Re;jphpf;fhtpd; murhq;fk; Aj;jj;ij epWj;j cq;fSf;F miog;G tpLf;fpwJ vd;gjhy;

mt;thW nra;aj; Njitapy;iynad midj;J ehLfSk; mt; Ntisapy; njhptpj;jd. mt;thW nra;aj; Njitapy;iynad midj;J ehLfSk; mt; Ntisapy; njhptpj;jd.

Aj;jj;ij epWj;Jq;fs;> ehk; muRf;F epjp toq;FfpNwhk;. mth;fsplk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs; Aj;jj;ij epWj;Jq;fs;> ehk; muRf;F epjp toq;FfpNwhk;. mth;fsplk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;

vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ,jdhy; mth;fSk; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; rpwe;jnjhU jPh;khdj;ij vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ,jdhy; mth;fSk; mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; rpwe;jnjhU jPh;khdj;ij

vLj;jhh;fs;. ehk; nrhy;ykNyNa gpd;G vy;.hP.hP.< te;J ehk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elhj;JNthk; vLj;jhh;fs;. ehk; nrhy;ykNyNa gpd;G vy;.hP.hP.< te;J ehk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elhj;JNthk;

vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ehk; xd;whf nrayhw;WNthk;> ,jid kPsf; fl;bnaOg;GNthk; vd;Wk; vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ehk; xd;whf nrayhw;WNthk;> ,jid kPsf; fl;bnaOg;GNthk; vd;Wk;

$wpdhh;fs;. $wpdhh;fs;.

gpd;dh; vdJ rkhjhd nrayfj;ijr; Nrh;e;j [ad;j jdghy cl;gl xU FOtpdUk;

gpughfud; mDg;gpa Gypj;Njtd; cs;spl;l rpyUk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfis elhj;jp ehk; ,jw;F

xg;gkpl;Nlhk;. Kjy; jlitahf “,yq;if murhq;fk;” vd vy;.hP.hP.< Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.

nfhOk;G murhq;fk;> tlf;F murhq;fk; vdj;jhd; ,Jtiu $wp te;jhh;fs;. mjd; gpd; Kjy;

jlitahf ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J mq;fj;Jtj;ijg; ngw;W FOf;fspy; xd;whf

,Ue;J jPh;khdq;fis vLj;J mj; jPh;khdq;fis mKy;gLj;j ,zq;fpdhh;fs;. mjhtJ



vy;.hP.hP.< apdhpd;

fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;J 75¤ Gtpapay;

gpuNjrj;ij tpLtpj;Njhk;.


mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk;

gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;Nghnkd

ehk; gjtpNaw;wTlNdNa vy;.

hP.hP.< ,dUf;Ff; $wpNdhk;.

gpughfud; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy;

fye;J nfhz;L 8 khjq;fspy;

gpd; mjidg; Gwe;js;sp

tpl;L nrd;W tpl;lhh;. vJtpj

fhuzKk; ,d;wp gpd;dh; Aj;jk;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Aj;jnkd;why;

Aj;jk; rkhjhdnkhd;why;

rkhjhdk; vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;.


Gduikg;G kw;Wk; kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gd njhlh;ghfthFk;.

mjd; gpd; cz;ikapNyNa ele;jnjd;dntdpy; kfpe;j uh[gf;\ ruj; rpy;thTld;

,ufrpa xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhz;ljhFk;. ,jidj; Njhw;fbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtu; gpujk

ePjpaurUf;Ff; $wpdhu;.

MfNt mj; jPh;g;ig toq;fpdhh;. Mjd; gpd; %d;W khjq;fSf;Fg; gpd; kw;iwa jPh;g;G

toq;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; epthuzg; nghwpKiwia mth; Kw;WKOjhf J}f;fp vwpa

tpy;iy. MapDk; mjpypUe;j ey;y gFjp rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vdf; $wp mfw;wg;gl;lJ.

mg;gbahapd; ,J ekf;Fj; Njitapy;iynad mjd; gpd;G vy;.hP.hP< apdh; $wpdhh;fs;.

MapDk; [dhjpgjp mjpfhuq;fs; vdf;fpUg;gjdhy; ruj; rpy;thTf;F vd;id $l;byilf;f

Kbahnjd;gjhy; gag;gl Ntz;lhk; vd ehd; $wpNdd;. Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfs; ePf;fg;gltpy;iy

vdf; fUjp jhd; midj;J fl;lisfSf;Fk; xg;gkpl;Lj; jUNtd; vd;Wk; mtw;iw

mKy;gLj;jj; jahh; vd;Wk; mtw;iw ehk; Nkw;nfhs;Nthk; vd;Wk; ,J njhlh;ghf vd;id

ek;GkhWk; ehd; $wpNdd;.

mjd;NghJ vy;.hP.hP.< vJTNk gjpy; $wtpy;iy. mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mjd;

gpd; vdf;F tPl;Lf;Fg; Nghfr; nrhd;dhh;fs; gpd;dh; fhhpak; mj;Jld; epiwTngw;wJ. mit

ruj;rpy;thtpd; eltbf;if vd;W $wyhk;. kfpe;j uh[gf;\ jhd; mijr; nra;jhh; vd;W

$wpdhy; cq;fs; CPA ia ePq;fs; %l NeupLk;. ,jid nghJkf;fs; njspthf mwpe;Jnfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.

13MtJ jpUj;jk; gw;wp jw;NghJ nghpjha;f; fijf;fpwhh;fs;. cq;fSila Nfs;tpfSf;fhd

njspthd gjpy; fpilj;jpUf;Fnkd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. ve;j tifapYk; 13 MtJ

jpUj;jj;jpdhy; ehL ,uz;lhfg; gphpahJ.

,uz;lhfg; gphpag; NghFk; ehl;il xd;WgLj;jyhk;. jkf;F ngUk; mePjp ,uz;lhfg; gphpag; NghFk; ehl;il xd;WgLj;jyhk;. jkf;F ngUk; mePjp

,iof;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf jkpo; kf;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. vt;tifahd mePjp ele;jjhntd rpyh; ,iof;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf jkpo; kf;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. vt;tifahd mePjp ele;jjhntd rpyh;

tpdTfpd;wdh;. mePjp eilngw;Ws;sJ. ehd; ,e;ehl;L mur Nritapy; gzpGhpe;Js;Nsd; tpdTfpd;wdh;. mePjp eilngw;Ws;sJ. ehd; ,e;ehl;L mur Nritapy; gzpGhpe;Js;Nsd;

jw;NghJ vdf;F jfhj thh;j;ijfshy; jpl;l Muk;gpg;ghh;fs;. vdf;F Fz;L itf;fTk; jw;NghJ vdf;F jfhj thh;j;ijfshy; jpl;l Muk;gpg;ghh;fs;. vdf;F Fz;L itf;fTk;

,lKz;L. MapDk; cz;ikiag; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. tptrha mikr;rpd; fhzp rPh;jpUj;j ,lKz;L. MapDk; cz;ikiag; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. tptrha mikr;rpd; fhzp rPh;jpUj;j

Mizf;FOtpy; ehd; murhq;f mjpfhupahf 5 Mz;Lfs; gzp Ghpe;Js;Nsd;. Mizf;FOtpy; ehd; murhq;f mjpfhupahf 5 Mz;Lfs; gzp Ghpe;Js;Nsd;.

md;W fhzp rPh;jpUj;j Mizf;FOtpy; Rkhh; 500 egh;fs; gzp Ghpe;jhh;fs;. xU

jkpoh; $l ,Uf;ftpy;iy. gpd;G vdJ gphpTf;F fzf;fhsh; xUth; Njitg;gl;lhh;. ehk;

mg;gjtpf;fhf Nkw;nfhz;l Neh;Kfg; ghPl;irapypUe;J rpwe;j jifikAs;s ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;

Nritahw;wpa xUtiuj; njhpT nra;Njhk;.

mg;NghJ vdJ gpujhd mjpfhhpfs; Xb te;J nklk; Vd; jkpoh; xUtiu njhpT nra;jPh;fs;

vdf; Nfl;ldh;. mg;gNghJ jkpoh; gpur;rpidnahd;W Vw;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy (73 Mk; Mz;L)

,t;thwhd xU epiyik midj;J mur mYtyfq;fspYk; cUthf;fpapUe;jJ. gpd;dh; ,g;

gpur;rpid njhlh;ghf ehd; Njlj; njhlq;fpNdd;.

ehd; vdf;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;w jifik cs;stiuj;jhd; Njh;e;njLj;Njd;. mg;NghJ

ehd; xU khf;rp];l; vdJ khf;rp] rpe;jidAld; jpizf;fsq;fspy; jiyapl;L Njlj;

njhlq;fpNdd;. kpff; FiwthfNt jkpoh;fs; fhzg;gl;ldh;.

khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjdhy; ghhpa gpur;rpidfs; khfhz rigfSf;F fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjdhy; ghhpa gpur;rpidfs;

vOtjhf ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; cl;gl gyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F VJk; mbg;gil cz;lh?vOtjhf ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; cl;gl gyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F VJk; mbg;gil cz;lh?

ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; ,Jgw;wpf; fw;ftpy;iy. kpfr; rkPgj;jpNyNa mjpfhug; gfph;T

gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gl;bUg;ghh;. Xt;nthUtuJ ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy.

murhq;fj;jpd; fw;wwpe;j gy mikr;rh;fs; mJ mt;thwy;y vdg; gjpyspj;Js;shh;fs; my;yth?

vdJ fUj;Jk; mJNt. mJ gw;wp ed;whf gj;jphpiffspYk; fUj;Jf;fs; ntspte;jd. me;

egh;fSf;F NtW egh;fis <LgLj;jp jpl;bj; jPu;j;jJk; ,e;j murhq;fk; jhd;.

MdhYk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjhff; $wptpl;L njw;fpy; te;J jhf;Ftjw;F

mjpfhukpy;iy jhNd.

mth;fsJ eltbf;iffis epUtfpf;fpd;w nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; kl;Lk; jhd;



vy;.hP.hP.< apdhpd;

fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;J 75¤ Gtpapay;

gpuNjrj;ij tpLtpj;Njhk;.


mjpfhug; gfph;T %yk;

gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;Nghnkd

ehk; gjtpNaw;wTlNdNa vy;.

hP.hP.< ,dUf;Ff; $wpNdhk;.

gpughfud; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy;

fye;J nfhz;L 8 khjq;fspy;

gpd; mjidg; Gwe;js;sp

tpl;L nrd;W tpl;lhh;. vJtpj

fhuzKk; ,d;wp gpd;dh; Aj;jk;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Aj;jnkd;why;

Aj;jk; rkhjhdnkhd;why;

rkhjhdk; vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;.


mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;. (gpujp nghyp]; kh mjpgu; tlf;fpypUe;J) Neubahf kj;jpa murpd;

nghyp]; kh mjpguhfj;jhd; ,q;F tUthh;. tlf;fpid epUtfpf;Fk; nghyp]; Kjy;tuhf

mth;jhd; ,Ug;ghh;. ,q;Fs;s nghyp]; kh mjpgNu ,w;F jhd; KOg;nghWg;igAk; Vw;ghu;.

vdNt mtu;fs; mQ;RtJ Nghy elf;Fkh?

eilKiwapid ehk; ghh;g;Nghk;> mt;thwhdnjhd;W ,yq;ifapy; eilngw;Ws;sjhy;>

mijr; nra;tjhapd; vy;.hP.hP.< jhd; nra;Js;sJ. ,uhZtj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp vy;.

uP.uP.<. jhf;Fjiy elj;jtpy;iy. mq;F jkf;nfd gpuj;jpNafkhf ,uhZtnkd;iw

cUthf;fpj;jhd; jhf;fpdhh;fs;. ehk; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ cz;ik jhd;.

MapDk; ehk; mjidr; rhpahf Ma;T nra;Nthkhapd; rpy ehLfspy; njhifahfr; nry;tJ

Nghy; nghyprpypUe;Njh ,uhZtj;jpypUe;Njh xUth; $l vy;.uP.uP.< cld; ,ize;J

nfhs;stpy;iy my;yth?

rphpahtpy; ,uhZtj;jpdh; murhq;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf fpsu;r;rpahsu;fSld; tifnjhifapdu;

nry;fpd;wdu;. ,yq;ifapy; xU NghJk; mt;thW elf;ftpy;iy.

ehd; nrhy;tJk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Lj;jhd; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ehd; nrhy;tJk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Lj;jhd; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

tlf;fpw;F nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg; gl;lhy; md;whlk; eilngWk; fsT> nfhs;is> tlf;fpw;F nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg; gl;lhy; md;whlk; eilngWk; fsT> nfhs;is>

Coy; Nghd;w Fw;wr; nray;fs; gw;wpNa nghyp]; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. Coy; Nghd;w Fw;wr; nray;fs; gw;wpNa nghyp]; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.

vkJ rpq;fsth;fs; tlf;F fpof;F gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mth;fisj; jhf;fp jPapl;Lf;

nfhSj;jp tPLfis vhpf;Fk; NghJk; mbj;J nehWf;fp ntl;b nfhiy nra;Ak; NghJk; mth;fs;

mQ;Rtjpy; epahakpy;iyah? jw;NghJ rkhjhdk; cUthfpAs;s #oypYk; ghJfhg;Gg;

gphpTfSld; njhlh;ghd rpyh; jkpo; tpjitg; ngz;fs; kPJ ghypay; gyhj;fhuk; Gupfpd;wdu;.

Aj;jk; Kbtile;J xU tUlk; fopfpd;w NghNj 13"14"15 taJila ngUk;ghyhd rpWkpfs;

fUTw;wpUe;jhh;fs;.

mjdhy;> ,t;thwhd Fw;wr; nray;fisj; jLg;gjw;fhf vq;fsJ Ml;fisg; Nghl;L

vkf;Fs; xU nghypir cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tJ mePjpah?

gpujp nghyp]; kh mjpgupd; fl;lisg;gbNa mth;fs; Nkw;ghh;it nra;ag;gLthh;fs;.

mg;NghJ gioa vy;.hP.hP.< ,dh;fs; rpyiu Ml;Nru;f;f ,th;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk;. mJ

ed;whf Muha;e;J rpe;jpj;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

mg;NghJ Ml;Nrh;f;Fk; NghNj fl;Lg;ghL xd;W Vw;gLk;. tlf;fpd; midj;J ,lq;fspYk;

,uhZtk; cs;sJ. cz;ikapy; rptpy; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;gth;fNs nghyprhh;.

Nghyprhiu Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;JNthk; vd vdJ Ml;rpapd; NghJ mikr;rh; uj;tj;j

mth;fs; vd;Dld; thjpl;lhh;. ehd; mij kWj;Njd;. gy tUlq;fs; ,t;thW kWj;jd;

gpd;G ,Wjpapy; ehd; mDkjpaspj;Njd;. gpd;dh; Vw;fdNt ,Uf;fhj Coy; nghyprpYk;

GFe;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;wtw;iw jw;NghJ ctkhdkhff;

nfhs;s KbahJ. vy;.hP.hP.< ,af;fkhf cUthfp ghhpa Aj;jnkhd;iwr; nra;Ak; epiyikf;F

tsh;r;rpaile;j Ntisapy; tlf;fpy; ,uhZtk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ,th;fshy;

Rje;jpukhf xd;W Nru Kbe;jJ. tlf;fpy; nghyp]; epiyaq;fs; kpfr; rpwpa mstpy;

fhzg;gl;lJld; nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; xU rpyNu mq;F ,Ue;jdh;. Kiwahf MAjq;fs; $l

toq;fg;gltpy;iy.

jw;NghJ cyfj;jpNyNa cs;s kpfr; rf;jp tha;e;j MAjq;fs; (ngUk;ghyhdit ehd;

tutioj;J toq;fpait) rfpjk; Kg;gilfspd; Kfhk;fs; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; ,Uf;Fk;

NghJ tl khfhz rigf;Fg; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;lhYk; vt;thW mth;fs;

jhf;Fthh;fs;? ahh; kWj;jhYk; ehd; rthy; tpLfpNwd;. 83 Mk; Mz;L fWg;G [Piy ,lk;

ngwtpy;iynad;W $w KbAkh? 58 Mk; Mz;by; jkpo; kf;fisj; jhf;ftpy;iy vdf; $w

KbAkh? Aj;jk; Kbtile;j gpd; rpiwg;gpbj;j rptpypad;fshd kf;fSf;F ,t; murhq;fk;

gy;NtW ,d;dy;fisf; nfhLf;ftpy;iynadf; $w KbAkh?

MfNt mk; kf;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfis rdehaf Kiwapy; njhpT nra;a> khfhz rigfs;

ghuhSkd;w gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; Fiwe;jJ vk;ikg; ghJfhf;fpd;w vk;ikj; jhf;fhj xU

nghypir ehk; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W $WtJ epahakpy;iyah? MapDk; Kd;G

$wpathNw mg; nghypRk; epUtfpf;fg;gLk;. Njitahapd; ehd; kfpe;j uh[gf;\Tf;F me;j

epUtfpf;Fk; KiwapidAk; jpl;lj;ijAk; toq;fj; jahh;.



Phot

o So

urce

: www

.pics

earc

h.co

m

ePq;fs; gjtpapypUe;j 10 Mz;Lfspd; NghJ khfhz rigfis tYg;ngwr; nra;tjw;fhf ePq;fs; gjtpapypUe;j 10 Mz;Lfspd; NghJ khfhz rigfis tYg;ngwr; nra;tjw;fhf

fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;f tpy;iynad;w Fw;wr;rhl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.fhzp nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;f tpy;iynad;w Fw;wr;rhl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.

rpq;fs kf;fs; Nfl;fhkNyNa khfhz rig Kiw nfhz;Ltug;gl;lNj mjw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;. rpq;fs kf;fs; Nfl;fhkNyNa khfhz rigfs; gyte;jkhf nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld

vd jw;NghJ nghJgy Nrdh> [hjpfn`y cWka Mfpa ,U jPtputhjf; fl;rpfSk; ,yq;if

Rje;jpuf; fl;rpapYs;s rpy jPtpu thjpfSk; $Wfpd;whh;fs;. vdNt> khfhz rigfs;

Kw;whf xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;fs;. tpky; tPutd;r Nghd;NwhUk; mt;thNw

$Wfpwhh;fs;.

mjpy; xUtpjkhd cz;ikAk; cs;sJ. Rpq;fs kf;fs; Nfl;fhkNyNa ,J KO

ehl;bw;Fk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thW mijf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs;

,uz;bw;Fk; ;xU rjj;ijNaDk; toq;fhjJjhd; N[.Mh;. [ath;jd nra;j kpff; Nftykhd

nray;.

gpd;dh; mjid mopg;gjw;fhd vQ;rpa Ntiyfisg; gpughfud; nra;J Kbj;jhh;. tlf;F

fpof;Fg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;thff; jhd; cz;ikapNyNa khfhz rigfs; 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpd;

fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. mt;thW nra;tjhapd; Vida khfhz rigfSf;Fk; toq;FtJ

rpwe;jJ. mjpfhuj;ijg; gfph;tJ NkYk; rpwe;jJ vd;gjdhy; jhd; mJ mt;thW toq;fg;gl;lJ.

vdJ murhq;fk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,d;wp Vida khfhzq;fSf;Fg; vdJ murhq;fk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,d;wp Vida khfhzq;fSf;Fg;

Nghypahf vy;yh mjpfhuq;fisAk; toq;fp tlf;F fpof;fpw;F vJTNk toq;fhky; Nghypahf vy;yh mjpfhuq;fisAk; toq;fp tlf;F fpof;fpw;F vJTNk toq;fhky;

itj;jpUg;gJ epahakw;wJ. mJ jhd; gpujhd fhuzk;.vg;NghjhtJ tlf;F fpof;fpy; itj;jpUg;gJ epahakw;wJ. mJ jhd; gpujhd fhuzk;.vg;NghjhtJ tlf;F fpof;fpy;

Aj;jj;ij epWj;jp kPz;Lk; mjpfhug; gfph;nthd;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhy; mJ midtUf;Fk; Aj;jj;ij epWj;jp kPz;Lk; mjpfhug; gfph;nthd;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhy; mJ midtUf;Fk;

ey;yJ vd mjdhy; jhd; ehd; $wpNdd;. eilngw Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; toq;fhky; ey;yJ vd mjdhy; jhd; ehd; $wpNdd;. eilngw Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; toq;fhky;

Vidath;fSf;F kl;Lk; toq;Ftjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy. Vidath;fSf;F kl;Lk; toq;Ftjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy.

mjpfhug; gfph;T vd;w fyhrhu r%fkag;gLj;jg;gl;l epajpr;rl;lq;fs; jhd; khfhz

rigfSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jitahFk;. epajpr;rl;lq;fisj; jahupj;jy; tpNrlkhf

tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; Vida khfhzq;fis tplTk; Kd;dzpapy; cs;sJ. ,f;

fhuzj;jpdhy; mgptpUj;jp vd;w tplak; fpuhkj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;tJ mgptpUj;jp vd;w

[dehaf chpik khfhz kf;fSf;F fpilf;fpwJ vd;w fhuzp ,jd; %yk; Nknyoj;

Jtq;fpaJ.



mth;fsJ eltbf;iffis

epUtfpf;fpd;w nghyp];

mjpfhuq;fs; kl;Lk; jhd;

mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

(gpujp nghyp]; kh mjpgu;

tlf;fpypUe;J) Neubahf kj;jpa

murpd; nghyp]; kh mjpguhfj;

jhd; ,q;F tUthh;. tlf;fpid

epUtfpf;Fk; nghyp]; Kjy;tuhf

mth;jhd; ,Ug;ghh;. ,q;Fs;s

nghyp]; kh mjpgu; ,w;F jhd;

KOg;nghWg;igAk; Vw;ghu;.

vdNt mtu;fs; mQ;RtJ Nghy

elf;Fkh?

MdhYk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa ngUk;ghyhd Gjpa mjpfhuq;fs; khfhz

rigfsplk; fhzg;gl;ld. fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; vd;gd njhlh;ghf mth;fs; ghupastpy;

gzpahw;wpdhh;fs;.

,d;Dk; gy tplaq;fis ehd; $w Ntz;bAs;sJ. Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; vd;w tplak;

UNP Muk;gpj;J itj;j xd;whFk;. Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jpy; gjtp tfpj;j ngUk;ghyhd

mikr;rh;fs; Rfhjhu> fy;tp mikr;rh;fs; mth;fsJ mjpfhuq;fis mjpfhpj;Jj; jUkhW

ve;NeuKk; Nfhupdhu;fs;. khfhz rigfspd; fPo; fhzg;gl;l ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk;

itj;jparhiyfis kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tu mikr;ruitf;F Nahrid

njhptpj;jdh;. ,it midj;ijAk; ehd; epuhfhpj;Njd;. ehd; xU NghJk; mtw;wpw;F

,lkspf;ftpy;iy.

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,y;yhj tplaq;fs; rpytw;iwg; Gjpjhf khfhz

rigfSf;F toq;Ftjw;F rl;lq;fisf; nfhz;LtUtjw;F ehd; ,lkspf;ftpy;iy.

,yq;ifapd; Muk;g mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd rl;lq;fisf; khfhz rigfspd; ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g mjpfhug; gfph;Tf;fhd rl;lq;fisf; khfhz rigfspd;

mjpfhuj;ijf; $l toq;fg;glhJ khfhz rigj; Njh;jy;fis elhj;jg; Nghfpd;wdh;. mjpfhuj;ijf; $l toq;fg;glhJ khfhz rigj; Njh;jy;fis elhj;jg; Nghfpd;wdh;.

,e;jpahTk; may; ehLfSk; ek;Kld; Nfhgpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiyapy; cs;sd. ,t;thwhd ,e;jpahTk; may; ehLfSk; ek;Kld; Nfhgpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiyapy; cs;sd. ,t;thwhd

xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ePq;fs; vt;thwhd xU ey;ypzf;fj;ijg; gpNuhpf;fpd;wPh;fs;? xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ePq;fs; vt;thwhd xU ey;ypzf;fj;ijg; gpNuhpf;fpd;wPh;fs;?

NtW xU jPh;tpid ehd; fhztpy;iy. gjtpapYs;s murhq;fj;jpd; %is njsptila

Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW %isia njsptilar; nra;Ak; ,g; gpur;rpid ahJ? ,g; gpur;ridf;F>

mbg;gilahd> tplaq;fisg; Ghpe;Jnfhz;L> mjidf; fw;wwpe;J> mjd; gpd; kj;jpa

murhq;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;. ,e;ehl;by; thOk; jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fs; jhk; njspthfNt

VNjhnthU kl;lj;jpw;F jkJ eltbf;iffis epUthfk; nra;tjw;fhd chpik mth;fsplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gplg;gl;litfs; ePq;Fk; NghJ ,itfSk; jhdhfNt ePq;Fk;. ,e;j ehl;L

jkpo; kf;fSld; ,e;jpahtpd rpy gphpTfisr; Nrh;e;j jkpo; kf;fSldhd rNfhuj;Jtk;

epyTfpwJ.

Fiwe;j gl;rk; jw;NghjhtJ ,yq;iftho; jkpo; kf;fSf;Fhpa chpikfis toq;FkhW

mth;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,yq;if murhq;fk; mjpfhuq;fis toq;fpdhy; ,e;jpa jkpo;

kf;fspilNa epyTfpd;w Nfhgjhgk; KbtilAk;. ,e;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; kdf;Fiw ahJ?

Vd; 13 MtJ jpUj;jj;ij toq;f Kbahnjd;gNj mth;fsJ Nfs;tp MFk;.

,e;j 13 MtJ murpayikg;gpid tYtilar; nra;aTk; NkYk; mjpfhug; gfph;it ,e;j 13 MtJ murpayikg;gpid tYtilar; nra;aTk; NkYk; mjpfhug; gfph;it

toq;fTk; vy;vy;Mh;rP toq;fTk; vy;vy;Mh;rP (LLRC)(LLRC) Mizf;FO gupe;Jiu nra;Js;sJ. Aj;jj;jpd; gpd; Mizf;FO gupe;Jiu nra;Js;sJ. Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;vy;Mh;rP Mizf;FOtpd; ve;jtpj ghpe;JiufSk; mKy;gLj;jg;glhj xU Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;vy;Mh;rP Mizf;FOtpd; ve;jtpj ghpe;JiufSk; mKy;gLj;jg;glhj xU

epiyikNa cs;sJ. ,J gw;wp cq;fSila fUj;J ahJ? epiyikNa cs;sJ. ,J gw;wp cq;fSila fUj;J ahJ?

mij kfpe;j uh[gf;\tplk; jhd; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ mtuhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Xh;

Mizf;FOthFk;. mJ ntWk; gfpbf;fhf cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy. kf;fspd; epjpapid

tpuakhf;fp Mizf;FOtpid cUthf;fpdhy; mjid eilKiwg;gLj;jj; jhNd

Ntz;Lk;. mij eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ gw;wp [dhjpgjp mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

17MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij ,y;yhnjhopj;J 18 MtJ murpayikg;Gj; 17MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij ,y;yhnjhopj;J 18 MtJ murpayikg;Gj;

jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jk; NghJ 13 MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpd; jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jk; NghJ 13 MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpd;

mjpfhuq;fs; vt;tsT J}uk; eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhdJ vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fsJ fUj;J mjpfhuq;fs; vt;tsT J}uk; eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhdJ vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fsJ fUj;J

vd;d? vd;d?

17 Njit vdTk; 18 ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk; ehd; $WfpNwd;. 17 If;

nfhz;Lte;jJ ehd; jhd;. ,th;fisg; Nghy; ehd; Nghypahf Mizf; FOf;fis

epakpf;ftpy;iy. gyuJ fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W Mokhfr; rpe;jpj;Jj; jhd; ehk; mijf; nfhz;L

te;Njhk;.

13MtJ jpUj;jKk; 17 MtJ jpUj;jKk; rkhe;jukhfr; nrd;why; rhjfkhd Kbtpidg; 13MtJ jpUj;jKk; 17 MtJ jpUj;jKk; rkhe;jukhfr; nrd;why; rhjfkhd Kbtpidg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk; vd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk; vd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?

rhpahfr; nrhd;dPh;fs;. mJ mt;thW jhd; elf;Fk;.



vkJ rpq;fsth;fs; tlf;F

fpof;F gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W

mth;fisj; jhf;fp jPapl;Lf;

nfhSj;jp tPLfis vhpf;Fk;

NghJk; mbj;J nehWf;fp ntl;b

nfhiy nra;Ak; NghJk; mth;fs;

mQ;Rtjpy; epahakpy;iyah?

jw;NghJ rkhjhdk; cUthfpAs;s

#oypYk; ghJfhg;Gg; gphpTfSld;

njhlh;ghd rpyh; jkpo; tpjitg;

ngz;fs; kPJ ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;

Gupfpd;wdu;. Aj;jk; Kbtile;J

xU tUlk; fopfpd;w NghNj

13"14"15 taJila ngUk;ghyhd

rpWkpfs; fUTw;wpUe;jhh;fs;.

mjdhy;> ,t;thwhd Fw;wr;

nray;fisj; jLg;gjw;fhf

vq;fsJ Ml;fisg; Nghl;L

vkf;Fs; xU nghypir cUthf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tJ

mePjpah?

,yq;ifapYs;s jw;Nghija murpay; fl;rpfspy; [dehafk; cz;L vd ePq;fs; ,yq;ifapYs;s jw;Nghija murpay; fl;rpfspy; [dehafk; cz;L vd ePq;fs;

epidf;fpwPh;fsh? ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rp xU [dehaf murpay; fl;rpah? epidf;fpwPh;fsh? ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rp xU [dehaf murpay; fl;rpah?

Mk; ,d;W tiu ,yq;if Rje;jpuf; fl;rp [dehaff; fl;rpNa Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapy;

fhzg;gl;l fhzg;gLfpd;w Mff; $Ljyhd [dehafj;ijAila fl;rp ,yq;if Rje;jpuf;

fl;rp vd ehd; vdJ gfpuq;f fye;Jiuahly;fspYk; gfpuq;f NkilfspYk; $wpAs;Nsd;.

Nfhs;ifapdbg;gilapy; xU NghJk; Ml;fisf; nfhiy nra;ahj (vkf;Fr; rhjfkhd

Kiwapy;) xU fl;rp vkJ fl;rp. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; jkpo; kf;fisf; nfhd;whh;fs;. ehk;

xU NghJk; mt;thW nra;atpy;iy.

,yq;ifapd; khf;rp] fl;rpfspuz;Lk; $l mt;thW nra;atpy;iy. fk;a+dp];l; ehLfspy;

Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. Mdhy;> vkJ ehl;by; mt;thW

eilngwtpy;iy. mJ cz;ikahFk;.

jkpo; fl;rpfSk; vy;.hP.hP.< ,af;fKk; kdpjh;fis nfhiy nra;Js;sdh;. vkJ

fl;rpapy; ve;NeuKk; kpfTk; [dehaf KiwapNyNa mjpfhhpfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.

,uz;lhz;LfSf;nfhU Kiwjhd; fl;rpapd; jiyth; $l njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;. ehDk;

vdJ mk;khTk; mg;ghTk; ;62 tUlq;fs; fl;rpapd; jiyikg; gjtpia tfpj;Njhk;. vd;W

,uz;lhz;LfSf;nfhU Kiw my;yJ %d;whz;LfSf;F xU jlit ahg;gpw;F Vw;g

thf;nfLg;G %yNk jiyth; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;. jw;NghJ fl;rpapy; me;j [dehafk;

ngaustpNyNa cs;sJ. Mdhy; Nghypahf thf;nfLg;G elhj;Jfpwhh;fs; kf;fis

kpul;Lfpwhh;fs;. fl;rpapd; ahg;gpy; jw;NghJ me;j [dehafk; ngaustpy; klLNk

fhzg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; eilKiwg;gLj;j tpLtjpy;iy. vkJ ehLk; murpayikg;Gr;

rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g [dehaf ehL vdf; $Wfpwhh;fs;. MdhYk; [dehafj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;j

tpLtjpy;iy my;yth? Nts;is Ntd;> kpul;Ljy;> gaKWj;Jjy;> nfhiy vd;gd

epyTfpwJ. Mt;thW fl;rpf;Fs;Sk; ,it eilngwj; Jtq;FfpwJ. Gjtpf;F te;jTlNdNa

vd;Dld; fijf;f Ntz;lhk; vd midj;J ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fisAk; [dhjpgjp

mr;RWj;jpdh;. jw;NghJ mth;fs; vd;idf; fz;lTld; gae;J xope;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. MdhYk;

,ufrpakhff; fijf;fpwhh;fs;. fijj;jth;fis tutioj;J VrpapUf;fpwhh;. kq;fs rkutPu

,jw;F xU rpwe;j cjhuzk;.

fpuhkj;jpYs;s fl;rp mq;fj;jth;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;Nj njhFjpapd; mjpfhuf; fpuhkj;jpYs;s fl;rp mq;fj;jth;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;Nj njhFjpapd; mjpfhuf;

FO cUthfpwJ. njhFjpapd ;mjpfhuf;FO tpUk;Gfpd;wth;fs; jhd; Njh;jy; mNgl;rfuhf FO cUthfpwJ. njhFjpapd ;mjpfhuf;FO tpUk;Gfpd;wth;fs; jhd; Njh;jy; mNgl;rfuhf

epakdk; ngWthh;. jw;NghJ ,U fl;rpfSk; fPo; kl;lj;jpypUe;Nj Nky;Nehf;fp gpujpepjpfisj; epakdk; ngWthh;. jw;NghJ ,U fl;rpfSk; fPo; kl;lj;jpypUe;Nj Nky;Nehf;fp gpujpepjpfisj;

njhpT nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf fl;rpj; jiyth; my;yJ fl;rpj; jiytp tpUk;Gk; egh;fs; njhpT nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf fl;rpj; jiyth; my;yJ fl;rpj; jiytp tpUk;Gk; egh;fs;

njhFjp Vw;ghl;lhsh;fshf epWj;jg;gLfpwhh;f;s. mjd;NghJ cs;sf [dehafk;> jkJ fl;rp njhFjp Vw;ghl;lhsh;fshf epWj;jg;gLfpwhh;f;s. mjd;NghJ cs;sf [dehafk;> jkJ fl;rp

mq;fj;jth;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfisj; njhpT nra;Ak; chpik vd;gd ,uz;L fl;rpfspYk; mq;fj;jth;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfisj; njhpT nra;Ak; chpik vd;gd ,uz;L fl;rpfspYk;

,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. [dehaff; fl;likg;G xd;W fhzg;gl;lhy; ,jid tplTk; ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. [dehaff; fl;likg;G xd;W fhzg;gl;lhy; ,jid tplTk;

ntw;wpaspf;Fky;yth?ntw;wpaspf;Fky;yth?

rl;lhPjpahf ,yq;if Rje;jpu fl;rpf;Fs; Fwpj;j mf; fl;likg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ

vdJ flrpapy; 62 Mz;L fhyk; jiyth;fshf ,Ue;j NghJ ehk; jiyaPLfis

Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy. rpy Vw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mth;fsJ njhFjpfspy; mijr; nra;jhh;fs;.

ngUk;ghd;ikahdth;fs; fpisr;rq;fq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj njupthfpdu;. midtUk;

miof;fg;gl;L mth;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.

ehd; fl;rpapd; jiytpahf ,Uf;Fk; tiu fl;rpapd; fpisfspy; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fis

epakpf;fg;gLtJ [dehaf hPjpahf ,lk; ngw;wJ.

[dehafk; tYtilAk; gl;rj;jpy; flrpapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F vJTNk $w KbahJ.

fl;rpj; jiyikf;Fk; [dehaf hPjpahf chpik cz;L. vth; rhh;gpyhtJ Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl ,U

rhuhUf;Fk; chpik cz;L. vth; rpwe;jtNuh mtUf;F kf;fs; thf;fspg;gh;. (96 Mk; Mz;L

[_d; tiuf;Fk; fl;rpapd; ahg;G ,JthFk;)

[dehaf hPjpapyhd fyhrhunkhd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; ,t; midj;J gpur;rpidfSf;Fk;

jPh;T fpilf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapy; kl;Lky;y ,e;jpahtpYk; ,Nj gpur;rpid fhzg;gLfpwJ

epr;rakhf [dehaf Kiwik tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ cz;ikNa.



khfhz rigfs; nts;is ahid vd;gJ

epahakw;wJepahakw;wJ

mikr;ru;> Nguhrpupau; jp];] tpjhuz

Phot

o so

urce

: vi

meo

.com

tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; khfhzrig tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; khfhzrig

Kiwikf;Fk; nghJthf 13 tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhfTk; Kiwikf;Fk; nghJthf 13 tJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhfTk;

ehLKOtJk; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fisf; fhzKbfpwJ. 1987 ,ypUe;j ehLKOtJk; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fisf; fhzKbfpwJ. 1987 ,ypUe;j

vjph;g;Gf;Fk; jw;NghJs;s vjph;g;Gf;Fk; VjhtJ NtWghLfs; vjph;g;Gf;Fk; jw;NghJs;s vjph;g;Gf;Fk; VjhtJ NtWghLfs;

cs;sdth?cs;sdth?

1987 ,d;gpd;dh; ePz;lfhyk; fle;J tpl;lJ. vkf;F ,J njhlh;gpy;

ngUk; mDgtk; cs;sJ. md;iwa vjph;g;Gf;F mbg;gil ,Ue;jJ.

fhuzk; mjw;fpUe;j ,e;jpahtpd; Neub jiyaPlhFk;. md;W ,e;jpa-

,yq;if xg;ge;jk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiw njhlh;gpy; ,d;Wk;

vkJ njspthd vjph;g;G cs;sJ. Mdhy; mjd; %yk; Ngr Kaw;rpj;j

gpur;rid kw;Wk; mjw;F toq;fpa jPh;T njhlh;gpy; vk;kplk; ghuhl;Nl

cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd mjpfhug;gfph;T Kiwik njhlh;ghfTs;s

vjph;g;Gf;fhd mbg;gil vd;d vd;gjidf;$l vd;dhy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s

KbahJs;sJ. 1927 fhyg;gFjpapy; S.W.R.D.gz;lhuehaf;f mth;fs;

midj;J gpui[fSf;Fk; rkkhd chpikfis ghJfhg;gjhapd;

fPo; kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhuk; gfpug;gl Ntz;Lnkd Kd;nkhope;jhh;.

mth; cz;ikapNyNa ehk; vz;Ztij tplTk; mg;ghy; nrd;W

,jid Nehf;fpdhh;. jw;NghJs;s khfhz rigfSf;Fk; mg;ghy;

nrd;W mjpfhuk; gfpug;gl;l myFfisf; nfhz;like;j $l;lhl;rp

murpayikg;igNa mth; Kd;nkhope;jhh;. Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj

Njrpa xw;Wikia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf ,J Njitahd

eltbf;ifnad (mjpfhug;gfph;T) ngUk;ghyhNdhh;

fUjpajidNa ,jd;%yk; fhzKbfpwJ. ,jid

$LjyhNdhh; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJld; “mjpfhug;gfph;T myF”

njhlh;gpy; rpy fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ue;jJ. myFfs; nghpaJ



,dg;gpur;rid njhlh;ghd

fye;Jiuahly; ePz;lfhykhf

ele;jJ. mg;NghJ N[.Mu;.

[ath;j;jd [dhjpgjp mjw;F

VjhtJ nra;aNtz;LnkDk;

epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jhh;.

mjd;NghJ ,e;jpahTld;

cld;gLtijj; jtpu NtW

khw;Wj;jPh;T ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

,e;jpa -,yq;if

xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf ed;ik

fpilf;ftpy;iynad;W

vtuhYk; thjpl KbAnkd;W

ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ,sk; MAj

FOf;fshfg; gpugykile;jpUe;j

<Nuh];> Gnshl;> E.P.R.L.F, E.P.D.P Nghd;w FOf;fs;

,e;jpa - ,yq;if

xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf Vw;gl;l

tha;g;gpdhNyNa [dehaf

topf;F te;jd.

vd;gjdhy; khtl;l kl;lj;Jf;Fr; nry;y

Ntz;Lnkd rpyh; epidj;jhh;fs;. ,d;Dk;

rpyh; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhuk; gfpug;gl

Ntz;Lnkd Kd;nkhope;jhh;fs;. ,f;fUj;J

NtWghLfSf;fpilapy; 1983 ,y; jkpo;

kf;fSf;nfjpuhf ,dthjj;ijj; J}z;b

Nkhrkhd mdh;j;jk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

cz;ikapNyNa vkJ ehL Nkhrkhd

epiyapypUe;jNghJ ,e;jpah jiyaPL

nra;jJ. ,dg;gpur;rid njhlh;ghd

fye;Jiuahly; ePz;lfhykhf ele;jJ.

mg;NghJ N[.Mu;. [ath;j;jd [dhjpgjp

mjw;F VjhtJ nra;aNtz;LnkDk;

epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jhh;. mjd;NghJ

,e;jpahTld; cld;gLtijj; jtpu NtW

khw;Wj;jPh;T ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,e;jpa

-,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf ed;ik

fpilf;ftpy;iynad;W vtuhYk; thjpl

KbAnkd;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ,sk; MAj FOf;fshfg;

gpugykile;jpUe;j <Nuh];> Gnshl;>

E.P.R.L.F, E.P.D.P Nghd;w FOf;fs;

,e;jpa - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhf

Vw;gl;l tha;g;gpdhNyNa [dehaf topf;F

te;jd. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kl;Lk;

[dehaf topf;F tuhky; njhlh;r;rpahf

jkJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;nfhz;L

nrd;wdh;. me;jg; Nghuhl;lKk; jw;NghJ

Kbtile;Js;sJ. fle;j fhyj;jpd;

frg;ghd mDgtj;ijg; ngw;w midj;J

jug;gpw;FKhpa jkpo; kf;fs; ,e;j ehl;bd;

gpui[fshf Xh; ,yq;ifauhf nraw;glj;

jahuhf cs;s NeukpJ.

khfhz rig Njh;jy; ,q;Nf

rpwg;ghdnjhU tha;g;ghFk;.

mg;gbahapd; ,j;Njh;jYf;Fk; nghJthd

mjpfhug;gfph;tpw;Fk; vjph;g;G njhptpg;gjd;

%yk; ehk; kPz;Lk; gpd;Nehf;fp

nry;tjidj;jtpu mk; Kaw;rpia

Kw;Nghf;fhdjhf ehd; ghh;f;ftpy;iy.

khfhz rigfis nts;is ahidnad;W

$wp thjpLtJk; jh;f;fhPjpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sf;$bajy;y. cz;ikapNyNa

nkhj;j khfhzrigr; nrytpypUe;J 7¤

nryT kl;LNk eph;thf kw;Wk; murpay;

mjpfhhpfSf;fhd nrythf ,Uf;fpwJ.

vQ;rpa 93¤ j;ijAk; fl;lhakhf

khfhz kf;fSf;fhf nrytpl Ntz;ba

NjitfSf;fhfNt nrytplg;gLfpwJ.

mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf al;bahe;Njhl;il

Nghd;w nfhOk;Gf;F ntspNaAs;s

gFjpia vd;dhy; cjhuzkhff; fhl;l

KbAk;. mjd; murpay; mjpfhu rigapd;

jiyth; ehNd. mjdhy; mg;gFjpapd;

mgptpUj;jp njhlh;gpy; vdf;F gue;j

mwpTs;sJ. vdJ khkdhuhd vd;.vk;.

ngNuuh mth;fshy; mg;gpuNjrk; mgptpUj;jp

mile;jjd; gpd;dh; mjd; mgptpUj;jpfs;

rPh;Fiye;jd. Mdhy; khfhz rig

KiwikA+lhf mq;F ngUk; Kd;Ndw;wk;

Vw;gl;Ls;sjid ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. jhk;

Njh;jypy; Njhy;tp mile;J tpLNthNkh

vd;W gae;jhtJ khfhz rigg; gpujpepjpfs;

,g;gpuNjrq;fSf;F Nritahw;WtJk;

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;

mYtyh;fspd; Mztj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l

fpuhk kf;fSf;F khfhzrig gpujp

epjpf@lhf XusT Nrit fpl;baJ vd;gJ

ntspg;gilahdJ.

Mdhy; NkYnkhU jug;gpdh; Mdhy; NkYnkhU jug;gpdh;

khfhzrig KiwikA+lhf nra;af;$ba khfhzrig KiwikA+lhf nra;af;$ba

Nritfis eph;thf gd;Kfg;gLj;jY}lhf Nritfis eph;thf gd;Kfg;gLj;jY}lhf

Nkw;nfhs;syhnkd thjpLfpd;wdNu? Nkw;nfhs;syhnkd thjpLfpd;wdNu?

me;j Kiwikapd; ed;ik jPikfis

ghPl;rpj;Jg; ghh;j;Js;Nshk;. kf;fSf;F

gzpahw;wpdhYk;> gzpahw;whtpl;lhYk;

mur mYtyh;fspd; Ntiy ,y;yhky;

NghfhJ. gjtp ,y;yhky; NghFk; Mgj;J

XusTf;F khfhzrig gpujpepjpfSf;F

cs;sJ.

mt;thwhapd; vjph;g;gpd; mbg;giljhd; mt;thwhapd; vjph;g;gpd; mbg;giljhd;

vd;d?vd;d?

,q;Nf gpw;Nghf;fhd murpay; Nehf;fk;

cs;sJ. kf;fsplj;jpy; tPz; gak;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Jujpu;\;lkhd

epiy njhlh;ghf rpwe;j tpsf;fk; vkf;F

fpilj;Js;sJ. rh;t fl;rpg; gpujpepjpfs;

khehl;bD}lhf 127 $l;lq;fs; %yk; 17

murpay; fl;rpfs; xd;WNrh;e;J Ngr;Rthh;j;ij

elhj;jpd. gpd;dh; 13 fl;rpfs; xd;WNrh;e;J

xU epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jJ. ,e;j

KiwikapYs;s rpw;rpy FiwghLfis

rPuhf;fp NkYk; Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazpf;fyhk;

vd;gJ vkf;F njspthfpwJ. ehd;

rpwe;j cjhuzk; xd;iw cq;fSf;Ff;

fhl;Lfpd;Nwd;. Vw;fdNt> 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy;

nghyp]; mjpfhuKk; cs;slq;FfpwJ.

midj;J khfhzq;fSf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis mKy;gLj;jtjhapd;

mjw;Fhpa epajpr; rl;lq;fisj; jahhpf;f

Ntz;Lk; Mdhy; vkf;F xU tplak;

njspthdJ. midj;J khfhzrigfspYk;

nghyp]; Mizf;FO ,Ug;gJ

Njitaw;wnjdTk; nghyp]; Mizf;FO



rh;t fl;rpg; gpujpepjpfs;

khehl;bD}lhf 127 $l;lq;fs;

%yk; 17 murpay; fl;rpfs;

xd;WNrh;e;J Ngr;Rthh;j;ij

elhj;jpd. gpd;dh; 13

fl;rpfs; xd;WNrh;e;J xU

epiyg;ghl;Lf;F te;jJ. ,e;j

KiwikapYs;s rpw;rpy

FiwghLfis rPuhf;fp NkYk;

Kd;Ndhf;fpg; gazpf;fyhk;

vd;gJ vkf;F njspthfpwJ.

ehd; rpwe;j cjhuzk; xd;iw

cq;fSf;Ff; fhl;Lfpd;Nwd;.

Vw;fdNt> 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy;

nghyp]; mjpfhuKk;

cs;slq;FfpwJ. midj;J

khfhzq;fSf;Fk; mjw;Fhpa

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis

mKy;gLj;jtjhapd;

mjw;Fhpa epajpr; rl;lq;fisj;

jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;

(Njrpa nghyp]; Mizf;FO) ,Ug;gJ

NghJkhdnjd;gJ njspthdJ. ehk;

mt;thwhd eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhd

eltbf;iffis vLj;J ,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhf

Kaw;rpf;Fk;NghNj ,g;gbahd mbg;gilaw;w

vjph;g;Gf;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

vy;yhUf;fk; njhpe;jJ Nghd;Nw khfhz

rig Kiwikf;Fhpa 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpD}

lhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s %d;W

mjpfhug;glbay;fs; cs;sd. khfhz>

xJf;fpa> xUq;fpia vd;wthW

khfhzrig Kiwikf;Fhpa ngUk;ghyhd

eltbf;iffs; ,e;j xUq;fpiag; gl;bay;

fhuzkhfNt rPh;Fiyfpd;wd. vd;gJ vkJ

mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; %yk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ.

kj;jpa muR khfhzrig Mfpa ,uz;Lk;

xd;whf gad;gLj;j $banjd;gjdhy;

epr;rakw;w jd;ikfhzg;gLtNj

mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ePq;fs; xU

tplaj;ij kwf;ff;$lhJ. ,e;j

mjpfhug;gfph;T Kiwik xw;iwahl;rp

fl;likg;Gf; fikaNt ,e;ehl;by;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thwhd

mjpfhug;gfph;T nraw; ghl;bd;NghJ

mjhtJ xw;iwahl;rp Kiwapy; vg;NghJk;

jpl;lkply; mjpfhuk; (Planing Power) kj;jpa

murplk; ,Ug;gJld; khfhzrigfsplk;

,uz;lhk; epiy mjpfhuk; (Subsidiary Power) ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thwhd epiyapy;

,e;j mjpfhug;gfph;T rl;lj;jpw;fika kj;jpa

muR khfhz rigfis fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

mjd;gb tPz; gaNk Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ

vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.

jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G Ml;rpf;F jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G Ml;rpf;F

te;jhy; jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fs; gphptpid te;jhy; jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fs; gphptpid

Nehf;fpa gazj;Jf;F VJthf mikAk; Nehf;fpa gazj;Jf;F VJthf mikAk;

,Ug;gpDk; ,J njhlh;ghf fUj;J vd;gJ rpy ,Ug;gpDk; ,J njhlh;ghf fUj;J vd;gJ rpy

murpay; thjpfspd; Fw;wr;rhl;lhf ,Uf;fpwJ murpay; thjpfspd; Fw;wr;rhl;lhf ,Uf;fpwJ

cz;ikapNyNa vk;kplk; XusT

mtjhdpg;Gldhd Ra Ghpe;Jzh;T

,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. jw;NghJs;s murpay;

gpd;dzp njhlh;ghf vdf;F ,aYkhd

vy;yh re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; tlf;F kf;fs;

njhlh;ghd gpur;ridfs; gw;wp fijf;f

Kaw;rpg;gJz;L. mz;ikapy; vdf;F

tha;g;G fpilj;jJ. Jaff na forum ,y;

eilngw;w tpthjj;jpy; gq;Fgw;wpNdd;.

mJ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; trpf;Fk;

njhopy;thz;ikahsh;fspd; kw;Wk;

nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mlq;fpa Gj;jp[Ptpfs;

mikg;ghFk;. mq;Nf mth;fs; ehl;bd;

Vida gpui[fisg; Nghd;Nw rkkhd

chpikfis mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;L xNu

ehl;by; tho;tjw;F mth;fSf;Fs;s

tpUg;gj;ij kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; $w

Kaw;rpj;jdh;. gphptpid thjj;ij

fijj;jhy; ,r;rigia [dhjpgjpahy;

fiyj;Jtpl KbAk;. FUjp Njha;e;j

fle;jfhyj;ij kwe;J rkkhd Fbkf;fshf

mikjpahd murpay; Xl;lj;jpy;

EioAk; mth;fis gphptpidthjj;jpd;

gq;fhsh;fnsd;W $WtJ kpfTk;

fPo;j;jukhd murpay; je;jpukhFk;.

,Ug;gpDk; KjyhtJ tlfpof;F ,Ug;gpDk; KjyhtJ tlfpof;F

khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;rh; jdpahd khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;rh; jdpahd

<o muirg; gpufldk; nra;jjD}lhf <o muirg; gpufldk; nra;jjD}lhf

mt;thwhd fUj;J cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ mt;thwhd fUj;J cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

my;yth?my;yth?

me;j fUj;jpd; %yfh;j;jhthd

tujuh[g; ngUkhs; mth;fis vdf;F

jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; njhpAk;. mJkl;Lky;y

me;jr; rk;gtk; njhlh;gpy; mtUld;

fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wKk; nra;Js;Nsd;. jhd;

mt;thW nra;tjw;fhd mjpfhuk; 13MtJ

jpUj;jj;jpD}lhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W

njhpe;Jitj;jpUe;jjhf mth; vd;dplk;

njspthff; $wpdhh;. Mdhy; jdJ

khfhzrig Kd;nkhopAk; ve;jnthU

mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;Jf;Fk; kj;jpa murpd;

epjpnahJf;fPL toq;fhj epiyapy; NtW

vjidAk; nra;aKbahj epiyNa jdf;F

,Ue;jjhf mth; $wpdhh;. jd;Ds;

Vw;gl;l tpuf;jpia ntspg;gLj;Jk; Xh;

cj;jpNa mJthFk;. mjidtplTk;

ve;jnthU mjpfhuKk; ,y;yhj rigapd;

cz;ik epiyia FwpaPl;L hPjpahf

cyFf;F ntspg;gLj;Jtij mth;

vjph;ghh;j;jpUf;fyhk;.

ePq;fSk; cs;slq;fyhf Kf;fpakhd ePq;fSk; cs;slq;fyhf Kf;fpakhd

rpy mikr;rh;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij rpy mikr;rh;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij

kPz;Lk; khw;Wk; murpd; Kaw;rpf;F vjpuhf kPz;Lk; khw;Wk; murpd; Kaw;rpf;F vjpuhf

mzpjpus;tij ehk; fz;Nlhk;. ,J mzpjpus;tij ehk; fz;Nlhk;. ,J

$l;likg;G murpd; fl;rpg;nghWg;ig kPWtJ $l;likg;G murpd; fl;rpg;nghWg;ig kPWtJ

Mfhjh? Mfhjh?

cz;ikapy; ,J fl;rp xg;ge;jj;ij

kPWjyhfhJ. NkYk; NkYk; kfpe;j

rpe;jidia ,Wfg;gpbg;gjhFk;. ePq;fs;

mjid thrpAq;fs;. ,e; ehl;bYs;s

gpur;ridf;F Ngr;Rthh;j;ij %ykhf

jPh;T toq;Ftjhf mjpy; njspthf

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy; jhd; rh;t

fl;rpf;FO (APRC) Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ehd; mjd; jiyth; MNdd;. APRC



gphptpid thjj;ij

fijj;jhy; ,r;rigia

[dhjpgjpahy; fiyj;Jtpl

KbAk;. FUjp Njha;e;j

fle;jfhyj;ij kwe;J

rkkhd Fbkf;fshf

mikjpahd

murpay; Xl;lj;jpy;

EioAk; mth;fis

gphptpidthjj;jpd;

gq;fhsh;fnsd;W $WtJ

kpfTk; fPo;j;jukhd murpay;

je;jpukhFk;.

nraw;ghl;ilj; njhlh;e;J Kd;nfhz;L

nry;yNtz;Lnkd;gNj vkJ nghJthd

Kd;nkhopthFk;. Mdhy; mJ mt;thW

elf;ftpy;iy. jw;NghJ epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOf;$l cUthf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;W ehNk APRC Clhf

Kd;nkhope;jpUe;Njhk;.

,Ug;gpDk; mt;thW epakpf;fg;gl;l ,Ug;gpDk; mt;thW epakpf;fg;gl;l

ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpy; $l cq;fsJ ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpy; $l cq;fsJ

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;iy my;yth?gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;iy my;yth?

vdf;Fk; mJ njhlh;gpy; ngUk;

Mr;rhpak;jhd;. ,J njhlh;ghf murhq;fk;

elhj;jpa Clf re;jpg;gpd;NghJ rh;tfl;rpf;

FOit Kd;nfhz;L nry;tjhapd;

midthpdJk; xj;Jiog;G Njit vdTk;

mjd;gb mj;Jld; ,ize;Jnfhs;SkhW

midj;J fl;rpfSf;Fk; miog;G

tpLg;gjhfTk; njspthff; $wg;gl;lJ.

,t;thwhd murpay; vjph;fhyj;ijf;$l

mh;g;gzpg;G nra;Js;Nshk;. mNjNghd;W

rkrkh[f; fl;rp ,lJrhhp fl;rp vd;whPjpapy;

,e;j ehl;bd; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F murpay;

jPh;T toq;f Ntz;LnkDk; epiyg;ghl;by;

khw;wk; nra;atpy;iy. mjw;Fk; Nkyhf

ehd; ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpd; (APRC)

jiytuhf ,Uf;fpNwd;. mg;gbahd

gpd;dzpapy; ehd; mjpy; ,y;yhjpUg;gJ

njhlh;gpy; Mr;rhpag;gLtjidj;jtpu

nra;tjw;F Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.

mJkl;Lky;y 08 ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs;

gpujpepj;Jtk; nra;Ak;> ,e;ehl;bd; gpujhd

,dnkhd;iw gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;

rpwpyq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; jiytUk;

,jpy; ,y;iy. mJTk; ngUk; mjprakhd

epiyikjhd;.

,e;j epyikia nghJkf;fshd ,e;j epyikia nghJkf;fshd

ehk; vt;thW tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ? ,J ehk; vt;thW tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ? ,J

mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;jspf;fhkypUg;gjw;f;fhd mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;jspf;fhkypUg;gjw;f;fhd

mwpFwpah?mwpFwpah?

midj;J fUj;Jf;fisAk;

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j Ntz;LnkDk;

epiyg;ghl;il iftpl;L jkJ fUj;Jf;fis

kl;Lk; Kd;nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vDk;

gaq;fukhd epiyf;F ,jd; %yfh;j;jhf;fs;

te;jpUg;gjhf vdf;Fj; njhpfpwJ. mjd;

ngWNgw;iw mDgtpf;f mth;fs;

jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; Njrpa

$l;likg;G> If;fpa Njrpa fl;rp> kf;fs;

tpLjiy Kd;dzp Nghd;w murpay;

fl;rpfs; Vw;fdNt jkJ gpujpepj;Jtj;ij

toq;FtJ njhlh;ghf njsptpd;wp

cs;sdh;. ,f;FOtpd; KOikaw;w

gpujpepjpj;JtNk mf;Fog;gj;Jf;Ff;

fhuznkd epidf;fpNwd;. ,jd;NghJ

ghuhSkd;w rk;gpujhak; $l kPwg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,JNghd;w Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd

gpur;rid njhlh;ghf fijf;Fk;NghJ

ghuhSkd;wj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;

midj;Jf; fl;rpfSf;Fk; tha;g;G

toq;FtJ ghuhSkd;w rk;gpujhakhFk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf Njh;jy; Kiw jpUj;jk;

nra;jYf;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l jpNd];

Fzth;j;jd FOtpy; ehDk; cWg;gpduhf

cs;Nsd;. mf;FO$l APRC Clhf

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhopNt. Vida

APRC cWg;gpdh;fspd; tpUg;Gf;fikaNt

ehd; Fwpj;j Njh;jy; FOtpy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;

nra;Njd;. ,jid cz;ikahd

ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOthf vtUk; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;thh;fnsd ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.

mJ ntWkNd murpd; Ntiy kl;LNk.

,e;j epiyapy; vg;gb Njrpa If;fpaj;ij

fl;bnaOg;GtJ. ,jid jpUj;jk;

nra;tjw;fhd mwpT tpiuthf muRf;F

Vw;glNtz;Lnkd ehd; gpuhh;j;jpf;fpNwd;.

Mff; Fiwe;jJ APRC apypUe;j Kiwik>

fl;likg;igahtJ ,jDld; xg;gpl;Lg;

ghh;g;gJk; jw;Nghija fl;lha Njit

vd;gjid $whky; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

13;MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; 13;MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk;

njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; vOg;Gk; vjph;g;ig njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; vOg;Gk; vjph;g;ig

njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;nfhz;L nry;yKbAnkd njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;nfhz;L nry;yKbAnkd

ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh? 18MtJ ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh? 18MtJ

murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; gyh; murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; gyh;

ntspg;gLj;jpa vjph;g;G ,Wjpapy; mth;fSk; ntspg;gLj;jpa vjph;g;G ,Wjpapy; mth;fSk;

mjw;F ifAjh;j;JtJlNd Kbtile;jJ.mjw;F ifAjh;j;JtJlNd Kbtile;jJ.

,J njhlh;gpy; vkf;F ngUk; ek;gpf;if

cs;sJ. ehL gw;wpa czh;T ,Uf;Fkhapd;

Njrpa xw;Wikia fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;baJ

kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ehk; nghWikahf

el;Gzh;Tld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.

kPz;Lk; ehl;by; mopT Vw;glhjpUf;f

Ntz;Lnkdpd; ,g;NghJ ehkidtUk;

ifNfhh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

nraw;ghl;il gpd;js;Sk; Nehf;fnkJTk;

vk;kplkpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; xU tplaj;ij

,q;Nf Qhgfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j

tUlk; jkpo; ehl;by; Njh;jy; elhj;jg;gl

cs;sJ. rpy Gyk;ngah; jkpoh;fs; fLk;

,dthjpfs;. mth;fis jkf;Nfw;wthW

gad;gLj;Jtjw;F fhydpj;Jtthjpfs;

ngUk; Kaw;rpapyPLgLfpd;wdh;.

vdNt mth;fSf;F MAjk; (tha;g;G)



toq;Ftjw;f;F ehk; mtrug;glf;$lhJ.

ehKk; ,e;j murpay; ajhh;j;jj;ij

mwpe;Jjhd; ,e;j vjph;g;igf; fhl;LfpNwhk;.

ePq;fs; ePq;fs; APRCAPRC eltbf;ifapd; eltbf;ifapd;

,Wjpapy; jdpahd gupe;Jiufis ,Wjpapy; jdpahd gupe;Jiufis

jp];] tpjhuz Kd;nkhopTfs; jp];] tpjhuz Kd;nkhopTfs;

vDk; ngahpy; rkh;g;gpj;jPh;fs;. Vida vDk; ngahpy; rkh;g;gpj;jPh;fs;. Vida

,dq;fis gpujpepj;Jtg;gLj;jf;$bathW ,dq;fis gpujpepj;Jtg;gLj;jf;$bathW

Jiz [dhjpgjp gjtp cUthf;fg;gl Jiz [dhjpgjp gjtp cUthf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpfhu Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpfhu

gfph;T kw;Wk; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp gfph;T kw;Wk; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp

Kiwikf;fpilapYs;s njhlh;ig ePq;fs; Kiwikf;fpilapYs;s njhlh;ig ePq;fs;

vg;gb ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?vg;gb ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?

,J njhlh;ghf xNu epiyghNl

vk;kj;jpapYs;sJ. epiwNtw;W

[dhjpgjp gjtpf;nfjpuhf kpfg;ghhpa

Mh;g;ghl;lj;ij Kjw;jlitahf vkJ

fl;rpNa xOq;F nra;jJ. Njhou; vd;.

vk;. ngNuuh mJ njhlh;ghf rpwg;ghd

gFg;gha;it ntspapl;lhh;. gphpj;jhdpa

Kiwia gpd;js;sp mnkhpf;f Kiwia

fLikahff; fl;bg;gpbg;gjd; Mgj;ij mth;

ePz;lfhyj;Jf;F Kd;dNu fz;Lnfhz;lhh;.

,e;j Kiwikia ,y;yhnjhopf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp

Kiwia ePf;Fjy;> ehl;bd;; ey;yhl;rpia

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk;> epahakhd

gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij midj;J r%fq;fSf;F

toq;Ftjw;fhd mbg;gilAk; Vw;gLk;.

,Ug;gpDk; jkJ gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T ,Ug;gpDk; jkJ gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T

ngWtjw;f;F ,yFthd top epiwNtw;W ngWtjw;f;F ,yFthd top epiwNtw;W

[dhjpgjp gjtp epiyj;jpUg;gNj vd;gJ [dhjpgjp gjtp epiyj;jpUg;gNj vd;gJ

,yq;if njhopyhsh; fhq;fpu]; Nghd;w ,yq;if njhopyhsh; fhq;fpu]; Nghd;w

fl;rpfspd; epiyg;ghL. fl;rpfspd; epiyg;ghL.

re;jh;g;gj;Jf;Nfw;wthW mth;fs;

rpytw;iw $wpdhYk;> ehl;bd;

ngUk;ghyhNdhh; epiwNtw;W

[dhjpgjp gjtpia ,y;yhky;

nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gjid Vw;Wf;nfhs;

thh;fs; vd;Nw epidf;fpNwd;.

nfhOk;gpYs;s xU eghplk; midj;J

mjpfhuq;fSk; Ftpe;jpUg;gNj

,k;Kiwikapd; xNunahU ngWNgwhFk;.

gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; mjpfhug; gfph;tpd;NghJ

khfhz rig Kiwia gyg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lnkd;Nw APRC apdJk; ,Wjp

epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs;

tpLjiy Kd;dzp $wpa nfhOk;Gf;Fg;

ghy; fpuhkj;Jf;F nff;fhpf;fha; vDk;

nfhs;ifia ,y;yhkw; nra;tjhapd;

epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpKiwf;F Mytl;lk;

gpbg;gjhy; mijr; nra;a KbahJ.

mg;gbahapd; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp mg;gbahapd; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp

Kiwikia ,uj;Jnra;tjw;fhf gy;NtW Kiwikia ,uj;Jnra;tjw;fhf gy;NtW

fl;rpfs;> Kd;dzpfs;> mikg;Gf;fshy; fl;rpfs;> Kd;dzpfs;> mikg;Gf;fshy;

nfhz;Ltug;gLk; gpNuuizfSf;F nfhz;Ltug;gLk; gpNuuizfSf;F

cq;fsJk; cq;fsJ fl;rpapdJk; cq;fsJk; cq;fsJ fl;rpapdJk;

xj;Jiog;G fpilf;Fkh?xj;Jiog;G fpilf;Fkh?

,jpy; ,uz;L gf;fq;fs; cs;sd.

xd;W ,k;Kiwf;nfjpuhf kf;fs;

kj;jpapYs;s vjph;g;G. mLj;jJ mjid

rhl;lhf itj;J Ml;rpf;F tUk; re;jh;g;gthj

murpay;. ,jid ,uj;J nra;tjw;f;F

re;jphpf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f Nghd;Nw kfpe;j

rpe;jidapYk; rgjkplg;gl;lJ. Nrhgpj Njuh;

vLf;Fk; Kaw;rp cz;ikahdjhfNt ehd;

ghh;f;fpNwd;. ,Ug;gpDk; vdJ jdpg;gl;l

fUj;J vd;dntd;why; epiwNtw;W

[dhjpgjp Kiwia ,uj;Jr;nra;J

cz;ikahd ,uh[je;jphpapd; ghj;jpuj;jpD}

lhf tuyhw;wpy; ,lk;ngWk; kpfr; rpwe;j

tha;g;G kfpe;j uh[gf;\ mth;fSf;F

cs;snjd;gNj. mth; mjid ,g;NghjhtJ

epiwNtw;Wthnud ngUk; vjph;ghh;g;Gld;

ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

LLRC LLRC gupe;Jiu %yk; ,e;ehl;bd; gupe;Jiu %yk; ,e;ehl;bd;

murpay; fl;likg;ghdJ fPo;kl;lj;jpyhd murpay; fl;likg;ghdJ fPo;kl;lj;jpyhd

(gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy;) mjpfhug;gfph;T nra;ag;gl (gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy;) mjpfhug;gfph;T nra;ag;gl

Ntz;Lnkd fUj;J ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ntz;Lnkd fUj;J ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mt;thwhd Kw;Nghf;fhd nraw;ghLfis mt;thwhd Kw;Nghf;fhd nraw;ghLfis

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jahh;gLj;jy;$l eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jahh;gLj;jy;$l

ePq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; murplk; ePq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; murplk;

,y;iyj;jhNd?,y;iyj;jhNd?

,Jjhd; gpur;rid. vd;djhdpUe;jhYk;

ehk; Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf nraw;gl;lhy;

ey;y ngWNgW vkf;F fpilf;Fnkd;Nw

ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy;

ghjfkhd tpisT Vw;gLk;

vd;gjdhNyNa vkJ tiuaiwapDs;

ehk; cah;e;jgl;rkhf mjw;F mOj;jk;

nfhLf;f jahuhfTs;Nshk;. ehk; jz;zPiu

tPRk;NghJ Foe;ijAk; tPRtJ Nghd;Nw

murhq;fk; ele;Jnfhs;fpwJ. Clf

nghWg;G epidj;Jghh;f;f KbahjsTf;F

juk; Fiwe;JNghAs;sJ. vkJ Kaw;rp

ehl;bd; vjph;fhyj;Jf;fhdNjad;wp

gpw;Nghf;fhd murpay; epfo;r;rp epuiy

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;f;fhdjy;y vd;gjid

midtUk; Ghpe;Jnfhs; Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G :

kQ;Rs f[dhaf;fkQ;Rs f[dhaf;f

ehd; ghuhSkd;w

njhpTf;FOtpd;

(APRC) jiytuhf

,Uf;fpNwd;. mg;gbahd

gpd;dzpapy; ehd; mjpy;

,y;yhjpUg;gJ njhlh;gpy;

Mr;rhpag;gLtjidj;jtpu

nra;tjw;F

Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.

mJkl;Lky;y 08 ghuhSkd;w

cWg;gpdh;fs; gpujpepj;Jtk;

nra;Ak;> ,e;ehl;bd;

gpujhd ,dnkhd;iw

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;

rpwpyq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

jiytUk; ,jpy; ,y;iy.

mJTk; ngUk; mjprakhd

epiyikjhd;.



khfhz rig Kiwik kw;Wk; nghJtpy; 13MtJ murpayikg;Gf;nfjpuhf jw;NghJ khfhz rig Kiwik kw;Wk; nghJtpy; 13MtJ murpayikg;Gf;nfjpuhf jw;NghJ

Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;g;ig ePq;fs; vt;thW ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;g;ig ePq;fs; vt;thW ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?

mf;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpah - ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf gaq;fukhd epyikNa

,yq;ifapy; epytpaJ. khfhz rigj; Njh;jypy; Kjypy; thf;fspf;Fk; Ie;J NgUf;F

kuzk; vd N[.tp.gp mwptpj;jJ. mjid tplTk; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ,Ue;j vjph;g;Gfs;

mjpfkhFk;. ,d;Ws;s vjph;g;G jpBnud Vw;gl;lnjd $w ehd; tpUk;;gtpy;iy. ,J

njhlh;ghd tpthjk; r%fj;jpy; njhlh;r;rpahfNt ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,d;Ws;s ajhh;j;jj;ij

ehk; Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; rpw;rpy

tpUg;gq;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,d;Ws;s vjph;g;ig epahag;gLj;Jk; thjq;fSld;

vd;dhy; xj;Jg;Nghf KbahJ. mLj;J ftdpf;f Ntz;ba tplak; ,e;jpahtpd;

nry;thf;fpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljdhy;

epuhfhpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ. ,J kpfTk;

eifr;RitahdJ. vkJ KO murpay;

tuyhWk; ntspehl;L nry;thf;Fldhd

epiyikahFk;. 1833 ,ypUe;J 1978

tiuapYk;> mjw;Fg; gpd;dUk; Vw;gl;l

midj;J murpay; rPh;jpUj;jq;fSf;Fk;

gpd;dhy; ,Ue;jJ ,e;j murpay;

kakhf;fg;gl;l Kiwjtwpa gpwg;Gf;fNs

md;wp NtnwtUkh? fdthd; murpay;

fyhr;rhuj;ij gpwg;gpf;ff;$ba fUg;ig

xU fhyj;jpYk; ,Uf;fhj gpd;dzpapy;

,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jjij jpl;bj;jPh;g;gJ

Nftykhd xU murpay; vd;gNj vdJ

jdpg;gl;l fUj;jhFk;. cz;ikapNyNa

tpkytPu jp]hehaf;ffy;tp mikr;ru;fpof;F khfhz rig

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.ep.

gov.

lkGw;Wf;Fs; ,Ug;gJ vd;dntd;W njhpahky;

Gw;Wf;F gag;gLtJ Nghd;wNj 13 gak;

Mf



,e;ehl;by; cz;ikahd r%f murpay;

Njhw;wk; ngwf;$ba murpay; fyhr; rhuj;ij

kPsikg;gjw;f;fhf midtUk; ,iztNj

,d;W ,lk;ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j murpay; ajhh;j;ij gpd;js;sp

rpy;yiwj;jdkhd jdJ mDjhgpfs;

$l;lj;ij re;Njhrg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpapy;

<Lgl [hjpf;f nfy cWka cl;gl ,d;Dk;

rpy fl;rpfs; jPh;khdpj;Js;sd. mjd;gb

mth;fs; gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F

vjpuhd vjph;g;ghdJ kpfTk; jdJ

mDjhgpfs; $l;lj;ij vd;gijf; $wpahf

Ntz;Lk;.

,dKuz;ghl;L rpf;fypy; kpfTk; ,dKuz;ghl;L rpf;fypy; kpfTk;

Kf;fpakhd khfhzj;jpd; fhzp Kf;fpakhd khfhzj;jpd; fhzp

mikr;ruhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;. mikr;ruhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;.

Njh;jy; %yk; kPz;Lk; njhlf;fg;glTs;s Njh;jy; %yk; kPz;Lk; njhlf;fg;glTs;s

tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp> nghyP]; tlkhfhz rigf;F fhzp> nghyP];

mjpfhuk; toq;Fjy; njhlh;gpyhd mjpfhuk; toq;Fjy; njhlh;gpyhd

ciuahly; kpfTk; #lhdJ. mJ <oj;Jf;F ciuahly; kpfTk; #lhdJ. mJ <oj;Jf;F

ghij mikf;Fnkd;gJ rpyhpd; fUj;J. ghij mikf;Fnkd;gJ rpyhpd; fUj;J.

jw;NghJ ehk; Nfl;Fk; murpay;

Njtijf; fijfspy; kpfTk;

eifr;RitahdNj mJ. ahuhtnjhUth;

Fw;wkpioj;Jtpl;L VjhtnjhU

khfhzj;Jf;F jg;gpr; nrd;why; mtiu

xUNghJk; gpbf;f KbahnjdTk;

mt;thwhd re;jh;g;gj;jpy; me;j

khfhzj;jpd; tpUg;G Kf;fpakhdnjdTk;

mz;ikapy; rpy Clfq;fspy; ghh;j;Njd;.

n`y cWka cl;gl;l rpy fl;rpfs; vOg;Gk;

thjk; vt;tsT gpw;Nghf;fhdJ vd;gJ

,dpNky; cq;fSf;F njhpatUk;.

13MtJ jpUj;jj;Jf;fika Fwpj;j

khfhz nghyPRf;F nghWg;ghd gpujp

nghyp];kh mjpgh; epakdk; mbg;gilapy;

Njrpa nghyP]; Mizf;FOtpdhNyNa

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjpYs;s

ngUk;ghyhNdhh; [dhjpgjpapd;

gpujpepjpfshfNt fUjg;glyhk;.

mt;thwhapd; mth;fs; jkJ [dhjpgjpapd;

tpUg;gj;Jf;F khwhf nraw;gLthh;fnsd

vd;dhy; epidf;f KbahJ. mLj;j

tplak; khfhzrig Muk;gj;jpy;

epWtg;gl;l tlfpof;F khfhz

rigapd; KO eph;thfKk; ,e;ehl;bd;

Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpfs; ,Uthpd;

tpUg;gj;Jf;fikaNt Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

N[.Mh;.[ath;j;jdh> Mh;. gpNukjh]

MfpNahNu mth;fs;. mg;NghJ Njrpa

ghJfhg;Gf;F mr;RWj;jyhf $wg;gl;l

tujuh[g; ngUkhs; rk;gtj;jpy; [dhjpgjp

jdJ jw;JzpG %yk; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfis

<LgLj;jp mq;F Vw;gl;l Fog;gj;ij

mlf;fpdhh;. ,J Xh; khah[hy mjpfhu

gfph;T. vg;NghJk; rpq;fs muRfs; mRu

fuq;fshy; midj;J mjpfhuq;fisAk;

itj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gij jtpu

eLepiyahd nfhs;ifAld; jPh;it

toq;Ftjid ehk; fhztpy;iy.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf fpof;F khfhz

rigia epidj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. kf;fs;

,iwikapdhy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l

kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ

MSdh; ifitf;fhj VjhapDk; ,e;j

khfhzj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwjh? ,jid ehapd;

Ntiyia fOij nra;tnjd;W $WtJ

mtiu mtkhdg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfty;y

cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jj;Jtjw;f;fhfNt

vd;gjidf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuKila [dhjpgjpapd;

gpujpepjpahf mth; cUthf;fpa

ty;yikapdhNyNa ,jidr; nra;fpwhh;.

mt;thwpd;wp mytp nksyhdh Nghd;Nwh

,jw;F Kd;dh; Nky;khfhzj;jpypUe;j

ngUikf;Fhpa MSdh;fs; Nghd;W

kf;fs; ,iwikf;F jiyrha;j;J khfhz

eph;thfj;Jf;F xj;Jioj;J Gfo;kpf;f

MSduhf tuyhw;wpy; ,izAk; Mh;tk;

mtUf;fpy;iy. ,Nj epiy tlf;fpYk;

Vw;gLkhdhy; Vw;glf;$ba epiyia

ePq;fNs Cfpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdJ.

ePq;fs; fpof;F khfhz fhzp> fy;tp ePq;fs; fpof;F khfhz fhzp> fy;tp

mikr;rh; mjw;Fhpa gpNuuizfs; mikr;rh; mjw;Fhpa gpNuuizfs;

Nghd;wtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjd; Nghd;wtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjd;

%yk; tplaj;Jf;Fhpa mjpfhuq;fis %yk; tplaj;Jf;Fhpa mjpfhuq;fis

gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cq;fSf;fpUf;Fk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cq;fSf;fpUf;Fk;

jilfs; vit?jilfs; vit?

fpof;F khfhzrigf;F ngUikAld;

njhpT nra;ag;gl;l gpujpepjpfshf ehk;

jPh;f;fNtz;bapUe;j gy gpur;ridfs;

,Ue;jd. gy rthy;fs;. mit

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;NghJ XusT fhyk;

fle;JtpLfpwJ. cz;ikapNyNa fhzp

epajpr; rl;lj;ij jahhpg;gjw;Ff;$l

Njitahd fhyk; vkf;F gpur;ridahdJ.

,Ug;gpDk; vkf;Fhpa mjpfhuk;

kw;Wk; tiuaiwf;Fs; eltbf;if

vLg;gjw;F MSdh; jiyapLtJ

vdJ jdpj;Jtj;Jf;Fk;> nkhj;j

mf;fhyj;jpy;

,e;jpah - ,yq;if

xg;ge;jj;Jf;nfjpuhf

gaq;fukhd epyikNa

,yq;ifapy; epytpaJ.

khfhz rigj; Njh;jypy;

Kjypy; thf;fspf;Fk;

Ie;J NgUf;F kuzk;

vd N[.tp.gp mwptpj;jJ.

mjid tplTk; md;Wk;

,d;Wk; ,Ue;j vjph;g;Gfs;

mjpfkhFk;. ,d;Ws;s

vjph;g;G jpBnud

Vw;gl;lnjd $w ehd;

tpUk;;gtpy;iy.



fpof;FkhfhzjJf;Fk; mopthfNt

ehd; ghh;f;fpNwd;. fUj;J Nkhjy;fshy;

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; nghJf; nfhs;if %yk;

rpwe;j [dehafj;ij vjph;g;ghh;j;j ehk;

kf;fsJ tpUg;gk; vDk; ngUikia

%bitj;Jtpl;L Kd;dhs; gilajpfhhpapd;

mbg;gilaw;w mfq;fhuj;Jf;F Kfk;

nfhLf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. kpf mz;ikapy;

,lk;ngw;w rk;gtk; yhFfy gFjpapy;

ghlrhiy xd;iw jpwe;jikahFk;.

jkJ gps;isfSf;F nghUj;jkhd

fy;tpia toq;fNtz;baJ mth;fsJ

chpik vd;gJ NghyNt fy;tp mikr;rh;

vDk; hPjpapy; vdJ nghWg;ghFk;.

jw;NghJs;s epiyapy; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;

35% tPjj;jpw;Ff; Fiwe;j gps;isfNs

ghlrhiyf;F nry;fpd;wdh;. nghUj;jkhd

Muk;g ghlrhiy gy iky;fSf;fg;ghy;

mike;Js;sJ. ghlrhiy thfdj;Jf;F

1200{- &gh nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. tul;rpf;Fk;>

fhl;L ahidf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLj;J

,uit kuzg;gaj;Jld; fopf;Fk;

,e;j mg;ghtp kdpjh;fshy; mt;thW

ghlrhiy thfdj;Jf;F ngUe;njhifg;

gzj;ijr; nrYj;j KbAkh? vdNt

ehd; yhFfy ghlrhiyf;F nry;yhj

mg;ghtp gps;isfs; fy;tp fw;gjw;fhfr;

rpwpa Muk;g ghlrhiyia Muk;gpj;Njd;.

fpof;F khfhz MSdh; vd;d

nra;jhh; njhpAkh? cldbahf mjid

%btpl;lhh;. jw;NghJ me;j gps;isfspd;

rPh;Fiye;JNghd fy;tpf;F nghWg;G

$w Ntz;baJ cz;ikahd kf;fs;

gpujpepjpahd ehdh? ey;ypzf;f

murpaypd; njhlf;fj;ij vLf;f Ntz;ba

khfhz MSduh? ,e;j Nkhrkhd

ajhh;j;jj;ij njhpe;Jnfhs;shky; mjpfhuk;

murpayikg;gpy; cs;sJ vd;gjw;f;fhf

<ok; cUthFnkd $r;rypLtJ rpW

gps;isj;jdkhdJ. rpwg;ghf NtLt

kf;fspdJk; tpNrl md;Gf;Fhpa vd;idg;

Nghd;w rpq;fs mikr;rUf;Ff; $l ,g;gb

elf;Fkhapd; NtW khfhzq;fSf;F

mjpfhuj;ij gfph;tJ gw;wp vjidf;

fijg;gJ?

ePq;fs; $WtJNghy jkf;Fhpa ePq;fs; $WtJNghy jkf;Fhpa

mjpfhuj;ijf;$l nraw;gLj;j Kbahjhapd; mjpfhuj;ijf;$l nraw;gLj;j Kbahjhapd;

cz;ikapy; khfhz rig Njitjhdh? cz;ikapy; khfhz rig Njitjhdh?

NtW khw;W jPh;Tf;F nry;y Kbahjh?NtW khw;W jPh;Tf;F nry;y Kbahjh?

,q;Nf ntspg;gLtJ khfhz rig

Kiwikapd; ,ayhik my;y. jdpg;gl;l

murpay; epfo;r;rp epuypd; ntspg;ghNl.

mg;gbapy;yhtpl;lhy; Nky; khfhzj;jpNyh>

NtnwhU khfhzj;jpNyh cs;s

fy;tpaikr;ruhy; KbAkhf ,Ug;gJ Vd;

vkf;F kl;Lk; KbahjpUf;fpwJ. vDk;

gpur;ridf;Nf jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk;.

vdf;F fPOs;s mYtyh;fs; MSdh;fspd;

cj;juTf;fikaNt nraw;gLthh;fshapd;>

gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjr ghlrhiynahd;wpy;

5 Mz;Lfshf epyTk; tpQ;Qhd

Mrphpahpd; ntw;wplj;ij vd;dhy; epug;g

Kbatpy;iyahapd; mjw;Ff; fhuzk;

13MtJ jpUj;jk my;y. kf;fspd;

czh;Tfis Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj

MSdNu fhuzk;. ,t;thwhd rpd;dr;

rpd;d tplaq;fspy; [dhjpgjp khw;wj;ij

Vw;gLj;jyhk;. mg;gb nra;ag;gl;lhy;

vjph;ghh;f;Fk; Nritia epiwNtw;Wtjpy;

jilapUf;fhJ.

khfhz rigfSf;nfjpuhd vjph;g;Gld; khfhz rigfSf;nfjpuhd vjph;g;Gld;

,ize;jjhf Vida ,dq;fSf;nfjpuhf ,ize;jjhf Vida ,dq;fSf;nfjpuhf

nraw;gLk; Nghf;Fk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. nraw;gLk; Nghf;Fk; ntspg;gLfpwJ.

,e;epiyia ePq;fs; vg;gbg; ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;? ,e;epiyia ePq;fs; vg;gbg; ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?

“ehk; ghPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jhYk;

tho;f;ifapy; Njhy;tpaile;J tpl;Nlhk;”

vd;W. ehd; vg;NghJk; vtUf;Fk;

$wp tUfpNwd;. me;j tho;f;ifapy;

Njhw;wth;fNs ,dq;fSf;nfjpuhfj;

J}z;btpLk; nraw;ghl;bd; gpd;dzpapy;

cs;sdh;. midj;J caph;fSf;fhfTk;

ngUk; fUizia Nghjpj;j Gj;jngUkhd;

%ykhf kl;LNk caph;tij nra;jy;

ghtnkd Nghjpg;gjij ePq;fs; Nfs;tp

gl;Ls;sPh;fsh? mt;tsT tijf;fg;gl;L

gd;wp nfhy;yg;gLtjw;F vjpuhf Vd;

tPjpf;F ,wq;ftpy;iy. K];ypk;

kf;fs; gd;wp rhg;gplhikNa mjw;Fhpa

fhuzkhFk;. rpWghd;ik ,dq;fspd;

mjpfhuj;ij ,ad;wsT gwpj;njLg;gJld;>

K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhf vjph;g;ig J}z;b

tpLtjhapd; n`y cWka> nghJgy Nrdh

Nghd;wtw;wpd; jiyth;fspd; guk;giu$l

Kd;NdwptpLk;. ,e;j vspa ajhh;j;jj;ij

tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L cz;ikahd murpay;

fyhrhuj;Jf;Fj; Njitahd mwpT

midtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; tiuf;Fk;

ehk; re;jpf;f Ntz;baJ ghhpa ,og;ghf

,Uf;Fk;.

Fwpg;G

kQ;Rs f[dhaf;fkQ;Rs f[dhaf;f

cz;ikapNyNa

fhzp epajpr; rl;lj;ij

jahhpg;gjw;Ff;$l

Njitahd fhyk;

vkf;F gpur;ridahdJ.

,Ug;gpDk; vkf;Fhpa

mjpfhuk; kw;Wk;

tiuaiwf;Fs;

eltbf;if

vLg;gjw;F MSdh;

jiyapLtJ vdJ

jdpj;Jtj;Jf;Fk;> nkhj;j

fpof;FkhfhzjJf;Fk;

mopthfNt ehd;

ghh;f;fpNwd;.



mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; murpay;

mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf k.tp.K.

fw;Wj; je;j ghlq;fspd;

KjyhtJ ghlk;” ,e;jpa Njr

tp];jupg;GthjkhFk; mjd;

%yk; ,e;jpa vjph;g;gpid

tpl jkpo; vjph;g;Ng r%fj;jpy;

gpugy;aile;jJ. “nghk;gha;

ntq;fhak;” “nghpa

ntq;fhakhf khw;wkile;jNj

xNunahU ,e;jpa

vjph;g;ghFk;. Njrpag; gpur;rpidAk; k.tp.K (N[.tp.gp) NahridfSk;

rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th

“Njrpa gpur;rpidiaj; jPh;g;gjw;fhd xU Eiothapy;” vDk; ngahpy; kf;fs; tpLjiy

Kd;dzp jdJ Nahridfisj; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ,J tiu fz;Zf;nfl;lhj njhiytpy;

cs;s Nrh\yprj;jpd; %yk; jPh;nthd;wpd; kPJ ek;gpf;if itj;J jw;Nghija epiyik

njhlh;ghd Nahridfisj; njhptpg;gJ tuNtw;fg;gl Ntz;ba xd;whFk;.

“Njrpa gpur;rpidia ,dq;fhzy;” vDk; ,t; ntspaPl;bd; Kd;Diuapy; gpd;tUkhW

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. “1957 y; ifr;re;jpl;l gz;lhuehaf;f – nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jk; Kjy;

1966 ,d; ll;yp – nry;tehafk; xg;ge;jk;> 1976 ,d; N[.Mh;. - mkph;jypq;fk; ,ufrpa

xg;ge;jk;> 1987y; uh[Pt; - N[.Mh; xg;ge;jk;> 2002 udpy; - gpughfud; xg;ge;jk; Mfpa midj;J

xg;ge;jq;fSk; Njrpag; gpur;rpidia rpf;fy;gLj;jpaNj jtpu> mjid kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jNj jtpu> ,df;fytuq;fs; Kjy; ,dthj Aj;jk; tiu gpur;rpidia

mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jNj jtpu> mjidj; jPh;f;ftpy;iy”

mt; xg;ge;jq;fs; Njhy;tpaile;jw;fhd fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpahky; mjd; gpd;dh;

Vw;gl;l epfo;Tfis kl;Lk; ghh;g;gjD}lhfNt ,t;thwhd xU Kbtpw;F tu KbAk;. kf;fs;

tpLjiy Kd;dzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l fhy fl;lq;fspy; 1957 kw;Wk; 1966 Mfpa ,uz;L

xg;ge;jq;fSk; mg;NghjpUe;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; xUjiyg; gl;rkhf kPwg;gl;bUe;jJ. njw;fpy;

fhzg;gl;l ,dthjr; rpe;jidfs; mjw;Ff; fhuzkhaike;jd vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. vr;

re;jh;g;gj;jpy; murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf k.tp.K. fw;Wj; je;j ghlq;fspd;

KjyhtJ ghlk;” ,e;jpa Njr tp];jupg;GthjkhFk; mjd; %yk; ,e;jpa vjph;g;gpid tpl

jkpo; vjph;g;Ng r%fj;jpy; gpugy;aile;jJ. “nghk;gha; ntq;fhak;” “nghpa ntq;fhakhf

khw;wkile;jNj xNunahU ,e;jpa vjph;g;ghFk;.

,e;jpa kw;Wk; jkpo; vjph;g;gpdhy; gpur;rpid mjpfhpj;jNj xopa jPh;T fpilf;ftpy;iy.

,dp md;W mt;thnwdpd; ,d;W khwpapUg;gpd; mjpy; vJtpj jtWk; fpilahJ. mjid

Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; gl;rj;jpy; ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wk; ek;gpf;ifiag; ngWk; vd;gjpy;

re;Njfkpy;iy.

Kd;Diuapy; NkYk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjhtJ “Njrpag; gpur;rpidf;F cz;ikapNyNa



kf;fs; rigapid Vw;gLj;Jk;

NahridNa N[.tp.gp. Nahridj;

jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s xU tpj;jpahrkhd

mk;rkhFk;. mJTk; jkpo; kf;fspd;

xj;Jiog;gpidg; ngWjYk;

eilKiwr; rhj;jpaKkhf cs;s

re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kl;LNk gpuhe;jpa

rigfs;> khfhz rigfis

tplTk; tpj;jpahrkhdnjdf;

$w KbAk;. ngUk;ghyhd njd;

gFjpf; fl;rpfs; Kd;itf;Fk;

Nahridfs; ,e;jpahtpidg;

Nghd;Nw NkNyapUe;J Rkj;Jfpd;w

NahridfNs jtpu> jkpo;

kf;fspd; tpUg;gj;jp;d; %yk; ngWk;

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W ,d;wp

eilngWtdthFk;. mt;thW

tpUg;gj;jpidg; ngw ey;ypzf;fk;

mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.

jPh;Tfhz KbAkhd Nrh\ypr r%f khw;wnkhd;Wf;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;w mNj rkak;

kWrPuikg;gpid ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhfg; NghuhLtjhFk;”. ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

Kd;gpUe;j ,U Mz;LfSf;Fs;Sk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L ngw;Wf;nfhz;litfisAk; tpl

midj;J ,dq;fSk; ,oe;jitfs; jhd; vt;tsT? mt;thwhd> jtWfis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L

Gjpa xU nrad;Kiw Nehf;fp efh;tjpy; vJtpjj; jilAkpy;iy. MapDk; mt;thwhd xU

efh;tpid Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sjhf ntWk; mr;rplg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fspdhy; kl;Lk; tpsq;f itf;f

KbahJ. vjph;fhy eltbf;iffs; %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLkplj;J kf;fsJ ek;gpf;ifapid

ntd;nwLf;f KbAk;.

“tlf;F fpof;F kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidfis milahsq; fhz;gjd; %yk; “tlf;F fpof;F kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s gpur;rpidfis milahsq; fhz;gjd; %yk;

,lk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tplaq;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,lk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tplaq;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

MapDk; mit [dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l “fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;fKk; gw;wpa MapDk; mit [dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l “fw;w ghlq;fSk; ey;ypzf;fKk; gw;wpa

Mizf;FO mwpf;ifapd; 8 Mk; mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9.104 njhlf;fk; Mizf;FO mwpf;ifapd; 8 Mk; mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpYk; 9.104 njhlf;fk;

9.108 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ghpe;Jiufspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdjhFk;. 9.108 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ghpe;Jiufspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdjhFk;.

“Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fsJ gpur;rpidfs;” vd;gjd; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs; “Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fsJ gpur;rpidfs;” vd;gjd; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tplaq;fs;

fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.86> 9.92 kw;Wk; 9.96 Mfpa ghpe;Jiufspy; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.86> 9.92 kw;Wk; 9.96 Mfpa ghpe;Jiufspy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

“tlf;fpy; rptpy; epUthfk; kw;Wk; [dehafj;ij epiy ehl;lhik” vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; “tlf;fpy; rptpy; epUthfk; kw;Wk; [dehafj;ij epiy ehl;lhik” vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo;

cs;s tplaq;fs; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufspy; 9.202 Kjy; cs;s tplaq;fs; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufspy; 9.202 Kjy;

9.217 tiu kpfTk; tphpthd tpguq;fs; ghpe;Jiufs; rfpjk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 9.217 tiu kpfTk; tphpthd tpguq;fs; ghpe;Jiufs; rfpjk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mt;thNw “fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs;” njhlh;ghd Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; 9..121 mt;thNw “fhzpg; gpur;rpidfs;” njhlh;ghd Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; 9..121

Kjy; 9.152 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mg; ghpe;Jiufs; tphpthd rhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; fw;wYf;fhd Kjy; 9.152 tiu fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mg; ghpe;Jiufs; tphpthd rhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; fw;wYf;fhd

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xd;W jpul;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; rdehafj;ijAk; ey;ypzf;fj;ijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xd;W jpul;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; rdehafj;ijAk; ey;ypzf;fj;ijAk;

cWjp nra;tJ mj;jpatrpakhFk;. N[.tp.gp. ntspaPl;by; mJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s cWjp nra;tJ mj;jpatrpakhFk;. N[.tp.gp. ntspaPl;by; mJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

tplaq;fs; mt;tsT G+uzj;Jtk; ngwtpy;iy. tplaq;fs; mt;tsT G+uzj;Jtk; ngwtpy;iy.

“nkhopg; gpur;rpid” gw;wp fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.238 njhlf;fk; “nkhopg; gpur;rpid” gw;wp fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; 9.238 njhlf;fk;

9.250 tiuahd ghpe;Jiufspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fspd; xU kPs; ntspaPL Nghd;W 9.250 tiuahd ghpe;Jiufspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fspd; xU kPs; ntspaPL Nghd;W

cs;sJ. cs;sJ.

kf;fs; rigapid Vw;gLj;Jk; NahridNa N[.tp.gp. Nahridj; jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s xU

tpj;jpahrkhd mk;rkhFk;. mJTk; jkpo; kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;gpidg; ngWjYk; eilKiwr;

rhj;jpaKkhf cs;s re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kl;LNk gpuhe;jpa rigfs;> khfhz rigfis tplTk;

tpj;jpahrkhdnjdf; $w KbAk;. ngUk;ghyhd njd; gFjpf; fl;rpfs; Kd;itf;Fk;

Nahridfs; ,e;jpahtpidg; Nghd;Nw NkNyapUe;J Rkj;Jfpd;w NahridfNs jtpu>

jkpo; kf;fspd; tpUg;gj;jp;d; %yk; ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W ,d;wp eilngWtdthFk;.

mt;thW tpUg;gj;jpidg; ngw ey;ypzf;fk; mj;jpahtrpakhFk;. mjd; nghUl;L jw;NghJ

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fw;wghlq;fs; gw;wpa Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.

mg; ghpe;Jiufis mKy;gLj;JkhW murhq;fj;ij typAWj;jYk; kf;fSf;F mwpT+l;lYk;

ve;jnthU fl;rpapdhYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl KbAkhd Xh; cd;djg; gzpahFk;. mg;

ghpe;Jiufis kPz;Lk; jkJ Nahridfshff; fhl;Ltjpy; jtwpy;iy. MapDk; mJ gw;wp

Fwpg;gplg;gLtjdhy; jdJ fsq;fkw;w jd;ik njhlh;ghd ek;gpf;if cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.

Aj;jk; rl;lq;fSk; rh;tNjr xg;ge;jq;fSk; kPwg;gltpy;iynad;gjw;fhd xU

ghpe;JiuNa fw;w ghlq;fs; gw;wpa Mizf;FOtplkpUe;J murhq;fj;jpw;Fj; Njitg;gl;lJ.

mit ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. iftplg;gl;l mg; ghpe;JiufspdhNyNa n[dpthg;

gpNuuizfs; cUthfpd> MapDk; Mizf;FOtpd; Vida ghpe;Jiufs; cah;thf

kjpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mg; ghpe;Jiufs; NtW trdq;fspy; $wg;gLtjpy; jtwpy;iy.

,q;F N[.tp.gp. mt;thwhd Nahridfisr; rkh;g;gpjw;F mth;fis khw;wpf;

nfhz;likNa ehk; mth;fis kjpg;gjw;Fhpa fhuzkhFk;. jdJ fl;rpapypUe;J gphpe;J

nrd;wth;fs; ,Nj fUj;jpidf; nfhz;bUg;gjdhYk; r%f tpkh;rdq;fspdhYk; mt;thW

khw;wiljyhdJ rhpahd ghijapy; nry;tjw;F jpwikAs;sJ vd;gijf; fhl;LtjhFk;.

mj; jpwik ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;bUf;Fkhapd; Vidath;fsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf jdf;Nf

chpj;jhd Ml;fs; ntspaplg;gLtjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. vkJ ehl;bYs;s ,uz;L gpujhd

fl;rpfSk; murpay; Fw;wq;fspd; milahskhf khwpAs;s ,t;thwhd xU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk;

$l nghJkf;fs; jdJ gpujpepjpahf njhpT nra;ahikf;fhd fhuzk; mth;fSf;Nf chpj;jhd

gytPdq;fs; fhuzkhfj;jhdh?


Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu; 2013 r kh jh d Neh f; FMfMfMfMfMfM ;;];]]] ;l;;lll -- nnnnrrgrgrgrrrrrrrrr ;nnnlklklklklkl ;g;g;ggggu;u;u;u;u;u;uuuuuuu 2222222222222220000001010100010001333333333

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk;13 tJ murpay; mikg;Gr; rl;lKk;

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.dem

otix

.com

fyhepjp Iak;gjp tpf;fpukuj;d

tlkhfhz rigj; Njh;jiy vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s re;jh;g;gj;jpy; khfhzrig mjpfhuq;fs;

njhlh;ghd ciuahly;fs; caph;ngw;Ws;sJ fhzf;fpilf;fpwJ. ,t;thW ,J ngUk;

thjj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gly; kpfr; rpwe;j xU gz;ghf Nehf;fg;gLtijapl;L ehd;

kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;. ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs; jpdKk; nrtpkLg;gjw;Fk;

ghh;g;gjw;Fk; fpilg;gJ khfhz rig my;yJ nghJthf vkJ murpay; mikg;gpd; kw;WnkhU

gFjpahd 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhd jh;f;f hPjpahf cWjpnra;a Kbahj tplaq;fs; vd;gNj

,jw;Fhpa fhuzkhFk;.

kj;jpa murpw;Fk; khfhzq;fSf;FkpilNa kpfj; njspthf mjpfhuq;fs; gfpug;gl;likNa 13

tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf Kf;fpakhd Fiwg;ghnld;gNj vdJ fUj;jhFk;. ,f;

FiwghLfis Fiwg;gjw;F ,jNdhL njhlh;ghd xUq;fpiag; gl;bay; (Concurrent List) mjhtJ khfhz rigapdhYk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhYk; nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gl$ba

mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd gl;baiy mjpypUe;J mfw;WkhW ehk; Kd;gpUe;Nj Nahrid

njhptpj;Js;Nshk;. MapDk; rh;tfl;rp khehl;L Nahridfs; Nghd;w gaDs;s nraw;ghLfs;

nraypog;gjd; %yk; mt;thwhd NahridfSk; gadw;Wg; NghAs;sij mtjhdpf;ff;

$bajha; cs;sJ. 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; vt;thwhd FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jNghJk; mJ

,e;ehl;bd; ,dg;gpur;rpid jPh;Tf;fhd cj;Njrj;jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;jpd; kpfTk; gaDs;s

nraw;ghL vd;gjpy; tpthjj;jpw;fplkpy;iy. ,d;W tlf;fpd; khfhz rigj; Njh;jiy

ikakhff; nfhz;L mjw;nfjpuhd gy Kaw;rpfs; njw;fpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

khfhz rigfSf;Fhpa nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghfNt rpyh; jkJ gyj;j vjph;g;gpidj;

njhptpf;fpd;wdu;. cz;ikapy; mt;thwhd xU gyj;j vjph;g;G njhptpf;fg;gl;lNghJk;

nghyp]; vd;w nrhy;iyf; $l ghtpg;gJ gpioahdnjdf; $WtJ nghUj;jkhFk;. mJ

rl;lj;jpd; ,Ug;Gld; njhlh;ghd mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gjhf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; KjyhtJ

mj;jpahaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1991 Mk; Mz;bd; nghyp]; Mizf;FO rl;lj;jpw;fika

nghyp]; Mizf;FO epakpf;fg;glhjikiaAk; mjw;F [dhjpgjpapd; mq;fPfhuk;

fpilf;fg;ngwhikiaANk ,Jtiu nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;glhjikf;fhd

fhuzq;fshFk;.



kj;jpa murpw;Fk;

khfhzq;fSf;FkpilNa

kpfj; njspthf mjpfhuq;fs;

gfpug;gl;likNa 13 tJ

jpUj;jj;jpd; fhzg;gLfpd;w kpf

Kf;fpakhd Fiwg;ghnld;gNj

vdJ fUj;jhFk;. ,f;

FiwghLfis Fiwg;gjw;F

,jNdhL njhlh;ghd

xUq;fpiag; gl;bay;

(Concurrent List) mjhtJ

khfhz rigapdhYk;

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhYk;

nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gl$ba

mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd

gl;baiy mjpypUe;J

mfw;WkhW ehk; Kd;gpUe;Nj

Nahrid njhptpj;Js;Nshk;.

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; kj;jpa murplNk fhzg;gl Ntz;ba xd;W vd kf;fsplj;jpy;

vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;lhYk; rh;tNjr epiyik ,jw;F Kw;wpYk; khWgl;lJ vdf; $wyhk;.

cjhuzkhf gy ehLfspy; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ kj;jpa muR khepy hPjpahd gy ehLfspy; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ kj;jpa muR khepy hPjpahd

eph;thf myfpd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; Xh; mjpfhukd;wp mjdpYk; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; cs;s eph;thf myfpd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; Xh; mjpfhukd;wp mjdpYk; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; cs;s

cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Xh; mjpfhukhFk;. fdlhtpy; cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fs; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Xh; mjpfhukhFk;. fdlhtpy;

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; (nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; (Muncipal PoliceMuncipal Police) vd miof;fg;gLk; efu eph;thf mjpfhu rigapd; ) vd miof;fg;gLk; efu eph;thf mjpfhu rigapd;

kl;lj;jpyhd epWtdj;jpw;Fhpajhf ,Ug;gJld;> Rtpw;rh;yhe;jpYk; nfd;ud; vdg;gLk; kl;lj;jpyhd epWtdj;jpw;Fhpajhf ,Ug;gJld;> Rtpw;rh;yhe;jpYk; nfd;ud; vdg;gLk;

rpW eph;thf myFfspYk; fPOs;s gpuNjr kl;lj;jpyhd kpfTk; rpwpa epu;thf myFfSf;F rpW eph;thf myFfspYk; fPOs;s gpuNjr kl;lj;jpyhd kpfTk; rpwpa epu;thf myFfSf;F

mjd; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk; mjd; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fSk;

khepyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L kj;jpa muR kj;jpa Gydha;T gzpafj;jpD}lhf (khepyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L kj;jpa muR kj;jpa Gydha;T gzpafj;jpD}lhf (CIBCIB) )

kj;jpa muRld; njhlh;ghd Gydha;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwjidf; fhzyhk;.kj;jpa muRld; njhlh;ghd Gydha;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwjidf; fhzyhk;. ,t; midj;J

ehLfspYk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,d;wp Vida midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk;

xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLj;jg;gLjiy fhzyhk;. mt;thW xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLfpd;w mNj

Neuk; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhj;J XU jug;gpdh; kw;iwa jug;gpdiu Kd; Njitaw;w

tpjj;jpy; ek;gfj;jd;ikAld; nraw;glhjpUg;gjw;Fhpa MNuhf;fpakhd murpay; fyhrhuk;

xd;iw fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sjidAk; mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,t;thwhdnjhU gpd;dzpapy;

kpfTk; gaq;fukhd xU Nghypahd gak; ,yq;ifiapy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjid

$whkypUf;fKbahJ mjw;Nfw;g khfhz nghyp]; jkJ mjpfhuj;ij Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy;

gad;gLj;jyhk; vdTk; MfNt midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpa murplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

vdTk; ,jid tpkh;rpf;Fk; gyh; kf;fis ek;g itj;Js;s ghuJ}ukhd xU ngha;ikahFk;.

,J vt;thwhd xU Ntbf;if vd xU jh;f;fkhf ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Nthkhapd; kj;jpa

murpd; Neubahd fl;lisfis ngWfpd;w nghyp]; mg;ghtpfisg; Nghd;w xU ek;gpf;if

tfpf;fpd;wd vd;gjid ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fSk; ehDk; mDgt hPjpahf

njspthff; fz;Ls;sthW Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd; ,e;j ehl;by; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l midj;J

murhq;fq;fspD}lhfTk; nghyprhh; jkJ mjpfhuj;ijg; gy jlitfs; Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sJld; re;Njfegh; vd Cfpf;fg;gl;l mg;ghtp gpuir xUtiu Jd;GWj;JtJ

njhlf;fk; vjph;fl;rpfspd; murpay; nraw;ghLfspy; rl;ltpNuhjkhf (jkJ mjpfhuj;ijAk; kpQ;rp

nraw;gly;) mlf;FtJtiu> mjpfhuj;ij Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if

nghyp]; jpwik ngw;Ws;sJ. midj;J murhq;fq;fspd; fPOk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Fwpj;j ,k;

Kiwf;Nflhd epiyikfspd; fPo; kj;jpa murhq;fk; epUtfpf;Fk; nghypir NjtJ}jh;fisg;

Nghd;W Nehf;FtJ vd;idg; nghWj;jstpy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj xU tplakhFk;.

,jid NkYk; tpsq;Ftjhapd; rpy khfhz rigfs; kj;jpa murhq;f Kiwikapid

tplTk; kf;fs; Neaj;JlDk; rl;lk; mikjpf;F Vw;gTk; nraw;gLk; vd;gNj vdJ jdpg;gl;l

fUj;jhFk;. mz;ikapy; ruj; nghd;Nrf;fhtpw;F rhh;ghd kf;fs; $l;lnkhd;W xOq;F mz;ikapy; ruj; nghd;Nrf;fhtpw;F rhh;ghd kf;fs; $l;lnkhd;W xOq;F

nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJld; mjpy; fye;Jnfhz;l N[.tp.gp. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; cl;gl nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJld; mjpy; fye;Jnfhz;l N[.tp.gp. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; cl;gl

gyh; fLikahf jhf;fg;gl;L mth;fspdJ kdpj chpikfs; kPwg;gLfpd;w tpjkhfg; nghyp]gyh; fLikahf jhf;fg;gl;L mth;fspdJ kdpj chpikfs; kPwg;gLfpd;w tpjkhfg; nghyp]

hh;nraw;gl;ldh;. mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njd;khfhz rigf;F nghyp];mjpfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jjhy; hh;nraw;gl;ldh;. mr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njd;khfhz rigf;F nghyp];mjpfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jjhy;

mt;thwhd xU ghuJ}ukhd epiyik Njhd;wpapUf;fhJ vd;gNj vdJ fUj;jhFk;. mt;thwhd xU ghuJ}ukhd epiyik Njhd;wpapUf;fhJ vd;gNj vdJ fUj;jhFk;.

Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; Mizaplg;gl;l NghJk; jdJ khfhz kf;fis my;yJ jdJ Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; Mizaplg;gl;l NghJk; jdJ khfhz kf;fis my;yJ jdJ

khfhzj;jpw;F tUif je;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fisj; jhf;Ftjw;F ,e;j khfhzj;jpd; khfhzj;jpw;F tUif je;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fisj; jhf;Ftjw;F ,e;j khfhzj;jpd;

Kjyikr;ruhd jpU. \hd; tpN[yhy; mth;fs; MizapLthh; vd ehd; xUNghJk; Kjyikr;ruhd jpU. \hd; tpN[yhy; mth;fs; MizapLthh; vd ehd; xUNghJk;

fUjtpy;iy. mjdbg;gilapy; khfhz rigfs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F fUjtpy;iy. mjdbg;gilapy; khfhz rigfs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

vjpuhd N[.tp.gp. cs;spl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; vkJ jiyfis cilf;fTk; vkJ $l;lq;fis vjpuhd N[.tp.gp. cs;spl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; vkJ jiyfis cilf;fTk; vkJ $l;lq;fis

mlf;fTk; Njitahd mjpfhuq;fis kj;jpa murhq;fNk itj;Jf;nfhs;sl;Lk; vdf; $w mlf;fTk; Njitahd mjpfhuq;fis kj;jpa murhq;fNk itj;Jf;nfhs;sl;Lk; vdf; $w

,lKz;L vd ehk; Cfpf;fyhk;. ,lKz;L vd ehk; Cfpf;fyhk;.

13tJ jpUj;jj;jpw;F mikthf khfhzg; nghyp]; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; mJ ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa

nghypRld; ,ize;j xU nghyp]; myNf xopa Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. mjd; gpujhd mjpfhhp

gpujp nghyp];kh mjpgh; xUth; vd;gJld; Fwpj;j nghyp]; myfpd; eltbf;iffspd; eph;thfk;

khfhz rigfspD}lhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Vida tplak; ahnjdpy; Njrpa nghypRk; Fwpj;j

khfhzj;jpw;Fs;NsNa jq;fpapUf;Fk; vd;gJld; (11) gjpndhU Fw;wr; nray;fs; njhlh;ghf

mth;fNs gzpahw;Wthh;fs; vd;gjhFk;. murhq;fj;jpw;nfjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Fw;wq;fs;

mjpy; KjyhtjhFk;. ,J kpfTk; tphpthz xU mh;j;jj;jpid nfhz;bUg;gJld; Njrpa

ghJfhg;Gf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpf;Fk; my;yJ mj;jpahtrpa Nritfis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; VNjDnkhU jtwpidg; Ghpjy; ,jpy; vl;lhtJ jtwhFk;.

Fwpj;j cg ml;ltizf;F Vw;g ,k; khfhz nghyp]; myfpw;Fs;s mjpfhuq;fs; vy;iy



,k; khfhz nghyp];

myfpw;Fs;s mjpfhuq;fs;

vy;iy kPwpa xd;W my;y

vd;gJld; mJ Fiwf;fg;gLk; vd

nghUs; nfhs;sf; $ba rhj;jpak;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. MfNt ,q;F

kj;jpa muRf;F ghhpastpyhd

xU fl;Lg;ghl;ilg; Ngzpr;

nry;tjw;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gJ njspthd

xU tplakhFk;. Kd;ida

tplak; ahnjdpy; midj;J

mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpa murhq;fk;

trNk fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;w

,e;ehl;L murpay; #o;epiyf;F

Vw;g ajhh;j;jkhfhJ vd;gJ

,jd; jPtpu tpkh;rfu;Sf;Fg;

GhpahkypUg;gJ kpf Mr;rhpakhd

xU tplakhFk;.

kPwpa xd;W my;y vd;gJld; mJ Fiwf;fg;gLk; vd nghUs; nfhs;sf; $ba rhj;jpak;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. MfNt ,q;F kj;jpa muRf;F ghhpastpyhd xU fl;Lg;ghl;ilg; Ngzpr;

nry;tjw;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gJ njspthd xU tplakhFk;. Kd;ida

tplak; ahnjdpy; midj;J mjpfhuq;fSk; kj;jpa murhq;fk; trNk fhzg;gly;

Ntz;Lnkd;w ,e;ehl;L murpay; #o;epiyf;F Vw;g ajhh;j;jkhfhJ vd;gJ ,jd; jPtpu

tpkh;rfu;Sf;Fg; GhpahkypUg;gJ kpf Mr;rhpakhd xU tplakhFk;.

mth;fsJ thjk; cz;ikahdnjd ehk; rw;W rpe;jpg;Nghkhapd; mjhtJ nghyp];

mjpfhuq;fspD}lhf VNjDnkhU ghjf epiyik cUthFk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjidf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; kj;jpa murplk; fhzg;gLtJ kl;Lkd;wp murpayikg;Gj;

jpUj;jnkhd;Wf;Fr; nry;yf; $ba mtfhrKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; mt;thwhd Xh;

mghak; ,e;epiyikfspd; fPo; Vw;gLk; vd Cfpf;f KbahJ.

mz;ikapy; gP`hh; khepyj;jpy; Gj;jfah kPJ gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lik mz;ikapy; gP`hh; khepyj;jpy; Gj;jfah kPJ gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lik

njhlh;ghf rpyh; kj;jpa murplk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf mJ njhlh;ghf rpyh; kj;jpa murplk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;yhikapd; fhuzkhf mJ

,lk; ngw;wJ vdf; $wpdhYk; mJ nghyprhhpd; jpwikapd;ik my;yJ rhpahd ,lk; ngw;wJ vdf; $wpdhYk; mJ nghyprhhpd; jpwikapd;ik my;yJ rhpahd

Kiwapy; Gydha;Tj; jfty;fs; fpilf;fg; ngwhik njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpidNa md;wp Kiwapy; Gydha;Tj; jfty;fs; fpilf;fg; ngwhik njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpidNa md;wp

mth;fsJ tiutpsf;fzj;jpw;F Vw;g nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpid mth;fsJ tiutpsf;fzj;jpw;F Vw;g nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd xU gpur;rpid

my;y. mt; thjj;jpid ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Nthkhapd; = kfh Nghjp> = jyjh khspif> my;y. mt; thjj;jpid ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Nthkhapd; = kfh Nghjp> = jyjh khspif>

fhj;jhd;Fb K];ypk; gs;spthry; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NghJ fhj;jhd;Fb K];ypk; gs;spthry; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NghJ

Fwpj;j nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ahh; trk; fhzg;gl;lJ? vd mth;fsplk; ehk; jpUg;gpf; Fwpj;j nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; ahh; trk; fhzg;gl;lJ? vd mth;fsplk; ehk; jpUg;gpf;

Nfl;f N tz;bAs;sJ. Nfl;f N tz;bAs;sJ. = kfh Nghjp kPJ jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lNghJ ,e; ehl;by;

khfhz rigfs; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. md;W Ngha; ,d;Wk; Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fs;

nghyprhhplk; fhzg;gl;l NghJk; midj;J epfo;TfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F my;yJ

mlf;Ftjw;F ve;jnthU nghyprpdhYk; KbahJ vd;gjid ehk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;gLk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; [dhjpgjp mth;fs; jdJ Njitapd;

epkpj;jjk; ve;jnthU khfhzj;jpYk; Rw;Wg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s (cj;jpNahf G+h;t

eltbf;iffSf;fhf) KbahJ vd;gJk; ,g; ngha;g; gpur;rhuq;fspYs;s kw;WnkhU ghuJ}

ukhd ngha; vd;gjidf; $wp itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

rpyh; ,jw;F ey;ynjhU cjhuzj;ij vLj;Jf; $w Muk;gpj;Js;sdh;. mjhtJ xU Kiw

Nrhdpah fhe;jp mk;ikahUf;F cj;jh; gpuNj\pd; VNjh xU Muk;g itgtj;jpw;Fr;

nry;tjw;F mjd; Kjyikr;rh; mDkjpaspf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. mz;ikapy; ehd;

mq;F nrd;wpUe;j NghJ Fwpj;j tplak; gw;wp Mh;tk; fhuzkhf mjd; Kjyikr;ruJ

mg;Nghija nrayhsiiur; re;jpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nld;. mtuJ

$w;Wg;gb ,lk;ngw;wit ahnjdpy; Kjyikr;rh; khahtjP jiyikapyhd khfhz muR

jhk; nryT nra;J eph;khzpj;j Gifapuj epiyankhd;Wf;Fr;rkkhd xU fl;blj;ij

Muk;gpj;J itg;gjw;F kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; rhh;gpy; Nrhdpah fhe;jp r%fkspf;ftpUe;j

NghJk; murpay; hPjpahd gpur;rpidnahd;wpd; fhuzkhf mg; gazj;jpw;F Kjyikr;rh;

jdJ vjph;g;gpid ntspf;fhl;bAs;shh;. Fwpj;j fhzp khepy murpdhy; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jplk;

xg;gilf;fg;glhkNyNa ,jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpaJ kpfg; gpujhd fhuzp MFk;. Nrhdpah

fhe;jpf;F mjid Muk;gpj;J itf;f Njitg;gl;Ls;sJ vd mwptpf;fg;gl;l NghJ vkf;Fhpa

xU fhzpapy; vkJ nrytpy; ,t;thwhd xd;iw Muk;gpj;J itg;gjw;F kj;jpa murhq;fk;

jpBnud tUif jUtJ kf;fspd; vjph;g;gpw;Ff; fhuzkhaikAnkd;gjhy; jw;fhypfkhf mg;

gazj;ij epWj;JkhW Kjyikr;rh; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Ls;shh;. ,jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpAs;s

kw;iwa tplak; ahnjdpy; mJ jPghtspf; nfhz;lhl;l fhyk; vd;gjhy; nghJthf nghyprhh;

nghJkf;fs; $l;lq;fisj; jil nra;jy; MFk;. khepy muR md;wp mjd; ePjthd;

ePjpkd;wKk; mt;thwhd xU jilapid tpjpj;jpUj;jjidAk; Kjyikr;rh; jdf;F rhjfkhf

Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhh;. MapDk; gpd;G Nrhdpah fhe;jp mk;ikahh; mq;F nrd;Ws;sJld;

,J khfhz kw;Wk; kj;jpa murhq;fk; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd mjpfhuq;fs; rk;ge;jkhd

gpur;rpidfs; vd;gij tpl fl;rp murpay; hPjpahd gpur;rpidfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

cUthfpa xU epiyahFk;. ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; ngw;W 6 jrhg;j fhy vy;iyapDs; eilngw;w

,t;thwhd xU jdpg;gl;l rpwpa epfo;tpid mbg;gilahf nfhz;L fUj;J ntspapLk;

mstpw;F rpyh; tq;fNuhj;J epiyapid mile;Js;sik eifg;Gf;Fhpa xU tplakhFk;.

MapDk; Nky; kl;lj;jpYs;s murpay;thjpfs; $l ,t;thwhd epfo;Tfis kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

Nkilfspy; $wp nghJkf;fis topjtwp mioj;Jf;nfhs;s eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tNj

kpfTk; gaq;fukhd nrayhFk;.



jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdh;

rpNu\;l rl;lj;juzpv];.vy;. FzNrfu

Photo source : www.aljazeera.com

tlkhfhzrigj; Nju;jYf;F jpfjp mwptpf;fg;gl;lTld; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhd tlkhfhzrigj; Nju;jYf;F jpfjp mwptpf;fg;gl;lTld; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;nfjpuhd

vjph;g;G vOe;jJ. jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt ,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdh;. mjpy; vjph;g;G vOe;jJ. jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhfNt ,e;jpahTf;F gag;gLfpd;wdh;. mjpy;

jPik cs;sJ. ,t;thW vjph;g;G fhl;Lk;NghJ jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; mjid jPik cs;sJ. ,t;thW vjph;g;G fhl;Lk;NghJ jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; mjid

mth;fSf;F vjpuhd rpq;fs Mjpf;fj;jpd; tpupthf;fk; vd mh;j;jk; fw;gpg;ghh;fs;. ehl;bd; mth;fSf;F vjpuhd rpq;fs Mjpf;fj;jpd; tpupthf;fk; vd mh;j;jk; fw;gpg;ghh;fs;. ehl;bd;

murpayikg;ig ghh;f;Fk;NghJ mJ kf;fSf;F ed;ik mspf;fpd;wjh ,y;iyah murpayikg;ig ghh;f;Fk;NghJ mJ kf;fSf;F ed;ik mspf;fpd;wjh ,y;iyah

vd;gJ gw;wp ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j nghUj;jg;ghl;il MuhAk;NghJ ehnkOg;Gk; vd;gJ gw;wp ftdpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j nghUj;jg;ghl;il MuhAk;NghJ ehnkOg;Gk;

thjk; njhlh;ghf jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; vOg;Gk; Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Nghypahdit thjk; njhlh;ghf jkpo; gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; vOg;Gk; Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Nghypahdit

vd kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; $wNtz;bajpy;iy. jw;NghJ mJ njhlh;gpy; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ vd kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; $wNtz;bajpy;iy. jw;NghJ mJ njhlh;gpy; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ

kf;fSf;F khfhzrigapD}lhf ve;jnthU ed;ikAk; Vw;gltpy;iynad;gJ njhpfpwJ. kf;fSf;F khfhzrigapD}lhf ve;jnthU ed;ikAk; Vw;gltpy;iynad;gJ njhpfpwJ.

khfhz rig ,y;iynad;why; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;G vd;dntd;W rpe;jpg;gJ khfhz rig ,y;iynad;why; kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;G vd;dntd;W rpe;jpg;gJ

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

khfhzrigfs; ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; ngUk;ghyhd jPh;khdq;fs; [dhjpgjpahNyNa

vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. VjhtnjhU khfhz rigia fiyg;gjw;f;Fhpa jPh;khdj;ij

Kjyikr;rhpd; MNyhridf;fika MSdu; mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy;

vd;d elf;fpwJ? [dhjpgjpNa mjidj; jPh;khdpf;fpwhh;. mth; cz;ikapNyNa

jiytuhthu;. murpay; fl;rpfis gyg;gLj;Jtjidj; jtpu NtnwJTk; ,e;j 13 MtJ

jpUj;jk;%yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. mjd; epjp tpuaj;ij vkJ

ehL jhq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ. ehl;bd; NtW JiwfspYk; XusT tpuak; Vw;gLfpwJ.

khfhzrigf@lhfNt kpfTk; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpwJ. mz;ikapy; tlkj;jpa khfhzrig

cWg;gpdh;fspd; ntspehl;L Rw;Wyh [dhjpgjpapd; jiyaPl;lhy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. Nky;>

njd; khfhzrigfs; mjid Kd;dNu Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jd. ,t;thW Rw;Wyh



ehk; kPz;Lk;

fpuhk rig Kiwf;F

nry;yNtz;Lnkd;gNj

vdJ Kd; nkhopthFk;.

fpuhkq;fspy;

ey;y egh;fSf;F

tha;g;gspf;fNtz;Lk;.

mth;fs; eph;thfj;jpy;

gq;Nfw;fNtz;Lk;. fl;rpNah>

RahjPd cWg;gpdNuh xNu

rkkhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nguk;NgRk; Kiwapy;

thf;nfLg;G Clhf Kd;te;J

kf;fSf;F Nritahw;w

tha;g;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

nrd;whYk; mth;fs; rpW mstpyhtJ ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F VjhtJ Nrh;f;fpd;wduh?

,J ntWkNd jdpegh;fis jpUg;jpg;gLj;Jtjhf khj;jpuNk mikfpwJ.

mjw;fika vkJ vjph;g;G kf;fis Ruz;bj;jpd;Dk; Kiwf;nfjpuhdNj jtpu

jkpo;kf;fSf;nfjpuhdjy;y. Kf;fpa ,U fl;rpfspdJk; gz;Ng ,J. kf;fis

Ruz;lf;$ba tplaq;fspy; I.Nj.fTk; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpAk; xd;wpize;J

tpLthh;fs;. me;j ,U fl;rpfspYk; kpfr;rpW njhifapdNu mjw;F vjpuhf ,Ug;ghh;fs;.

mth;fSf;F kf;fspd; nfsutk; fpl;lNtz;Lk;. vdNt 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij uj;Jr;nra;Nj

Mf Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; ve;jnthU ed;ikAk; fpilf;ftpy;iyahapd; ,jid

njhlh;e;Jk; ghJfhg;gjpy; mh;j;jkpy;iy.

ehk; kPz;Lk; fpuhk rig Kiwf;F nry;yNtz;Lnkd;gNj vdJ Kd; nkhopthFk;.

fpuhkq;fspy; ey;y egh;fSf;F tha;g;gspf;fNtz;Lk;. mth;fs; eph;thfj;jpy;

gq;Nfw;fNtz;Lk;. fl;rpNah> RahjPd cWg;gpdNuh xNu rkkhf fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nguk;NgRk; Kiwapy; thf;nfLg;G Clhf Kd;te;J kf;fSf;F Nritahw;w tha;g;gspf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dh; fpuhknkhd;wpy; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lNkJk; ,Ug;gpd; mjd;

jpl;lkply;> mKy;gLj;jy; ,e;j fpuhk rigg; gpujpepjpfsplk; xg;gilf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Gsj;

rpq;fsj; njhFjpapy; gj;J fpuhk rigfs; ,Ug;gjhf itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. me;jf;fpuhk

rigfspd; gpujpepjpfs; jkJ cWg;gpdiuj; njhpT nra;a tha;g;gspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

mg;NghJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; KO Gsj;rpq;fs njhFjpAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

fpuhk rigg; gpujpepjpfs; kf;fshy; njhpT nra;ag;gLtjdhy; mth;fs; cWg;gpdh;fis

njhpT nra;ag;glf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; KOg;ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; njspthd kf;fs;

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; mg;NghjpUf;Fk;. ,e;jg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSf;F jkJ mur

jiytiu njhpT nra;Ak; tha;g;G toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ Njh;jYf;fhf

nrytplg;gLk; tiuaiwapy;yhj nryT ehl;Lf;F kPjkhFk;. 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij NkYk;

jpUj;Jtjw;fhf vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpapd;NghJ fpof;F khfhzrig cWg;gpdh;fs; ,t;thW

$wpdhh;fs; “vdJ fl;rpj;jiyth; fUj;Jf;$wpa gpd;dNu vdJ fUj;ijf;$WNtd;.” vd

uT+g; `f;fPk; njhlh;ghf $wg;gl;lJ. vLj;jjw;nfy;yhk; ,t;thW $Wk; mwptw;wth;fsplk;

mjpfhuj;ij toq;fKaw;rpg;gjh? mth;fs; fl;rpfspd; nghk;ikfNs jtpu Neubahd

kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; my;y. ,d;ndhUGwk; ,t;thwhd VJk; mwpahjthplk; mjpfhuj;ij

toq;fhky; ,Ug;gJ ey;yNj.

kf;fs; mjpfkhd tho;f;ifr; nryT Rikahy; eRq;fpf;nhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ kf;fs; mjpfkhd tho;f;ifr; nryT Rikahy; eRq;fpf;nhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ

mikr;ruitia guhkhpj;Jf;nfhz;L> mth;fSf;F vhpnghUSk; toq;fp nra;Ak; mikr;ruitia guhkhpj;Jf;nfhz;L> mth;fSf;F vhpnghUSk; toq;fp nra;Ak;

nryT tpuakpy;iyah? ,e;jg; gpujpepjpfsplkpUe;J tpidjpwd; fpl;lhJ rhjhuz nryT tpuakpy;iyah? ,e;jg; gpujpepjpfsplkpUe;J tpidjpwd; fpl;lhJ rhjhuz

khfhzrig gpujpepjpf;Fk; ghJfhtyh;fs; ,t;thwhd mikjpahd #o;epiyapy; ,e;j khfhzrig gpujpepjpf;Fk; ghJfhtyh;fs; ,t;thwhd mikjpahd #o;epiyapy; ,e;j

tPz;tpua gpujpepjpfisg; guhkhpg;gjw;F ngUksT gzj;ij nrytpLtJ Fw;wkhFk;. tPz;tpua gpujpepjpfisg; guhkhpg;gjw;F ngUksT gzj;ij nrytpLtJ Fw;wkhFk;.

khfhzrigf;fl;lblq;fs;> mYtyfq;fSf;F nrytpLk; kpd;fl;lzq;fs;. ,uz;L khfhzrigf;fl;lblq;fs;> mYtyfq;fSf;F nrytpLk; kpd;fl;lzq;fs;. ,uz;L

NgUe;J jhpg;GfSf;F mg;ghy; nry;tjw;F $l fhrpy;yhj ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; thOk; NgUe;J jhpg;GfSf;F mg;ghy; nry;tjw;F $l fhrpy;yhj ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; thOk;

ehl;by; ,t;thwhd rpW njhifapdhpd; tPz;tpuaq;fSf;F kf;fs; gzk; ,iuahtij ehl;by; ,t;thwhd rpW njhifapdhpd; tPz;tpuaq;fSf;F kf;fs; gzk; ,iuahtij

mq;fPfhpf;fyhkh? mq;fPfhpf;fyhkh?

Kjypy; 2{3 mjpfhuj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhz;l Kiw njhlh;gpy; vdf;F gpur;rid

cs;sJ. fU n[a#hpa cl;gl ngUksT I.Nj.f. cWg;gpdh;fs; [dhjpgjpapd; iffis

gyg;gLj;Jtjhf $wpr; nry;Yk;NghJ ehd; [dhjpgjpia re;jpj;Njd;. “[dhjpgjpath;fNs

me;j Nkhrkhdth;fis ePq;fs; mUfpy; miof;ff;$lhJ vdf; $wpNdd;.

mth;fs; njhopy; NjbNa te;jhh;fs;. ve;jnthU njhiyNehf;Fkpy;yhky; muRld;

,ize;jth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij ePf;Ftjw;F xj;Jiog;ghh;fs; vd vjpu;ghu;f;f

KbahJ.

mz;ikapy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOtpd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;yhky;



jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhf

,e;jpahTld; Kuz;gl

gag;gLfpd;wdh;. grpy;

uh[gf;\ ,e;jpahTf;F

nrd;wJ jho;Tr;rpf;fy;

fhuzkhf ,y;iyah?

me;jg;gazk; vkJ

ehl;bd; rpq;fs> jkpo;>

K];yPk; kf;fsJ

eyDf;F VJthdjh

vd;W rpe;jpj;Jg;

ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;.

Nghdik njhlh;gpy; vjph;g;Gfs; cz;L. jp];] tpjhuz Nghd;Nwhiug; nghpjhf

ftdj;jpy; vLf;ff; $lhJ vdf; fUJfpNwd;. Neubj;jiyth;fs; my;yhj ge;jk;

gpbg;Nghhpd; vjph;g;Gf;fshy; jhf;fkpy;iy.

khfhzrig Kiwapy; epajpr;rl;lq;fSf;F MSdhpd; mq;fPfhuk; NjitahFk;. khfhzrig Kiwapy; epajpr;rl;lq;fSf;F MSdhpd; mq;fPfhuk; NjitahFk;.

,Ug;gpDk; epajpr;rl;lj;ij rkh;g;gpf;Fk; vy;yh chpikAk; khfhz rigf;Fs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; epajpr;rl;lj;ij rkh;g;gpf;Fk; vy;yh chpikAk; khfhz rigf;Fs;sJ.

MSdh; epajpr;rl;lj;jpy; ifnaOj;jplhtpl;lhYk; mjid mq;fPfhpf;f$ba Kiwik MSdh; epajpr;rl;lj;jpy; ifnaOj;jplhtpl;lhYk; mjid mq;fPfhpf;f$ba Kiwik

cs;sJ. mjw;F mt;tsT mjpfhukpy;iy.cs;sJ. mjw;F mt;tsT mjpfhukpy;iy.

murpayikg;Gf;fika mikr;ruitapd; MNyhridf;F Vw;gNt MSdh;

nraw;glNtz;Lk;. mth;fs; jkJ tpUg;gj;Jf;fika ghtpf;ff;$ba tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

mjpfhuq;fs; cs;sJ. mjidtpl MSdUf;F ngUk; mjpfhuk; ,Ug;gjhf ehd;

epidf;ftpy;iy. ,J ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lNj jtpu cz;ikapy;iy.

Njrpaf; nfhs;if vd;W tUk; tplaq;fspy; khfhzrigfs; ifNghlf;$lhJ.

Nghf;Ftuj;J Nrit> nlq;F xopg;Gr; Nrit Nghd;wit Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; nra;ag;gl

Ntz;baitahFk;. nlq;F Esk;G khfhz vy;iyfSf;fika jhf;Ftjpy;iy

mit ehLjOtpa NritfNs md;wp khfhzq;fSf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;litay;y

mjdhy; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; jpl;lkplNtz;Lk;. mjid Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; jahhpj;jhy;

khfhzkl;lj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jyhk;. fpuhk rig Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhy;

,itaidj;jpw;Fk; XusT jPu;T cz;L. mikr;rh;fspd; mbtUbfNs ehl;il

mopf;fpd;wdh;. rnjhrtpy; fUthL epWj;j kdpjd; ,yq;ifapd; cah; nry;te;j murpay;

thjpahFk;NghJ mth; nra;j Coy;fis epidj;Jg;ghh;f;fyhk;.

13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij khw;wk; nra;tjw;F vdf;F KO rk;kjk;. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,jid 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij khw;wk; nra;tjw;F vdf;F KO rk;kjk;. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,jid

KOikahf ePf;fNtz;Lk;. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,izf;fg;gLtjw;F ehk; KOikahf ePf;fNtz;Lk;. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fs; ,izf;fg;gLtjw;F ehk;

Muk;gj;jpy; vjph;g;Gj;njhptpj;Njhk;. ,izg;gjd; fUj;J rpq;fs> K];yPk; ,dj;jthpd; Muk;gj;jpy; vjph;g;Gj;njhptpj;Njhk;. ,izg;gjd; fUj;J rpq;fs> K];yPk; ,dj;jthpd;

murpay; chpikfis ,y;yhky; nra;tjhFk;.murpay; chpikfis ,y;yhky; nra;tjhFk;.

fLikahd ePz;lfhy Nghhpy; ntw;wpngw;w ehk; rh;tNjrj;Jf;F fhJ

nfhLf;fNtz;bajpy;iy. ,e;jpah vkJ kz;iz Mf;fpukpj;jNghJ rh;tNjr r%fk;

nksdkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> mtw;iw fUj;jpy; vLf;fj;Njitapy;iy. mt;Ntisapy;

[dhjpgjp ve;jg;ngha;ia $wpapUe;jhYk; jtwpy;iy. mtuJ ngUk; nghWg;ghf

,Ue;jJ vjphpfsplkpUe;J ehl;il kPl;lnjd;gNj. Nkw;F ehLfs; vk;ik Rw;wptisj;J

jhf;Fthh;fs;. vkJ kpfg;ngUk; vjphp ,e;jpahNt. ,e;jpah vkJ ehl;Lf;F vjpuhf nra;j

gpioahd nraw;ghLfs; vz;zpf;ifaw;wit. [dhjpgjp $wpa ve;jnthU ngha;iaAk;

epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf rh;tNjrj;jplk; nry;yNtz;bajpy;iy.

jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhf ,e;jpahTld; Kuz;gl gag;gLfpd;wdh;. grpy; uh[gf;\

,e;jpahTf;F nrd;wJ jho;Tr;rpf;fy; fhuzkhf ,y;iyah? me;jg;gazk; vkJ ehl;bd;

rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk; kf;fsJ eyDf;F VJthdjh vd;W rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;.

vk;kplk; thf;FWjp Nfl;Fk; rh;tNjrk; ahh;? Fthz;ldhNkh tijKfhik %Lk;

jpfjpia ehk; Nfl;gjpy;iy ,J njhlh;ghd njspT muRf;F ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

gpur;ridfis jPh;g;gjw;fhf vLf;fg;gLk; midj;J Kaw;rpfSf;Fk; gpd;dhy;

,Ug;gJ gpw;Nghf;F re;jh;g;g thjNk. ll;yp Nrd ehaf;fTf;F jkpo; cWg;gpdh;fspd;

xj;Jiog;ig ngwNtz;ba Njit ,Ue;jik fhuzkhfNt ll;yp nry;tehafk;

xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. fhzp toq;Fk;NghJ Kjypy; me;j khfhzj; fhzp toq;Fk;NghJ Kjypy; me;j khfhzj;

jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;lhtjhf Vida khfhzj;jkpoh;fSf;Fk; fhzp toq;f jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;lhtjhf Vida khfhzj;jkpoh;fSf;Fk; fhzp toq;f

Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtjhfNt rpq;fsth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;. mJ xg;ge;jj;jpd; Xh; Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtjhfNt rpq;fsth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;. mJ xg;ge;jj;jpd; Xh;

epge;jid Gwf;Nfhl;il 2k; FWf;F tPjpapy; cs;s rptrhkp gjpaj;jyhitapy; trpf;Fk; epge;jid Gwf;Nfhl;il 2k; FWf;F tPjpapy; cs;s rptrhkp gjpaj;jyhitapy; trpf;Fk;

GQ;rpgz;lhtpd; fhzpiag;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s chpik cs;sJ. ve;jnthU jPh;tpd; GQ;rpgz;lhtpd; fhzpiag;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s chpik cs;sJ. ve;jnthU jPh;tpd;



tlkhfhz rigj;

Njh;jypy; nghJrd

If;fpa Kd;dzpNah>

j.Nj.$l;likg;Ngh vth;

ntd;whYk; NtWghby;iy.

Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G

,y;yhj gpur;ridia

Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.

jw;NghJ Gdpju;;fs;

Nghy; ,Ue;jhYk;

j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdh; tlf;F

fpof;F jkpo; kf;fsplj;jpy;

jkpoh; jhafnkDk;

gphptpid thjj;ijg;

Ngh\ pj;jhh;fs;.

%yKk; ehl;bd; gpur;ridf;F jPh;T toq;FtNj vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; vkJ %yKk; ehl;bd; gpur;ridf;F jPh;T toq;FtNj vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; vkJ

ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;rid Fbkf;fs; midtUf;Fk; rkThpik fpilf;fhikNa ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;rid Fbkf;fs; midtUf;Fk; rkThpik fpilf;fhikNa

MFk;. midtUk; xNu rPuhd chpikfis mDgtpg;ghh;fshapd; ,e;ehl;by; Njrpa MFk;. midtUk; xNu rPuhd chpikfis mDgtpg;ghh;fshapd; ,e;ehl;by; Njrpa

,dg; gpur;rid ,Uf;fhJ. Xt;Nthh; ,dj;Jf;Fk; cs;s gpur;ridfis nghJtpy; ,dg; gpur;rid ,Uf;fhJ. Xt;Nthh; ,dj;Jf;Fk; cs;s gpur;ridfis nghJtpy;

,dg;gpur;ridahf milahsg;gLj;JtJ jtW grp midtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ. grpf;F ,dg;gpur;ridahf milahsg;gLj;JtJ jtW grp midtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ. grpf;F

rpq;fs jkpo; NtWghL fpilahJ.rpq;fs jkpo; NtWghL fpilahJ.

,e;ehl;L Fbkf;fSk; rkkhf elhj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,jw;Fr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;L

[dhjpgjpapd; ikj;JdNu. mjhtJ kidtpapd; rNfhjuh;. mthplkpUe;j

ntspehl;Lg;gzk; rl;ltpNuhjkhdJ. Mdhy; nghyprhh; mth; nra;j Kiwg;ghl;il

kl;LNk tprhhpj;jdh;. fhzhky; Nghd kzpf;$l;ilj; NjLtjw;Nf nghyprhh;

<LgLj;jg;gl;ldh;. mtUf;nfjpuhf tof;F njhlug;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; ruj;

nghd;Nrfhtpd; kfsJ khkpahiu ePjpkd;Wf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;F nghyprhh; vt;tsT

Kaw;rp vLj;jhh;fs;.? ,it eifr;Ritahd rk;gtq;fNs. [dhjpgjpapd; rNfhjhpapd;

Njhl;lj;ij glnkLf;fr; nrd;w Gifg;gl fiyQUf;nfjpuhf gaq;futhj jLg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;

fPo; tof;F Nghlg;gl;lJ. rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkndd;gJ mjd;%yk; njhpfpwjh?

murpyikg;gpd; 12 tJ cWg;Giuia rhpahf mKy;gLj;Jtjhapd; ve;j gpur;ridAk;

,y;iy. rpyh; rl;lj;jpd;Kd; mjpfhuk; ngWtjid mJ jLf;Fk;. murpayikg;gpdhy;

ehl;il epu;tfpf;f KbahJ. rpyh; mjid rhjfkhf ghh;j;jhYk; midj;Jg;

gpur;ridfisAk; jPh;f;fKbahJ. nta;khh; FbauR murpayikg;Gf;fikaNt `pl;yh;;

mjpfhuj;Jf;F te;jhh;. me;jsT ypguy; murpayikg;G cyfpy; vq;Fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

mJ kpfTk; mhpa murpayikg;ghFk;. ve;jnthU murpayikg;gpYk; ePf;fNtz;ba

kw;Wk; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j murpayikg;gpYs;s tpfpjhrhu

gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiw ,uz;LKiw rpe;jpf;fhky; ePf;fg;glNtz;ba xd;whFk;. fl;rpj;

jiyth;fshy; cWg;gpdh;fs; njhpT nra;ag;gLk; NghJ RahjPdkhd cWg;gpdh;fs;

kpQ;rkhl;lhh;fs;. Mh;.[P. Nrdehaf;f> jq;fj;Jiu> Kjpahd;Nr njd;df;Nfhd;

Nghd;Nwhh; RNal;ir cWg;gpdh;fshf rpwg;ghd Nritahw;wpdhh;fs;.

tlkhfhz rigj; Njh;jypy; nghJrd If;fpa Kd;dzpNah> j.Nj.$l;likg;Ngh vth;

ntd;whYk; NtWghby;iy. Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G ,y;yhj gpur;ridia Vw;gLj;j

Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. jw;NghJ Gdpju;;fs; Nghy; ,Ue;jhYk; j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdh; tlf;F fpof;F

jkpo; kf;fsplj;jpy; jkpoh; jhafnkDk; gphptpid thjj;ijg; Ngh\pj;jhh;fs;.

,e;j ehl;Lepyg;gug;gpd; 33¤ vkf;Fhpanjd 12 tPjkhNdhh; $WtJ

Mgj;jhdjpy;iyah? If;fpa $l;likg;G Njh;jypy; ntd;whYk; ed;ik Vw;glhJ.

ehl;bd; ed;ik njhlh;ghd ghh;itapy; mth;fs; Nehf;Ftjpy;iy. fl;rpapdJk;>

FLk;gq;fspdJk; eyDf;fhd ghh;itNa cs;sJ. Nghh;f;fhyj;jpy; kfpe;j uh[gf;\

mth;fs; Njrg; gw;Wld; mDfpdhu;. rpy jPa rf;jpfSf;F rpwg;ghf Kfk; nfhLj;jhh;.

Ntnwe;j ehl;bYkpy;yhj Rje;jpuj;ij vk;khy; Vw;gLj;j Kbe;jJ.

khfhz rigfSf;nfjpuhd vjph;g;Gf;fis jw;Nghija epiyapy; rpyNgh;

,dthjkhff; fhl;l Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdh;. mjw;F ,dthj Kyhk; g+rg;gLtjdhy;

mt;thwhd epiy Vw;gl;bUf;fyhnkd;w re;Njfk; vOfpwJ. cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd;

midj;J ePjpaurh;fSk; jkpoh;fshapDk; jFjp ,Ug;gpd; epakpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,d

tpfpjhrhuj;Jf;fika njhopy; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;W vk;khy; $wKbahJ. rpuhzp

gz;lhuehaf;fh mk;kzp njhlh;ghd gpur;ridia mtUf;Fk; [dhjpgjpf;F kpilapyhd

gpur;rid kl;LNk vd fhl;Ltjw;f;F rpyh; Kaw;rpnaLj;jdh;. Mdhy; kpfTk; rhjhuz

gpur;ridNa mjpypUe;jJ. mjid jPh;g;gjw;Nfh> tpsf;fkspg;gjw;f;Nfh epahakhd

tha;g;G toq;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; me;j rk;gtk; $l ge;jk; gpbf;Fk; murpaypd;

nfh^u Kfj;ij vLj;jJ.



tlf;F Njh;jYld; fsj;Jf;F te;Js;s %l ek;gpf;iffs;

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.srila

nkag

uard

ian.

org

mrq;f ntypfyMa;thsu;>khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak;

fpof;F khfhz MSeu; nkh`hd; tpN[tpf;uk> epu;khzpf;fg;gLk; Gjpa tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lj;ijg; ghu;itapLfpwhu;.

gjpd;%d;whtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk;

,yq;iff;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ljd;

Nehf;fj;ij vJntd;gjid

ngUk;ghNyhdh; kwe;J tpl;ldh;. nfhOk;G

efiu ikakhff;nfhz;L gy rk;gtq;fs;

eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gJ

kpfTk; njspthdJ. rpq;fs ,dthjpfsplk;

mjpu;\;ltrkhd gz;nghd;W ,Ug;gjhfTk;

mjNdhL ,ize;jjhff; $Wtjpy;

jtNwJkpy;iy. fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; jkJ

,Ug;Gf;Fj; Njitahd jiyg;nghd;W

fpilg;gNj mJ. ehl;bd; ,iwik Nghd;w

xUNghJk; milaKbahj chpikfSf;fhf

Kd;epd;whYk; rpyNtis mjid

mtkhdg;gLj;Jtjhf $wtpy;iyahapd;

rpq;fs ,dthjpfSf;F rpytw;iw

Qhgfg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ Mgphpf;ff;

fz;lj;ij ,yf;fpaj;jhy; kaf;fpg;Nghl;l

/ghd;]; f/g;fhtpd; ,e;jpu[hy

ajhh;j;jj;ijf;$l Njhw;f;fbf;ff; $basT

mjprakhd nr;ajpf; fijj;njhliu ,g;NghJ

mth;fs; cUthf;fp tUfpd;wdh;. jw;NghJ

mth;fSf;F fpilj;Js;s Gjpa jiyg;G

tlf;fpy; elhj;jg;glTs;s Njh;jyhFk;

mj;Jld; nghyP];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fis

toq;FtJk; mth;fsJ fLikahd

vjph;g;Gf;F fhuzkhf ,Ug;gjhfTk;

njhpa tUfpwJ. ehk; fw;w murpay;

tpQ;Qhdj;Jf;fika kl;Lkd;wp murpay;

tpQ;Qhdj;ij fw;Fk; cah;ju khztd;

$l gjpyspf;ff;$ba tpdh nthd;Wf;fhf

,dthjpfs; jkJ KO murpay;

nraw;ghl;ilANk mh;g;gzpj;Js;sjhff;

$WtJ Mr;rhpaj;Jf;Fhpa tplaky;y.

mjhtJ tlkhfhz rig epWtg;gl;lTld; mjhtJ tlkhfhz rig epWtg;gl;lTld;

mjNdhL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp> mjNdhL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzp>

nghyP]; mjpfhuq;fSk; NrUk;NghJ nghyP]; mjpfhuq;fSk; NrUk;NghJ

mJ gphptpidthjj;Jf;F toprikf;Fk; mJ gphptpidthjj;Jf;F toprikf;Fk;

vd;gNj ,dthjpfspd; thjk;. ehd; Kd;G vd;gNj ,dthjpfspd; thjk;. ehd; Kd;G

Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;jpu[hy ajhh;j;jk; ,q;Nfjhd; Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;jpu[hy ajhh;j;jk; ,q;Nfjhd;

Njitg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ ,jid cWjp Njitg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ ,jid cWjp

nra;tjw;;F kpfr;rpwe;j fijf; fUf;fs; nra;tjw;;F kpfr;rpwe;j fijf; fUf;fs;

gytw;iw RitA+l;b Kd;itj;jy;. gytw;iw RitA+l;b Kd;itj;jy;.

mjw;fhf murpay; Njtij fijia mjw;fhf murpay; Njtij fijia

Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; cja Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; cja

fk;kd;gpyTf;F rthy;tplf;$ba vtuhtJ fk;kd;gpyTf;F rthy;tplf;$ba vtuhtJ



MSdh; njhlh;ghf

cja fk;gd;tpy

cl;gl ,dthjpfs;

vOg;Gk; fijahdJ

KOikahd

fw;gidahdNj jtpu

NtnwJTkpy;iy.

,Ug;ghuhapd; mJ rk;gpf;f uztf;f ,Ug;ghuhapd; mJ rk;gpf;f uztf;f

mikr;rNu jtpu NtW ahUky;y. mtuJ mikr;rNu jtpu NtW ahUky;y. mtuJ

kpfg; gpe;jpa ,e;jpu[hy fijAUthf;fkhdJ kpfg; gpe;jpa ,e;jpu[hy fijAUthf;fkhdJ

khfhzrig njhlh;ghd ehd;F khiafs; khfhzrig njhlh;ghd ehd;F khiafs;

MFk;. mth; kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L fhyj;Jf;F MFk;. mth; kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L fhyj;Jf;F

fhyk; nghUj;jkpy;yhj cjhuzq;fspd; fhyk; nghUj;jkpy;yhj cjhuzq;fspd;

cjtpAld; $Wtjw;F Kaw;rpf;Fk; KOf; cjtpAld; $Wtjw;F Kaw;rpf;Fk; KOf;

fijf;Fk; ehd; Kd;dh;$wpa cah;ju fijf;Fk; ehd; Kd;dh;$wpa cah;ju

khztdhy; $l gjpyspf;f KbAk;. khztdhy; $l gjpyspf;f KbAk;.

jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp jw;NghJs;s mjpfhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

tlf;fpy; elhj;jg;gLk; khfhz rigahdJ tlf;fpy; elhj;jg;gLk; khfhz rigahdJ

gphptpidthjj;ij Nehf;fpg; gazpg;gJ gphptpidthjj;ij Nehf;fpg; gazpg;gJ

kpfTk; ,yFthdJ vdTk;> mJ ehl;bd; kpfTk; ,yFthdJ vdTk;> mJ ehl;bd;

,iwikia ghjpf;Fk; vd;gNj mtuJ ,iwikia ghjpf;Fk; vd;gNj mtuJ

gpujhd thjkhFk;. mjw;fika ,e;j gpujhd thjkhFk;. mjw;fika ,e;j

thjj;Jf;F toq;ff;$ba xNunahU thjj;Jf;F toq;ff;$ba xNunahU

gjpyhdJ ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhrypr gjpyhdJ ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhrypr

Fbaurpd; murpay; ahg;Gf;fika ,e;j Fbaurpd; murpay; ahg;Gf;fika ,e;j

ehL ,g;NghJk; xw;iwahl;rp vd;gJk; ehL ,g;NghJk; xw;iwahl;rp vd;gJk;

khfhzrig vd;gJ mjw;fika khfhzrig vd;gJ mjw;fika

epWtg;gl;Ls;s myF kl;LNk vd;gJkhFk;. epWtg;gl;Ls;s myF kl;LNk vd;gJkhFk;.

1978,d; ,uz;lhtJ FbauR ahg;gpYk;>

mjw;f;F Kd;Ndhbahd 1972 FbauR

ahg;gpYk; ,uz;lhtJ cWg;Giuapy;

,yq;if FbauR xw;iwahl;rp muR

gpd;dzpapy; ,e;ehl;bd; rl;lG+h;t

murpayikg;G mjpfhuj;Jld; VjhtnjhU

murpay; fl;rpNah { FONth nraw;gl;lhYk;

me;j mjpfhuq;fis murpayikg;gpd;

Vw;ghLfSld; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L

gad;gLj;jyhNk jtpu xt;nthUth;

fw;gidapy; $WtJNghd;W gaq;fu

rk;gtk; VJk; elf;fhJ.

MSdh; njhlh;ghf cja fk;gd;tpy

cl;gl ,dthjpfs; vOg;Gk; fijahdJ

KOikahd fw;gidahdNj jtpu

NtnwJTkpy;iy. cz;ikapNyNa

mth;fs; fhl;LtJNghy MSdh;

Kf;fpakhd Ntisapy; nrayw;W

mjpfhukw;w eguhapd; mjpfhug;gfph;T

njhlh;ghf ek;gpf;if itj;jpUf;Fk; ehk;

kfpo;r;rpailNthnkdj; jaq;fhky; $w

Ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gpDk; cz;ikapNyNa

ele;jpUg;gJ vd;dntd;why; mjpfhug;

gfph;T murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; mbg;gil

tplaq;fis cjhrPdg;gLj;jp rpw;rpy

gpw;Nghf;fhd Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf Kd;dpw;Fk;

MSdh; gjtp cUthfpAs;sJ vd;gNjhLk;

MSdh; gjtp njhlh;ghf Muha;e;J ghh;f;Fk;

NghJ kl;Lk; murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giuapy;

cs;sgbNa nghUs; nfhs;sg;gLtJld;>

Gjpjhf tlf;fpy; gjtpf;F tuf;$ba

murpay; fl;rp njhlh;ghf fijf;Fk;NghJ

murpayikg;G hPjpahd Vw;ghLfSf;F

mg;ghy; gazpf;f KbAnkd;W Ghpe;Jnfhs;s

Ntz;baJ ,dthjpfspd; nraw;ghnld;wh

mt;thwpy;yhtpbd; re;jh;g;gthjj;Jf;NfAhpa

Fzhk;rkhfth vd;gJ njhlh;gpy;

kPz;Lk; xU jlit epidj;Jg;ghh;f;f

Ntz;bAs;sJ.

ehk; xUNghJk; MSdUf;Fhpa ghj;jpuj;ij

epuhfhpf;ftpy;iy vd;gjidAk;

vLj;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,JNghd;w

xw;iwahl;rp Kiwapy; kj;jpa murpd;

gpujpepjpahf MSdUf;Fhpa cz;ikahd

ghj;jpukhdJ khfhz rigapy; murpd;

fUj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;tjhFk;.

,Ug;gpDk; mJ khfhzrigapd;

mj;jpahtrpa nraw;ghLfspy; ifitj;jy;

tiuf;Fk; mjpfhpf;Fkhapd; mq;Nf rpy

Kuz;ghLfs; cs;sjhf ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;

eilngWtJ vd;d vd;gjid Kiwahf

Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy; ,e;j tplaj;ij

njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. cz;ikahd

kf;fs; Njitf;fhf Muk;g ghlrhiyia

fy;tp mikr;ruhy; (khfhz) jpwf;fg;gl;l

kWehNs mjid %Ltjw;F MSdh;

eltbf;if vLj;jhh;. kf;fs; ,iwikia

Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLk; MSdUld; kf;fSf;F

Nrit nra;Ak; rpukkhd murpaiy

gad;gLj;jp rptNdrJiu re;jpufhe;jdpd;

jiyikapyhd khfhz rig nraw;gl;lJ

Nghd;Nw mg;Jy; k[Pj; jiyikapyhd

(mth; I.k.R. $l;likg;gpd; MAl;fhy

cWg;gpdh; vd;gjidAk; ftdpf;f

Ntz;Lk;) khfhz rigAk; mDgtpj;J

tUfpwJ.

,d;W mq;F mikr;ruit xU gf;fj;jpYk;> ,d;W mq;F mikr;ruit xU gf;fj;jpYk;>

MSdh; ,d;ndhU gf;fj;jpYk; ,Ug;gNj MSdh; ,d;ndhU gf;fj;jpYk; ,Ug;gNj

cz;ik epiyahFk;. mt;thwhd cz;ik epiyahFk;. mt;thwhd

Muk;g ghlrhiyiaf; $l Muk;gpg;gjw;F Muk;g ghlrhiyiaf; $l Muk;gpg;gjw;F

mjd; fy;tp mikr;rUf;F tha;g;G mjd; fy;tp mikr;rUf;F tha;g;G

,y;yhjpUg;gJ mJ gaq;futhj jLg;G ,y;yhjpUg;gJ mJ gaq;futhj jLg;G

rl;lj;jpd;fPo; nfhz;Ltuf; $ba jtnwd;W rl;lj;jpd;fPo; nfhz;Ltuf; $ba jtnwd;W

ghh;g;gjdhyh? ,y;iy. mJ ntWkNd ghh;g;gjdhyh? ,y;iy. mJ ntWkNd

murpayikg;G hPjpahd> rl;l Vw;ghLfis murpayikg;G hPjpahd> rl;l Vw;ghLfis

jhz;br;nrd;w jdpegh; mfq;fhuk; kw;Wk; jhz;br;nrd;w jdpegh; mfq;fhuk; kw;Wk;

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; ntg;gj;jpy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; ntg;gj;jpy;

tPo;e;Jfplf;Fk; jdpeghpd; tpUg;gNk. tPo;e;Jfplf;Fk; jdpeghpd; tpUg;gNk.



mjhtJ tujuh[g; ngUkhd;

fhyj;Jld; (1990 - 1991

fhyg;gFjp) ,d;iwa epiyia

xg;gpLtJ Nghd;W Kl;lhs;

jdk; NtNwJk; ,Uf;fhJ

vd;gNjahFk;. kj;jpa

murpd; mrhjhuzkhd

mf;fiwapd;ik kw;Wk;

gpNukjh] mth;fs; jkpoPo

tpLjiyg; GypfSld;

nfhz;bUe;j kpfTk;

,ufrpakhd njhlh;Gfs;

fhuzkhf tpuf;jpaile;jpUe;j

tujuh[g;ngUkhd; jdJ

vjph;g;igf; fhl;Lk; FwpaPl;L

Kiwahf <o Njrj;ij

gpufldg;gLj;jpajhf mf;fhy

murpay; gpd;dzp njhlh;ghf

mwpe;jth;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;.

,dthjpfs; nghyP]; mjpfhuk; njhlh;gpy;

fl;bnaOg;Gk; thjKk; kpfTk; RitahdJ

vd;W $w Ntz;Lk;. mjd; khiaia xU

Gwk;js;sp ghh;g;gjhapd; gpd;dpizg;gpd;

(13MtJ murpayikg;G jpUj;jk;)

rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F Mfpa Muk;gg;

gFjpf;F ftdj;ij nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

nghyP]; tplak; njhlh;ghf khfhzrig

ml;ltizapy; rl;lk;> xOq;F Mfpa

jiyg;gpNyNa mjd; njspTgLj;jy;

Muk;gkhfpwJ. mJ ,t;thW $WfpwJ.

1. gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gLk; tplak;

fPo;fhl;lg;gLk; Kiwapy;

njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j cg

ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW

khfhzj;jpDs;Ns nghJkf;fs;

rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; nghyP];

mjpfhuq;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy;.

Mdhy; mjpy; fPo;fhl;lg;gLk; tplaq;fs;

cs;slq;ff; $lhJ.

m) Njrpag; ghJfhg;G

M) Njrj;jpd; kpfr;rpwe;j ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;

,) VjhtnjhU MAj giliaNah>

rptpy; mjpfhuq;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhf

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; eph;thfj;jpd;

fPOs;s NtW gilfis <LgLj;Jjy;.

rpq;fs ,dthjpfs; jkJ KOtfpgq;if

Njrpa ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Njrpa cah; ghJfhg;G

Mfpatw;Wf;fhfNt epiyepWj;jpapUg;gJ

,ufrpakhdjy;y. mg;gbahapd; mJ

kpfTk; njspthf khfhz nghyPRf;Fhpa

tplaky;y vd;gJ gjpd;%d;whtJ

jpUj;jj;jpy; cs;slf; fg;gl;bUf;Fk;

NghJ ,e;j murpay; fijnrhy;gth;fs;

fhl;Lk; khah[hy epfo;r;rpfspd; mh;j;jk;

vd;dntd;W Nfl;gJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ.

,q;Nf Fwpg;gplNtz;ba ,d;ndhU

Kf;fpa tplakhdJ nghyP]; mjpfhuq;fs;

Nghd;wtw;iw epuhfhpg;gth;fs; vg;NghJk;

nghyPrhiu ,uhZt mjpfhuj;Jldhd

,d;ndhU MAj gphpntd;w mh;j;jk;

fw;g;gpf;fpd;wdh;. rl;lk; kw;Wk; rkhjhdj;ij

ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ve;jnthU muRf;Fk;>

khfhz muRf;Fk; xj;Jioj;jy;>

mjd; %ykhf rptpy; eph;thfj;jpd;

ed;elj;ijia cWjpg;gLj;JtJk; nghyPrpd;

gzpg;nghWg;ghFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; nghyP];

njhlh;ghf fijj;Jf;nfhz;L mjw;Fhpa

tpNrl mjpubg;gil (mJ ehl;by; epytpa

mikjpapd;ikia mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L kj;jpa murpdhy; 80 jrhg;jj;jpy;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l nghyPrpd; kpfr;rpwe;j MAj

gphpthFk;.) Nghd;w cjhuzq;fis

,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L mh;j;jk; $w

Kw;gLtjd;%yk; nghJkf;fsplj;jpy;

gag;gPjpia cz;lhf;fp cg;G rpul;ilf;Fs;

Kjiyia fhz;gjw;;fhf mth;fis

miog;gjhfNt Njhd;WfpwJ.

mJ kl;Lkh? ,y;iy. ,t;thW

,y;yhjtw;iw Nrhbg;gjid njhlh;r;rpahf

Nkw;nfhz;L ,d;DnkhUtiu fsj;Jf;F

miof;fpd;wdh;. mjhtJ tlf;F fpof;F

khfhzj;jpd; Kd;dhs; Kjyikr;rh;

tujuh[g; ngUkhid ,Of;fpd;wdh;.

mth; jdpahd nghyP]; gilg;gphpnthd;iw

njhz;lh; gilg;gphpT vDk; ngahpy;

cUthf;fpajhfTk;> mJNghd;Nw ve;jnthU

Kjyikr;rUk; nraw;gl KbAnkd;Wk;

$Wfpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhd rpWgps;isj;

jdkhd thjq;fSf;F gjpyspg;gJ xU

tifapy; Neuj;ij tPzbg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk;

mwpTrhh; thrfh;fSf;F xU tplaj;ij

kl;Lk; Qhgfg;gLj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;. mjhtJ

tujuh[g; ngUkhd; fhyj;Jld; (1990

– 1991 fhyg;gFjp) ,d;iwa epiyia

xg;gpLtJ Nghd;W Kl;lhs; jdk; NtNwJk;

,Uf;fhJ vd;gNjahFk;. kj;jpa murpd;

mrhjhuzkhd mf;fiwapd;ik kw;Wk;

gpNukjh] mth;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;

GypfSld; nfhz;bUe;j kpfTk;

,ufrpakhd njhlh;Gfs; fhuzkhf

tpuf;jpaile;jpUe;j tujuh[g;ngUkhd;

jdJ vjph;g;igf; fhl;Lk; FwpaPl;L Kiwahf

<o Njrj;ij gpufldg;gLj;jpajhf

mf;fhy murpay; gpd;dzp njhlh;ghf

mwpe;jth;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;. mth; mt;thW

jdpehl;il gpufldk; nra;jhNu jtpu

,e;ehl;bd; ,iwikf;F mr;RWj;jyhd

vjidAk; nra;atpy;iy. cz;ikapNyNa

mth; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jg;gpNahl Kd;dh;

,yq;if muRf;F VjhtJ vjph;g;G

fhl;LtjidNa nra;jhh;. tlf;fpy; j.tp.

Gypfspd; gpur;ridAk;> njw;fpy; Njrg;gw;W

,af;fk; kw;Wk; (N[.tp.gp) mr;RWj;jYf;F

kj;jpapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j kj;jpa mur

nghyP]; kw;Wk; gilapdUf;F mjid

Kwpabf;f Ntz;ba Gul;rpahf mJ

,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gJld; epyikia xNu

jlitapy; kj;jpa murhy; rPuhf;f ,aYkhf

,Ue;jJ. mf;fhy epyik njhlh;ghf kjpg;gPL



ve;jnthU Kjyikr;rUk;

MSdiu kPwp

nraw;gLtjidAk; ehk;

mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. mjw;Ff;

fhuzk; KOikahd

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;j rl;lKNk

kj;jpa murpd; fPohd eph;thf

myfhf Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gjhFk;.

mjd;NghJ khfhz

MSdUk; khfhzj;jpd;

rpwe;j ,Ug;ig xJf;fptpl;L

fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;

,lk;ngWtJ Nghd;W

fhiyapNyNa midj;J

ehspjo;fisAk; thrpj;J>

jkJ khfhzj;Jf;Fhpa

midj;J rpW tplaq;fisAk;

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

mikr;ruitf;F

MNyhridAk;>

cj;juTfisAk; toq;f

Kw;gl;lhy; Vw;gLk; epyik

vd;d?

nra;tJld; jw;Nghija gpd;dzpgw;wp

ePq;fs; nfhQ;rk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.

Nghhpd; ntw;wpAld; ,e;ehl;bd;

gilapdh; tlf;fpd; %iy KLf;nfy;yhk;

epiynfhz;bUg;gJld;> njd; Mrpahtpy;

kpf cah;e;j ,uhZt guk;gYila

tyakhf tlf;F khfhzNk ,Uf;fpwJ.

mjw;;F Nkyjpfkhf lf;s]; Njthde;jh

fl;rpfspd; MAj tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;l

muRld; ,ize;Js;s fl;rpfshf tlf;fpy;

XusT mjpfhuj;ij ntd;Ws;sd. vkJ

fw;gid rhpahdjhf ,Ug;gpd; tlf;Ff;F tlf;Ff;F

epakpf;fg;gLk; MSdh; ngUk;ghYk; epakpf;fg;gLk; MSdh; ngUk;ghYk;

jw;NghJ fpof;F khfhz MSdhpd; jw;NghJ fpof;F khfhz MSdhpd;

tfpgq;ifNa tfpg;ghh;. mjw;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf tfpgq;ifNa tfpg;ghh;. mjw;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf

1990 kw;Wk; ,d;iwa fhyg;gFjpf;fpilapy; 1990 kw;Wk; ,d;iwa fhyg;gFjpf;fpilapy;

murpay; je;jpNuhghaj; Jiwapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s murpay; je;jpNuhghaj; Jiwapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s

khw;wq;fspd; Neub gyidAk; kj;jpa muR khw;wq;fspd; Neub gyidAk; kj;jpa muR

ntw;wp nfhs;tjpy; ve;jnthU rpukKk; ntw;wp nfhs;tjpy; ve;jnthU rpukKk;

,y;iy. ,t;thwhd #oiktpy; jkpo; ,y;iy. ,t;thwhd #oiktpy; jkpo;

Njrpa $l;likg;Ngh NtW mjpfhuj;Jf;F Njrpa $l;likg;Ngh NtW mjpfhuj;Jf;F

tUk; murpay; fl;rpNah kj;jpa muRf;F tUk; murpay; fl;rpNah kj;jpa muRf;F

rthyhf ,Uf;ff;$bathwhd nghyPir rthyhf ,Uf;ff;$bathwhd nghyPir

cUthf;f KbAnkd;W gfy; fdT fz;L cUthf;f KbAnkd;W gfy; fdT fz;L

tpopj;njOe;j fk;gd;gpy Nghd;w gpugy tpopj;njOe;j fk;gd;gpy Nghd;w gpugy

murpay;thjpfisj; jtpu NtnwtUk; murpay;thjpfisj; jtpu NtnwtUk;

$wkhl;lhh;fs;.$wkhl;lhh;fs;.

khfhz rig njhlh;ghd khiaapd;

mbg;gilapy; khiaahd r%fj;ij

cUthf;Ftjw;f;F cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhf

tha;g;Gg; ngw;Ws;s murpay; fijGid

Nthh;fSf;F gjpyspg;gjid xUgf;fk;

itj;Jtpl;L> jw;Nghija ajhh;j;jk;

njhlh;ghf tpsf;fpdhy; xU tplak;

njhpatUk;. mJ [dehaf murpayikg;igr;

rhpahf gad;gLj;Jk; tof;fk; ,JtiuAk;

vk;kpilNa ,y;yhjpUg;gjhFk;.

mt;thwhd murtplankhd;wpd;NghJ

,Ujug;Gk; ntw;wpngwf;$ba (Win Win Situation) Kbit ngwf;$bajhf

,Ue;jNghjpYk; vg;NghJk; xU jug;G

ntw;wpngw Ntz;L nkdTk;> kWjug;G

Njhy;tpaila Ntz;LnkDk; Nehf;F

(Win - Loose) gutpapUg;gJ vkJ ehl;by;

mKypYs;s [dehaf Ml;rpf;NfAhpa

FiwghlhFk;. ve;jnthU khfhz

rigAk; ntw;wpngWtjhapd; mjd;

MSdUf;Fk;> mikr;ruitf;Fkpilapy;

rpwe;j cwT ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thNw ,Ujug;ghUk; gad;gLj;Jk;

mjpfhuj;jpy; xOf;f rkepiy (Check and balance) Nghd;w gz;Gfs; ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. ve;jnthU Kjyikr;rUk;

MSdiu kPwpr; nraw;gLtjidAk; ehk;

mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. mjw;Ff; fhuzk;

KOikahd gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;j

rl;lKNk kj;jpa murpd; fPohd eph;thf

myfhf Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gjhFk;. mjd;NghJ

khfhz MSdUk; khfhzj;jpd; rpwe;j

,Ug;ig xJf;fptpl;L fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;

,lk;ngWtJ Nghd;W fhiyapNyNa

midj;J ehspjo;fisAk; thrpj;J>

jkJ khfhzj;Jf;Fhpa midj;J rpW

tplaq;fisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

mikr;ruitf;F MNyhridAk;>

cj;juTfisAk; toq;f Kw;gl;lhy;

Vw;gLk; epyik vd;d? mjdhy; [dehaf

eph;thfnkhd;wpy; ve;jnthU eph;thf myFk;

jkJ vy;iyia kPwp nraw;glhkypUg;gjw;f;F

ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; mjd; ey;ypUg;Gf;F

jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahFk;

vd;gjid ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

,Wjpahf jw;NghJ mur Clfq;fisAk;>

NtW gy;NtWtpjkhd %yq;fSf;fk;

ftdk; nrYj;Jk;NghJ vtUf;Fk; tpsq;Fk;

xU tplak; cs;sJ. mjhtJ tlf;F

Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl Kd;te;jpUg;gJ jkpo;

Njrpa $l;likg;G vDk; fl;rpad;W jkpoPo

tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fNk vd;gjhFk;.

NkhjYf;F gpd;duhd fhyj;jpy; ey;ypzf;f

murpaiy vjph;ghh;j;jpUf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd

Ntisapy; [dehaf Nghl;lj;jpy;

njhlh;r;rpahf nraw;gl;LtUk; rpWghd;ik

Njrpa fl;rpnahd;Wf;F mt;thW Kj;jpiu

Fj;Jtjdhy; muR jw;fhypf ed;ikia

ngwKbAk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ePz;lfhy hPjpapy;

mjdhy; ed;ik Vw;glhJ. jkpo;Njrpa

$l;likg;ig ,d;dKk; muRld;

neUq;Ftjw;f;fhd Gjpa je;jpNuhghak;

njhlh;gpy; Muha;e;J ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;

vd;gjid nrhy;yhkypUf;f KbahJ.

mjd;gb tlf;F Njh;jyhdJ tlf;F>

njw;F [dehafhPjpahf njhlh;e;Jk;

,uz;Lgl;L nra;a Kbahjnjd;gJk; vkJ

vjph;ghh;g;ghFk;.



gpuptpidthjj;jpw;Fj; Jiz NghFk;

tlf;fpd; Nju;jy;

tlf;fpy; eilngwTs;s

khfhz rigj; Nju;jy;

njhlu;ghf gyuJ ftdk;

<u;f;fg;gl;Ls;snjdj;

njwpfpwJ. ,j; Nju;jiy

Njrg;gw;Ws;Nshu;

vd;w tifapy; ehk; kpf

tpNrlkhfNt ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs;

cz;L. khfhz rigfs;

kl;Lkd;wp nghJthf

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk;

KOtJk; ,e; ehl;by;

mKy;gLj;jg;gLtJ

ehl;bd; ,iwikapid

mghaj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JtjhFk;

vd;gNj vkJ fUj;jhFk;.

mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,yq;ifapy;

gpuptpidthjj;ij tsu;f;Fk;

kpf Kf;fpa ce;Jrf;jpahFk;.

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.bus

ines

stod

ay.lk

/ ww

w.id

a.w

p.go

v.lk

/

cja gpughj; fk;kd;gpy tptrha - fkey Nritfs; mgptpUj;jp> ePu;g;ghrd> thzpg Rw;whly; mikr;R Nky; khfhz rig

tlf;fpy; eilngwTs;s khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; njhlu;ghf gyuJ ftdk;

<u;f;fg;gl;Ls;snjdj; njwpfpwJ. ,j; Nju;jiy Njrg;gw;Ws;Nshu; vd;w tifapy; ehk;

kpf tpNrlkhfNt ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; cz;L. khfhz rigfs;

kl;Lkd;wp nghJthf gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; KOtJk; ,e; ehl;by; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtJ

ehl;bd; ,iwikapid mghaj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JtjhFk; vd;gNj vkJ fUj;jhFk;. mJ

kl;Lkd;wp ,yq;ifapy; gpuptpidthjj;ij tsu;f;Fk; kpf Kf;fpa ce;Jrf;jpahFk;.

,q;F ahUf;fhtJ xU gpur;rpid cUthfyhk;. mjhtJ mt;thwhd xU mghafu

epiyikapd; fPo; ehk; Vd; tlf;F khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F ,jw;F Kd;

,zq;fpNdhk;? 2005 Mk; Mz;by; 'kfpe;j rpe;jid" nfhs;ifj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 2005 Mk; Mz;by; 'kfpe;j rpe;jid" nfhs;ifj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;

xw;iwahl;rp mikg;gpw;Fs; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tjw;F rk;kjk; njuptpf;fg;gl;likNa xw;iwahl;rp mikg;gpw;Fs; mjpfhuj;ijg; gfpu;tjw;F rk;kjk; njuptpf;fg;gl;likNa

mt;thW ,lk;ngw VJthaike;jJ. tpNrlkhf kfpe;j rpe;jid vjpu;fhy mt;thW ,lk;ngw VJthaike;jJ. tpNrlkhf kfpe;j rpe;jid vjpu;fhy

njhiyNehf;fpy; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ.njhiyNehf;fpy; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;F ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

Gypg; gaq;futhjk; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;likiaj; njhlu;e;J KO ehl;bYk; midj;J



,t;thwhd mgpyhi\fspd; fPo;

tl khfhz rig jw;NghJs;s

mjpfhuq;fSld; jkpo; Njrpa

$l;lzpapd; iffSf;Fr;

nry;tJ ,e;ehl;il ,uj;jf;

fskhf khw;wf;$ba xd;W

vd;gjid ehk; Vw;fdNt

mwpNthk;. mtu;fs;

khfhz rigia

Vw;gLj;jpaTlNdNa gpuptpid

thjj;jpw;Fr; nry;y khl;lhu;fs;.

rpq;fs ,dthj rf;jpfspd;

Cfq;fisg; ngha;g;gpj;J

njw;fpy; gytPdkhd xU

murhq;fk; tUk; tiu mtu;fs;

fhyk; flj;Jthu;fs; vd;gNj

cz;ikahFk;. tpNrlkhf

rkPg fhyq;fspy; gjtp tfpj;j

re;jpupf;fh> uzpy; Nghd;w xU

murhq;fk; tUk; tiu mtu;fs;

vjpu;ghu;g;Gld; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

rpWghd;ikapdupd;

thf;Ffis ikakhff;

nfhz;Nl mt; murhq;fq;fs;

gjtpapy; ,Ue;jd. ,t;

tplak; njhlu;ghd njhiy

Nehf;F xd;W vk;kplk;

fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa

ehk; khfhz rig

Kiwik xopf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;w nra;jpia

r%fkag;gLj;jpNdhk;.

JiwfspYk; GjpanjhU Muk;gk;

njhlu;ghf vkf;Fs; GjpanjhU vjpu;ghu;g;G

epytpaNj mjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. jkpo;

gpuptpidthjk; jkJ Nehf;fq;fis

,d;dKk; iftpltpy;iy vd;gNj ehk;

fhZfpd;w ajhu;j;jkhFk;. td;dpapy;

eilngw;w Aj;jj;jpid INuhg;gh tiu

nfhz;L nrd;wjidg; Nghd;W mjid

NtW xU jpirapy; uh[je;jpu Aj;jkhf

khw;Wtjw;F jkpo; jPtputhjpfs; ngUk;

Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. mjd; tpisthf

2011 Mk; Mz;lstpy; epyg; gpuNjrkw;w

jkpo; Njrnkhd;W gy];jPd> jpngj;

khjpupf;F mika Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

mJ jkpo; <oj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilapidAk;

toq;fpaJ. cUj;uFkhu; mjd; gpujkuhfj;

njupthdhu;. ,g; g+kpapy; ,y;yhj xd;W

vd;gJld; ,yq;ifapYk; fhzg;glhj

xd;W vd;w tifapy; ehk; mjidf;

fUj;jpw; nfhs;stpy;iy. vdpDk; jkpo;

$l;likg;gpd; jiytu; jpU. Mu; rk;ge;jd;

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; eilngw;w jkpo; muRf;

fl;rpapd; tUlhe;j khehl;bd; NghJ

jkpo; <ok; njhlu;ghf mtu;fSf;Fs;

fhzg;gLk; mgpyhi\ khw;wkpd;wp

fhzg;gLtjhf Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. jkpo;

gpuptpidthjj;jpd; tbtk; kl;LNk

khw;wkile;Js;sJ vd;gjidNa

ehk; ,jpypUe;J Gupe;Jnfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. ve;jnthU Aj;jj;jpd;

NghJk; mjNdhL ,ize;jjhf mjd;

murpay; Kd;dzpfs; Njhy;tp fhz;gJ

,aw;ifNa. N[u;kdpapy; `pl;yu; Njhy;tp

fz;lJld; mjd; ghj; fl;rpapd; murpaYk;

mjidj; njhlu;e;Jk; Njhy;tpaile;jJ.

mJkl;Lkd;wp rjhk; `_irdpd;

kuzj;jpd; gpd; <uhf;fpy; ghj; fl;rp

,d;Wk; $l jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj

epiyik jhd; Mg;fhdp];jhd; jiyghd;

,af;fj;jpw;Fk; Neu;e;jJ. NkYk; Kghuf;

gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J

vfpg;jpy; mtUld; njhlu;Ggl;l murpaYk;

jil nra;ag;gl;lij midtUk; mwptu;.

MapDk; ,yq;ifapy; vy;.uP.uP.< ,af;fk; MapDk; ,yq;ifapy; vy;.uP.uP.< ,af;fk;

Njhy;tpaile;jhYk; mjd; murpay; Njhy;tpaile;jhYk; mjd; murpay;

Kd;dzp nraw;ghl;L epiyapYs;sik Kd;dzp nraw;ghl;L epiyapYs;sik

gw;wp ehk; Mokhf fUj;jpw;nfhs;s gw;wp ehk; Mokhf fUj;jpw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;lzp Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;lzp

jkpo; nry;tj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf ru;tNjr jkpo; nry;tj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf ru;tNjr

rf;jpfsplk; MNyhrid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj rf;jpfsplk; MNyhrid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj

,d;Ws;s xNunahU tpj;jpahrkhFk;. ,d;Ws;s xNunahU tpj;jpahrkhFk;.

,j; jkpo; gpuptpidthjj;jpd; murpay; ,j; jkpo; gpuptpidthjj;jpd; murpay;

JiwNa ,d;W jkpo; r%fj;jpd; rdehaf JiwNa ,d;W jkpo; r%fj;jpd; rdehaf

uPjpapyhd jiytu;fshf cs;sdu;. uPjpapyhd jiytu;fshf cs;sdu;.

gpuptpidthjj;jpw;F JizNghFk; gpuptpidthjj;jpw;F JizNghFk; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy;

,t;thwhd mgpyhi\fspd; fPo;

tl khfhz rig jw;NghJs;s

mjpfhuq;fSld; jkpo; Njrpa $l;lzpapd;

iffSf;Fr; nry;tJ ,e;ehl;il ,uj;jf;

fskhf khw;wf;$ba xd;W vd;gjid

ehk; Vw;fdNt mwpNthk;. mtu;fs;

khfhz rigia Vw;gLj;jpaTlNdNa

gpuptpid thjj;jpw;Fr; nry;y khl;lhu;fs;.

rpq;fs ,dthj rf;jpfspd; Cfq;fisg;

ngha;g;gpj;J njw;fpy; gytPdkhd xU

murhq;fk; tUk; tiu mtu;fs; fhyk;

flj;Jthu;fs; vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.

tpNrlkhf rkPg fhyq;fspy; gjtp tfpj;j

re;jpupf;fh> uzpy; Nghd;w xU murhq;fk;

tUk; tiu mtu;fs; vjpu;ghu;g;Gld;

,Ug;ghu;fs;. rpWghd;ikapdupd;

thf;Ffis ikakhff; nfhz;Nl mt;

murhq;fq;fs; gjtpapy; ,Ue;jd. ,t;

tplak; njhlu;ghd njhiy Nehf;F

xd;W vk;kplk; fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa

ehk; khfhz rig Kiwik

xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w nra;jpia

r%fkag;gLj;jpNdhk;. mt;thwpy;yhtpbd;

,jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w er;Rj;

jd;ikapidf; Fiwg;gjw;F ehk; Kay

Ntz;Lk;. Mff; Fiwe;jJ jPu;khdkhd

5 tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf jpUj;jq;fs;

nfhz;Ltug;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gNj

mt;thW mghaj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;F

ehk; rku;g;gpf;Fk; NahridahFk;.

jFe;j fhuzq;fSld; ,t;thW

thjj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jpa NghJ jPtputhjpfs;

mjw;F Kw;wpYk; jtwhd xU

tpsf;fj;jpid toq;fpAs;shu;fs;.

mjhtJ ehk; tlf;F khfhz rigj;

Nju;jiy vjpu;f;fpNwhk; vd;gjhFk;.

mJ Kw;wpYk; ngha;ahFk; vd;gJld;

vkJ njspthd Ntz;LNfhs; khfhz

rig Kiwik xopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjhFk;. mij epiwNtw;Wtjpy; VJk;

rpukk; fhzg;gbd; gpd;tUk; 5 tplaq;fs;

njhlu;ghf mjpfhuj;jpYs;s Fwpj;j egu;fs;

jkJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j KbAk;. nghyp];

fhzp Mfpa mjpfhuq;fs; mfw;wg;gly;>

khfhz rig tplag;gl;baYld; njhlu;ghf

ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F rl;l tiunthd;W

nfhz;Ltug;gLk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rfy

khfhz rigfspdJk; mq;fPfhuk;



khfhzg; nghypRf;Fg;

nghWg;ghf mjd; gpujpg;

nghyp]; kh mjpgu; gjtp

tfpg;gJld; mtu; Fwpg;gpl;l

khfhzj;jpd; Kjyikr;rUf;F

kl;LNk fl;Lg;gl;bUg;ghu;.

gpujpg; nghyp]; kh mjpgu;

Kjyikr;rupd; Mizf;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lnkd;gNj ,jd; %yk;

njspthfpwJ. jdJ nghyp];

kh mjpguplkd;wp murpay;thjp

xUtuhd Kjyikr;rupd;

Miziag; ngWtjw;F gpujpg;

nghyp]; kh mjpgu; md;wpypUe;J

epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;Lthu;.

,Jtiu mt;thwhd xU

epiyik jdJ fl;rpapd;

jiytuhd [dhjpgjp

mtu;fs; jdJ mjpfhuq;fis

mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;

NghJ mjw;F vjpuhf

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

Kjyikr;ru;fs; Kd;

tuhikahFk;.

ngw;wgly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf

ngUk;ghd;ikahd khfhz rigfs;

vd khw;wg;gly; kw;Wk; mt;thW

khfhz rigf;F MizapLk; mjpfhuk;

,e;jpahtpd; m.m.rl;lj;jpYk; (256.257

gpupTfs;) Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW

jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; toq;Fjy;

Mfpa tplaq;fNs ehk; typAWj;Jk;

Ie;jk;r tplaq;fshFk;. ,t; Ie;J

tplaq;fSk; epiwNtw;wg;glhtpbd; jkpo;

gpuptpidthjk; kPz;Lk; tlf;fpid Xu;

,uj;jf; fskhf khw;Wk; vd;gJ njl;lj;

njspthFk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik murhq;fj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik mjpfhuKk; vjpu;fhy mghaKk;mjpfhuKk; vjpu;fhy mghaKk;

jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jplKs;s

ngUk;ghd;ik mjpfhuj;jpidf; nfhz;L

Fwpj;j khfhz rigfis Vd; xopf;f

KbahJ vd gyu; mbf;fb tpdTfpd;wdu;.

mjw;fhd gjpiy toq;Ftjw;F Kd;

xU tplaj;ijf; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.

mjhtJ mghafukhd epiy ,d;W

my;yJ ehis my;y vjpu;fhyj;jpNyNa

Njhd;Wk; vd;gjhFk;. gytPdkhd

murhq;fnkhd;W tUk; tiu fhj;jpUe;J

mjd; gpd; gpuptpidthjpfs; jkJ

eltbf;iffis Muk;gpf;fyhk;

vd;gNj mjw;fhd fhuzkhFk;. ehk;

mwpe;j tifapy; tpfpjhrhu Kiwj;

Nju;jypd; %yk; 2{3 ngUk;ghd;ik

mjpfhuj;ijg; ngWtJ fbdkhd xU

nray; vd mjid Vw;ggLj;jpatu;fs;

typAWjjpAs;shu;fs;. MapDk;

Aj;j ntw;wpapd; gpd;dzpapy; 144

Mrdq;fisg; ngw;W mjd; mUNf nry;y

,e;j murhq;fk; jpwik ngw;wJ. vjpu;fl;rpg;

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; mbf;fb jkJ

murpay; fl;rpia khw;wpaikj;jjd;

jatpdhNyNa mJ nkd;NkYk;

tYtile;jJ. Aj;j ntw;wpNa jdJ

fl;rp khw;wj;jpid epahag;gLj;Jtjw;F

re;ju;g;gkhf;fpf; nfhs;s mtu;fshy;

Kbe;jJ. ngUk;ghd;ik mjpfhuj;ij

gpuNahfpg;gjw;fhd re;ju;g;gNk

jw;NghJ cUthfpAs;sJ. mJ jdpNa

ehl;bd; vjpu;fhy ];jpug;ghl;bw;fhfNt

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjid fl;lhak;

typAWj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. gytPdkhd

Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dzpapd; fPo;

gpuptpidthjpfs; re;ju;g;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jp jkJ Nehf;fq;fis

epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;thu;fshapd; ehk;

midtUf;Fk; Xykpl KbANk jtpu

Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.

khfhz rigfs; njhlu;ghd %l khfhz rigfs; njhlu;ghd %l ek;gpf;iffs; ek;gpf;iffs;

nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlu;ghf kpfTk;

rpf;fyhd epiyikNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.

1990 Mk; Mz;by; nghyp]; xOq;F

tpjpfs; tpNrl rl;lk; [dhjpgjp gpNukjhr

mtu;fspdhy; mwpKg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

[dhjpgjp mtu;fspdhy; tu;j;jkhdp

%yk; mwptpf;fg;gLk; jpfjpNa mjd;

,uz;lhk; gpupT nraw;gLj;jg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. ,Jtiu mt;thwhd xd;W

,lk;ngwtpy;iy. ehk; kwe;j xU

tpNrl fhuzp ,q;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mjhtJ nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ

khfhz rigf;Fupa xU tplak;

vd;gJld; mjNdhL njhlu;ghd

epajpr;rl;lnkhd;iwj; jahupg;gjw;F

khfhz rig murhq;fj;jpd; my;yJ

Ntnwe;j mjpfhu epWtdq;fspd;

mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngwj; Njitapy;iy.

mjw;F Vw;g ehisa jpdNkahdhYk;

mt;thwhd xU rl;l uPjpahd

Vw;ghl;bD}lhf khfhz rig nghyp];

mjpfhuq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kaw;rp

nra;ayhk;. mJ kl;Lky;y. khfhzg;

nghypRf;Fg; nghWg;ghf mjd; gpujpg;

nghyp]; kh mjpgu; gjtp tfpg;gJld; mtu;

Fwpg;gpl;l khfhzj;jpd; Kjyikr;rUf;F

kl;LNk fl;Lg;gl;bUg;ghu;. gpujpg; nghyp];

kh mjpgu; Kjyikr;rupd; Mizf;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gNj

,jd; %yk; njspthfpwJ. jdJ

nghyp]; kh mjpguplkd;wp murpay;thjp

xUtuhd Kjyikr;rupd; Miziag;

ngWtjw;F gpujpg; nghyp]; kh mjpgu;

md;wpypUe;J epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;Lthu;.

,Jtiu mt;thwhd xU epiyik

jdJ fl;rpapd; jiytuhd [dhjpgjp

mtu;fs; jdJ mjpfhuq;fis

mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mjw;F

vjpuhf eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

Kjyikr;ru;fs; Kd; tuhikahFk;.

ehk; Cfpf;fpd;wthNw ngUk;ghYk; tl

khfhz rigapd; ntw;wp jkpo; Njrpaf;

$l;lzpf;Nf fpilf;fyhk;. mt;thwhd

xU #o;epiyapy; jkJ mjpfhuq;fisf;

NfhUtjw;F mtu;fs; Kaw;rpf;f

khl;lhu;fs; vdf; fUj KbahJ. MfNt



ehk; ijupakhfTk;

re;Njfkpd;wpAk; jkpo;

<oj;ij Kw;WKOjhf

epuhfupf;fhjpUg;gpd;

,d;Dk; ,e;ehL jkpo;

gpuptpidthjj;jpd; nrhu;f;f

Gupahf khwpapUf;Fk;

vd;gjid ,q;F mtrpak;

Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.

[hjpf n`y cWka>

gaq;futhjj;jpw;F vjpuhd

Njrpa ,af;fkhf $l;Lr;

Nru;e;j Muk;g fl;lq;fspy;

Njrpa uPjpahd nghWg;G vd;d

vd;gJ gw;wp Gupe;Jzu;Tld;

nraw;gl;Ls;sJ.

mjw;Nfw;g ekf;fpilNa

Vida midtUk;

vkJ Ngr;rhsu;fshf

khwpas;sjid ehk;

fhzf;$bajhAs;sJ.

kj;jpa muRf;F rw;Wj; njhiytpy;

fhzg;gLk; Fwpj;j mjpfhuq;fis

ehk; XusT tiuaWf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba kw;iwa tplak;

ahnjdpy; fy;ypy; ehUupj;jy; Nghd;W kpf

mupjhf eilngw KbAkhd gjpndhU

tpjkhd (ii) Fw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghf

khj;jpuNk kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; nghyp];

nraw;gl KbAk;. epjp> ru;tNjr ,uhZtk;

kw;Wk; FbtuT Nghd;w Fw;wq;fs;

,jw;F Vw;GilajhFk;. mt;thW Gjpjhf mt;thW Gjpjhf

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; xU khfhz rigapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; xU khfhz rigapy;

nghypRf;Fg; Gjpjhf Ml;Nru;g;gpidAk; nghypRf;Fg; Gjpjhf Ml;Nru;g;gpidAk;

mtu;fNs Nkw;nfhs;tu;. cq;fisAk; mtu;fNs Nkw;nfhs;tu;. cq;fisAk;

vd;idAk; gaq;nfhs;sr; nra;Ak; vd;idAk; gaq;nfhs;sr; nra;Ak;

gaq;fukhd xU Qhgfk; ,J njhlu;ghf gaq;fukhd xU Qhgfk; ,J njhlu;ghf

cs;sJ. mjhtJ md;iwa tlf;F cs;sJ. mjhtJ md;iwa tlf;F

fpof;F khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;ru; fpof;F khfhz rigapd; Kjyikr;ru;

mtu;fs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;w mtu;fs; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs; vd;w

Nghu;itapy; njhz;lu; nghyp]; gil Nghu;itapy; njhz;lu; nghyp]; gil

xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpaikAk; mjidj; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpaikAk; mjidj;

njhlu;e;J jkpo; <o ehL vd;w xd;iw njhlu;e;J jkpo; <o ehL vd;w xd;iw

gpufldg;gLj;jpaikAk; MFk;. mt;thNw gpufldg;gLj;jpaikAk; MFk;. mt;thNw

xU jiyg;gl;rkhfg; gpuflzg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU jiyg;gl;rkhfg; gpuflzg;gLj;jg;gl;l

jkpo; <oj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzpahff; jkpo; <oj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzpahff;

fhzg;gl;l ,J vq;F Ngha; KbtilAk; fhzg;gl;l ,J vq;F Ngha; KbtilAk;

vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ $l vd;gijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ $l

fbdkhfTs;sJ. fbdkhfTs;sJ.

mLj;j Kf;fpa tplak; fhzp

mjpfhuq;fshFk;. ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fupa

cWjpia [dhjpgjp mtu;fSf;F

kl;LNk toq;f KbAk; vd;gjdhy; mJ

gw;wpg; gag;glj; Njitapy;iy vd vkJ

murhq;fj;jpYs;s xU rpy mikr;ru;fs;

$l fUj;Jj; njuptpj;jdu;. NkNyhl;lkhfg;

ghu;j;jhy; mjpy; Xu; cz;ikAk; cs;sJ.

fhzp cupikahsu;fisg; fhzp cupikahsu;fisg;

gupe;Jiuj;jy; khfhz rigfspdhy; gupe;Jiuj;jy; khfhz rigfspdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; mjid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; mjid

mq;fPfupj;jy; kl;LNk [dhjpgjpapdhy; mq;fPfupj;jy; kl;LNk [dhjpgjpapdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghYk;

khfhz rigfs; fhzp toq;Fk; NghJ khfhz rigfs; fhzp toq;Fk; NghJ

fhzp cWjpfs; %yk; md;wp tUlhe;j fhzp cWjpfs; %yk; md;wp tUlhe;j

mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; (jw;fhypf) %yNk mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; (jw;fhypf) %yNk

fhzpfis toq;FfpwJ. khfhz rigNa fhzpfis toq;FfpwJ. khfhz rigNa

mjidg; GJg;gpf;fpd;wJ. mjidg; GJg;gpf;fpd;wJ.

cq;fSf;F QhgfkpUf;Fkhapd;

rpw;rpy mgptpUj;jpj; NjitfSf;fhf

nfhOk;G efupy; fhzg;gl;l xU rpy

jw;fhypf fl;blq;fs; mfw;wg;gLk;

NghJ nfhOk;G efuk; KOtJk;

gyj;j vjpu;g;G njuptpf;fg;gl;lJld;

Clfq;fs; murhq;fj;ij

rq;flj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk; tpjkhf

nraw;gl;ld. ehk; tyf;ifahy; ,Wfg;

gpbj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sij ,lf;ifapdhy;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjidNa

ehk; njspTgLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.

MfNt fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; vd;gJ

[dhjpgjpapd; fhzp cWjpapd; %yk;

jPu;f;ff;$banjhd;wy;y.

kw;iwa khiaAk; kpfg; gykhf

gyuplj;jpy; NtW}d;wpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

mjhtJ MSeu; gw;wpa tplakhFk;. mjhtJ MSeu; gw;wpa tplakhFk;.

khfhz rig mjpfhu tupirapy; khfhz rig mjpfhu tupirapy;

mtu; mjpAau; gPlj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk; mtu; mjpAau; gPlj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;

[dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gLtjdhy; [dhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gLtjdhy;

mtu; khfhz rigapy; kpfTk; mtu; khfhz rigapy; kpfTk;

rj;jpAila xU ebgq;if tfpg;gjhfTk; rj;jpAila xU ebgq;if tfpg;gjhfTk;

,g; gpd;dzpapy; mtuJ epiwNtw;W ,g; gpd;dzpapy; mtuJ epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuk; khfhz rigapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mjpfhuk; khfhz rigapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

tha;e;jJ vdTk; mNefkhd tha;e;jJ vdTk; mNefkhd

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; $wg;gLfpd;w xU re;ju;g;gq;fspy; $wg;gLfpd;w xU

tplakhFk;. cz;ikapy; mJ Xustpw;Nf tplakhFk;. cz;ikapy; mJ Xustpw;Nf

cz;ikahFk;. cz;ikahFk;. MapDk; cz;ikapy;

mtu; ,e; ehl;by; 1974 Kjy; 1978

tiuahd fhy vy;iyf;Fs; gjtp tfpj;j

[dhjpgjpf;Nf epfuhff; fUjg;gLthNu

jtpu jw;NghJs;s epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuKs;s [dhjpgjpf;F my;y.

MSeupd; jw;WzpGk; khfhz MSeupd; jw;WzpGk; khfhz mikr;ruitpad; $l;Lg; nghWg;Gk; mikr;ruitpad; $l;Lg; nghWg;Gk;

MSeupd; ifnahg;gk; jw;WzpGldhf

ifnahg;gk; my;y vd;gjidf; Fwpg;gply;

Ntz;Lk;. mjDs; epiwNtw;W

mjpfhuk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. epajpr;rl;l

nkhd;whapDk; XusT jhkjpf;fr; nra;af;

$bajhAs;s NghJk; VNjDk; rl;lg;

gpd;dzpapNyNa mjid epiwNtw;Wjy;

Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf xU epajpr;rl;lk;

murpayikg;Gf;F Vw;wjh ,y;iyah

vd;w tplak; njhlu;ghf rl;l MNyhrid

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. mt;thwhd xU

re;ju;g;gj;jpd; NghJ mjw;fhf epahakhd

xU fhy mtfhrk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl

KbAk;. mjw;F Nky; eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;tjhapd; mjNdhL njhlu;ghd

xU fl;lisapid khfhz ePjpkd;wj;jpd;

%yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;baJld;

MSeu; trKs;s rl;l MNyhrfuJ cjtp

vr; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

NkYk; rl;kh mjpgupd; MNyhridAk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl KbAk;. ,q;F ,q;F

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba tplak; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba tplak;



ahnjdpy; rl;l uPjpahd mjpfhukd;wp ahnjdpy; rl;l uPjpahd mjpfhukd;wp

murpay; mjpfhuk; ahuplk; jq;fpAs;sJ murpay; mjpfhuk; ahuplk; jq;fpAs;sJ

vd;gjhFk;. re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f vd;gjhFk;. re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f

FkhuJq;f mk;ikahu; epiwNtw;W FkhuJq;f mk;ikahu; epiwNtw;W

mjpfhu [dhjpgjpg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;j mjpfhu [dhjpgjpg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;j

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mtu; fhw;Wg; Nghd gY}re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mtu; fhw;Wg; Nghd gY}

idg; Nghd;w epiyikf;F Mshd xU idg; Nghd;w epiyikf;F Mshd xU

re;ju;g;gk; cUthfpaJ. mJ 2002 -2004 re;ju;g;gk; cUthfpaJ. mJ 2002 -2004

FWfpa fhyg; gFjpapy; epytpa jpU. uzpy; FWfpa fhyg; gFjpapy; epytpa jpU. uzpy;

tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fspd; jiyikapyhd tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fspd; jiyikapyhd

I.Nj.f. murhq;fj;jpd; fPo; MFk;. I.Nj.f. murhq;fj;jpd; fPo; MFk;.

Fwpg;ghf njw;fpid tplTk; tlf;fpy; Fwpg;ghf njw;fpid tplTk; tlf;fpy;

MSeu; kpf ju;krq;fljjpw;Fl;gl MSeu; kpf ju;krq;fljjpw;Fl;gl

KbAk;. eilKiw murpaypy; khfhz KbAk;. eilKiw murpaypy; khfhz

rigfs; kw;Wk; mjw;F ntspNa Mfpa rigfs; kw;Wk; mjw;F ntspNa Mfpa

,uz;bYk; mtuJ cjtpf;F vtUk; ,uz;bYk; mtuJ cjtpf;F vtUk;

,Uf;fg; Nghjpy;iy vd;gNj mjw;fhd ,Uf;fg; Nghjpy;iy vd;gNj mjw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;. murpay; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; fhuzkhFk;. murpay; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo;

jdJ mjpfhuj;ijg; gupNrhjpg;gjid jdJ mjpfhuj;ijg; gupNrhjpg;gjid

tpl uP.vd;.V. Nghd;w vjpupilahd tpl uP.vd;.V. Nghd;w vjpupilahd

murpay; jug;gpdu; Kd;dpiyapy; murpay; jug;gpdu; Kd;dpiyapy;

ntWk; cj;jpNahfg+u;t mjpfhuj;jpidf; ntWk; cj;jpNahfg+u;t mjpfhuj;jpidf;

nfhz;L jdJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg; nfhz;L jdJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;

guPl;rpj;Jg; ghu;j;jy; rpwe;j xU Kaw;rpahf guPl;rpj;Jg; ghu;j;jy; rpwe;j xU Kaw;rpahf

,Uf;f KbahJ. ,Uf;f KbahJ.

[dhjpf n`y cWkaTk; mjd; [dhjpf n`y cWkaTk; mjd; Kd;Ndhbg; gzpAk; Kd;Ndhbg; gzpAk;

vy;.uP.uP.< ,af;fj;ijj; Njhw;fbf;f Kbahj

xU rf;jp vd;gNj 2000 Mk; Mz;lstpy;

,e; ehl;by; kpf tYthff; fhzg;gl;l

MSq; fl;rpapdJk; vjpu;fl;rpapdJk;

kNdhghtkhf ,Ue;jJ. MapDk;

2005 Mk; Mz;lstpy; vkf;Fk;

k`pj;j uh[gf;\ mtu;fSf;Fkpilapy;

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l xg;ge;j;jpd; %yk;

,e;ehl;by; xw;iwahl;rp Kiwik

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl Ntz;Lnkd

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; ehk; $wpait

,d;W kf;fs; Kd; ajhu;j;jkhfpAs;sJ.

tuyhw;W uPjpahf> njhy;nghUs; uPjpahf>

murpay; uPjpahf my;yJ rl;l uPjpahf jkJ

jdpahd jkpo; Njrk; vd;w epiyg;ghl;il

kf;fs; Kd; ep&gpf;f Kbahky;

Nghd gpuptpidthj jiytu;fSf;F

cz;ikahd xU rthyhf Muk;gk;

KjNy eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s KbAkhf

,Ue;jikapid xU ghf;fpakhfNt

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ehk; ijupakhfTk; re;Njfkpd;wpAk; jkpo;

<oj;ij Kw;WKOjhf epuhfupf;fhjpUg;gpd;

,d;Dk; ,e;ehL jkpo; gpuptpidthjj;jpd;

nrhu;f;f Gupahf khwpapUf;Fk; vd;gjid

,q;F mtrpak; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.

[hjpf n`y cWka> gaq;futhjj;jpw;F

vjpuhd Njrpa ,af;fkhf $l;Lr; Nru;e;j

Muk;g fl;lq;fspy; Njrpa uPjpahd nghWg;G

vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp Gupe;Jzu;Tld;

nraw;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;Nfw;g

ekf;fpilNa Vida midtUk; vkJ

Ngr;rhsu;fshf khwpas;sjid ehk;

fhzf;$bajhAs;sJ.

jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd; ,Wjpr; jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd; ,Wjpr; re;ju;g;gk; re;ju;g;gk;

jpk;G Ngr;Rthu;;j;ij cl;gl ,J tiu

,lk;ngw;w midj;J gpuptpid

thjpfspd; Nfhupf;iffisf; nfhz;Nl

Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfs; mbg;gilahf

mike;jd. VNjDnkhU epahakhd

gpd;dzpapid mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L my;y. VNjDnkhU

mOj;jj;jpidf; nfhLj;J mjd; %yk;

xd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy; jkpo;

gpuptpidthjj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd xU

,ay;ghFk;. 1958 Kjy; 1987 rpq;fs

murpay; thjpfs; jkpo; gpuptpid

thjpfspd; Fwpj;j ,g; gz;gpid

vjpu;nfhs;s Neupl;lJld; mt; midj;J

mOj;jq;fspdJk; ,Wjp tpisthf

VNjhnthU xg;ge;jk; cUthfpAs;sJ.

Fwpj;j ,e; epiyikfspd; fPo; jkpo; Fwpj;j ,e; epiyikfspd; fPo; jkpo;

$l;likg;gpw;F fpilj;Js;s ,Wjp $l;likg;gpw;F fpilj;Js;s ,Wjp

re;ju;g;gk; ghuhSkd;w njupTf; re;ju;g;gk; ghuhSkd;w njupTf;

FO vdf; fUj KbAk;. epahakw;w FO vdf; fUj KbAk;. epahakw;w

Nfhupf;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nfhupf;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

md;wp epahakhd xU gpd;dzpapy; md;wp epahakhd xU gpd;dzpapy;

Nfhug;gLk; ve;j xd;iwAk; toq;f ehk; Nfhug;gLk; ve;j xd;iwAk; toq;f ehk;

fl;Lg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. jkpo; kf;fSf;Fg; fl;Lg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. jkpo; kf;fSf;Fg;

gpur;rpidfs; ,y;iynad vk;khy; $w gpur;rpidfs; ,y;iynad vk;khy; $w

KbahJ. mjid mtu;fNs $w Ntz;Lk; KbahJ. mjid mtu;fNs $w Ntz;Lk;

vd;gJld; epahakhdnjd mtu;fNs vd;gJld; epahakhdnjd mtu;fNs

ep&gpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ep&gpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW

ep&gpg;gjw;F mtu;fshy; KbAkhapd; ep&gpg;gjw;F mtu;fshy; KbAkhapd;

jkpo; <oj;ijf; $l toq;Ftjw;F ehk; jkpo; <oj;ijf; $l toq;Ftjw;F ehk;

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. MfNt ghuhSkd;w tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. MfNt ghuhSkd;w

njupTf; FO Kd;dpiyapy; r%fkspj;J njupTf; FO Kd;dpiyapy; r%fkspj;J

jkJ fUj;jpid vk; Kd;dpiyapy; jkJ fUj;jpid vk; Kd;dpiyapy;

cWjpg;gLj;JkhW ehk; mtu;fSf;Ff; cWjpg;gLj;JkhW ehk; mtu;fSf;Ff;

$WtJld; ,d;DnkhU tpNrlkhd $WtJld; ,d;DnkhU tpNrlkhd

tplaj;ijAk; mjNdhL ,izj;jy; tplaj;ijAk; mjNdhL ,izj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ toik Nghd;W Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ toik Nghd;W

mbg;gilaw;w epge;jidfSld; mbg;gilaw;w epge;jidfSld;

khiaiag; gug;gp jkJ fUj;jpid vkf;F khiaiag; gug;gp jkJ fUj;jpid vkf;F

kj;jpapy; ep&gpf;f tUtjhapd; ehk; kj;jpapy; ep&gpf;f tUtjhapd; ehk;

mt;thwhd Kaw;rpfis ntWf;fpd;Nwhk;. mt;thwhd Kaw;rpfis ntWf;fpd;Nwhk;.

mJ kl;Lkd;wp mt;thwhd FWfpa thjg; mJ kl;Lkd;wp mt;thwhd FWfpa thjg;

gpujpthjq;fSf;F gjpyspf;fTk; ehk; gpujpthjq;fSf;F gjpyspf;fTk; ehk;

jahuhfTs;Nshk;.jahuhfTs;Nshk;. Fwpj;j ghuhSkd;w

njupTf; FO njhlu;ghd thjq;fspd;

NghJ rpyu; mjpy; jp];] tpjhuz

my;yJ =.y.K.fh. gpujpepjpj;Jtk;

,q;F ,y;yhik xU FiwghL vd

Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. Vd; u`_g;

`f;fPk; mjw;F nghUj;jkw;wtu; vd;gJ

vdf;Fk; Gupatp;y;iy. MapDk; mjw;fhd

gjpiy ,.R.f. my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd;

Clfg; Ngr;rhsNu $w Ntz;bAs;sJ.

mt;thwpUg;gpDk; jp];] tpjhuz

mtu;fs; ,y;yhik gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

mtuJ murpay; mDgtk; gw;wp vkf;F

vJtpj gpur;rpidAk; ,y;iy. MapDk;

murhq;fk; ,lJrhupfs; ,UtUf;Fk;

,jw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ.

mJ thRNjr ehzaf;fhu mtu;fSk;

ba+ FzNrfu Mfpa ,UtUk; Mtu;.

I.k.R.Kd;dzpf;Fupa 16 Mrdq;fs;

njhlu;gpy; ghuhSkd;w njupTf; FOtpy;

19 gpujpepjpfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 31 MFk;. ePq;fs;

mwpe;jthW I.k.R.K. vd;gJ gq;fhspf;

fl;rpfs; gytw;wpd; xU $l;Lr; Nru;f;if

vd;gJld; mtu;fs; midtUf;Fk;

rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; toq;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. ,t; mbg;gilapDk; kPw ,lJ

rhupfspd; rpwpjsT gpujpepjpj;Jtj;Jld;

$ba flrpfSf;F 2 gpujpepjpfs;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thwhd

gpd;dzpapy; jpU. jp];] tpjhuz ,lk;

xJf;fg;glhikahdJ Ntz;Lnkd;Nw

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l xd;W vdf; fUJtJ

epahakpy;iy. MapDk; ,jw;F VNjDk;

jPu;T ,y;yhkYk; ,y;iy. mjhtJ

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,lJrhup rhu;e;j

,uz;L gpujpepjpfSs; xUtu; tpyfp jpU.

jp];] tpjhuz mtu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk;

toq;FtjhFk;. jd;id tpl mtu;

nghUj;jkhdtu; vd mtu;fSs; xUtu;

fUJthuhapd; mt; mu;g;gzpg;gpid

vJtpj rpukKkpd;wp Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.



fhkpdp [atpf;uk ngNuuhjiytu;> If;fpa Njrpa fl;rp

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.col

ombo

tele

grap

h.co

m

tlKidapy; thOk;

kf;fSf;F chpj;jhd Fiwe;jsT mjpfhuj;ij

toq;FNthk;

khfhz rig Kiwik

xopj;jy; my;yJ mjd;

mjpfhuq;fisf;

Fiwj;jy; njhlh;gpy;

epj;jpiu ,d;wp jkJ

murpay; nraw;jpl;lq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w

,dg;gw;whsu;fs;

njhlh;gpy; eLepiyAld;

Nehf;Ffpd;Nwd;. vd;gij

,q;F njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,e;jpahtpd; mOj;jk;

fhuzkhf N[.Mh;.

[ath;jd ,e;j Kiwia

Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh; vd;w

fhuzj;ij $wp ,ij

epuhfhpf;Fk; chpik vkf;F

,y;iy.

,e;ehl;by; khfhz rig Kiwik ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lijj; njhlh;e;J mjw;F vjpuhf

rpw;rpy vjph;g;Gf;fs; cUthfpdhYk; mt; vjph;g;Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf chpa

jug;gpdh; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUe;j flikfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjhtJ> khfhz rig

fl;likg;ghdJ vkJ ehl;Lf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;. mNjNtis kf;fSf;F Fwpg;gpl;l Nritia

toq;ff; $ba nghwpKiw vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;ba flikNa mJ. ,e;j tplak;

njhlh;gpy; ,Jtiuapy; khfhz rig Kjyikr;rh;fshf gjtpNaw;w vj;jid Ngh;

rthyhf epidj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ njhlh;gpy; ehdwpNad;. MapDk; 5 tUlq;fs; 6 khjq;fs;

5 ehl;fs; mjhtJ KOikahd xU khfhz rigapy; Kjyikr;ruhf nrayhw;wpaij

ehd; kPl;bg; ghh;g;gJ kdjpw;fpdpa xU tplakhfNt cs;sJ vd;gij ,q;F njhptpj;jhf



midj;J khfhz rigfspYk;

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s epajpr;

rl;lq;fisf; $l;bdhy; mJ

500f;F cl;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

mJTk; tUlhe;jk; fl;lhakhf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba epjp

{ Fiw epug;gpr; rl;lq;fisAk;

Nrh;e;Nj mJ mikAk;. MapDk;

tlNky; khfhz rigf;F ehd;

jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fpa

rig ,e;j nraw;ghLfSf;F

vjpuhf nraw;gl;l mNjNtis>

tUkhdj;ij <l;lf;$ba

midj;J gphpTfs; njhlh;gpy;

mtjhdk; nrYj;jp rl;lq;fis

jahhpj;J cld;ghl;il

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpfis

vLj;jJ. ehk; mq;F khfhz

Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigia

cUthf;fpa NghJ mjw;F

chpa mikr;rplkpUe;J ghhpa

vjph;g;G vOe;jhYk; mijAk;

fl;Lg;gLj;jp chpa rl;lq;fis

cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s Kbe;jjd;

fhuzkhf ,d;Wk; tlNky;

khfhz rigf;F tUkhdj;ij

<l;bj;jUk; xU topahf mJ

,Uf;fpd;wJ

Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W khfhz rigapd;

nghUj;jg;ghL njhlh;gpy; fye;JiuahLk;

ngUk;ghyhNdhh; tlNky; khfhz

rigapy; ehd; toq;fpa jiyikj;Jtk;

toq;fpa fhyg;gFjpia cjhuzkhf

nfhs;tjD}lhf fhzf;$ba xU tplak;

ehd; Vw;fdNt $wpa rthiy ntw;wp

nfhs;s vd;dhy; Kbe;Js;sikNa MFk;.

khfhz rig Kiwik xopj;jy;

my;yJ mjd; mjpfhuq;fisf; Fiwj;jy;

njhlh;gpy; epj;jpiu ,d;wp jkJ murpay;

nraw;jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w

,dg;gw;whsu;fs; njhlh;gpy; eLepiyAld;

Nehf;Ffpd;Nwd; vd;gij ,q;F

njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpahtpd;

mOj;jk; fhuzkhf N[.Mh;. [ath;jd

,e;j Kiwia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh; vd;w

fhuzj;ij $wp ,ij epuhfhpf;Fk;

chpik vkf;F ,y;iy. ,e;jf; fl;likg;G

ve;j mbg;gilapy; ,Uf;fpd;wnjd;w

fhuzpapd; mbg;gilapNyNa ehk;

,e;j tplak; gw;wp NgRk; NghJ rpe;jpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikapNyNa KO

khfhz rig KiwikAk; xw;iwahl;rpf;

fl;likg;gpd; mbg;gilapNyNa

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jdp xU

khfhzkhf gphpe;J nraw;gLtjw;F

cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy. mijg; gw;wpf; $l

rpe;jpf;f ,th;fSf;F mtfhrk; ,y;iy.

ehd; Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j Ntisapy;

cyf tq;fp> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp

Nghd;w ghhpa rh;tNjr epWtdq;fSld;

xg;ge;jq;fis ifr;rhj;jpl;l mNjNtis

tlNky; khfhzk; xw;iwahl;rp murhf

nraw;gLtjw;F rthyhf ,Ue;j khfhz

rig Kiwikf;F vjpuhf nraw;gl;l

egh;fs; $l ,jw;Ff; Fw;wk; Rkj;jtpy;iy.

tlf;fpy; my;yJ fpof;fpy; ngUk;ghd;ik

khfhz rig cWg;gpdh;fs; jkpo;

my;yJ K];ypk; egh;fshf ,Ug;gjd;

%yk; vt;tpj gpur;rpidAk;

,y;iy. fhuzk; xw;iwahl;rp mur

fl;likg;gpw;F rthy; tpLf;Fk; mstpw;F

khfhz rig nghwpKiw tYthd

xd;whf mikahjthW ,Ug;gjw;F

Muk;gj;jpNyNa cUthf;fpath;fs;

Nahrpj;jpUe;jdh;. vdNt> ,t;

,dthjpfspd; kdg;gak; ntWk; Gw;Wf;F

gae;j fij vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;.

mDgtkpy;yhj Gjpa xUtdhf

ehd; khfhz rigf;F tutpy;iy.

kj;jpa murpd; gpugy mikr;ruhf

,Ue;jNghNj khfhz rigf;F te;Njd;.

Njrpa murpaypy; ,iztjw;F gpuNjr

murpay;thjpfs; Kaw;rpf;Fk; NghJ

ehd; gpuNjr murpaYf;F te;Njd;.

mJ 1988 Mz;L Nk khjk; 04k; jpfjp

MFk;. ehd; vjpu;Nehf;fpa ,uz;L

rthy;fSf;F ntF rPf;fpuk; jPh;T fhz

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. mjhtJ> KO ehLk;

N[.tp.gp. fpsu;r;rpia vjpu;Nehf;fpa NghJ

khfhz rigapd; nraw;ghLfis chpa

Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Gjpa

mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;l GjpanjhU

khfhz rigf;F cap&l;LtJ

vdJ flikfshfpd. ,e;j ,uz;L

tplaq;fisAk; Jy;ypakhff; ifahz;L

ntw;wp fz;lij ,q;F ehd; njhptpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. N[.tp.gp. gpur;rpid gbg;gbahf

jPh;f;fg;gl;l mNjNtis> khfhz

rigf;F rpwe;jnjhU Muk;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;gjw;F ,uz;L topKiwfis

ghpNrhjpj;Jg; ghh;f;fj; jPh;khdpj;Njd;.

mitahtd> mikr;ruitAld;

Kbe;jsT neUf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp

ve;jnthU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; Njitahd

mjpfhuq;fs; tplaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw

xg;gilg;gjd; %yk; nraw;gLjy;.

mNjNtis Mw;wy; kpf;f mYtyh; Fohk;

xd;iw njhpT nra;J nfhz;Nld;.

kpff; FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy; mjw;fhd

gyd; fpilj;j mNjNtis mikr;rh;fsJ

khj;jpukd;wp vjph;f;fl;rp cWg;gpdh;fsJ

xj;Jiog;igAk; kpf ,yFthf ngw

gpw;fhyj;jpy; vd;dhy; Kbe;jJ. md;W

ehd; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l mYtyh;

Fohk; ve;jsT jkJ fsj;jpy; jpwikahf

nraw;gl;ldh; vd;W $Wtjhapd;

mth;fspy; gyh; jkJ Nritapy; ,Ue;J

Xa;T ngWk; NghJ epuy; mikr;Rf;fspy;

epue;jur; nrayhsh;fshfg; gzpahw;wpdu;

vd;gijAk; ,q;F $w Ntz;Lk;. ,uT

gfy; ghuhJ ehd; vdJ nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;tijf; fz;l mYtyh;fSk;

vdJ Kaw;rpf;F cWJidhaf

,Ue;jdh;. ve;jnthU re;jh;;g;gj;jpYk;

vdJ nraw;ghLfSf;F jilahf

,Ue;jjpy;iy. vkf;fpilapy; rpwe;j

njhlh;Gfs; tsh;r;rpaile;jd.

mLj;jjhf Fwpg;gpl Ntz;ba

tplak; ahnjdpy; kj;jpa murpd;



mjdbg;gilapy;

jw;NghJ muNrhL

,izAk; egh;fSf;F

xU tplaj;ij njhptpf;f

ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;.

mjhtJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk;

Vida rpWghd;ik

,dj;jth;fSf;Fk;

jkf;Nf cupajhd

khfhz rignahd;iw

eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk;

fpilj;Js;sJ. ,e;jr;

re;jh;g;gj;jpy; gytifahd

re;Njfq;fisAk;

gaj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jp mij

gadw;wjhf;f Ntz;lhk; vd

Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

nraw;ghNl. ehd; kj;jpa murpd;

mikr;ruitiaAk; kPwp rpw; rpy

nraw;jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhz;l NghJ

mJ njhlh;gpy; N[.Mh; [ath;jdtplk;

Kiwapl;l egh;fs; ,Ug;gijAk; ehd;

fz;Zw;Nwd;. vd;id nfhOk;gpw;F

mioj;J mt; Ntisfspy;> ePq;fs; Xh;

,isQh; vdNt ePz;lnjhU murpay;

gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W

vd;id cw;rhfg;gLj;jpa mNjNtis>

,d;W fhzg;gLtJ Nghy jkJ fl;rp

cWg;gpdh;fspilNa gpzf;Ffis

Vw;gLj;jp jkJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;ijg;

ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wjhd nraw;ghL

vijAk; mth; nra;atpy;iy.

“nghyp];> fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;iy

vdpy; tl khfhz rigapy; Nghl;baplf;

$lhJ” vd jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd;

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh; xUtu; $wpajhf

Clfq;fspy; fUj;J ntspahfp ,Ue;jJ.

mth;fSila ePz;lfhy fdT mJ

vd;gjhy; mg;gbf; $wpajpy; jtW

,y;iy vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. vdJ

jdpg;gl;l fUj;J ahnjdpy; mjpfhuk;

nfhz;Nlh my;yJ ,d;wpNah ,Uf;Fk;

NghJ Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl;L Ml;rpiag;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.

mjd;gb mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jgpwF

jkJ nraw;ghLfspd; mbg;gilapy;

mjw;Fhpajhd mjpfhuk; RakhfNt

Vw;gLk;. khwhf “vkf;F mjpfhuk;

jhUq;fs;” vd myhpkhspifapy;

kz;bapl Ntz;ba mtrpak; xU

NghJk; Vw;glhJ. ePq;fs; xU NghJk;

ek;gKbahj xU fUj;ij ehd; ,q;F $w

KbAk;. mjhtJ ehd; Kjyikr;ruhf

flikahw;wpa fhyg;gFjpapy; kj;jpa

muR ve;jnthU mjpfhuj;ijAk;

vkf;Fg; gfputpy;iy. vdf;F fpilj;j

khfhz rigahdJ Gjpjhfg; gpwe;j

Foe;ijiag; Nghd;W ,Ue;jNjhL>

tUkhdq;fis ngWk; topfs; njhlh;ghf

rpe;jpf;f mjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis nra;a

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. me;j tplaq;fis chpa

Kiwapy; nra;jjd; fhuzkhf vdf;Fj;

Njitahd mjpfhuq;fs; vd;idj; Njb

te;jdNt xopa ehd; rpwpnfhj;jtpw;Nfh

[dhjpgjp khspiff;Nfh nrd;W mjpfhuk;

Ntz;b gpr;ir Nfl;ftpy;iy. ,ij vdJ

Kaw;rpfSf;F cWJidahftpUe;j

murpay; thjpfs; kw;Wk; mDgtkpf;f

mYtyh;fs; rhl;rp gfh;thh;fs;.

NkYk; xU tplaj;ij ehd;

njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ khfhz

rigfSf;Fhpa mjpfhuq;fis

ghJfhg;gjw;F ehd; gpd;gw;wpa

nraw;ghLfshFk;. khfhz rigfs; gw;wp

mwpe;jth;fSf;F mJ Gjpa tplakhf

,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mjd; Muk;g

cWg;gpdh;fshfpa ehk; ,d;Ndhuhd

tpl;Lf; nfhLg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,d;W ngUk;ghyhd

khfhz rigfs; rpe;jpg;gJ ,il Neu;

tpisTfs; fhzg;gLtjhy; khfhz

rigfSf;Fhpajhd rl;lq;fshf

cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy

vd;wthNw. ,ij cWjpg;gLj;jf;

$ba rpwe;j tplak; ahnjdpy;> %d;W

jrhg;j fhy tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;l

khfhz rigfs; ,Jtiuapy; kpff;

Fiwe;j msT epajpr; rl;lq;fisNa

cUthf;fpapUf;fpd;wd. midj;J

khfhz rigfspYk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s

epajpr; rl;lq;fisf; $l;bdhy;

mJ 500f;F cl;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

mJTk; tUlhe;jk; fl;lhakhf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba epjp { Fiw

epug;gpr; rl;lq;fisAk; Nrh;e;Nj mJ

mikAk;. MapDk; tlNky; khfhz

rigf;F ehd; jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fpa

rig ,e;j nraw;ghLfSf;F vjpuhf

nraw;gl;l mNjNtis> tUkhdj;ij

<l;lf;$ba midj;J gphpTfs; njhlh;gpy;

mtjhdk; nrYj;jp rl;lq;fis jahhpj;J

cld;ghl;il Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s

Kaw;rpfis vLj;jJ. ehk; mq;F khfhz

Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigia cUthf;fpa

NghJ mjw;F chpa mikr;rplkpUe;J ghhpa

vjph;g;G vOe;jhYk; mijAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jp

chpa rl;lq;fis cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s

Kbe;jjd; fhuzkhf ,d;Wk; tlNky;

khfhz rigf;F tUkhdj;ij <l;bj;jUk;

xU topahf mJ ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F

Nkyjpfkhf fpuhkpa cw;gj;jpfis

tpw;gid nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy; Ra njhopy;

mbg;gilr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; tlNky;

mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigr; rl;lk;

Nghd;wit ,d;W kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy;

tUkhzj;ij <l;lf; $baitahf

,Uf;fpd;w mNj Ntis Vida

khfhzq;fspy; ,y;yhj jdpj;Jtj;ijAk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F VJthfpapUf;fpd;wJ.

khfhz rigfSf;F fpilf;fpd;w



“nghyp];> fhzp

mjpfhuq;fs; ,y;iy

vdpy; tl khfhz rigapy;

Nghl;baplf; $lhJ” vd

jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;gpd;

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;

xUtu; $wpajhf

Clfq;fspy; fUj;J

ntspahfp ,Ue;jJ.

mth;fSila ePz;lfhy

fdT mJ vd;gjhy; mg;gbf;

$wpajpy; jtW ,y;iy

vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;.

vdJ jdpg;gl;l fUj;J

ahnjdpy; mjpfhuk;

nfhz;Nlh my;yJ ,d;wpNah

,Uf;Fk; NghJ Njh;jypy;

Nghl;bapl;L Ml;rpiag;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjhFk;. mjd;gb

mjpfhuj;jpw;F te;jgpwF

jkJ nraw;ghLfspd;

mbg;gilapy; mjw;Fhpajhd

mjpfhuk; RakhfNt

Vw;gLk;.

thp tUkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida

tUkhd topfs; Clhf fpilf;fpd;w epjp

njhlh;ghf Kjyikr;rUf;F njspthd

tpsf;fk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. mjd;

%yk; jhk; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs;

njhlh;ghf Ra kjpg;gPnlhd;iw nra;a

KbtNjhL mgptpUj;jpf;F xJf;fg;gLk; epjp

njhlh;gpYk; njspitg; ngw KbAk;. ,j;

njsptpd; %yk; tlNky; khfhzj;jpy;

Kjw; jiltahf tUkhd thp

jpizf;fsk; xd;iw cUthf;f vd;dhy;

Kbe;jNjhL tUkhdj;ij chpa Kiwapy;

Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;J mgptpUj;jpf;Fj;

Njitahd epjpia ,yFthff; ifahs

Kbe;jJ.

,Wjpahf ,d;DNkhh; tplaj;ijf;

Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. khfhz rigapd;

midj;J tpjkhd Gjpa Muk;gq;fspd;

NghJk; mjw;F gpd;dhy; epoy; Nghd;W

ehk; ahuhtJ ,Ug;gJ mtrpak;

vd;gjhFk;. mg;gbr; re;jh;g;gk; ,y;yhj

NghJ mikr;ruapy; cs;s NtW

cWg;gpdh;fSf;F chpa nghWg;ig

toq;Fk; Kd;khjphp nraw;ghl;il ehk;

tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; Muk;gpj;jikia

,d;Dk; gyh; Gfo;e;J NgRfpd;wdh;.

tha;f;fhy; xd;iw mikf;Fk;

re;jh;g;gj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;tij Mh;tkhf

nfhz;lNjhL> epfo;TfSf;F nrd;W

cztUj;jp kfpo;tijtpl Kd;gs;sp

xd;iw mikf;Fk; Ntisapy; <LgLk;

kf;fSld; kfpo;r;rpahf ciuahLtij

ehd; ngUk;ghYk; tpUk;Gk; xU egh;

vd;gij njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jsT

Ntisg; gS epiwe;j murpay;thjp

xUtuhy; vt;thW ,g;gb ele;J nfhs;s

KbAk; vd rpyh; Nfl;fpd;wdh;. MapDk;

vdJ mDgtj;jpd; gb Njitg;ghLk;

Mh;tKk; ,Ug;gpd; nra;a KbahjJ

vJTk; ,y;iy. mjdbg;gilapy; jw;NghJ

muNrhL ,izAk; egh;fSf;F xU

tplaj;ij njhptpf;f ehd; tpUk;GfpNwd;.

mjhtJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; Vida

rpWghd;ik ,dj;jth;fSf;Fk;

jkf;Nf cupa khfhz rignahd;iw

eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk;

fpilj;Js;sJ. ,e;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy;

gytifahd re;Njfq;fisAk;

gaj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jp mij gadw;wjhf;f

Ntz;lhk; vd Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

Nky; khfhzk; my;yJ tlNky;

khfhzq;fis tpl tlf;F mgptpUj;jp

milAkhapd; mjw;fhf mjpfk; kfpo;r;rp

milAk; egh; NtW ahUky;y. mth;

,e;ehl;bd; [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\

mth;fNs. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; tlf;fpy;

,Ug;gth;fs; mtUila rNfhju

kf;fNs vdNt ehk; xw;iwahl;rp mur

fl;likg;ig ghJfhg;gNjhL tlKidapy;

thOk; vkJ kf;fs; jkf;Fupa Mff;

Fiwe;j mjpfhuj;ijahtJ gpd;gw;wp

jkJ gpur;rpidfis jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;

tpjj;ij ehk; ngUk; vjph;g;ghh;g;Gld;

ghh;f;f Ntz;ba jUzk; jw;NghJ

cUthfpAs;sJ.



rhe;jpdp Nfhd;f`NfKd;id ehs; kj;jpa khfhz rig cWg;gpdu;

jiytp rf;jp kd;wk;

khfhz rigfs; msTf;F fpuhkq;fSf;F gzpahw;wpa Ntnwe;j epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lKk; ,y;iy

khfhz rigfs;

msTf;F fpuhkq;fSf;F

gzpahw;wpa NtW

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

vJTkpy;iy. mjdhy;jhd;

ehd;$l njhlh;r;rpahf

,jDld; jhpj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

khfhzrig epjpnahJf;fPL

vkf;F fpilj;jhYk;

fpilf;fhtpl;lhYk;

vq;fpUe;jhtJ

epjpiaj;Njb

vkJ nghWg;ig

epiwNtw;wpAs;Nshk;.

Phot

o so

urce

: pl

us.g

oogl

e.co

m

khfhz rig vd;gJ nts;is ahid vd;Wk; mjid ,y;yhnjhopf;f khfhz rig vd;gJ nts;is ahid vd;Wk; mjid ,y;yhnjhopf;f

Ntz;LnkdTk; FunyOg;gg;gl;LtUk; ,t;Ntisapy; %d;whtJ jlitahfTk; Ntz;LnkdTk; FunyOg;gg;gl;LtUk; ,t;Ntisapy; %d;whtJ jlitahfTk;

khfhz rigf;F Nghl;bapLtjw;fhd fhuznkd;d?khfhz rigf;F Nghl;bapLtjw;fhd fhuznkd;d?

khfhzrig nts;is ahidnad;W $Wgth;fs;jhd; mjd; ed;ikfisf;

$Ljyhf mDgtpf;fpd;wdh;. khfhzrigfspy; jq;fp tho;NthNu mjid nts;is

ahid vd;W $Wfpwhh;fNs jtpu mjd; %yk; Nrit nra;a Kaw;rpg;NghUf;F

mt;thwpy;iy. khfhz rigfs; msTf;F fpuhkq;fSf;F gzpahw;wpa NtW

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; vJTkpy;iy. mjdhy;jhd; ehd;$l njhlh;r;rpahf ,jDld;

jhpj;jpUf;fpNwd;. khfhzrig epjpnahJf;fPL vkf;F fpilj;jhYk; fpilf;fhtpl;lhYk;

vq;fpUe;jhtJ epjpiaj;Njb vkJ nghWg;ig epiwNtw;wpAs;Nshk;. ,e;j rigfspd;

Coy;fis ghh;f;Fk;NghJ vdf;Fk;$l cz;ikapNyNa khfhzrigfs; nts;is

ahidjhd; vd;W $wj;Njhd;WfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j epWtdq;fspy; ey;yhl;rpia

fl;bnaOg;g KbAkhapd; mJjhd; rhpahd top. kf;fSf;F Nritahw;Wtjw;F

kf;fSf;fhf mh;g;gzpg;gtUf;F khfhzrig rpwe;j fk;gskhFk;.

fpuhkj;Jf;fhf Nritahw;Wtjw;F Vd;$Ljyhd mjpfhuq;fis NfhUfpwPh;fs;. fpuhkj;Jf;fhf Nritahw;Wtjw;F Vd;$Ljyhd mjpfhuq;fis NfhUfpwPh;fs;.

jw;NghJ khfhzrigfSf;Fs;s mjpfhuq;fs; Nghjhjh?jw;NghJ khfhzrigfSf;Fs;s mjpfhuq;fs; Nghjhjh?



cz;ikapy; khfhzrig

kl;lj;jpy; my;y cs;@

uhl;rp kd;wq;fs; kw;Wk;

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; $l

epyik ,jidtpl

NkhrkhdJ. Ntl;GkDtpy;

$Ljyhf ngz;fis

,izj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F

ngUKaw;rp vLf;fpNwhk;.

mJTk; jkJ murpay; fUj;ij gfpuq;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gug;gg;Lk; fijNa.

vtUk; $Ljy; mjpfhuj;ij Nfl;ftpy;iyNa Nfl;gjhapDk; Nfl;gJ Vw;fdNt 13

tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuq;fisNa. nghyp];> fhzp Nghd;w

mjpfhuq;fs; $l Vw;fdNt khfhzrigfSf;Fhpj;jhd mjpfhuq;fshfNt cs;sd.

,jidtpl Nfl;gjw;F Gjpjhf vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ.

gpuNjrj;Jf;F XusT Nritahw;wf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk; khfhz gpuNjrj;Jf;F XusT Nritahw;wf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk; khfhz

rigfSf;F njhpT nra;ag;gLk; ngz;fspd; njhif kpff;FiwthdJjhNd? mjw;fhd rigfSf;F njhpT nra;ag;gLk; ngz;fspd; njhif kpff;FiwthdJjhNd? mjw;fhd

fhuzq;fs; vit?fhuzq;fs; vit?

cz;ikapy; khfhzrig kl;lj;jpy; my;y cs;@uhl;rp kd;wq;fs; kw;Wk;

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; $l epyik ,jidtpl NkhrkhdJ. Ntl;GkDtpy; $Ljyhf

ngz;fis ,izj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ngUKaw;rp vLf;fpNwhk;. cyfpNyNa KjyhtJ

ngz; gpujkiu cUthf;fpa ehl;by; ,e;jsTf;F Fiwe;jsT ngz;fspd; murpay;

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,Ug;gJ Vndd;W rpe;jpg;gNj rpukkhdJ. fl;rpfspd; njhFjp

mikg;ghsh;fSf;Fk; fl;rpj; jiyth;fSf;Fk; ,J njhlh;ghf njspthd ghh;it

,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. Mt;thW ,y;yhjpUg;gjdhNyNa ,g;gpur;rid jPtpukilfpwJ. ,e;j

tpfpjhrhu gpujpepjpj;Jt KiwapYs;s FiwghLfSk; ngz;fis murpaypypUe;J

tpyf;Ftjw;Ff; fhuzkhf cs;sJ. ehl;bd; ey;yhl;rpia fl;bnaOg;Gtjhapd; ehk;

midtUk; ,jidtpl mf;fiw vLf;fNtz;Lk;.

fhzp> nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis tlf;Ff;F toq;Fjy; njhlh;gpy; fpuhk kf;fSf;F fhzp> nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis tlf;Ff;F toq;Fjy; njhlh;gpy; fpuhk kf;fSf;F

fUj;Jf;fs; cs;sjh?fUj;Jf;fs; cs;sjh?

cz;ikapNyNa eLepiyahfr; rpe;jpf;Fk;> mt;thNw murpay; njhlh;ghf mwpe;Js;s

ngUksthNdhh; ,g;NghJk; fpuhkq;fspy; cs;sdh;. Jujpu;\;ltrkhf mur gpur;rhu

nghwpKiw ,e;j kf;fSf;F GSF { mz;lg;GSF $wp eQ;#l;LfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk;

kf;fs; ,Jgw;wp vg;NghJk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; jkf;F fpl;Lk; mDgtj;ijNa

ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;tsT mjpfhuk; ,Ue;Jk; $l kf;fSf;F gzpahw;whky; jkJ

nrhe;j Njitfis epiwNtw;Wk; murpaNy jw;NghJs;sJ. ,tw;iwg;ghh;f;Fk; kf;fs;

Mff;Fiwe;jJ tlf;F kf;fSf;fhtJ rpwe;j Nrit fpl;Lkhapd; rpwe;j khfhzrig

fpilf;fNtz;Lnkd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. fhzp> nghyp]; mjpfhuk; njhlh;gpy; mth;fSf;F

gpur;ridapy;iy. mjw;F fhuzk; fz;bahfl;Lk;> khj;jiwahfl;Lk; jw;NghJ murpay;

thjpfs; nghyPrhiu NkYk; NkYk; murpay; kag;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. kw;Wk; fhzpfis

jkJ murpay; $l;lhspfSf;F gfph;e;jspj;jy; Nghd;witahFk;. vdf;F tha;g;G fpilf;Fk;

Nghnjy;yhk; vd;idr;Rw;wpapUf;Fk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ngz;fis ,J njhlh;ghf

njspT gLj;JtJld; mth;fs; rpwe;j gpui[fshf midj;J ,dj;NjhUlDk; el;Gwthf

nraw;gLtjw;F J}z;btpLfpNwd;.

kj;jpa khfhzk; gy ,dq;fs; trpf;Fk; tpNrl tyakhFk;. kj;jpa khfhzrig kj;jpa khfhzk; gy ,dq;fs; trpf;Fk; tpNrl tyakhFk;. kj;jpa khfhzrig

,e;j midj;J ,dq;fisAk; ikakhff; nfhz;l VjhtJ mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;ijNah ,e;j midj;J ,dq;fisAk; ikakhff; nfhz;l VjhtJ mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;ijNah

ey;ypzf;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk; gzpiaNah Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sjh?ey;ypzf;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk; gzpiaNah Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sjh?

cq;fSf;F gjpyspg;gjw;F Kd;dh; xd;iwf; $wNtz;Lk;. mt;thW

,dq;fspilNa ey;ypzf;fNkh ,dq;fis ,izj;J nghJthd ed;ik

mth;fSf;F fpilf;ff;$basT nraw;glf;$ba rpwpasthtJ Gj;jpAs;Nshh; kj;jpa

khfhzrigapy; ,y;iy. gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; gy;NtW jpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLtij

ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. mjpy; ngUk;ghyhdit kj;jpa muir ikakhff;nfhz;l

kj;jpa muRf;F tUkhdk; fpilf;Fk; jpl;lq;fshFk;. ehd; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;

njhFjpapypUe;J nfhQ;rJ}uk; nrd;why; khfhzrigapd; gz;igf; fhzyhk;.

cLEtu > njy;njdpa> g`j;jN`thn`l;l gpuNjrq;fspYs;s fpuhkq;fSf;F

nry;Yk; tPjpf;fl;likg;Gf;fs; gy Mz;Lfshf guhkhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. gk;gufy

tpfhiu njy;njdpahTf;F ngUik Nrh;g;gjhFk;. ,e;jtpfhiuia mgptpUj;jp

nra;jhy; cy;yhrg;gazpfis ftUk; ,lkhFk; Mdhy; me;j tpfhiuf;F nry;Yk;

ghij Nrjkile;Js;sJ. ,J kpfr;rpwpa vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; rpythFk;. ,t;tsT

tUkhdk; ciof;Fk; topfs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ kj;jpa muR nra;Ak;tiuf;Fk; ghh;j;Jf;

nfhz;bUg;gjidNa khfhzrig gpuKfh;fs; nra;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; khfhzrig

fl;blj; njhFjpiag; ghUq;fs; ,J

kpfg;ngUk; eph;khzkhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;

mur jug;G rkh;g;gpf;Fk; nryTld;

xg;gpl;L ghh;f;Fk;NghJ mt;tsT

nrythfpaJ vd;gjid ek;GtJ rpukk;.

ey;yhl;rp rPh;Fiye;j epiyapNyNa

kj;jpakhfhzrig ,Ue;jJ. ePq;fs;

Nfl;gJNghy Mf;fG+h;tkhf kf;fSf;F

Nritahw;Wtjw;F Kd;dh; ,e;j mg;ghtp

kf;fspd; cl;fl;ikg;G trjpfisahtJ

epiwNtw;Wtjw;F mjpfhhpfs;

rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy. vkJ khfhzj;jpy; cs;s

kfpo;r;rpailaf;$ba tplankd;why;

khfhzrigapd; Kd;ida

J} q;fptopAk; murpay; thjpfsplkpUe;J

,dq;fspilNa ey;ypzf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;j

vjidAk; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; kf;fs;

kpfTk; xw;Wikahf nraw;gLtjhFk;.

cz;ikapy; vdf;Fs;s xNu gak;

vd;dntd;why; ,e;j Njh;jiyr; rhl;b

rpy murpay;thjpfs; ,dthjj;ij

J} z;btpl Kaw;rpg;gjhFk;. mjdhy;

vk; midthpdJk; nghWg;G kj;jpa

khfhzj;jpy; jw;NghJs;s r%f

ey;ypzf;fj;ij mt;thW ghJfhg;gjhFk;

vd epidf;fpNwd;.

rk;gh\idf; Fwpg;G

kQ;Rs f[ehaf;fkQ;Rs f[ehaf;f



mikr;rh; lf;s]; Njthde;jhughuk;gupaf; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; rpWnjhopy;

Kaw;rp mgptpUj;jp mikr;ru; {nrayhsu; <o

kf;fs; [dehaff; fl;rp

gpur;rpidfSf;F ePz;lfhy jPh;itj; NjLtjpy; KjyhtJ gb Kiw khfhz rigahFk;

13tJ murpay; rPh;jpUj;jk;

fhyk; fle;j xd;W vd;w

fUj;ij gyh; njhptpf;fpd;w

NghJk; $l ,U ehl;bd;

,dg;gpur;ridf;fhd

ePz;lfhy jPh;it NjLtjpy;

KjyhtJ gbKiw khfhz

rigNa vd;gij ehk;

midj;J re;jh;g;gq;fspYk;

njhptpj;Njhk;. 13tJ

rPh;jpUj;jk; ,yq;iff;F

fpilj;j nghz;zhd

re;jh;g;gkhFk;.

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.asi

antri

bune

.com

vjph;tUk; khfhz rig Njh;jy; njhlh;gpy; jq;fSila fPo;kl;l Vw;ghLfis tpghpf;f vjph;tUk; khfhz rig Njh;jy; njhlh;gpy; jq;fSila fPo;kl;l Vw;ghLfis tpghpf;f

KbAkh?KbAkh?

tlf;fpw;fhd khfhz rigj; Njh;jy; vd;gJ vdJ kpf ePz;l fhy vjph;ghh;g;ghFk;.

vdNt tlf;fpy; Njh;jy; xd;iw elj;JkhW kpf ePz;l fhykhf Ntz;LNfhs;

tpLj;jpUe;Njd;. mjw;fhd fhuzk; khfhz rig xd;wpD}lhf midj;Jg;

gpur;rpidfisAk; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;w ek;gpf;if vd;Dy; ,Ue;jikNaahFk;.

,dg;gpur;rpidNah! vJthf ,Ug;gpDk; ,t;tidj;jpw;Fk; jPu;Tfhz KbtJ khfhz

rigapD}lhfNt vd;gJ vdJ ek;gpf;if. 13tJ murpay; jpUj;jk; fhyk; fle;j xd;W

vd;w fUj;ij gyh; njhptpf;fpd;w NghJk; $l ,U ehl;bd; ,dg;gpur;ridf;fhd

ePz;lfhy jPh;it NjLtjpy; KjyhtJ gbKiw khfhz rigNa vd;gij ehk;

midj;J re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; njhptpj;Njhk;. 13tJ rPh;jpUj;jk; ,yq;iff;F fpilj;j

nghd;dhd re;jh;g;gkhFk;. MapDk; mij vy;.hP.hp.< kw;Wk; mjd; rfghbfs; chpa



ghuhSkd;w njhpTf; FOtpy;

uT+g; `fpk; kw;Wk; jp];]

tpj;jhuz Nghd;Nwhh;

,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;glhik

Nfs;tpf;FwpNa. ,t;tplak;

njhlh;gpy; muR mtjhdk;

nrYj;Jk; vd ehd;

ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;stpy;iy. ,d;W ahtUk; 13tJ jpUj;jj;ijg; gw;wp

fijg;gJ khj;jpukpd;wp mij eilKiwg;gLj;JkhWk; mOj;jk; nfhLf;Fk; epiyikNa

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

vt;thwhapDk; 13tJ jpUj;jk; njhlh;gpy; murpd; epiyg;ghl;il ,Jtiu vt;thwhapDk; 13tJ jpUj;jk; njhlh;gpy; murpd; epiyg;ghl;il ,Jtiu

njspTgLj;jtpy;iy. murpDs;NsNa xU jug;gpdh; mij xopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd njspTgLj;jtpy;iy. murpDs;NsNa xU jug;gpdh; mij xopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd

$Wk;NghJ ,d;DnkhU jug;gpdh; mij KOikahf eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; gb Fuy; $Wk;NghJ ,d;DnkhU jug;gpdh; mij KOikahf eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; gb Fuy;

nfhLf;fpd;wdh;. murpd; gq;fhsp vd;w tifapy; jhq;fs; ,ij vt;thW fhz;fpwPh;fs;?nfhLf;fpd;wdh;. murpd; gq;fhsp vd;w tifapy; jhq;fs; ,ij vt;thW fhz;fpwPh;fs;?

gy fl;rpfs; xd;wpize;Nj ,e;j muR mike;Js;sJ. Rpy fl;rpfSf;Fk; egh;fSf;Fk;

,j; jpUj;jj;ij xopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Njitg;gl;bUf;Fk; NghJ NtW rpyUf;F

Njitg;gl;bUg;gJ khfhz rigfSf;F toq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mjpfhuq;fis tiuaiw

nra;tjhFk;. mNjNtis murpDs; ,Uf;Fk; ,d;DnkhU gphptpdh; 18 mt;thW

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd; ngUk; ghyhNdhh;

13tJ jpUj;jk; xopf;fg;gLtij vjph;f;fpd;wdh;. ,J njhlh;gpy; ifnaOj;Jg; ngWk;

nraw;ghL ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; eilngw;wJ. mNjNtis mikr;ruitapYk; ,uz;L

tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ khfhzq;fs; ,izg;gJ

njhlh;gpy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;j mjpfhuj;ij kPsg;ngWtJ

kw;Wk; khfhz rigfSf;F toq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mjpfhuq;fis tiuaiw nra;tJ

vd;gNjahFk;. vt;thwhapDk; mikr;ruit mij ghuhSkd;w njhpTf; FOtplk;

xg;gilg;gnjd jPu;khdpj;jJ. vdNt> 13tJ jpUj;jj;ij xopg;gjw;F muR Fwpg;gpl;l

epiyg;ghl;bypUe;jhYk; mJ mt;thW ,lk;ngwhJ ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;FOit

mikg;gjw;F ehk; xj;Jiog;G toq;fpapUf;fpd;Nwhk; MapDk;> Jujpu;\;ltrkhf

mr; nraw;ghl;bypUe;J vjph;f;fl;rp xJq;fpapUg;gjhy; ,J rw;W jhkjkhfapUf;fpd;wJ

mjd; gq;Fjhuuhf ,Ug;gjw;F vjph;f;fl;rpw;F Njitg;ghL ,y;yhj re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; $l

ghuhSkd;wj; njhpTf;FOTld; ,ize;J nraw;gl ehk; jPu;;khdpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

vdNt ,g;gpur;rid njhlh;gpy; jkJ ntspg;ghl;il cz;ikahf muR Nkw;nfhz;L

,Ug;gij fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

MapDk; ,yq;if K];ypk; fhq;fpu];> jp];] tpj;jhuz Nghd;;;w murpd; gpugy gq;F MapDk; ,yq;if K];ypk; fhq;fpu];> jp];] tpj;jhuz Nghd;;;w murpd; gpugy gq;F

jhuh;fs; ghuhSkd;w njhpTf; FOtpypUe;J tpyf;fpapUg;gjd; fhuzkhf kdf;frg;ig jhuh;fs; ghuhSkd;w njhpTf; FOtpypUe;J tpyf;fpapUg;gjd; fhuzkhf kdf;frg;ig

Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wjy;yth?Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wjy;yth?

Mk; ehd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. Mth;fis tpyf;fpapUg;gjw;fhd fhuzj;jpd;

gpd;dzpia ehd; mwpNad;. mij epahag;gLj;j KbahJ. ghuhSkd;w njhpTf;

FOtpy; uT+g; `fpk; kw;Wk; jp];]tpj;jhuz Nghd;Nwhh; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;glhik

Nfs;tpf;FwpNa. ,t;tplak; njhlh;gpy; muR mtjhdk; nrYj;Jk; vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

khfhz rigfSf;F vt;thwhd mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ njhlh;ghf khfhz rigfSf;F vt;thwhd mjpfhuq;fs; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ njhlh;ghf

cq;fSila fUj;J ahJ?cq;fSila fUj;J ahJ?

kf;fs; jq;fSila tpUg;gj;ij vkf;F ngw;Wj;jUthh;fshapd; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij

ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; mNjNghy; mij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eltbf;if vLg;gnjdTk;

ehk; kf;fSf;F njhptpj;Js;Nshk;.

nghyp]; kw;Wk; fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd epiyg;ghL ahJ?nghyp]; kw;Wk; fhzp mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd epiyg;ghL ahJ?

mt;midj;Jk; 13tJ jpUj;jj;jpy; cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ. NtW egh;fspd; iffspy; mjpfhuk;

fpilj;jhy; mij jtwhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jthh;fs; vd;w fhuzj;ij mbg;gilahf

nfhz;L [dhjpgjp mth;fs; njhptpj;J ,Ug;gjhtJ ehk; ntw;wp mile;jTld; vijAk;

ngw;Wj; ju [dhjpgjp mth;fs; tpUg;gj;Jld; ,Uf;fpd;whh; vd;gjhFk;. ehd; Njh;jypy;

ntw;wp ngw;w gpwF fhzp kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fis toq;FtJ [dhjpgjp

mth;fSf;F gpur;rpidahf ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ.



,uhZtk; fhzpfis

ifg;gw;WtJ 2000k;

Mz;Lfs; njhlf;fk;

Fiwtile;Js;sJ.

,uhZtk; mt;thW

fhzpfis

ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhd

re;jh;g;gkhdJ TNA kw;Wk;

LTTE Nghd;w fl;rpfs; kw;Wk;

FOf;fspd; nraw;ghLfNs

fhuzkhf mike;jJ

vd;gij kf;fs; Ghpe;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;

tl khfhzj;jpy; kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpur;ridfs; ahit vd ePq;fs; tl khfhzj;jpy; kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpur;ridfs; ahit vd ePq;fs;

epidf;fpd;wPh;fs;? epidf;fpd;wPh;fs;?

kf;fisg; gw;wp ftdk; nrYj;Jk;NghJ murpay; jPh;it ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; fhzpg; gpur;ridfs; Nghd;wit mth;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk;

gpujhdkhd gpur;ridfshff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

gyhj;fhukhf fhzpfs; ifg;gw;wg;gLfpd;wik njhlh;ghf murpw;F Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; Kd; gyhj;fhukhf fhzpfs; ifg;gw;wg;gLfpd;wik njhlh;ghf murpw;F Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; Kd;

itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jhq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JtJ me;j kf;fisNa ,J njhlh;gpy; itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jhq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JtJ me;j kf;fisNa ,J njhlh;gpy;

jq;fSila fUj;J vd;d? jq;fSila fUj;J vd;d?

mz;ikapy; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapy; mfjpfs; njhlh;ghd cah;];jhdpfs;

mYtyfj;jpD}lhf ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;ifia thrpj;jhy; cq;fSf;F GhpAk;

muR kw;Wk; ,uhZtk; fhzpfis ifg;gw;WtJ 2000k; Mz;Lfs; njhlf;fk;

Fiwtile;Js;sJ.

,uhZtk; mt;thW fhzpfis ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhd re;jh;g;gkhdJ TNA kw;Wk; LTTE Nghd;w fl;rpfs; kw;Wk; FOf;fspd; nraw;ghLfNs fhuzkhf mike;jJ vd;gij kf;fs;

Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. MapDk;> ,d;W me;j epyik khw;wk; mile;Js;sJ.

tlf;fpy; kPdth;fspd; tho;thjhuk; njhlh;ghf fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; NghJ jkpo; ehl;L tlf;fpy; kPdth;fspd; tho;thjhuk; njhlh;ghf fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; NghJ jkpo; ehl;L

kPdth;fs; ehl;bd; fly; vy;iyia Mf;fpukpj;J ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf ,th;fs; kPdth;fs; ehl;bd; fly; vy;iyia Mf;fpukpj;J ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf ,th;fs;

,d;Ndhu; gpur;ridfSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;J ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. aho;Flh ehl;by; kPdtf;; ,d;Ndhu; gpur;ridfSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;J ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. aho;Flh ehl;by; kPdtf;;

FLk;gq;fis ghjpj;jpUf;Fk; ,g;gpur;ridia jPh;g;gjw;F jhq;fs; VjhtJ Kaw;rp FLk;gq;fis ghjpj;jpUf;Fk; ,g;gpur;ridia jPh;g;gjw;F jhq;fs; VjhtJ Kaw;rp

nra;fpd;wPh;fsh? nra;fpd;wPh;fsh?

jkpo; ehl;L kPdth;fs; rl;ltpNuhjkhf kPd;gpbj; njhopypy; <LgLfpd;wdh;. mth;fs;

gad;gLj;Jk; ghuk; $ba kPd;tiyfs; fly;tsj;ij mopf;fpd;wJ. vkJ kPdth;fspd;

cgfuzq;fis mopf;fpd;wdh;. ,U ehLfspd; murhq;fq;fSk; ,J tiuapy;

,t;tplak; njhlh;gpy; Mokhf nraw;gltpy;iy. cjtp NfhUk; ve;j xU re;jh;g;gj;jpYk;

flw;gilapdh; vkJ kPdth;fspd; cjtpf;F tUthh;fs;.

www.na on.lk mDruiz



tl khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; 2013

K];ypk; kf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fs;

MMfMfMffff]]]]]];];];];];]]l;l;l; -- nnnnnrgrg;;nnllkkk;gggu;u;u;u 2222200010113333

Phot

o so

urce

: w

ww

.cnn

.com

Nguhrpupau; `p];Gy;yh Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf; fofk;

rkPgj;jpy; eilngwTs;s khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; r%fj;jpy; ngUk; tpthjnkhd;iw

Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld; mjd; kPJ K];ypk; kf;fsplj;jpYk; ghupasT vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Nju;jypd; xU gpujp tpisthf kf;fs; jdJ mtjhdj;ijr;

nrYj;Jfpd;w tplaq;fs; kw;Wk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fs; vd;gd VNjh xU khw;wj;jpw;Fl;gl;L

tUtjidf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. r%fq;fSf;fpilNaAk; r%fq;fSf;Fs;NsAk;

epyTfpd;w vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fspYk; VNjh xU khw;wk; epfo;e;Js;sd. eilngwTs;s khfhz

rigj;Nju;jy; njhlu;ghf K];ypk; kf;fs; ftdQ; nrYj;Jfpd;w tplaq;fs; kw;Wk;

vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fs; vd;gd njhlu;ghd rpy tplaq;fs; gw;wp Nehf;Fjy; ,r;rpwpa Fwpg;gpd;

Nehf;fkhFk;.

tlf;F K];ypk; r%fk; kj;jpapYk; Vida r%fq;fisg; Nghd;Nw eilngwTs;s

Nju;jy; njhlu;ghf xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuzhd fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fs;

vd;gd epyTtijf; fhzf; $bajhAs;sJ. Fwpj;j mtjhdpg;Gf;fis cWjp

nra;jYld; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fk; ,f;Fwpg;G %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. tlf;fpy;

thOk; K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; gpd;dzp njhlu;ghd tplaq;fs; gw;wp Nehf;FtJ

,t;thwhd xU tpsf;fj;jpd; NghJ kpf mj;jpahtrpakhFk; vz;zpf;if uPjpahfTk;

tpfpjhrhu uPjpahfTk; K];ypk; kf;fs; tlf;fp Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT fhzg;gltpy;iy.

MapDk;> K];ypk;fs; jkpo; kf;fis Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;l tlf;fpd; KjyhtJ

rpWghd;ik ,dj;jtuhtu;. mt;thNw tlf;fpy; thOk; rpq;fs kf;fisg; Nghy; md;wp

K];ypk; kf;fs; $l;lhf gfpu;e;Jnfhs;Sk; xU rpy Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fs; tlf;fpy;

thOk; jkpo; kf;fsplj;jpYk; fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;. xNu nkhopapid fijj;J

xNu tpjkhd nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;L NkYk; gy fyhrhug; gz;Gfis

gupkhupf;nfhs;tjD}lhf K];ypk; kf;fs; jkpo; kf;fSld; xl;b cwthb tlf;fpy;

tho;e;J tUtjidf; fhzf;$bajhfTs;sJ. midtUk; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l

FbapUg;gpypUe;J

FbapUg;gpw;Fg; Nghd;Nw

tlf;fpd; gpuNjrj;jpw;F

gpuNjrk; kw;Wk;

khtl;lj;jpypUe;J

khtl;lj;jpw;F K];ypk;

kf;fsJ mgpyhirfs;

xd;Wf;nfhd;W

KuzhditahFk;.



Njitfs; njhlu;gpy; jkJ

thf;fpidg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ

K];ypk; kf;fs; Mu;tkilaf;

$Lk;.

• ehshe;j NjitfSs; fhzpfis

,oe;Js;s kw;Wk; tPLfis

,oe;Js;s kf;fs; njhlu;ghf

fhzp kw;Wk; tPLfs; vd;gtw;wpd;

Njit kpf Kf;fpakhd xU

Njit vd tifg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s

KbAk;. K];ypk; kw;Wk; Vida

(jkpo;) ,dq;fSf;fpilNa

tlf;fpd; rpy ,lq;fspy; (c+ k; :

kd;dhu;) cUthfp tUfpd;w gjl;l

epiyikfs; njhlu;ghf K];ypk;

kf;fs; ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

• • FbapUg;gpypUe;J FbapUg;gpw;Fg; FbapUg;gpypUe;J FbapUg;gpw;Fg;

Nghd;Nw> tlf;fpd; gpuNjrj;jpw;F Nghd;Nw> tlf;fpd; gpuNjrj;jpw;F

gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; khtl;lj;jpypUe;J gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; khtl;lj;jpypUe;J

khtl;lj;jpw;F K];ypk; kf;fsJ khtl;lj;jpw;F K];ypk; kf;fsJ

mgpyhirfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W mgpyhirfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W

KuzhditahFk;. cjhuzkhf KuzhditahFk;. cjhuzkhf

aho;g;ghz K];ypk; kf;fs; aho;g;ghz K];ypk; kf;fs;

kpfTk; jPtpukhf jkpo; Njrpaf; kpfTk; jPtpukhf jkpo; Njrpaf;

$l;likg;G> <o kf;fs; [dehaff; $l;likg;G> <o kf;fs; [dehaff;

fl;rp cs;spl;l jkpo; muRf; fl;rp fl;rp cs;spl;l jkpo; muRf; fl;rp

vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jq;fpAs;s xU vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jq;fpAs;s xU

epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

K];ypk; murpay; fl;rpfs; kw;Wk;

mjd; jiytu;fis tplTk;

nghJthf Fwpj;j murpay; fl;rpfs;

jkJ tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fis

epiwNtw;Wthu;fs; vd;W K];ypk;

kf;fs; rpe;jpg;gjhfj; njupfpwJ.

• td;dp khtl;l K];ypk;

kf;fs; (kd;dhu;> tTdpah>

Ky;iyj; jPT) kpfj; jPtpukhf

uprhl; gJu;jPd; mikr;ru; kPJ

jq;fpapUf;Fk; xU epiyik

fhzg;gLfpwJ. mg;gpuNjr K];ypk;

kf;fspd; ehshe;j NjitfSs;

Fwpg;gpl;lsT nray; uPjpahf

mtNu epiwNtw;WtJ ,jw;fhd

fhuzkhff; fhl;l KbAk;.

• vz;zpf;if uPjpahf kpff;

Fiwthd vz;zpf;ifahd

K];ypk; murpay;thjpfs; jk;ik

Gwf;fzpj;Js;sjhf fpspnehr;rp

kw;Wk; aho;g;ghz khtl;lq;fspy;

FbapUf;Fk; K];ypk; kf;fs;

kj;jpapy; xU tpj czu;T

epyTtij ,q;F Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

NghJk; mJ xt;nthUtiuAk; ghjpj;Js;s tpjk; xUtUf;nfhUtu; khWgl;ljhFk;.

Aj;jj;jpd; vjpnuhspahf nghJthf jkpo; K];ypk; rpq;fsk; Mfpa %tpdq;fSk; kuzk;

- ,lk;ngau;jy; Mfpatw;iw vjpu;nfhz;lJld; mt;te;j gpuNjr uPjpahf Nehf;Fkplj;J

mjd; %yk; cUthfpAs;s Mjpf;fq;fspd; jd;ik kw;Wk; gupkhzk; vd;gd

khWglyhk;.

eilngwTs;s khfhz rigj; Nju;jy; gw;wpf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ

K];ypk; kf;fspd; xU rpy gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ ftdj;ij <u;j;Js;s

rpy tplaq;fs; vd;gd mtu;fSf;Nf cupj;jhditAk; Fwpj;j tpNrl jd;ikAk;

Vida r%fq;fspypUe;Jk; khWgl;litAkhFk; vd;gJ njspthd xU tplakhFk;.

,lk;ngau;e;j K];ypk; kf;fSs; ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhu; ,lk;ngau;e;jtu;fshfNt ,d;W

tiu tl khfhzj;jpw;F ntspNa tho;fpd;wdu;. kpff; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifahd

K];ypk; kf;fSs; xU gFjpapdu; (,lk;ngau;e;j nkhj;j K];ypk; kf;fs; Rkhu;

25% rjtPjj;jpdu;) kl;Lk; kPz;Lk; jkJ tPLfSf;Fj; jpUk;gpAs;sdu;. MapDk;

thf;fspg;gjw;Fj; jFjp ngw;w K];ypk; thf;fhsu;fspd; njhif NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l

vz;zpf;ifia tpl mjpfkhFk;. ,lk;ngau;e;j kf;fs; jhk; thOfpd;w gpuNjrj;jpy;

,Ue;jthNw thf;fshu;fshf jkJ thf;Ffis mspg;gjw;F ,k; Kiw elf;Fk; Nju;jypy;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkJ nkhj;j thf;Ffspd; vz;zpf;ifapid xd;W

Nru;j;jhYk; vz;zpf;if uPjpahf kpfTk; Fiwthd kl;lj;jpYs;s K];ypk; kf;fs;

tlf;fpw;F ntspNa ,Ue;J nfhz;L thf;fspf;fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gLtJ> mtu;fsJ

thf;F tq;fpapid XusTf;fhtJ mjpfupf;fr; nra;tjw;F fhuzkhaikAk;.

tlf;fpd; midj;J khtl;lq;fspypUe;Jk; kPs; FbNWtjw;fhf te;j rpy K];ypk; tlf;fpd; midj;J khtl;lq;fspypUe;Jk; kPs; FbNWtjw;fhf te;j rpy K];ypk;

egu;fis re;jpg;gJld; Fwpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghl;bapLk; mNgl;rfu;fSf;F thf;fspf;f egu;fis re;jpg;gJld; Fwpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghl;bapLk; mNgl;rfu;fSf;F thf;fspf;f

,k; Kiw mtu;fSf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; mtu;fs; $l;lhf xd;W ,k; Kiw mtu;fSf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; mtu;fs; $l;lhf xd;W

Nru;e;J jkJ thf;Ffisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;fshapd; kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; jkJ Nru;e;J jkJ thf;Ffisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;fshapd; kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; jkJ

gpujpepjpfs; rpyiuj; njupT nra;Ak; re;ju;g;gj;jpid K];ypk; kf;fs; cUthf;fpf; gpujpepjpfs; rpyiuj; njupT nra;Ak; re;ju;g;gj;jpid K];ypk; kf;fs; cUthf;fpf;

nfhs;syhk;.nfhs;syhk;. tlf;F K];ypk; kf;fs; murpay; fl;rp uPjpahf gpupe;J epw;gJld; Rkhu;

%d;W gpujhd murpay; fl;rpfs; K];ypk; mNgl;rfu;fis jkJ Ntl;G kDtpy;

cs;slf;fpAs;sdu;. Ie;J khtl;lq;fSs; %d;wpw;F = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];

jdJ mNgl;rfu;fis epWj;jpAs;sJld; MSq; fl;rp fpspnehr;rp khtl;lk; jtpu;e;j

Ie;J khtl;lq;fSs; ehd;fpw;F jdJ mNgl;rfu;fis epWj;jpAs;sJ. jkpo; Njrpaf;

$l;likg;Gk; kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; K];ypk; mNgl;rfu; xUtiu epWj;jpapUg;gJ

midtuJk; ftdj;ij <u;j;j xU tplkhFk;. khfhz rig Nju;jYf;fhf midj;J

murpay; fl;rpfSf;Fk; K];ypk; mNgl;rfu;fis Nju;jypy; epWj;Jtjw;fhd kpFe;j

Njit ,Ug;gNj ,jd; %yk; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; tlf;F K];ypk;

kf;fspd; mgpyhirfis epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ehk; vt;thwhd xU nraw;ghl;bid

gpd;gw;WtJ vd;gd gw;wp my;yJ ,zf;fk; njuptpf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghL ahit vd;gd

gw;wp ve;jnthU murpay; fl;rpAk; ,Jtiu vjidAk; ntspg;gLj;jtpy;iy. mjw;fika

,k;Kiw Nju;jypy; K];ypk; kf;fs; kpFe;j ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ vt;thW vd;gJ

gw;wpa rpy fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tplaq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

• tlf;F K];ypk; kf;fspilNa nghJthd mgpyhirfNs fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mtu;fSs; rpyu; kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUtjw;fhd cupik> ,oe;j tsq;fisAk;

nrhj;Jf;fisAk; kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F jkf;Fs;s cupik> ,duPjpahd

– kjuPjpahd kw;Wk; fyhrhu uPjpahd cupikfs; Nghd;w cupikfs; njhlu;ghf

ngUk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gld; ,Ug;gjhfj; njupfpwJ. Fwpj;j tplaq;fs; tlf;fpy; tjpAk;

K];ypk; kf;fisg; ghupastpy; ghjpf;Fk; tplaq;fs; vd;gjhy; mtu;fis

thf;fhsu;fshfTk; murpay; fl;rpfs; vd;w uPjpapYk; Nju;jy; fhyq;fspy; mt;

tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghd jkJ Fuy;fis vOg;Gthu;fs; vdf; fUjyhk;.

• jw;NghJ kPz;Lk; jkJ nrhe;j ,lq;fis Nehf;fp tUif je;Js;s K];ypk;

kf;fspd; ehshe;j Njitfs; kw;Wk; jdJ nrhe;j ,lq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;Gtjw;F

,aYkhd tpNrlkhf tlf;fpy; thf;fspg;gJ jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;s egu;fspd;



rP.tpf;Nd];tud;jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;gpd;

Kjyikr;ru; Ntl;ghsu;

gjpd;%d;Wk; ePf;fg;gl;lhy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vJTNk kpQ;rhJ

eilngwTs;s tl khfhzrigj; eilngwTs;s tl khfhzrigj;

Njh;jypy; jkpo;Njrpa $l;likg;G Njh;jypy; jkpo;Njrpa $l;likg;G

Kjyikr;rh; Ntl;ghsuhf Kjyikr;rh; Ntl;ghsuhf

Kd;nkhopj;jpUg;gjid vt;thW Kd;nkhopj;jpUg;gjid vt;thW

ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;?

njhlf;fj;jpy; vdf;F mt;tsT tpUg;gk;

,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; mJ vd;dhy;

epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;ba NkYnkhU r%fg;

nghWg;ngd;W vdJ neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs;

gyUk;> vdJ khzhf;fh;fSk;> Vida

eyd; tpUk;gpfSk; vd;dplk; typAWj;jp

Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhu;fs;. jkpo; Njrpa

Kjyikr;rh; Ntl;ghsuhf njhpTnra;ag;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;gNj mjd;NghJ vdJ

epiyg;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. Vida Ie;J

gq;fhspf;fl;rpfSk; Vfkdjhf jkpo; Njrpa

$l;likg;gpd; jiyikapdhy; jkpo;Njrpa

$l;likg;gpd; nghJ Kjyikr;rh;

Ntl;ghsuhf njhpT nra;ag;gl;Nld;.

mth;fsJ VNfhgpj;j fUj;Jf;F kjpg;gspj;J

ehd; Kjyikr;ru; Ntl;ghsuhf Kd;tu

Ntz;b te;jJ.

jkpo; r%fj;jpd; kpfTk; jkpo; r%fj;jpd; kpfTk;

ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd FLk;gq;fSf;Fs;s ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd FLk;gq;fSf;Fs;s

gpur;ridfis jPh;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; gpur;ridfis jPh;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;

vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf muR vg;NghJk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf muR vg;NghJk;

$wpdhYk;> vjph;f;fl;rpapYs;s murpay; $wpdhYk;> vjph;f;fl;rpapYs;s murpay;

fl;rpfs; cz;ik mJty;y vd fl;rpfs; cz;ik mJty;y vd

njhlh;r;rpahf $wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. njhlh;r;rpahf $wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

tlf;F jkpo; kf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpg; tlf;F jkpo; kf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpg;

Nghl;bapLk; Kjd;ikahd Ntl;ghsh; Nghl;bapLk; Kjd;ikahd Ntl;ghsh;

vd;w hPjpapy; kpfTk; Kd;Dhpik vd;w hPjpapy; kpfTk; Kd;Dhpik

toq;fg;glNtz;Lnkd ePq;fs; fUJk; mk; toq;fg;glNtz;Lnkd ePq;fs; fUJk; mk;

kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; vit?kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; vit?

tlf;fpy; jw;NghJs;s epiyik

njhlh;gpy; ftdpf;Fk;NghJ ,og;G kPsspg;G

(Vw;gl;l jtWfis jpUj;Jtjw;;fhf

Gdh;tho;T> Gduikg;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp

Nghd;w tplaq;fs;) nraw;ghl;Lf;F

Kd;Dhpik toq;fNtz;Lnkd ek;GfpNwd;. murhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg; gl;LtUk; gy;NtW

tpjkhd mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; tlf;F jkpo; kf;fis njhlh;r;rpahf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shf;fp

,Jtiu jPh;f;fg;glhj gpur;ridfSf;F gjpyspf;fhky; mKy; gLj;jg;gLtjhfNt njhpfpwJ.

kf;fs; kPz;Lk; vOe;Jepw;gjw;F ve;jnthU topiaAk; tpl;Litf;fhky; mth;fsJ

tPLfs;> njhopy;Jiwfs; Nghd;wit ,y;yhky; NghAs;sd. ,Ug;gpDk; fijg;gjw;Fk;.

jPh;g;gjw;f;Fk; nfhQ;rk; nfhe;jspg;ghd kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd gpur;ridahdJ $Ljyhf

,uhZtk; jhpj;jpUf;Fk; gpur;ridahFk;. 20 tiuapyhd ,uhZt gilg;gphpTfspy; 15-

20 gilg;gphpTfs; tlf;fpy; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJld; mth;fshy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd Vf;fh;

fhzp ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpy fhzpfspy; tlf;Ff;F ntspapypUe;J nfhz;Lte;J kPs

FbNaw;wg;gl;Ls;s FLk;gq;fs; gaph;r;nra;ifapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld;> mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpfs;

(tpisnghUl;fs;) mf;fhzpfspd; cz;ikahd rl;lG+h;t chpikahsh;fSf;F tpw;gid

nra;ag;gLk; epiyikNa mq;Fs;sJ.

fhzp ifafg;gLj;Jk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhzp ifag;gLj;jg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUg;gJld; mt;thW

ifag;gLj;jg;gLk; fhzpfs;> nrhj;Jf;fspd; cz;ikahd chpikahsh;fs; Kfhk;fspNyh>

cwtpdh;> ez;gh;fspd; tPLfspNyh jiyf;F $iuapd;wp eide;J nfhz;Nlh ,Uf;Fk;NghJ>



Mdhy; jw;NghJ tlf;F>

fpof;F kf;fis jkJ

jha;nkhopapypUe;J

rpq;fs nkhopf;F khWkhW

murhq;fk; mOj;jk;

nfhLf;fpd;wJ. midj;J

njhlh;ghly;fSk; rpq;fsj;jpy;

Nkw;nfhs;sfg;gLfpd;wd.

mt;thW ,y;iyahapd;

me;j mwptpj;jy;fis

kPz;Lk; jkpo; nkhopapy;

jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghyP];

epiyaj;jpy; thf;F%yk;

nfhLg;gJ$l rpq;fsj;jpNyNa

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. 90%

jj;jpw;Fk; $Ljyhd kf;fs;

jkpo;nkhop NgRk; gpuNjrq;fspy;

mt;thW gyte;jg;gLj;Jjy;

epahakhdjh? rpw;rpy

khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;lhYk;

ikag; gpur;rid mg;gbNa

,Uf;fpwJ.

mt;thW kpfTk; FWfpa mwptpj;jypy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf vdJ ez;guhd

jw;NghJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; trpf;Fk; kUj;JtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tPnlhd;W ,Ue;jJ. mJ 15

Mz;Lfs; mstpy; nghyPrhuhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd;dh; nghyPrhh;

mt;tPl;il iftpl;L ntspNawpaTld;> me;j tPL ,uhZtj;jpduhy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sjhf

mt;tPl;by; mwptpj;jy; xl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdJ ez;gh; kPz;Lk; ,yq;iff;F te;J jdJ

guk;giu tPl;by; jdJ filrpf; fhyj;ij fopg;gjw;f;Fj; jpl;lkpl;bUe;jhh;. Mdhy;> kPz;Lk;

jdJ nrhj;jpd; chpikia ep&gpg;gjw;F rl;lj;jpd; cjtpiaf; NfhuNtz;ba epiy

mtUf;F Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

Clfq;fs; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpYk;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Rl;bf;fhl;lba NghjpYk; fhzhky; Clfq;fs; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpYk;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Rl;bf;fhl;lba NghjpYk; fhzhky;

NghNdhh; kw;Wk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; gpur;rid ,d;Wtiu NghNdhh; kw;Wk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; gpur;rid ,d;Wtiu

jPh;f;fg;glhj kpfNkhrkhd gpur;ridahf khwpAs;sJ. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd me;j ,isQh;fspd; jPh;f;fg;glhj kpfNkhrkhd gpur;ridahf khwpAs;sJ. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd me;j ,isQh;fspd;

ngw;Nwhh;fs; jkJ gps;isfs; vq;fpUf;fpwhh;fs; vdj; Njb miyfpd;wdh;. ,g;gpur;rid ngw;Nwhh;fs; jkJ gps;isfs; vq;fpUf;fpwhh;fs; vdj; Njb miyfpd;wdh;. ,g;gpur;rid

njhlh;ghf cq;fsJ mtjhdpg;G vd;d?njhlh;ghf cq;fsJ mtjhdpg;G vd;d?

,J gjpyspf;ff; nfhQ;rk; rpukkhd Nfs;tp. ,Ug;gpDk; ,t;thW fhzhkw;Nghd {

jLj;Jitf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,isQh;fspd; mwpf;if njhlh;ghf jw;Nghija rl;lkh mjpgiu

re;jpg;gjw;Fk; fijg;gjw;Fk; ePjpkd;wpd; Kd;dhs; cWg;gpdh; vd;w hPjpapy; rpy Ntis vdf;F

tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk;. mt;thNw vdf;F cjTtjw;F mtuhYk; KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;> vtUk;

mt;thW mtUld; (rl;lkh mjpgh;) ,ize;J nraw;gltpy;iy vdj; njhpfpwJ.

fhzhky; Nghd egh;fs; capUld; ,Uf;fpd;wduh? ,we;Jtpl;lduh vd

cWjpg;gLj;jKbahj vf;neyp nfhltpd; rk;gtk; Nghd;w epiyapYs;s gy rk;gtq;fs;

mq;Fs;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,t;thW fhzhky; NghNdhh; vq;fpUf;fpd;wdh; vd

fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf VjhtJ $l;LKaw;rp vLg;gJ Nghd;Nw VjhtnjhU mikg;ig cUthf;fp

jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;Nshhpd; tpguq;fs; mlq;fpa juTfs; Nrfhpg;gjw;F mt;thwhd Kaw;rp

vLf;fg;gl;lhy; mjw;fhf VjhtJ nra;af;$ba epiyNa cs;sJ. mt;thwhd gzpapy; <Lgl;L

Fiwe;jJ 50- 100 msthd jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;NshiuahtJ tpLtpf;fKbAkhapd; mJ

cz;ikNyNa ngUk; nraw;ghlhFk;.

ve;jnthU Fw;wr;rhl;Nlh tof;F tprhuizNah ,y;yhky; ifjpfshf gy Mz;Lfs;

Ml;fs; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUg;gij ePjpgjpnad;w tifapy; jdpg;gl;lKiwapy;

ehdwpNad;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jkJ gpizg;gzk; 5000{- &ghit fl;lKbahky; 12-15

Mz;Lfs; ntypf;fil rpiwr;rhiyapy; jLj;Jitf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngz;izg;gw;wp vdf;Fj;

njhpAk;. rpiwr;rhiy mj;jpal;rfh;fs; mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf ghprPypj;J jkJ

cah; mjpfhhpfSf;F mwpf;if nra;thh;fshapd; mJNghd;w Jd;gpay; rk;gtq;fis

cz;ikapNyNa jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ehd; khtl;l ePjpgjpahf nraw;gl;lNghJ

vdJ rpiwr;rhiy mYtyh;fs; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;J ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F nfhz;LtUk;

midthpdJk; gl;baiyAk; mth;fsJ tof;FfSf;Fhpa tpguq;fs; njhlh;ghd

gjpNtl;ilAk; vd;dplk; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd $Wtjw;F gof;fg;gl;bUe;Njd;. rpy

re;jh;g;gq;fspy; tof;F njhlh;ghd mwpf;if ,y;iynad ehd; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;NghJ

rpiwr;rhiy mYtyh;fSld; fye;Jiuahb Fwpj;j egUf;F gpiz toq;Ftjw;F chpa

jPh;g;Gf;fis toq;FtjidNa nra;Njd;.

ve;jnthU tof;F tprhuizNah Fw;wr;rhl;Nlh ,d;wp rpiwg;gl;L ,t;thW Jd;;gg;gLk; ve;jnthU tof;F tprhuizNah Fw;wr;rhl;Nlh ,d;wp rpiwg;gl;L ,t;thW Jd;;gg;gLk;

jkpo; ifjpfs; njhlh;gpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; XusTf;F nghWg;Ngw;f ntz;Lnkd;wh jkpo; ifjpfs; njhlh;gpy; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; XusTf;F nghWg;Ngw;f ntz;Lnkd;wh

$WfpwPh;fs;?$WfpwPh;fs;?

,y;iy mth;fs; vtUk; Ntz;Lnkd;W nra;tjpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ftdkpd;ik>

myl;rpak; fhuzkhf Vw;glyhk;. ehk; ePjpr;Nritapy; gzpahw;wpaNghJ rpiw

itf;fg;gLgth;fs; njhlh;gpy; njhlh;r;rpahf rpwe;j ghprPypg;gpy; ,Ug;gjid gof;fkhff;

nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mJNghd;Nw mt;thwhd tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf rpiwr;rhiy mYtyh;fis

Cf;Ftpj;Njd;. vdJ gjtpf;fhyj;jpy; rpiwr;rhiyf;F nry;Yjy; rpiw itf;fg;gl;lth;fspd;

Fiwfisf; Nfl;ly; Nghd;wtw;iw tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mt;thwhd Kidg;Gf@

lhf mth;fsJ gpur;ridfisj; jPh;g;gjw;F vk;khy; cjtKbe;jJ. rpy ePjpgjpfs; kpf ed;whf

nraw;gl;L mJNghd;w tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf mf;fiw fhl;ba NghjpYk; ePjpkd;wf; fl;likg;gpy;

cs;s ngUksthNdhUf;F rpwe;j njspT jw;NghJ ,y;iynadj; njhpfpwJ. mth;fis

(ifjpfs;) ghJfhg;gjw;F ve;jnthU ePjpgjpf;Fk; ey;y ,jak; ,Ug;gJ ,d;wpaikahjJ.



,dg; gpur;ridf;Fj; jPh;thf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W jPh;Tf;F nry;tnjd ,dg; gpur;ridf;Fj; jPh;thf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W jPh;Tf;F nry;tnjd

Nghh; ele;jNghJk; > Nghh; Kbtile;jTlDk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij Nghh; ele;jNghJk; > Nghh; Kbtile;jTlDk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;ij

nraypof;fr; nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhtjhf njhpfpwJ. ,e;j epiyikia ePq;fs; vt;thW nraypof;fr; nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhtjhf njhpfpwJ. ,e;j epiyikia ePq;fs; vt;thW

Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwPh;fs;? mJ ,e;jpah ,yq;if kPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ vd cq;fSf;F Ghpe;J nfhs;fpwPh;fs;? mJ ,e;jpah ,yq;if kPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ vd cq;fSf;F

Njhd;Wfpwjh?Njhd;Wfpwjh?

mjid ,e;jpah ,yq;ifkPJ gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ vDk; fUj;ij ehd;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. Vndd;why; ,e;jpah ,yq;if xg;ge;ejj;jpd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd;

mjpfhug;gfph;T gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fhz;gjw;fhf ,e;jpah <Lgl;l Ntisapy; cz;ikapNyNa

13 tJ jpUj;j rl;l tiuG N[.Mh;. [ath;jd eph;thfj;jpdhNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fhz;gjw;fhf Fwpg;ghf tlf;F fpof;Ff;Fhpa tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy;

,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpD}lhd mOj;jj;jpdhNyNa 13 tJ jpUj;jk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; me;j tpA+fj;Jf;F gjpyhf ehl;bd; Vida khfhzq;fspy; mJ mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

kpfTk; tpthjpf;fg;gl;l #oypy; elhj;jg;gl;l khfhz rigj; Njh;jy;fistpl ,e;j

murpayikg;G NkYk; Kd;nfhz;L nry;yg;gltpy;iy.

,d;WtiuAk; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpD}lhf khfhz rigfSf;F fpilf;fNtz;ba

mjpfhuk; njhlh;gpy; njw;fpYs;s khfhz rigfs; mf;fiwNaJk; fhl;ltpy;iy. jdpj;jdp

egh;fshf mjpfhuj;jpy; jpisg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mjpfhuj;ij kj;jpapy; itj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gjh

,y;iyah vd;gNj Nfs;tpahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. fPo;kl;lj;jpy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; gpur;irdfs;

mth;fSf;F kpftk; ,yFthdjhfj; njhpAk;.

tlf;fpy; nkhopapy; njhlq;fp tho;tpay; Kiw gz;ghL Nghd;wit XusTf;F

NtWghlhdJ. vd;gjdhy; mjpfhuk; fPo;kl;lj;jpy; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;l eph;thf mikg;G

me;j kf;fspd; gpur;ridfSf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjw;F Njitahdjhf cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd

gpur;ridfis fLikahf mlf;Ftjd; %yk; gpur;rid NkYk; jPtpukilAk; vd;gjid

cz;ikapNyNa murhq;fk; ,q;F Ghpe;J nfhs;sNtz;ba tplakhFk;. Vndd;why;

jw;NghJ epyTk; td;Kiwfs; njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lhy; ,d;DnkhU

MAjg;Nghuhl;lk; Vw;gLtjid jLf;fKbahky; NghFk;. ,jdhy; ,U ,dq;fSf;Fkpilapy;

gu];gu ek;gpf;ifia cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf ehd; fUJfpNwd;. jiyth;fs;

vd;w hPjpapy; VjhtnjhU jPh;it ek;gpf;if mbg;gilapy; Kd;itf;f Kbe;jpUe;jhy;

vjph;fhyk; gw;wp vk;khy; rpe;jpf;fKbAk;.

VjhtnjhU Nghh; kPz;Lk; Vw;gl;lhy; murpd;kPJ mDjhgk; Vw;glhJ vd;gJk;

Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;ba NkYnkhU tplakhFk;.

jkpo; kf;fspd; eyd; njhlh;gpy; eltbf;if vLg;gJ njhlh;ghf Fwpg;gpl;Nl muR

,e;jpahtplKk; rh;tNjr r%fj;jplKk; Nghiu Kbg;gjw;F cjtp NfhhpaJ. Mdhy;

,d;Wtiuf;Fk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhjpUg;gJk; mJNt. rpyNtis ehd; jtwhfTk;

,Uf;fyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; muR fLk; Nghf;fhsh;fSld; ,zq;fp nraw;gLtjhf ehd;

epidf;fpNwd;. mth;fs; 13 tJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F vjpuhf Fw;wk; rhl;bf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;

NghJ jkpo; kf;fs; mjid vjph;j;J epyik Nkhrkhdhy; muR kpfTk; ,yFthf 13

,y; ngUk;ghyhd Fiwfs; ,Ug;gjhff; $wp jkJ iffisf; fOtpf;nfhs;sKbAk;.

epiwNtw;W mjpfhuKilatuhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s MSdhpd; xj;Jiog;gpd;wp ve;jnthU

rl;lj;ijAk; epiwNtw;wKbahjpUg;gJ vjpu;Nehf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd rpf;fyhFk;. ,JNghd;w

tplaq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; 13 tJ jpUj;jk; gadw;wjhFk;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mjidAk;

tpl;lhy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vJTNk ,y;yhky; NghFk;. mjdhy;jhd; jkpo; $l;likg;G me;j

jiyg;gpd;fPo; Nghl;bapLfpwJ. ,Jtiuf;Fk; tlf;fpy; ve;jnthU [dehaf epWtdKk;

,y;yhjpUg;gjdhy; mt;thwhd epWtdnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhf 13 tJ jpUj;jj;jpd;fPo;

,lkspf;FkhW NfhUtNj vdJ thjkhFk;. Mjd;gpd;dh; xypth; btp];l; (Oliver Twist) Nghd;W mjpfkhdtw;iw vk;khy; NfhuKbAk;. mjd;gb jkpo; kf;fs; Kfq;nfhLf;Fk;

gpur;ridfSf;F 13 tJ jpUj;jk; jPu;thFnkd ePq;fs; ek;gtpy;iyah?

13 tJ jpUj;jk; kl;Lk; NghJkhdjy;y ,Ug;gpDk; fPo; kl;lj;Jf;F $Ljy; mjpfhuk;

fpilf;f$bathW MSdUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tiuaiwaw;w mjpfhuj;ij Fiwg;gjd;

%yk; mjid VjhtnjhU Kiwapy; cUthf;fpnfhs;syhk;. MSdh; khfhz rigapd;

eltbf;iffspy; jiyaPL nra;tjpypUe;J tpyfpapupg;gjhf mz;ikapy; gj;jphpifnahd;wpy;

thrpj;Njd;. Mdhy; MSdh; khfhzrig mikf;fg;gl;l gpd;dUk; $l mYtyh;fs; mtuJ

MNyhridfSf;fika nraw;glNtz;Lnkdf; $wpAs;shh;.

mjid ,e;jpah ,yq;ifkPJ

gyte;jkhf jpzpj;jJ

vDk; fUj;ij ehd;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy.

Vndd;why; ,e;jpah

,yq;if xg;ge;ejj;jpd; %yk;

,yq;ifapd; mjpfhug;gfph;T

gpur;ridf;F jPh;T

fhz;gjw;fhf ,e;jpah <Lgl;l

Ntisapy; cz;ikapNyNa 13

tJ jpUj;j rl;l tiuG N[.Mh;.

[ath;jd eph;thfj;jpdhNyNa

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.



jkpo; kf;fspd; eyd;

njhlh;gpy; eltbf;if vLg;gJ

njhlh;ghf Fwpg;gpl;Nl muR

,e;jpahtplKk; rh;tNjr

r%fj;jplKk; Nghiu

Kbg;gjw;F cjtp NfhhpaJ.

Mdhy; ,d;Wtiuf;Fk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhjpUg;gJk;

mJNt. rpyNtis ehd;

jtwhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

,Ug;gpDk; muR fLk;

Nghf;fhsh;fSld; ,zq;fp

nraw;gLtjhf ehd;

epidf;fpNwd;.

gpwUld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; mDgtk; ,y;yhj VidNahhplj;jpy; nefpo;Tj;jd;ik

,y;yhj ,uhZt mYtyh;fs; rptpy; eph;thfpfshf epakpf;fg;gLk;NghJ ,JNghd;w rpf;fNy

Vw;gLk;.

mjw;Fk; Nkyhf Jujp];ltrkhf muR NkYk; NkYk; mjpfhuj;ij ikag;gLj;Jtjw;F

Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ.

mjw;F kpfr;rpwe;j cjhuzk; 18 tJ jpUj;jkhFk;. mjpfhuj;ij xNu ,lj;jpy;

Ftpg;gjw;fhd murpd; tpUg;gk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

,t;thwhd epyikapy; VjhtJ Kf;fakhd khw;wk; Vw;gLnkd vjph;ghh;f;f KbahJ.

,Ug;gpDk; NghJkhdsT mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;jspf;Fk; rpwpa mstpy; jpUj;jk; nra;af;$ba

MtzNk mJ. ,jw;f;fhf khfhz rigfs;> ,e;jpah> ,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa muR Mfpait

,ize;J nraw;gLtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

13MtJ jpUj;jj;ij ,uj;J nra;aNtz;Lnkd vjph;g;Nghh; $Wk; ,d;ndhU tplak; 13MtJ jpUj;jj;ij ,uj;J nra;aNtz;Lnkd vjph;g;Nghh; $Wk; ,d;ndhU tplak;

murpayikg;G hPjpahf mjDs; ngWkjp ,y;iy vd;gjhFk;. mJTk; ,y;iyahapd; murpayikg;G hPjpahf mjDs; ngWkjp ,y;iy vd;gjhFk;. mJTk; ,y;iyahapd;

chpathW kf;fs; fUj;jwpag;glhik kw;Wk; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if cld;gbf;iff;fika ,e;jpah chpathW kf;fs; fUj;jwpag;glhik kw;Wk; ,e;jpa - ,yq;if cld;gbf;iff;fika ,e;jpah

jdJ gq;fpid chpathW epiwNtw;wg;glhik me;j tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; cq;fsJ fUj;J jdJ gq;fpid chpathW epiwNtw;wg;glhik me;j tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; cq;fsJ fUj;J

vd;d? vd;d?

mJ tlf;F> fpof;F Mfpa khfhzq;fSf;FhpaJ vd;gjdhy; fUj;jwpAk; thf;nfLg;G

elhj;jNtz;ba Njitapy;iy. mt;thNw cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ,e;j ,uz;L khfhzq;fisAk;

kPz;Lk; gphpg;gjw;f;F jPh;g;G toq;fpajdhy; me;j thjk; njhlh;e;Jk; tYthdjhf ,Uf;fhJ.

mj;Jld; ,e;jpah jdJ nghWg;ig kPwpajhf Fw;wk; rhl;LtJ ntw;W gpjw;wy; kl;LNk.

Vndd;why; mjidj;jhd; mth;fs; 2009 ,y; epiwNtw;wpdhh;fs;. rh;tNjr r%fj;jpd;>

tpNrlkhf ,e;jpahtpd; xj;Jiog;G fpilj;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy; mt;tsT ,yFthf jkpoPo

tpLjiyg; Gypfis Njhw;fbf;Fk; tha;g;G fpilj;jpUf;Fnkd epidg;gJ rpukk;. 1980

jrhg;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah jdJ gq;fpid epiwNtw;w KbahJ NghdhYk; 2009,y; mth;fs;

,yq;if muRf;F cjtpdhh;fs;. ,yq;if> ,e;jpahTf;fpilapy; rh;tNjr kl;lj;jpy;

ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l cld;gbf;ifia ,yFthf xJf;fptplf;$ba epyik ,Ug;gjhf ehd;

fUjtpy;iy. mt;thwhd cld;gbf;if njhlh;ghf ,e;jpahtpd; mq;fPfhukpd;wp mjid

Vfkdjhf ,uj;Jr;nra;ayhnkd ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy.

,yq;if Vfkdjhf nraw;gl;lhy; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tpisTfs; vit?,yq;if Vfkdjhf nraw;gl;lhy; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tpisTfs; vit?

mz;ikapy; ,q;F tUifje;j rptrq;fh; Nkddpd; tUif%yk; mJ ntspg;gl;lJ.

Vw;fdNt rpw;rpy neUf;fbfSf;F cl;gl;Ls;s ehnld;w hPjpapy; vkJ ek;gfj;jd;ikf;F

mjd;%yk; ghuJ}ukhd ghjpg;G Vw;glyhk;. ,e;j murpd; jiyth; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;thf

13+ toq;Ftjhf KO cyFf;Fk; mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;. Mdhy;> jw;NghJ mJ 13 tiu jho;e;J

NghAs;sJ. rpy kdpjh;fis cq;fshy; vg;NghJk; Vkhw;w KbAk;. Mdhy; rpyiu mt;thW

Vkhw;WtJ rpukk;. ,Ug;gpDk; vy;NyhiuAk; vg;NghJk; Vkhw;w KbahJ.

1987,y; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;W tlf;F fpof;F Nrh;e;jpUg;gJ njhlh;gpy; ePq;fs; vd;d 1987,y; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;W tlf;F fpof;F Nrh;e;jpUg;gJ njhlh;gpy; ePq;fs; vd;d

epidf;fpwPh;fs;? tlf;F kf;fSf;F $Ljyhd ed;ikfs; ,ize;jpUg;gjd; %ykh? epidf;fpwPh;fs;? tlf;F kf;fSf;F $Ljyhd ed;ikfs; ,ize;jpUg;gjd; %ykh?

jdpj;jdpahf eph;tfpf;fg;gLtjd; Clhfth fpl;Lk;?jdpj;jdpahf eph;tfpf;fg;gLtjd; Clhfth fpl;Lk;?

khfhzq;fs; ,uz;Lk; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vDk; fUj;jpNyNa ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;.

Gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Nehf;fkhdJ tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; gpur;ridia

jPh;g;gjhFk;. 1987 khfhz rig Kiw njhlh;ghd mwpKfj;Jf;fika ,uz;L

khfhzq;fspYk; jkpo; kf;fs; thOk; Xh; gpujhd nghJ nkhop khfhzq;fs; ,uz;Lk;

Nrh;f;fg;gLtjhf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; fpof;fpYs;s K];ypk; kf;fs; jkpo; ngUk;ghd;ikahy; Vw;glf;$ba

rpy tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; ftiyaile;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy; mit jw;NghJ jPh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,q;Nf jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk; tplak; vd;dntd;why; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; jdpahd

nkhop gad;gLj;jg;gLjy;> jdpahd gz;ghl;Lld; tho;e;J tUjy; kw;Wk; murpay; hPjpahff;

$l ehl;bd; Vida khfhzq;fis tplTk; jdpj;Jtkhdjhf ,Uj;jy;. mjw;f;fika

mt;thwhd re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jkJ eltbf;iffis jkJ nkhopapy; Nkw; nfhs;tjw;fhf

VjhtnjhU Ml;rpajpfhuk; mth;fSf;F fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thnwdpd; ,U



1980 jrhg;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah

jdJ gq;fpid epiwNtw;w

KbahJ NghdhYk; 2009,y;

mth;fs; ,yq;if muRf;F

cjtpdhh;fs;. ,yq;if>

,e;jpahTf;fpilapy; rh;tNjr

kl;lj;jpy; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l

cld;gbf;ifia ,yFthf

xJf;fptplf;$ba

epyik ,Ug;gjhf ehd;

fUjtpy;iy. mt;thwhd

cld;gbf;if njhlh;ghf

,e;jpahtpd; mq;fPfhukpd;wp

mjid Vfkdjhf

,uj;Jr;nra;ayhnkd ehd;

epidf;ftpy;iy.

khfhzq;fspYk; thOk; kf;fs; jkJ nghJ nkhopia fw;gjid tlf;fpy; thOk; rpq;fs

kf;fs; vtUk; vjph;f;f khl;lhh;fs; mt;thNw me;j khfhzq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; jkJ nghJ

nkhopia fw;gjw;f;fhd chpikia Vd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sKbahJ? ehd; rpW gps;isahf

,Ue;jNghJ vk;iktplTk; ed;whf jkpo; cr;rhpf;Fk; mg;GfhkpaplkpUe;J ghz; thq;Ftjw;F

gofpapUe;Njd;. ehd; rpq;fsj;jpy; fijf;Fk; NghJ jkpo; nkhopapy; fijf;Fk; mth; N[hrg;

guuh[rpq;fj;Jld; xd;whf Ntiy nra;tjhf mwpe;jpUe;Njd;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ tlf;F>

fpof;F kf;fis jkJ jha;nkhopapypUe;J rpq;fs nkhopf;F khWkhW murhq;fk; mOj;jk;

nfhLf;fpd;wJ. midj;J njhlh;ghly;fSk; rpq;fsj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sfg;gLfpd;wd. mt;thW

,y;iyahapd; me;j mwptpj;jy;fis kPz;Lk; jkpo; nkhopapy; jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghyP];

epiyaj;jpy; thf;F%yk; nfhLg;gJ$l rpq;fsj;jpNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. 90%

jj;jpw;Fk; $Ljyhd kf;fs; jkpo;nkhop NgRk; gpuNjrq;fspy; mt;thW gyte;jg;gLj;Jjy;

epahakhdjh? rpw;rpy khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;lhYk; ikag; gpur;rid mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpwJ.

ePq;fs; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;TfhZk;NghJ gu];gu ek;gpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ePq;fs; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F jPh;TfhZk;NghJ gu];gu ek;gpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Bh;fs;. Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd; njhlh;ghf ePq;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Bh;fs;. Mdhy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd;

gpujpepjpfshf nraw;gLtjhd Fw;wr;rhl;L kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;gLfpd;wJ. gu];gu ek;gpf;ifia gpujpepjpfshf nraw;gLtjhd Fw;wr;rhl;L kPz;Lk; vOg;gg;gLfpd;wJ. gu];gu ek;gpf;ifia

fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Nkw;nfhs;sKbankd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?fl;bnaOg;Gjy; Nkw;nfhs;sKbankd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?

gu];gu Ghpe;Jzh;T kw;Wk; fy;tp%ykhf ek;gpf;ifia fl;bnaOg;gyhnkd ehd;

cWjpahf ek;GfpNwd;.

jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G vg;NghJNk epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; xd;Wf;fhTk; rk\;bf;fhfTk;

Kd;dpw;gjid kwf;ff;$lhJ. mth;fs; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfisg; Nghd;W

nraw;gltpy;iy. jkpo; kf;fs; ,uz;lhk; ju Fbkf;fshf tifg;gLj;jYf;F kl;Lk;

tiuaWj;jy; nghJtho;f;iff;Fhpa chpikfspypUe;J nghJkf;fis xJf;fpitj;jy;

Nghd;w xNukhjphpahd gpur;ridfSf;fhf j.tp.Gypfisg;Nghd;Nw j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdUk;

jkJ vjph;g;igf; fhl;bdhh;fs;. ,t;thwhd gpur;ridfspy; jiyapLjy; epahakhdjhf

,Ue;jNghjpYk; mjw;fika j.Nj. $l;likg;gpdiu j.tp.Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfshf

Kj;jpiu Fj;Jtjw;Fk; mtw;iwg;gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. jkJ jiyth;fs; j.tp Gypfshy;

nfhy;yg;gl;lNghJ mth;fsJ njhpTf;F vJTNk ,y;yhj epiy. ,Ug;gpDk; j.tp. Gypfspd;

td;KiwfSf;F Kd;dhy; mth;fs; nksdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.muRk; NtW gy muRk; NtW gy

jug;Gf;fSk; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfisg;Nghd;W nraw;gLtjhff; $wKbAk;. Mdhy; jug;Gf;fSk; j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfisg;Nghd;W nraw;gLtjhff; $wKbAk;. Mdhy;

j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfnsd mth;fs; vg;gbf;$wyhk;. jw;NghJ ,y;yhj j.Nj.$l;likg;G j.tp.Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfnsd mth;fs; vg;gbf;$wyhk;. jw;NghJ ,y;yhj

xd;wpd; gpujpepjpahfNt Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wdh;.xd;wpd; gpujpepjpahfNt Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wdh;.

vjph;f;fl;rpfspd; murpay; nraw;ghLfSf;F murhq;fj;jpd; nghWikaw;w nfhs;if vjph;f;fl;rpfspd; murpay; nraw;ghLfSf;F murhq;fj;jpd; nghWikaw;w nfhs;if

njhlh;ghf vjph;f;fl;rpfs; vg;NghJk; Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;j epiyapy; Rje;jpukhd njhlh;ghf vjph;f;fl;rpfs; vg;NghJk; Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;j epiyapy; Rje;jpukhd

epahakhd Njh;jy; nrg;nuk;ghpy; elf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fKbAkh?epahakhd Njh;jy; nrg;nuk;ghpy; elf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fKbAkh?

,J jw;NghJ vkJ ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;s tplakhFk; . ntspehl;L Njh;jy;

fz;fhzpg;ghsh;fspd; tUiff;nfjpuhf murhq;fk; nraw;gLtJld; vdf;nfd;why;

Rje;jpukhd mikjpahd Njh;jy; elhj;Jtjw;fhd vkJ xNu vjph;ghh;g;Gk; epiwNtwhJ

vdj; njhpfpwJ.Njh;jy; MizahsUld; mz;ikapy; j.Nj.$l;likg;G cWg;gpdh;fs;

elhj;jpa fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy; gilapdiu Kfhk;fSf;Fs;

kl;Lg;gLj;J khW Miz ahshplk; Nfhhpf;if tpLj;jhh;fs;. mth; mjid epuhfhpj;jhh;.

mJ eilKiwf;F rhj;jpakw;wnjdf; $wpdhh;. mJNghd;w Nfhhpf;ifSf;F nghUj;jkhd

jPh;T toq;fKbahnjdpd; Njh;jy; Mizahsh; vd;w hPjpapy; mtuJ gzpg;nghWg;G vd;d?

mtUf;Fk; RNu];gpNukre;jpuDf;Fkpilapy; XusT thf;Fthjk; Vw;gLtjw;Fk; mJ

fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. Rje;jpukhd mikjpahd Njh;jy; elf;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;gJ njhlh;ghf

midtUk; ,Jgw;wp fw;gid nra;J ghh;f;fyhk;. ngUk;ghyhd Njh;jy; Kiwg;ghLfs;

njhlh;ghd tprhuizapy; ehd gq;Fgw;wpapUg;gjdhy; vjph;f;fl;rpapd; gyj;ij Fiwj;J

kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf mjpfhuj;jpYs;Nshh; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp vdf;F njhpAk;.

mjd;gb XusTf;fhtJ elhj;Jtjw;F topNaw;gLj;JtJ fl;lhakhdnjd $wpNa Mf

Ntz;Lk;.

mDruiz : nlapyp ept;]; nlapyp ept;];



khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; (kh.nfh.ep)> fle;j tpahof;fpoik> 2013 Mf];l; 1 Mk; jpfjp> Nky; khfhzj;jpd; fk;g`h

khtl;lj;jpd; ntypNtupa vDkplj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w Jaukhd rk;gtq;fis kpFe;j vr;rupf;ifAlDk; kw;Wk; ftiyNahLk; ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;fpwJ. Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,yq;ifapy; MAjk; jupf;fhj Fbkf;fs; vjpu;g;igj; njuptpg;gjw;fhd jq;fsJ [dehaf cupikia

mg;gpahrpf;ifapy; fz;zPu;g;Giff; Fz;Lfs; tPrg;gl;L> ghJfhg;Gg; gilfshy; Rlg;gl;L kw;Wk; nfhy;yg;gLtJk; ,J Kjy; jlitay;y:

2011 ,y; fl;Lehaf;ftpd; Vw;Wkjpr; nrad;Kiw tyaj;jpy; kw;Wk; 2012,y; rpyhgj;jpYk; KiwNa> 01 Fbkfd; tPjk; nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

mNjNghd;W> epfo;Tfs; njhlu;ghf nra;jp Nrfupf;Fk; Clfg; gzpahsu;fs; jhf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ cgfuzq;fs; ifg;gw;wg;gl;L>

Nrjkhf;fg;gl;L my;yJ mbj;J nehWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ntypNtupatpy; ,we;jtu; vz;zpf;if jw;nghOJ 03 Mf gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld;>

NkYk; gyu; fhakile;Js;sdu;.

MAjk; jupf;fhj Fbkf;fs; – mJTk; ntypNtupa rk;gtj;jpy;> vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Neubahf rk;ge;jg;glhjjhf mwptpf;fg;gLk; ,uz;L

,sk; khztu;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;l> ,e;j rk;gtq;fs; – vkJ ehl;by; rl;lj;jpdhl;rp Fiye;J NghAs;sjpdJk; kw;Wk; kpf Kf;fpakhf> mjd;

Fbkf;fshy; [d ehaf cupikfspd; mg;gpahrpj;jy; njhlu;ghf murhq;fj;jpDila kdg; ghq;fpd; Nrhfkhd kw;Wk; ntl;ffukhdJkhd

epidT+l;ly;fshf mikfpd;wd. murpayikg;G kw;Wk; rl;lf; fl;likg;G vd;gtw;iw Kw;wpYkhf cjhrPdk; nra;J rptpy; mjpfhuj;Jf;F

cjtpahf MAjg;gilfis rl;lG+u;tkhf miof;fpd;w re;ju;g;gq;fspd; R+oikTfspy;> murhq;fj;jpdhy; rl;lj;jpdhl;rp kw;Wk; rl;lk; kw;Wk;

xOq;ifg; NgZjy; njhlu;gpy; jPtpukhd kw;Wk; mbg;gilahd Nfs;tpfs; Kd;ndOfpd;wd. ,e;j rl;lj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd nraw;gug;gpy;>

nraw;wpwdpd;ik my;yJ NtWtifapyhd VJk; fhuzj;jpd; Ngupy;> rl;lj;Jf;Fk; xOq;Ff;Fkhd mjd; nghWg;Gfisf; iftpl;L>

kw;Wk; tpNrl gilfs; kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;ij miog;gJ nghyprhUf;F ,g;nghOJ xU toikahd nray;KiwuPjpahd eilKiwah?

mj;jifanjhU epiyikapy; ,uhZtj;Jf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lisfs; vd;d? ep[khd Jg;ghf;fp uitfs; kw;Wk; Fz;Lfisg;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;fh? RLtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Rl;Lf;nfhy;tjw;Fkh? cz;ikapy;> ,e;jf; fl;lisfis toq;FtJ ahu;? ,tw;Wf;fhd

nghWg;Gfis ahu; vLg;gJ? fl;lisf;fhd nraw;ghl;LuPjpapyhd njhlnuhOq;F vd;d kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F gjpyspg;gJ ahu;? Xu;

jilaw;w ePjpr; nrad;Kiwf;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; vd;d?

,uhZtj;jpd; Gjpa jsgjp gjtpNaw;w Kjy; ehspNyNa fz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ,r;rk;gtk; epfo;e;Js;sJld;> ,J njhlu;ghf Xu; cs;sf

tprhuizf;F mtuhy; cj;jutplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;NjhL> Xu; nghyp]; tprhuizAk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if kdpj cupikfs;

Mizf; FOTk; $l Xu; tprhuizia Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fSf;F NkYk; ,Of;ifr; Nru;f;Fk; tifapy;> murhq;fj;jpd;

Ngr;rhsu;fs; rk;gtj;jpy; ntspehl;Lr; rf;jpfspd; rk;ge;jk; cs;sjhfTk;> murpay; fl;rpfshy; td;Kiwfs; mDruid mspf;fg;gLtjhfTk;

Fw;wk; rhl;baJld;> rk;gtq;fSf;F Clfq;fisAk; $l nghWg;Gf; $wpdu;. kf;fisf; fhg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mtu;fisf; nfhd;wspf;Fk;

xd;whf ,yq;if muR tpiuthf khwp tUtJ kl;Lkd;wp> mjd; Fbkf;fspd; ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; ey;nyz;zk; vd;gtw;witAk; $l

KOikahd mtkjpg;Gf;F mJ cs;shf;Ffpd;wJ.

rl;lj;jpdhl;rp kw;Wk; rl;lKk; xOq;Fk; vd;gtw;wpd; Xu; mghafukhd mstpyhd rPu;FiyT vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf Xu; ek;gfj;jd;ikahd>

RahjPdkhd kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;gw;w Gyd;tprhuizAk;> mjd; fz;lwpjy;fspd; gfpuq;fg;gLj;JjYk; kl;LNk> ,yq;iff; Fbkf;fspd;

fupridfis mikjpg;gLj;j KbAk;. mj;jifanjhU Gyd;tprhuiz Nkw; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Fw;wkpioj;Njhu;fSf;F mtrpakhd

ePjpKiwahd jz;lidia toq;fj; jtWtJk;> ePjpKiwikapd; Xu; ngUk; ePjpj; jtWifahf> mjd; kf;fSf;F muR mspf;f Ntz;ba

Kf;fpakhd flg;ghlhd ghJfhg;gspj;jypyhd Xu; mbg;gilj; jtwhfTk;> kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; kdpj cupikfs; gjpTfs; kPJ njhlu;r;rpahd

ru;tNjrj;jpd; vjpupilahd ftdj;Jf;fhd Xu; miog;ghfTk; mikAk;. kjf; FUg; gpupTfs; cl;gl;l murhq;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; murpay;

$l;Lfs; vd;gd> ntypNtupa rk;gtj;jpw;fhd jq;fsJ gjpypy; ,e;jf; fupridfis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tjw;F Mtd nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,e;jr; rk;gtk; njhlu;gpy; rl;lj;jpdhl;rp kw;Wk; rl;lKk; xOq;F vd;gtw;Wf;F murhq;fj;jpd; Neu;ikahd gw;WWjpapd; KOikahd

ntspf;fhl;Ljy; ,yq;ifapy; [dehaf Ml;rp Kiwikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjd; tpUg;G kw;Wk; ,ay;jd;ik vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Xu;

eltbf;ifahf Nehf;fg;gLk;. mt;tpjk; nraw;glj; jtWtJ tsUk; [dehafg; gw;whf; Fiwia NkYk; mjpfupf;fTk; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fk;>

xw;Wik kw;Wk; RgPl;rk; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd vq;fsJ rhj;jpaq;fisAk; jilg;gLj;Jtjhf kl;LNk mikAk;.



cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; kPjhd mwpf;ifcj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jk; kPjhd mwpf;if5 [_d; 20135 [_d; 2013

murpayikg;gpd; 13MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; gytw;iw jpUj;Jtjw;F murhq;fk; jpl;lkpLtjhfj; njuptpf;Fk; mz;ika Clf mwpf;iffshy; khw;Wf;

nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyak; (kh.nfh.ep) Mo;e;j ftiy mile;Js;sJ. murpayikg;igj; jpUj;Jtjw;F fye;Jiuahly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdth

vd;gJ gw;wp fle;j gy thuq;fshf If;fpa kf;fs; Rje;jpuf; $l;likg;gpd; (I.k.R.$) rpNu\;l mikr;ru;fshy; Kuz;ghlhd mwpf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

vt;thwhapDk;> mj;jifa midj;J mwpf;iffSk; mikr;ruitapd; cjtpg; Ngr;rhsuhy; kWf;fg;gl;l mNjNtis> thuhe;j mikr;ruit nra;jpahsu;

$l;lj;jpy; murhq;fj;jpd; cj;jpNahfG+u;t epiyg;ghl;ilg; gpujpepjpg;gLj;Jtjhf fUjg;gLk; mtu;> ,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;lhu;;|

“jw;Nghija murpayikg;Gf;F> tpNrlkhf 13MtJ jpUj;jj;Jf;F VNjDk; jpUj;jq;fs; ,Uf;Fkhapd;> midj;J murpay; fl;rpfisAk;

cs;slf;fpajhd Xu; ghuhSkd;wj; njupTf;FO mtw;iwf; fye;Jiuahlyhk; vd [dhjpgjp njspthff; $wpAs;shu;. mj;jifa epiyikapy;> me;j

epiyg;ghl;il khw;Wtjw;F eltbf;iffs; vJTk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy.”

vt;thwhapDk;> ,d;W fhiy Clf epWtdq;fs; gy gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; gytw;Wf;F murhq;fk; jpUj;jq;fisg; gpNuupg;gjhfTk; mj;Jld;

,e;j jpUj;jq;fs; Xu; mtru rl;l%y tbtpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk; vdTk; njuptpj;Js;sd. cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Ftjhf

njuptpf;fg;gLfpd;wd:

• ngUk;ghyhd khfhz rigfs; Fwpj;j rl;lthf;fj;Jf;F ,zq;fpajhf toq;fg;gl;l xU jdpg; ngUk;ghd;ikapdhy; khfhz rig gl;baypYs;s tplaq;fs;

njhlu;ghf kj;jpapYs;s murhq;fk; rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;F mDkjpg;gjw;F murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 154 (v) [3] ,d; fhg;Gthrfq;fis ePf;Fjy;.

• mUfUNf mike;Js;s ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W khfhzq;fs; xU epu;thf myif cUthf;Ftjw;F Vw;ghlspg;gjw;F ghuhSkd;wj;ij mDkjpf;Fk;

cWg;Giu 154 (m) [3] I ,uj;Jr; nra;jy;.

,j;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fspd; fPo;> nra;jp mwpf;iffs; gytw;wpdhy; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;lthwhd cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fs; njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk; fupridfis

vOg;Gtjw;F kh.nfh.ep epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jpd; nrad;Kiwmurpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jpd; nrad;Kiw

Xu; gd;ikj;Jt r%fj;jpd; midj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;fpd;w Xu; fye;jhNyhridr; nrad;Kiwapd; xU tpisthf ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk

midj;Jg; gpui[fisAk; gpzpg;gjw;fhd jhu;kPf mjpfhuj;ij Xu; murpayikg;G ngWfpd;wJ. cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l jpUj;jq;fshtd> [dehaf tpOkpaq;fisg;

ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; Aj;jj;Jf;F gpe;jpa ey;ypzf;fj;ij miljy; Mfpa ,U tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghfTk; msTf;F mjpfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l jpUj;jk;> ,ufrpakhd tifapy; %b kiwf;fg;gl;lJk; kw;Wk; I.k.R.$ murhq;fj;jpd; rpy $l;Lrf;jpfSf;F kl;LNk kl;Lg; gLj;jg;gl;bUe;j xU

nrad;Kiwapd; tpisNt vd;gjpdhy;> mJ kpfTk; Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjhf cs;sJ. murpayikg;G jpUj;jq;fis cUthf;Fk;; kw;Wk; gue;j tpjptpyf;fy;yhj

rl;lthf;fr; nrad;Kiwfspyhd ntspg;gilj;jd;ikapd;ik kw;Wk; kf;fs; gq;Nfw;G ,y;yhik Fwpj;J Muk;gk; KjNy kh.nfh.ep tpku;rpj;J te;Js;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk;> thf;FWjpfs; mspf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;> jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpd; ‘Njrpa kdpj cupikfs; eltbf;ifj; jpl;lk;’ vd;gjw;fhd gpNuuizfs;

cl;gl> mLj;jLj;J gjtpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fs; rl;lthf;fr; nrad;Kiwfspyhd ,e;jf; FiwghLfis gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJld; ,e;jj; jtWjy;fSf;F

gupfhuk; fhz;gjw;F ve;j Mu;tj;jpidAk; ntspf;fhl;ltpy;iy.

gjtpapypUf;Fk; murhq;fk;> murpayikg;Gf;fhd jpUj;jq;fis ‘mtru rl;l%yq;fshf’ tifg;gLj;Jk; xU nrad;Kiwia kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; filg;gpbj;jJld;>

,jd;%yk; gfpuq;f tpthjk; kw;Wk; ePjpKiwapyhd Muha;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;Fhd ,ilntspia NkYk; klLg;gLj;jpaJ. NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa ey;ypzf;fr;

nrad;Kiwapy; jw;Nghija jpUj;jk; nfhz;bUf;f$ba jPtpukhd kw;Wk; khw;wKbahj ghjpg;Gfis ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L> kh.nfh.ep> murpayikg;gpd;

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij jpUj;Jk; rl;lj;ij murhq;fk; gpNuupf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> mtru rl;l%y eilKiwiaf; filg;gpbg;gjpypUe;J mtu;fs; tpyfpapUg;gjw;F

kh.nfh.ep murhq;fj;ij fLikahf epu;g;ge;jpf;fpwJ.

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jJf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs; gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jJf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

khfhzq;fSf;fhd mjpfhuq;fisg; gfpu;tjpy;> gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; NghJkhdjy;y vd kh.nfh.ep kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; tpku;rpj;J te;Js;sJ. gjpd;%d;whtJ

jpUj;jk;> mjpfhur; rkdpiy kj;jpa murhq;fj;Jf;F rhu;e;jjhd Vw;ghLfSld; jpzpf;fg;gl;ljhf cs;sJ. gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; gytPdj;ijf; ftdj;jpy;

nfhz;L> kq;fs Kdrpq;f FOg; gpNuuizfspypUe;J midj;Jf; fl;rpg; gpujpepjpfs; FOtpd; ngUk;ghd;ik mwpf;if tiu> mLj;J gjtpf;F te;j murhq;fspd;

fPohd Kd;ndLg;GfspYk; njuptpf;fg;gl;l gpd;ida midj;J mjpfhug; gfpu;T gpNuuizfSk;> gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;F mg;ghy; efu

Ntz;ba Njitia typAWj;jpAs;sd.

midj;J khfhz rigfspdJk; rk;kjj;jpid Kjypy; ngwhky; khfhz rigfSf;F xJf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fs; kPJ kj;jpa murhq;fk; rl;lq;fis Mf;FtjpypUe;J

jLg;gjw;F murpayikg;G Vw;ghLfspy; cl;fl;likf;fg;gl;l xU fhg;gPNl cWg;Giu 154 (v) [3] MFk;. xd;W my;yJ Nkw;gl;l khfhz rigfs; cj;Njr rl;l

%yj;Jf;F rk;kjpf;fhj re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> jdpg; ngUk;ghd;iknahd;wpd; %yk;> rl;l %yj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd njupit kj;jpa murhq;fk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mj;jifa re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> rl;l %yk;> mjw;F rk;kjk; njuptpj;j khfhz rigfSf;F kl;Lk; gpuNahfpf;fg;glf;$ba rl;lkhf tUk;. my;yJ> murhq;fk; rl;l

%yj;ij %d;wpy; ,uz;L mWjpg; ngUk;ghd;ikAld; epiwNtw;wpd;> rl;l %yk; ehL KOtjw;Fk; gpuNahfpf;fg;glf;$ba rl;lkhf tUk;. kj;jpa murhq;fk;

ve;jnthU nfhLf;fg;gl;l re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; Xu; jdpg; ngUk;ghd;ikAld; rl;lq;fis epiwNTw;Wtjd; %ykhf khfhz rigfSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l VNjDk;

my;yJ midj;J mjpfhuq;fisAk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;gjhy;> ,e;jf; fhg;gPl;il mfw;WtJjhdJ rl;lthf;f mjpfhuj;ij gfpu;tjw;F Xu; ngWkjpaw;wjhf

nghwpKiwahf gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij khw;wptpLk;.

jw;NghJs;s mjpfhug; gfpu;TF; fl;likg;ig Kw;wpYkhf ,y;yhkyhf;Ftjw;F murhq;fj;jpyhd ,e;j Vfhjpgj;jpa eltbf;if Xu; tuyhw;Wj; jtwhfyhk;.

gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jj;ij jpUj;Jtjw;fhd Fwpj;j gpNuuizfs;> ,yq;ifapd; ,d Kuz;ghLfspd; tuyhw;W Ntu;fis Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F murhq;fj;jpd;

,ayhikiaAk;> kw;Wk; fle;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,NjNghd;w jtWfspypUe;J ghlq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd mjd; ,ayhikiaAk;

fhl;bf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Fk; Nkyhf> midj;Jr; r%fq;fSf;Fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhd tifapyhd Xu; murpay; jPu;it cUthf;Ftjpy; murhq;fj;jpd;

Neu;ikahd Nehf;fk; kPJk; jPtpukhd gopiar; Rkj;JfpwJ. jw;NghJs;s murpayikg;gpd; xU gFjpahfTs;s gjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; KOikahf mKy;

gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJld; mJ Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpajpypUe;J Xu; Kuz;ghl;bw;F gpe;jpa epiyf;F ,yq;if epiykhw;wkiltij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf>

Xu; Gjpa mjpfhug; gfpu;Tj; jPu;T Nehf;fp Kd;ndLf;fg;glf;$bajhd xU murpayikg;G Ngr;Rthu;j;ijr; nrad;Kiwapd; kpfTk; Fiwe;jgl;r mbg;giliaAk;

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

mj;jifanjhU jd;dpr;irahd eltbf;if> midj;Jr; r%fq;fSf;Fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $bajhd xU murpay; jPu;it cUthf;Ftjw;F nrayhw;Wtjhf

ru;tNjr r%fj;Jf;F jw;Nghija murhq;fk; mspj;jpUe;j Fwpj;j cWjpnkhopfspd;> tpNrlkhf vjpu;fhyj;jpyhd ve;jnthU murpay; jPu;Tk; gjpd;%d;whtJ

jpUj;jf; fl;likg;Gf;Fk; mg;ghy; nry;tjhf mikAk; vd ,e;jpa murhq;fj;Jf;F mJ nfhLj;jpUe;j cWjpnkhop vd;gtw;wpd; Xu; kPwyhf mikAk;. ,e;j

mwpf;iffspd; Nehf;fq;fis nghUl;gLj;jhJ> murhq;fk; NghUf;Fg; gpe;jpa mjpfhug; gfpu;nthd;Wf;F Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; ek;gpf;nfhs;Sk;

tifapyhd gw;WWjpia ntspf;fhl;ltpy;iy. Mifahy;> cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;ij Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Ntz;lhnkdTk; kw;Wk; midj;Jr;

r%fq;fSf;Fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $bajhd xU murpay; jPu;Tf;F Kf;fpa ghj;jpaij nfhz;l midj;J jug;Gfs; kj;jpapy; xU fUj;njhw;Wikia cUthf;Fk;

Nehf;fpy; Xu; cs;spizf;Fk; jd;ikahf Ngr;R thu;j;ijia kPsTk; Muk;gpg;gjw;F murhq;fj;ij kh.nfh.ep gykhf typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

ISSN 955-1800-0061

fyhepjp ghf;fpaNrhjp rutzKj;J { Nguhrpupau; [aNjt cad;nfhl { rl;lj;juzp v];.[P. GQ;rpN`th { Nguhrpupau; [ad;j;j nrdtpuj;d { nkh`kl; /g];yhd;

Nguhrpupau; fPjnghd;fyd; { jp];] [ajpyf;f { nkjfk jk;khde;j Njuu; { khJYthNt Nrhgpj;j Njuu; { re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuzJq;f { Nguhrpupau; jp];] tpj;jhuz

tpkytPu jprhehaf;f { fyhepjp [ak;gj;jp tpf;ukuj;d { rl;lj;juzp v];.vy;.FzNrf;fu { mrq;f ntypf;fy { cja gpughj; fk;kd;gpy { fhkpdp [atpf;uk ngNuuh

rhe;jpdp Nfhd;f`Nf { lf;s]; Njthde;j { Nguhrpupau; `];Gy;yh { rP. tpf;Nd];tud;

'vkf;F Rje;jpuk; Vd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; ?

vkJ mbg;gil cupikfSld; Nkhjiy Vw;gLj;Jk;

rkj;Jtkpd;ik> ghugl;rkhf elj;jg;gLjy; vd;git

epiwe;j vkJ r%f mikg;ig khw;wpaikf;fNt"

Rje;jpuk; Ntz;Lk;"

gP.Mu;. mk;Ngl;fhu;

(,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; rpU\;bfu;j;jh)

kyu; 10 ,jo; 02

2013 Mf];l; - nrg;nlk;gu;

khw;Wf; nfhs;iffSf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; ntspaPL

sama vimarshee august sept 2013 - centre for policy ... for policy alternatives 3 mf];l; -...

Documents