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CBA Priorities

Community-Based Adaptation

Climate change is global, but impacts are regional and local•Impacts will affect different communities differently based on their specific circumstances

…so, solutions must be locally specific•CBA is community-driven•CBA is the grass-roots component of climate change adaptation•CBA will respond to locally specific needs, and develop lessons for global and national stakeholders to further adaptation practice

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CBA Priorities

The CBA is a global programme, with pilot countries selected to represent a variety of ecosystems and climate impacts

The CBA will be implemented in 10 countries:

•Bangladesh•Bolivia•Guatemala•Jamaica•Kazakhstan•Morocco•Niger•Namibia•Samoa•Viet Nam

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CBA Priorities

Key Characteristics

•The UNDP-GEF CBA Project is funded by the GEF Strategic Priority on Adaptation

•Portfolio of 8-20 projects per country

•Project size: <$50,000US–Projects will require 1:1 co-financing in cash

•CBA will be a separate portfolio of projects, nested within SGP Jamaica

•CBA programme period will be 5 years• 2008 through 2012

•Projects will deliver adaptation benefits, as well as global environmental benefits in a GEF focal areas

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CBA Priorities

The SPA is focused on ecosystem resilience

•The CBA is funded by the GEF Strategic Priority on Adaptation

•SPA funding is intended to fund the subset of adaptation activities that also generate global environmental benefits / make global environmental benefits resilient to climate change.

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CBA Priorities

CBA Projects and the SPACommunity-Driven

Development Priorities

GEB

Climate Change

Adaptation Priorities

CBA

CBA Projects will be community-driven, addressing local development priorities

Like SGP projects, CBA projects will be selected in regions where community development priorities and global environmental objectives overlap…

…and where communities are vulnerable to climate change including variability…

The CBA will operate where GEB and adaptation priorities overlap with community priorities

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CBA Priorities

CBA Projects must address climate change risks to ecosystems/communities

What are the current pressures on the ecosystem?What are the climate change threats to the ecosystem?

Baseline Pressures

•Landlessness, insecure tenure•Soil degradation

•Inequitable access to water resources•Cyclical drought

•Cyclones•Landslides•Lack of early warning systems

Climate Change Pressures

•Increasing temperature (impacts on crop phenology, water stress)•Increasing erosion (drought/flood)

•Reduced water quality (drought/flood)•Changing seasonal water distribution•Salinization

•Intensifying cyclones•Severe flood/drought•Novel disasters

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CBA Priorities

Tracking Results from CBA Projects

UNDP-GEF Adaptation Indicators

Tracking

Qualitative: The VRA Quantitative: the SGP IAS

Community perceptions of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change

Quantitative indicators on global environmental benefits realized through community projects

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CBA Priorities

The Vulnerability Reduction Assessment

The VRA is a question-based approach with the following aims:

–To make M&E responsive to community priorities

–To make M&E capture community ideas and local knowledge

–To capture qualitative information in a manner that records progress and can serve as a planning tool for self-monitoring and the capture of community priorities

–To generate qualitative information • To guide the evolution of community-based adaptation practice• To generate case studies highlighting CBA projects

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CBA Priorities

The Impact Assessment System

The IAS measures Global Environmental Benefits from community projects

Each project will deliver results within this indicator framework, AND ensure that results are resilient in the face of climate change

• Examples from biodiversity and land degradation focal areas:

Biodiversity Land Degradation

•Number of globally significant species protected by project

•Hectares of degraded land restored

•Number of innovations/new technologies developed/applied

•Hectares of land sustainably managed by project

•Number of local policies informed in biodiversity focal area

•Tons of soil erosion prevented

•Number of national policies informed in biodiversity focal area

•Number of innovations/new technologies developed/applied

•Number of local policies informed in land degradation focal area

•Number of national policies informed in land degradation focal area

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CBA Priorities

SGP Jamaica Focus

Sectors for focus based on National Adaptation priorities:

1. Coastal Sector:Threats of increased erosion, higher storm surges, coral bleaching, loss of ecosystems

2. Water Resources: Saline intrusion into aquifers, increased droughts/floods

3. Agriculture: Adverse effects on crop yields due to rainfall variations, new disease & pests (increased temps.), increased losses due to more intense severe weather events.

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CBA Priorities

Baseline-Additionality Reasoning

A number of non-climate, unsustainable practices will compound the impacts of Climate Change:•Deforestation of mangroves , sand mining, Near shore construction •Unsustainable practices: overuse of insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, slash and burn agriculture, adverse effects of mining•Lack of conservation, over-extraction of ground water

CBA projects must address both these baseline impacts (securing global benefits in BD, LD) and then make the benefits resilient to climate change. Cash co-financing to fund baseline issues, CBA funding to finance climate change stresses.

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CBA Priorities

Local Priorities and Geographic Focus

Projects likely to be sited in areas where global environmental benefits can be secured and are also vulnerable to climate change. Commencement with south coast-Portland Bight

Coastal communities, farming areas, biodiversity hotspots to be targeted. Suitably qualified NGOs/CBOs needed for implementation.

Areas where co-financing opportunities can be secured, also to affect location of project sites

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CBA Priorities

Potential Project Typologies

Projects to vary depending on GEF Focal area and targeted adaptation options:

Protection of threatened coastal species-Mangrove reforestation, in context of increased erosion and higher temps.

Introduction of saline tolerant and drought resistant plant/crop species

Improved land Management in context of increased severe weather events-Conserve Biodiversity habitats