0 ministry of transport, water management and public works directorate-general rijkswaterstaat...

00Ministry of Transport, Water Management and Public WorksDirectorate-General RijkswaterstaatTransport Research Centre

Road Pricing SeminarValencia, 26th of september 2002

Road PricingRoad PricingThe Dutch ApproachThe Dutch Approach

Ministry of Transport, Water Management and Public WorksDirectorate-General Rijkswaterstaat

Transport Research Centre

Leo van den BergSenior Consultant



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachIndexIndex

• History• MobiMiles - Reference model• MobiMiles - Implementation• MobiMiles - Organisation• MobiMiles - Status• Conclusion



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachHistory-ContextHistory-Context

• More than 8 million motor vehicles (6,5 million private cars)

• Vehicle growth > 4%• 1 car per 2 inhabitants• Speeds during rush-hour

< 60 km/hourBetween 60 and

80> 80 km/hour



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachHistory-ContextHistory-Context

Pre-tripChoice TrafficOn-trip

ChoiceMonitoringTravel

Demand

TravelInformation

TrafficInformation

Traffic Flow Control

DemandManagement



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachHistory-InvestigationHistory-Investigation

• Research focused on fully automatic ¨Toll driving¨ with free flowing traffic. This means toll gates and:– DSRC (vehicle roadside communication)– On-board unit– Smart card ¨on the spot¨ payment– Fully automatic enforcement– Error: < 1 * 10-6

• Technology driven project. Other issues (legislation, economic effects, policy issues, social impact etc.) were left out.



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachHistory-Field trialsHistory-Field trials

• Based on a basic specification a Request for Proposal was commissioned. Test should give answers for:– Detection of the vehicle– Localization of the vehicle– Automatic financial transaction– Digital picture

Result: Road Pricing was feasible but new technology was needed.

But how to cope with decreasing social acceptance of toll driving?



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMilesMobiMiles

• Existing project was expensive and based on the traditional Design and Build of the Ministry.

• The popularity for alternative forms of payment increased: variable kilometre charging, a fairer form of charging depending on time and location.

• The Minister requested short term ¨technology scouting¨ for kilometre charging

– How should we implement it?– With what technology?– How can we have a short term field trial?

MobiMiles concept was launched!



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Model requirementsMobiMiles – Model requirements

1. Mobimiles must variabilise and differentiate the costs of road use.

2. Mobimiles must comply with the most stringent privacy requirements and expectations.

3. Mobimiles must be reliable and enforceable4. Mobimiles must establish a link between demand for

and availability of the road infrastructure.5. Mobimiles must be introduced in a manner attractive to

the user.6. Mobimiles must be based on a solid architecture.



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Reference model MobiMiles – Reference model

NetworkLocationServices

NetworkVerification

Services

NetworkRegion

Services

NetworkPaymentServices

TrustedWallet

PositionInformation

Account

StatusRequest

Road typeInformation



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Reference modelMobiMiles – Reference model

• The reference model has 5 main components:– Cost calculation (Trusted Wallet)– Charge distribution (Network Region Services)– Location determination of the vehicle (Network

Location Services)– Payment (Network Payment Services)– Enforcement (Network Verification Services)



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Implementation Cost calculationMobiMiles – Implementation Cost calculation

• Trusted Wallet takes care of:– Adding and deducting the MobiMiles– Storage function– Identification (user to MobiMiles)– Monitoring integrity

• Trusted Wallet could be:– Chipknip (existing bankcard)– SIM card (as used in mobile phone)– New chipcard (such as the mobility pass)



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Implementation Charge distributionMobiMiles – Implementation Charge distribution

• Road network broken down in road sections• Every section has its own charge code• Each charge code implies a cost level• Charge code can change over time• Some sections could have a ¨negative¨ charge code:

The user ¨earns¨ points.



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Implementation Charge distributionMobiMiles – Implementation Charge distribution

06:0007:0008:00



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Implementation EnforcementMobiMiles – Implementation Enforcement

• System must be highly fraud resistance!– How to detect falsification of data– How to detect evasion

• The greater the profit from participating in the system, the less will be the urge to act fraudulently!

• Random unexpected interaction with the system is needed to detect fraud!

¨Digital enforcement¨



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Implementation EnforcementMobiMiles – Implementation Enforcement



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Scenario 1MobiMiles – Scenario 1

GPS module

DSRC

SMARTCARD

SMARTCARDSIM CARDPosition

InformationAccount

StatusRequest




Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMobiMiles – Scenario 2MobiMiles – Scenario 2

GPS module

DSRC

GSM/GPRS/UMTS

GSM/GPRS/UMTS

SIM CARDPosition

InformationAccount

StatusRequest




Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMoviMiles – OrganisationMoviMiles – Organisation

Serviceoperator

TaxOffice

ServiceprovidersService

providersServiceproviders

ServiceprovidersService

providersServicerequester



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMoviMiles – Organisation B2C ServicesMoviMiles – Organisation B2C Services

• Business to Customer– Travel and Traffic information– Ticket reservation– Tourist information– Parking information and reservation– Internet– Gaming– Etc.



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachMoviMiles – StatusMoviMiles – Status

• Completely changed political climate in the Netherlands– Increase of ¨service level¨ of existing infrastructure

(improve public transport, more new roads)– No implementation of MobiMiles in this governmental

period.



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachConclusionConclusion

• MobiMiles is a new and innovative approach to solve traffic problems in the Netherlands

• Mobility pricing depends on time and location• It can be build from ¨Custom off-the-shelf¨ products• By using an open architecture, extra (customer)

services can be added



Road PricingRoad Pricing--The Dutch ApproachThe Dutch ApproachConclusionConclusion

Questions?

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