01-modifiers and quantfiers-too much_many-so much_many

8/16/2019 01-Modifiers and Quantfiers-Too Much_many-so Much_many

1/7

Much is used with uncountable nouns, many with plural countable nouns:

I haven't got much time.

Has she got many friends?

Much and many are used mainly in interrogative and in negative forms. In affirmative sentences

we use a lot (of), lots (of), loads (of), plenty (of), particularly in a colloquial style:

He's got lots of friends.

There's still plenty of time before the play starts.

Much and many are commonly found in affirmative sentences after too, so, as and very:

he spends too much money on clothes.

I've received so many gifts this year.

!rite do"n as many "ords starting "ith 's' as you can.

Than# you very much.

In formal style, much and many are also used in affirmative forms:

There is much to say about this issue. Many e$perts argue that ...

Much and many can be used without a noun if the meaning is clear:

'!as there a lot of traffic?' '%o. %ot much, really.'

'Have you met any interesting people at "or#?' '%ot many.'

Remember!

Much and many can be used with of + a determiner or a pronoun:


2/7

I haven't seen much of him lately.

Many of my friends live abroad.

Learning tip

Decide which of the following you have or haven't got: sense of humour, money, friends, free

time, future plans, ambition, patience, pair of trainers, a suit. Write short sentences in your

noteboo using the words much, many and other structures from this !rammar "eference #nit,

e.g. I haven't got much money but I have a lot of friends.

I haven't got much time for reading.We haven't got may friends in São Paulo.He has a lot of free time because he worksparttime.

!onia spends too much in "#s. $hank youvery much for your help.Have we got any tomatoes% &es but notmany.

u não tenho muito tempo para ler.()s não temos amigos de maio* em SãoPaulo.le tem um monte de tempo livre* por+ue

ele trabalha a tempo parcial.!onia gasta muito em "#s.,brigado youvery muito por sua a-uda.Ser +ue tem alguma tomates% Sim* masnão muitos.

& little and little are used with uncountable nouns:

!ould you li#e a little mil# in your tea?

I have little time to finish my home"or#.


3/7

& fe" and fe" are used with plural countable nouns:

I'd li#e to as# a fe" uestions.

e" students are really motivated.

& little and a fe" are used to tal about $a small% quantity in a positive way:

ou need a little salt to ma#e good sauces. $& not a lot, ust some%

I've "ritten a fe" essays. $& not many, but enough%

*ittle and fe" are used to tal about $a small% quantity in a negative way:

He has little interest in his father's business. $& not much%

e" students passed the test. $& not many%

Remember!

e" and little are more usual in formal speech. In informal speech we would use forms lie not

much+many, or only a fe"+a little.

He hasn't got much interest in his father's business.

nly a fe" students passed the test.

Learning tip

(hoose a few topics, e.g. money, friends, hobbies, fears and personal characteristics, and thin

about how you relate to them. Write some sentences in your noteboo to show this relationship

from both a positive and a negative point of view, e.g. I have a little confidence. $positive% I

have little confidence. $negative%

I'm afraid there's litle time left to pack. $hetrain leaves in one hour.His salary is +uite low. However* hemanaged to put aside a litlle money eachmonth./ew people think he will win which is sadbecause he's an e0cellent candidate for thepri1e.

2lthough it's a bank holiday* a few o3cesare open.

$emo +ue 4 hora do litle es+uerda paraembalar. , trem sai em uma hora.Seu salrio 4 muito bai0o. (o entanto* eleconseguiu colocar de lado um dinheiro dolitlle cada m5s.Poucas pessoas pensam +ue ele vai ganharo +ue 4 triste* por+ue ele 4 um e0celentecandidato para o pr5mio.mbora se-a um feriado bancrio* algunsescrit)rios estão abertos.


4/7

)ive of the most common modifiers are: enough, uite, so, such and too. *hey all have different

meanings and uses:

-nough means 'the right amount or number'. It goes after an adective or an adverb:

I'm not tall enough to reach the top shelves.

on't "orry. our -nglish is good enough to pass the e$am.

It also goes before nouns:

There aren't enough eggs for the ca#e. /ould you buy some more?

We can use too+enough 0 for + phrase:

The "eather is too cold for the children.

&re there enough s"eets for all the #ids?

or too+enough + infinitive:

o you feel strong enough to climb the hill?

'Have you got any money?' 'I haven't got enough (money) to buy everything.'

Too means 'more than is necessary or wanted'. It is used before an adective or adverb:

I can't "or# "ith 1oe. He does things too slo"ly.

ou're too young to go to clubs at night, 1immy.


5/7

- 2uite can mean 'fairly':

I "as uite surprised to learn he had failed the e$am.

owever, in formal /nglish, when it is used with non0gradable adectives lie: absurd, dead,

true, etc. it means 'completely'or 'totally':

I thin# the "hole idea is uite absurd.

!hat you say is uite true.

1 o is generally used to emphasi2e what we say.

It "as so hot that "e decided to stay at the hotel.

We can use it before an adective or an adverb:

He drove so uic#ly that the police stopped him.

It can be used before much, many, fe" and little:

There "ere so many people that "e couldn't get into the theatre.

I regret it so much3

3 uch is also used to emphasi2e what we are taling about but we use it before adective +

noun:

I had such a bad day yesterday that I decided to go to bed early.

We can also use it before a noun on its own:

They made such a mess of everything that "e couldn't find a solution.

I've never seen such foolishness before3 It's unbelievable3

Remember!

We use so much before comparatives:

he loo#s so much happier no" that she's moved into her house.

Too can be used as a synonym of very in informal speech:

It's too #ind of you to help me.

Learning tip


6/7

*hin about what you've done over the past wee. #sing the modifiers from this unit, write at

least si4 sentences in your noteboo about your e4periences. )or e4ample: I "as so tired last

night that I "ent to bed at 4.55 p.m.

Pass me the sugar* please. !y cofee isn't

sweet enough. $hese 67yearold cildreen are too young tosee the 8lm. It's over 69s.

$he 8lm was so bad that the people leftbefore it had 8nished.

$im is such good student: $his te0t is +uite di;erent from what I askedfor. Please rewrite it.

Passeme o a mais de 69s., 8lme foi tão ruim +ue as pessoas ?es+uerda antes +ue tivesse terminado.

$im 4 tal bom aluno:ste te0to 4 bem diferente do +ue eu pedi.Por favor reescrev5lo.

So much @ so many @ so few @ enough @ so @ so little

!y tea is too hot to drink at the moment. $om had so much homework that he had tostay up until midnight.

$here were so many people in front of usthat we couldn't see.

$he room wasn't enough large for so manyguests.

Sue was so tired that she fell asleep on thetrain.We had so little money that we couldn't evenbuy a sandwich.

!eu ch est muito +uente para beber nomomento.

$om tinha tanta li


7/7

01-modifiers and quantfiers-too much_many-so much_many

Documents