02 lm small-planet_ws2015

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Planning and the small Planet L'urbanistica e il piccolo pianeta

Luca Marescotti

2015 Workshop - Knowledge and Appropriate Technologies for Sustainability in Planning

2 marzo 2015

Luca Marescotti 2 / 84

BIOSPHERE AND URBAN PALNNING – PARTE I

PIANIFICARE!MA CHE COSA?


From the “little but complex” urban issues (it was a local issue just until a few decades ago)

to a bigger and more complex environmental problem(now, it is a global issue)

systemic propertiescross-disciplinary knowledge

cross-scaling problems and cross scaling planning

1. Planning and the small Planet an introduction


Just to begin

What is this? Was is das? Che cosa è questo?What are interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity?

a suggestion ...



A transdisciplinary introduction two documentaries and a short

Home, Yann Arthus-Bertrand, producers: Denis Carot and Luc Besson, with PPR Group; coproducers Elzevir Films, Europa Corp, France 2, sponsored by UNEP, 2010.

Welcome to the Anthropocene, Planet Under Pressure conference, London 26-29 March, Copyright: Globaia. Planet Under Pressure, SEI, SRC, CSIRO, 2012.

planet RE:think, Eskil Hardt, producer Ace & Ace with EEA, UNEP, Eskil Hardt, 2012.

1. Planning and the small Planet SOME REFERENCES FOR DISSEMINATING


Someone asked me:

“Be concise,write down ten thingsto improve our cities”



What a mess! What a mess! but, boys, this is complexity!but, boys, this is complexity!Complex problems require shared strategies,Complex problems require shared strategies,Involving Public and Private Actors ...Involving Public and Private Actors ...

Projected in a Long Time,Projected in a Long Time,Articulated in Many Areas,Articulated in Many Areas,Funded with Adequate Resources,Funded with Adequate Resources,Checked in their ImplementationChecked in their Implementationand monitored in a Context that is in Continuous Changing …and monitored in a Context that is in Continuous Changing … … … A GLOBAL CHANGEA GLOBAL CHANGE


? present vs future ?In the place of a construction in which the

present implies the future, we have a world in which the future is open, in which time is a

construction in which we may all participate.

Grégoire Nicolis, Ilya Prigogine, Exploring complexity: an introduction, W.H. Freeman, New York, 1989, p.3.



“We live in an age of transition, an age that demands constructive modification of our environment. We must find and explore new

resources, must understand our environment better, and must achieve a less destructive co-existence with nature. The time scale of

the qualitative modifications that are required. . . is of the order of the decade. . . . Some of the basic questions remain largely unanswered.”

Ilya Prigogine,Nobel laureate, 1977

Prologue: Science in an Age of Transition from Exploring ComplexityGrégoire Nicolis, Ilya Prigogine, La complessità. Esplorazione nei nuovi campi della scienza, Einaudi, Torino,

1991, p.5.



Un tempo infatti si diceva (seguendo Laplace e Comte, per esempio):

AUTORITY IS POWER from science comes prediction; from prediction comes action ...

… if the world were deterministic ...

Yet at the same time someone else wrote [and today we are convinced of this] ...



Government in the name of the people, for the people, by the peopleUsing our knowledge and also knowing each other to build a multicultural space,

take precautions to prevent, prepare to repair, partecipate to governance of physical and biological systems, that are always in reciprocal relation, with indefinite probabilities of change.

Here it is: knowing how to handle the emergence of new conditions.



Here it is: knowing how to handle the emergence of new conditions.Where: “to emerge”

means that new conditions may cause the emergence of new properties.

That is why the socio-ecological system is really "complex".



I had too many things to say,was not easy,

A REAL

HOTCHPOTCH


HOW TO EXPLAIN?SAY WHAT?


Planning and the small Planet - The cultural Context – PARTE II

The conditions of our training


William MorrisThe word Architecture has, I suppose, to most of you the meaning of the art of building nobly

and ornamentally. Now I believe the practice of this art to be one of the most important things which man can turn his hand to, and the consideration of it to be worth

the attention of serious people, not for an hour only, but for a good part of their lives, even though they may not have to do with it professionally.

But, noble as that art is by itself, and though it is specially the art of civilisation, it neither ever has existed nor never can exist alive and progressive by itself, but must cherish and be

cherished by all the crafts whereby men make the things which they intend shall be beautiful, and shall last somewhat beyond the passing day.

It is this union of the arts, mutually helpful and harmoniously subordinated one to another, which I have learned to think of as Architecture, and when I use the word to-night, that is what

I shall mean by it and nothing narrower.A great subject truly, for it embraces the consideration of the whole external surroundings of

the life of man; we cannot escape from it if we would so long as we are part of civilisation, for it means the moulding and altering to human needs of the very face of the earth itself, except in

the outermost desert.

1. Planning and the small Planet the Cultural Context


Patrick GeddesOn pain of economic waste, of practical failure no less than of artistic futility, and even worse,

each true design, each valid scheme should and must embody the full utilisation of its local and regional conditions, and be the expression of local and of regional personality.

1. L'urbanistica e il piccolo pianetacontesto culturale


Martin HeideggerWohnen, zum Frieden gebracht sein, heißt: eingefriedet bleiben in das Frye,

d. h. in das Freie, das jegliches in sein Wesen schont. Der Grundzug des Wohnens ist dieses Schonen. Er durchzieht das Wohnen in seiner ganzen Weite. Sie zeigt sich uns, sobald wir daran denken, daß im Wohnen das

Menschsein beruht und zwar im Sinne des Aufenthalts der Sterblichen auf der Erde. (…)

Die Sterblichen wohnen, insofern sie die Erde retten -das Wort in dem alten Sinne genommen, den Lessing noch kannte. Die Rettung entreißt nicht nur

einer Gefahr, retten bedeutet ei-gentlich: etwas in sein eigenes Wesen freilassen. Die Erde retten ist mehr, als sie ausnützen oder gar abmühen. Das

Retten der Erde meistert die Erde nicht und macht sich die Erde nicht un-tertan, von wo nur ein Schritt ist zur schrankenlosen Ausbeutung.



1881 William Morris – 1915 Patrick Geddes – 1951 Martin Heidegger

WHY mention them, so different and after so many years?

What did they want to say in 1881, 1915 and 1951?What has changed in the cultural context?

AND HOW MUCH IS CHANGED OUR TRAINING?



William MorrisFive Lectures delivered in Birmingham, London, and Nottingham (1877-1881), as the

population grows (from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million in 1900), while the conurbation was a continuos sprawls and public administration implemented great

public works: sewers, subways and railroads.

Patrick GeddesCities in Evolution. An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the

Study of Civics, Williams & Norgate, Londra, 1915, “Summary and Conclusion”, p. 397 and following.

Martin HeideggerDarmstad (1951), in a conference held on rebuilding of Germany after Nazism and

WWII: Social Identity Re-Building - Town Re-Building



The conditions of our time

The conditions of our time are incomparably different from those of the past; it is different the environmental awareness, the potential of modern

technology is immense, extensive and serious are the new social issues, exacerbated by financial powers. Once unthinkable.

Urban planning, however, one speaks and teaches with languages that refer to the past, a golden age ever existed, as far as the combinations of art and

architecture, crafts and technologies were brilliant in building the city.But, in this mess, no one understand perfectly the language and context of that idealized past; and every man try to overshadow the main features of

this present

2. Planning and the current Situation


AVER CURA DELLA TERRA?MA CHI?


2. Planning and the current SituationEarth Resources Measurement and Assessment

can planning do anything?DO YOU REMEMBER?

ARTIFICIAL SURFACES 0,6%!The class is composed of any type of areas with a predominant artificial surface. Any

urban or related feature is included in this class, for example urban parks (parks,parkland, sport facilities). The class also includes industrial areas,waste dump

deposit and extraction sites. [GLC – SHARE beta 2014 ]


RELANTIONSHIPS


2. Planning: Local must be global, the sum of elements in a system is not the total


Planning and the small Planet - Our shrinking Earth – PARTE III

Limits to growth!Earth Resources Measurement and Assessment


The dimensions of EarthOur shrinking Earth


The dimensions of EarthOur shrinking Earth

“The observed net gains in human well-being facilitated by the social and economic sectors have, however, been at the cost of

growing environmental changes, and the exacerbation of poverty for some groups of people (MA 2005a).

Sustainable development relies on an effective integration of environmental concerns into development policies.”

[ibidem p. 367]


Boundaries Boundaries

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Planetary Boundaries


Planetary Boundaries

Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet

Will Steffen, Katherine Richardson, Johan Rockström, Sarah E. Cornell, Ingo Fetzer, Elena M. Bennett, R. Biggs, Stephen R. Carpenter, Wim de Vries, Cynthia A. de Wit9 Carl Folke, Dieter Gerten, Jens Heinke, Georgina M. Mace, Linn M. Persson, Veerabhadran Ramanathan, B. Reyers, Sverker Sörlin

15 January 2015


il contesto dell'urbanisticail sistema socio-ecologico e le tecnologie

the five PBs that have strong regional oper-ating scales biosphere integrity (BII = Biodiversity Intactness Index; E/MSY = extinctions per million species-years),biogeochemical flows (ear-lier termed “phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) cycles” ), land-system change,freshwater useatmospheric aerosol loading.


il contesto dell'urbanisticail sistema socio-ecologico e le tecnologie

The conceptual framework for the planetary boundaries approach, showing the safe operating space, the zone of uncertainty, the position of the threshold (where one is likely to exist) and the area of high risk.


Where is forestry depletion. Where forestry grows up.


Earth Forestry


No climate change ...

Human beings have not responsability ...

Nuclear power is cheapest and most secure energy ...

Green economy is too expansive ...…

Planning and the current SituationThe struggles to dominate the information


1848 Charles Robert Cockerel

The conditions of our timeArchitetture Masterpieces


2. Planning and the current SituationTechnology and power: you can do it all

From architectural masterpieces

toskyscrapers technological power


1884 Gli edifici più alti del mondo



2. Planning and the current SituationLocal must be global, the sum of elements in a system is not the total


Earth Measurements: the Ecological Footprint


Christopher Alexander, The Nature of Order as expression of wholeness and harmony among interconnected centers


Only 0,6% of all lands is used by cities ...


… but cities absorb more of the total resources available and in the cities there are the powers who decide the fate of the entire bio-productive system ...


Ebla

… EBLA VARSAVIA HIROSHIMA ...

Luca Marescotti 51 / 84 varsavia

Luca Marescotti 52 / 84 Hiroshima


1. Planning and the small Planet - Our shrinking Earth – PARTE III

Tempus fugit!


… TEMPUS FUGIT, E L'URBANISTA STA A GUARDARE CREDENDO DI INNOVARE.


Lago d'Aral

Lago Ciad

Giordano e Mar Morto

Nilo e Progetto Toshka

California

3. Planning and the Biosphere… in name of the people, for the people, by the people ...


Le reti di comunicazione sono globali.

Il mondo è una città globale, un sistema di città



Tropical forest lost


Luca Marescotti 60 / 84 1997

Act and think globallya necessary governance among local authorities


2012 Piazza Tahrir


Act and think globallya necessary governance among local authorities


Act and think globally. A necessary governance among local authorities – PARTE IV

UNA GOVERNANCE MONDIALE PER L'URBANISTICA!


WHOLENESS IS MORE

AND LESS THAN THE SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS

(Edgar Morin)

AND IF

RELATIONS

INTENSITY

And

INFORMATION

FLOWS

WERE

UNEQUAL...

EDGAR MORIN


IN WHICH DIRECTION WE WANT THE SYSTEM WILL BE ORIENTED?

BUT HOW CAN WE PUSH THESE BUTTONS?

WHICH FORCES CAN WE IMPLEMENT?

EDGAR MORIN


✳✴✯✣✫★✯✬✭ ✥✵✲✯✰✥✡✮ ✧✲✥✥✮ ✣✡✰✩✴✡✬

❙ 1 000 parks, ❙ ✗ nature reserves within city,

boundaries (and more than 200 in thesurrounding area), 1 cultural reserve and ❙ 1 city national park,

❙ 95 kg of recycled refuse annually perCitizen, ❙ 12 000 trees in the city centre, ❙ 24 official beaches,

❙ World’s largest district cooling network, ❙ Set to become fossil-fuel free by 2050, ❙ The city hosts 2 700 clean-tech companies.


Norberto Bobbio, Elogio della mitezza, Il Saggiatore, Milano, 2010, p.45.

As I presented it, it is likely that the mildness there has appeared a feminine virtue. I readily admit it. I know I'm wanting to hurt women

in revolt against the old domain of the male when I say that the mildness has never appeared desirable because of its femininity.

I think that would be destined to triumph the day when you realized the city of women (not that of Fellini, of course).

HARMONIOUS CITIES, SOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLYECONOMY AS A TOOL, NOT AS A POWER


HARMONIOUS CITIES, SOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLYUNDERSTANDING NATURE AND ITS ECOSERVICES


2012 CRS


Resilience Center of Stockholm

The complexity of the biosphere and our relationships with the The complexity of the biosphere and our relationships with the environment will clearly show the need for systemic, cross-environment will clearly show the need for systemic, cross-cutting, adaptive approaches, involving at the same time cutting, adaptive approaches, involving at the same time

our capability our capability to learn to learn and to govern intersecting levels of government to learn to learn and to govern intersecting levels of government

and populations.and populations.


What have I learned?

CITIES AREN'T ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEMS

LANDSCAPES AND ENVIRONMENT AREN'T AESTHETIC PROBLEMS


Cities are socio-ecological systems, open systems, inducing more or less great impacts on physical and biological factors

What choices and for whom?Do we care for the environment? for the Earth?

the urban choices impact on the whole environmentand the environment must be considered in its entirety, wholeness and harmony...



shifting the architecture definition of Morris to urban and regional planning

WE CAN GIVE A DEFINITION OF PLANNING AS ...



Any action which tends to change the spatial organization, changing the distribution of the population, of manufacturing plants, of business and commercial settlements,

modifying infrastructures, altering the relationships between them, is an act of planning

positive or negativeaccess to social facilities, to transportation system, to natural beauty,

social exclusivity, degradation inconvenience, social segregation or unhealthiness

URBAN PLANNING IS A PROCESS, MUST BE CONSISTENT IN ALL SECTORS COMPETING TOWARDS THE SAME GOALS

strategic plans and implementation plans; economic resources allocation and programming,

public works, transport, education and culture; improving monitoring and assessment tools



THE COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS DYNAMICS,

AND CAPABILITY TO GOVERNANCE TO IMPLEMENT VARIOUS AND COMPLEX STRATEGIES ...

EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT REQUIRES THE COLLECTION OF GEOREFERENCED

DATA AND INFORMATION ...

AND ACCOUNTABILITY WHY WE WORK ...



in name of the people, for the people, by the people

that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that this government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not

perish from this earth. 1865 - Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address



in name of the people, for the people, by the people

that this PLANET shall have a new birth of freedom, and that this government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish

from this earth. 1865 - Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address [2012 revised]



FOR A NEW ALLIANCE

This speech is dedicated towho is opinion leader, who governs the territory, who prepares plans and designs, who is a student or a scientist. In particular, to be honest, is dedicated to the citizens who inhabit the Earth: please, keep attention to its languages, investigate the past, be sensitive to the earliest signs of the future, because the Earth is fragile.Aware, we must work for the poetry of living. Actions and energies should be combined in knowledge. The power of technology has to take care of the fragility in which we are immersed and of which we live. The alliance among living beings and alliance with the wholeness of biosphere.In his name we must turn away from that terrible collective madness, we are sadly aware, which so far has directed a so considerable part of our history.



Enseignant qui ouvre les ailes des enfants et les fait voler pour leur enseigner la liberté, mais pas une liberté gratuite ou indifférente, ni pire encore, le rejet des règles qui permettent de penser et de faire.

… like a flock of starlings ...


grazie per l'attenzione

(da parte della rana)

02 lm small-planet_ws2015

Education

introduction luca marescotti

disseminating luca marescotti

transdisciplinary introduction

complex problems

ilya prigogine

long time

age of transition

adequate resources