Organelles in animal Organelles in animal and plant cellsand plant cells

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NucleolusNucleolus membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that

manufactures ribosomes, the cell's protein-manufactures ribosomes, the cell's protein-producing structuresproducing structures

after a cell divides, a nucleolus is formed when after a cell divides, a nucleolus is formed when chromosomes are brought together into nucleolar chromosomes are brought together into nucleolar organizing regions organizing regions

during cell division, the nucleolus disappearsduring cell division, the nucleolus disappears

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NucleusNucleus a highly specialized organelle that serves as the a highly specialized organelle that serves as the

information processing and administrative center information processing and administrative center of the cellof the cell

two major functions: two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNAit stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA it coordinates the cell's activities, which include it coordinates the cell's activities, which include

growth, intermediary metabolism, protein growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division)synthesis, and reproduction (cell division)

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Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear Envelope double-layered membrane that encloses the contents double-layered membrane that encloses the contents

of the nucleus during most of the cell's lifecycleof the nucleus during most of the cell's lifecycle

appears to connect with the rough endoplasmic appears to connect with the rough endoplasmic reticulumreticulum

perforated with tiny holes called nuclear poresperforated with tiny holes called nuclear pores

these pores regulate the passage of molecules these pores regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, permitting between the nucleus and cytoplasm, permitting some to pass through the membrane, but not others.some to pass through the membrane, but not others.

during mitosis, or cell division, the nuclear envelope during mitosis, or cell division, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, but reforms as the two cells complete disintegrates, but reforms as the two cells complete their formation and the chromatin begins to unravel their formation and the chromatin begins to unravel and disperse and disperse

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Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum network of sacs that manufactures, processes, network of sacs that manufactures, processes,

and transports chemical compounds for use and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cellinside and outside of the cell

connected to double-layered nuclear envelope, connected to double-layered nuclear envelope, providing a pipeline between the nucleus and providing a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm the cytoplasm

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Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus the distribution and shipping the distribution and shipping

department for the cell's chemical department for the cell's chemical productsproducts

modifies proteins and fats built in the modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export to the outside of the them for export to the outside of the cell cell

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RibosomesRibosomes tiny organelles composed of tiny organelles composed of

approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 percent proteinpercent protein

in eukaryotes, ribosomes are made of in eukaryotes, ribosomes are made of four strands of RNAfour strands of RNA

in prokaryotes, they consist of three in prokaryotes, they consist of three strands of RNA strands of RNA

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MitochondriaMitochondria oblong shaped oblong shaped

organelles that are organelles that are found in the cytoplasm found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cellof every eukaryotic cell

main power main power generators, converting generators, converting oxygen and nutrients oxygen and nutrients into energy in animal into energy in animal cellscells

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LysosomesLysosomes main function of these microbodies is main function of these microbodies is

digestiondigestion

found in animal cells onlyfound in animal cells only

break down cellular waste products and break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple debris from outside the cell into simple compounds, which are transferred to compounds, which are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials materials

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PeroxisomesPeroxisomes A major function of A major function of

the peroxisome is the peroxisome is the breakdown of the breakdown of fatty acid fatty acid moleculesmolecules

Contain enzymes Contain enzymes

that rid the cell of that rid the cell of toxic peroxides toxic peroxides

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CentriolesCentrioles self-replicating organelles self-replicating organelles

made up of nine bundles made up of nine bundles of microtubules and are of microtubules and are found only in animal cellsfound only in animal cells

appear to help in appear to help in organizing cell division, organizing cell division, but aren't essential to the but aren't essential to the process process

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ChloroplastsChloroplasts the most important characteristic of the most important characteristic of

plants is their ability to photosynthesize, plants is their ability to photosynthesize, in effect, to make their own food by in effect, to make their own food by converting light energy into chemical converting light energy into chemical energyenergy

this process is carried out in specialized this process is carried out in specialized organelles called chloroplasts organelles called chloroplasts

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VacuoleVacuole Each plant cell has Each plant cell has

a large, single a large, single vacuole that stores vacuole that stores compounds, helps compounds, helps in plant growth, in plant growth, and plays an and plays an important important structural role for structural role for the plant the plant

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Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane In prokaryotes, the membrane is the inner layer In prokaryotes, the membrane is the inner layer

of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wallof protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall

Eukaryotic animal cells have only the membrane Eukaryotic animal cells have only the membrane to contain and protect their contentsto contain and protect their contents

These membranes also regulate the passage of These membranes also regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the cells molecules in and out of the cells

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Cilia and FlagellaCilia and Flagella for single-celled eukaryotes, cilia and for single-celled eukaryotes, cilia and

flagella are essential for the flagella are essential for the locomotion of individual organismslocomotion of individual organisms

in multicellular organisms, cilia in multicellular organisms, cilia function to move fluid or materials function to move fluid or materials past an immobile cell as well as past an immobile cell as well as moving a cell or group of cells moving a cell or group of cells

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Cell WallCell Wall plant cells have a rigid wall plant cells have a rigid wall

surrounding the plasma membranesurrounding the plasma membrane

serves a variety of functions, from serves a variety of functions, from protecting the cell to regulating the protecting the cell to regulating the life cycle of the plant organism life cycle of the plant organism

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