02 theoretical basis continue
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
1/61
TẬP ĐOÀN DẦU KHÍ VIỆT NAM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DẦU KHÍ VIỆT NAM
THEORETICAL BASIS(continue)
Lecturer : MSc Luong Hai LinhEmail : [email protected] : +84 1234 081 666
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
2/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 2
Content
Darcy’s law
Flow regimes
Skin effect
Nodal analysis
Inflow performance relationship (IPR)
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
3/61
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
4/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
The linear IPR for a reservoir that presents some skin effectis then:
4
Skin effect
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
5/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 5
Skin effect
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
6/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
The flow efficiency coefficient is defined as the ratiobetween the drawdown with no skin effect to the drawdownwith skin:
= −
= 1
141,2ℎ
6
Skin effect
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
7/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 7
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
8/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
For a saturated IPR we have:
= 1 (1 ) (1) − = 1 (2)
Or:
= 1 1 (1 ) 1
8
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
9/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 9
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
10/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
The value of J is:
= = (3)From (1)we have:
= ( + ) − − (4)From (2): − = (5)(3),(4),(5), we have:
= + − (6)
10
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
11/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
(2),(6) we have:
= 2 1 1
The value of is: = 2 1 1
= 2(1 )(1 )
11
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
12/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
For
to be zero we have:
0 = 2(1 )(1 ) = 22 2
The value of FE can not be higher than this critical value
12
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
13/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 13
Skin effect- saturated reservoir
For Vogel the maximum value of FE is 1,125
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
14/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
Nodal analysis
14
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
15/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
Individual components analysis is adequate whencomponents don’t interact with each other
In two phase flow, pressure drop is function not only offlowrates but also of pressure level at the component
This creates an interdependence between each componentIndividual component analysis is no longer applicable
A new tool is necessary- Nodal analys is
15
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
16/61
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
17/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 17
Nodal analysis
= ∆( , )
The inflow pressure at the node represents the pressurethe inflow section can deliver the flowrate q at the node
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
18/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 18
Nodal analysis
= ∆( , )
The outflow pressure at the node represents the pressurethe outflow section requires to produce the flowrate q up to
the separator.
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
19/61
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
20/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 20
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
21/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 21
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
22/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 22
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
23/61Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 23
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
24/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 24
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
25/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 25
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
26/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 26
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
27/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 27
Nodal analysis
d l l
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
28/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 28
Nodal analysis
d l l
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
29/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 29
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
30/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 30
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
31/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 31
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
32/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 32
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
33/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 33
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
34/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 34
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
35/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 35
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
36/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 36
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
37/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
Example:
Perform a Nodal analysis for the following well:
- IPR: Vogel with = 5000 / and = 4500 - Separator pressure = 450 psig
- The pressure drop at the flowline, and production string isgiven in the following table
37
Nodal analysis
N d l l i
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
38/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 38
Nodal analysis
Nod l n l sis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
39/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 39
Nodal analysis
Nodal analysis
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
40/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 40
Nodal analysis
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
41/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh
If the system is disturbed from the equilibrium point, it will
readjust itself to restore equilibrium
If an unstable system is disturbed, it will readjust itself to bea stable point
This is a transient problem and the steady state nodalanalysis tool is very limited for explaining this phenomena
41
Nodal analysis-stability
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
42/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 42
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
43/61
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
44/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 44
Nodal analysis-stability
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
45/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 45
Nodal analysis-stability
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
46/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 46
Nodal analysis-stability
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
47/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 47
Nodal analysis-stability
As a consequence, for the situation illustrated, the transient
coupling between the tubing and the reservoir will generatethe driving force to promote equilibrium
For any small disturbances in the system, the reservoir and
tubing will interact to bring the production back toequilibrium point
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
48/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 48
Nodal analysis-stability
Two equilibrium points
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
49/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 49
Two equilibrium points
Stable and unstable conditions
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
50/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 50
Stable and unstable conditions
Stable and unstable conditions
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
51/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 51
Stable and unstable conditions
Stable and unstable conditions
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
52/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 52
Stable and unstable conditions
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
53/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 53
Point B is an unstable operating point
If the flowrate is decreased from the equilibrium point, thewell is going to die
If the flowrates is increased from the equilibrium point, the
well is going to produce the next stable flowrate valueThis is a very important and common phenomenon in thefield
A well with this IPR~OPR behavior can not produce thestable flowrate without some help
Nodal analysis stability
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
54/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 54
Point B represents a barrier that the well needs to
overcome in order to produce under stable conditions. Thisis usually accomplished by inducing flow in the well
If this well dies it can not be put into production simply byopening the choke or valves
If the well has an artificial lift installed it can be put intoproduction by using the lift system to help the wellovercome the unstable point B. After that if artificial lift is not
required you can leave the well under natural flowIf we don’t have an artificial lift system installed we can:rock the well, nitrogen injection, swab, etc
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
55/61
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
56/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 56
Nodal analysis stability
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
57/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 57
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
58/61
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
59/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 59
Nodal analysis stability
Nodal analysis-stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
60/61
Production engineeringMSc Luong Hai Linh 60
Nodal analysis stability
-
8/18/2019 02 Theoretical Basis Continue
61/61
END OF CHAPTER 2