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CDMA Service and

MAP Signaling Flow

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Basic service

Mobility managementBasic callSecurity function

Supplementary service

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CAPMAPMAP

TUP/ISUP

TO PSTN

HLR

MSC/VLR/SSP

SCP

BSS BSS

TUP/ISUP

MAP

MSC/VLR

BSSAP BSSAP

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MAP signaling

MAP protocols include interfaces among MSC, VLR, HLR, AUCand SC. MAP signaling realizes the information exchange betweenentities by means of protocol stipulations. Most signalings are interacted

by one transmission and one receipt simultaneously. MAP signaling istransmitted via SS7, and lies on the upper side of MTP, SCCP and TCAPlayers.

Its main function is to switch non circuit-related data and signaling

between MSC,HLR and VLR and so on.

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Basic service



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This function is developed in line with the specialty of mobile

Communication network and meets the special requirements of mobile

communication .

1. The Registration/De-registration Function2. MS inactive function

When a registered roaming MS is confirmed to be inactive, the

MSC/VLR will initiate an MS inactive operation to release the

resources occupied by such subscriber.

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the main signaling involved:

1. REGNOTit initiates from VLR to HLR , Report the new registration location

of MS, and meanwhile approves MS, and acquires the profile of

MS.

2. REGCAN

HLR sends to the original VLR that the MS belongs to, Report that

the formerly-registered MS is beyond its service.

3. CANDENVLR sends to the HLR ,it denys deleting mss data from database

4. MSINACT

VLR notices to the HLR that the ms is inactive(stop activities)

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1. Mobile station registration

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a When the BS receives the registration request from the mobile station, it

sends a Location Update Request message to the current service system

(MSC/VLR2) to start the registration process;

b The current service system sends the registration notification message

REGNOT to the MS's HLR.

purpose

1 report MSs location MSCID,VLRID,VLRIN

2 report MSs status activation inactive

3 get MSs approvable information 4 get MSs profile

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c If the MS has previously registered elsewhere, the HLR will send the

registration cancellation notification message REGCANC to the previoussystem MSC/VLR1, and MSC/VLR1 will delete all the records of the

involved MS from the database.

d MSC/VLR1 returns the registration cancellation result to the HLR.

e HLR returns the registration notification result to MSC/VLR2, include

the users profile or approval information.

f If the registration is successful, MSC/VLR2 will send the Location

Update Accept message to the BS indicating the successful registration of

MS.

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Registration signaling tracer

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a The serving MSC/VLR determines to perform de-registration basedon the MS's shutdown (power off) indication or other inactivereasons.

b The serving MSC/VLR deletes all the records of the involved MSand sends the MSINACT message with the cancelled registrationtype parameters to the HLR.

c. The HLR deletes the pointer that points to the MSC/VLR from theMS data and sends a null MSINACT to the MSC/VLR to confirmoperation..

2.MS de-registration

MSC/VLRMS

a

b

HRL/AU

Power off

msinact c

MSINACT(DEREG)

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3. MS Inactive When a registered roaming MS is confirmed to be inactive, the

MSC/VLR will initiate an MS inactive operation to release theresources occupied by such subscriber.

a When a registered roaming MS is confirmed to be no longer active, theMSC/VLR marks the MS as deactivated, and sends the MSINACT messageto the HLR.

b The HLR sets the MS as deactivated, deletes the pointer of theMSC/VLR, and then sends the msinact to the MSC/VLR to confirmthe operation.

MSC/VLR

a

HRL/AU

msinact b

MSINACT(DEREG)

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Basic service



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basic conception:

1.the calling:the user who initiates a call;2.the called: the user who receive a call;3.local office call: the calling and the called are in the same msc/vlr;4.inter-office call :the calling and the called are not in the same msc/vlr;

the main signaling involved:1.LOCREQ(Location Request):The initiating MSC adopts this message to acquire data for call handling from HLR. This callis identified by the number in the called mobile station directory received by MSC.

2. ROUTREQ(Route Request): this message is only used when the calling and the called arenot in the same msc/vlr.

Used to request the determination of route for a specific ms .

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MSC/VLR/SSP

CM_Service_Request

HLR/AUC

Location Request

Assignment Request

Assignment Complete

Page Request

Page Response

BSS

a

b

c

d

e

f

Location Result

g

h

i

Assignment Request

Assignment Complete

1. Local office calL(mobile user to mobile user)

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A. The BS sends the CM Service Request message to the MSC, carrying the calledNumber and other parameters needed to set up the call.

B. If the calling is legal, the MSC sends the Assignment Request message to the BS,starts to assign ground circuit and instruct the BS to assign service channel for the calling.

C. The BS completes channel assignment and then sends the Assignment Complete

message to the MSC.

D. When the MSC confirms the called party is a mobile subscriber through numberanalysis and the HLR address of the called number is traceable, the MSC will sendLocation Request message to the HLR of the called party requesting its physical location.

E. The HLR will give a Location Result message correspondingly informing the MSC of the present location of the called party. In this example, both the calling and the calledparties are subscribers of a same MSC.

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Call Signaling Tracer of the same msc/vlr

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2 Inter office c lL(mobile ser to mobile ser)

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a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

BSC MSC/VLR HLR

CMserviceReq(IMSI,ESN,MIN,CalledNum,Mobile Identity)

AssignReq(Channel Type,CIC)

AssignCmp(Channel Number,LAI,CI)

LOCREQ(MSCID,BILLID,DGTSDIAL,SystemTypeCode)

locreq(MSCID,MIN,ESN,TERMLIST,REDIND)

PageReq(IMSI,LAI)

PageRsp(IMSI,ESN)



Connect

MSC/VLR BSC

ROUTREQ(MSCID,BILLID,NIN,ESN,SystemTypeCode)

routreq(MSCID,Digits(TLDN))

IAI

ACM

k

l

m

n

oANC

Conversation

2. Inter- office calL(mobile user to mobile user)

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B. If the subscriber is legal, the MSC sends the Assignment Request message to the BS,starts to assign ground circuit and instruct the BS to assign service channel for the MS.


message to the MSC.


E. The HLR find the called and the calling are not in the same msc/vlr through mscid(vlrin),So HLR send the route request message to the msc/vlr of the called requesting the calleds Route information.

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f. The msc/vlr of the called returns the roureq message ,include the TLDN allocated by theMsc/vrl of the called.

g. HLR returns the the locreq response message ,include the location information of theCalled and indicates the call type is inter-office;h. The original msc/vlr send the IAI message to the destination msc/vlr according to theTLDNi. MSC sends the paging request message to the BS where the called MS is located.

j. The BS sends the paging response message to the MSC.k. If the subscriber is legal, the MSC sends the Assignment Request message to the BS,starts to assign ground circuit and instruct the BS to assign service channel for the MS.l. The BS completes channel assignment and then sends the Assignment Completemessage to the MSC.m. The msc/vlr of the called send ACM message ,the calling hears ring- back tone.n. The called hooks off, BSC send connect message to msc/vlrO .Msc/vlr of the called send ANC message to the calling , conversation begins.

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a

b

c

d

e

f

BSC MSC/VLR PSTN

CMserviceReq(IMSI,ESN,MIN,CalledNum,Mobile Identity)



IAI

ACM

ANC

Conversation

3. Outgoing Call ( MOBILE USER TO FIXED USER)

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4. Incoming Call (FIXED USER TO MOBILE USER)

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

i

h

j

PSTN MSC/VLR BSC





PageReq(IMSI,LAI)

PageRsp(IMSI,ESN)

Connect

IAI

HLR

ACM

ANC

Conversation

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A. GMSC sends the IAI message with the called address to the called party

B. When the MSC confirms the called party is a mobile subscriber through number

analysis and the HLR address of the called number is traceable, the MSC will sendLocation Request message to the HLR of the called party requesting its physical locati

c. The HLR will give a Location Result message correspondingly informing the MSC of

the present location of the called party.

d. MSC sends the paging request message to the BS where the called MS is located.

e. The BS sends the paging response message to the MSC.

f. f and g assign ground circuit and air channel.

h. The BS sends the ACM message to the calling, and the calling hears the ring-back tone.

i. The called hooks off, BSC send connect message to msc/vlrJ. Msc/vlr send ANC message to PSTN, conversation begins.

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Basic service



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Authentication parameters

A-KEY MIN ESN SSD and authenticationalgorithm

This function is designed to protect legal subscribers and prevent phony

subscribers from "invasion". Each registered subscriber has been given a

subscriber number, mobile station identification number (MIN) and anauthentication key (A-KEY). The MIN and A-KEY are written into the

subscriber's mobile phone by means of air activation service or special equipment.

By means of SSD updating, a Shared Secret Data (SSD), which is to be used future

authentication and encryption algorithm calculation, is generated in both the AUC

and the subscriber's mobile phone to be used for. If the VLR visited supports SSD

sharing, this SSD is also saved in the VLR.

The 128-bit SSD is divided into two parts, 64-bit SSD_A for authentication

calculation and the 64-bit SSD_B for the encryption calculation respectively.

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RAND32

ESN32

SSD_A_NEW64

MIN124

Auth_SignatureProcedure

AUTHR18

RAND_CALLENGE ESN AUTH_DATA SSD_AUTH

RANDSSD56 ESN32 A-Key64

SSD_GenerationProcedure

SSD_A_NEW64

SSD_B_NEW64

SSD generation algorithm authentication algorithm

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The authentication data in AUC:

MIN,ESN,A-Key,SSD(SSD-A and SSD-B)

The authentication data in VLR when VLR supports SSD sharing :MIN,ESN,SSD(SSD-A and SSD-B)

SSD: shared secret data

It is generated by A-Key,ESN,RandSSD and CAVE algorithm It can not betransmitted between MSC/VLR and BSC .it can be stored in AUC,MS andVLR (support ssd sharing)

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AUTHREQ(authentication request):authenticate an MS with authentication capabiity

VLR to AUC when the ms is needed

2.AUTHDIR(authentication direction)

AUC can initiate unique inquiry SSD updateor VLR initiates unique inquiry .

BSCHALL(Base station inquiry):

ASREPORT

AFREPORT: report MS authentication failure

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Taking registration for example

MSC/VLRMS

a

b

HLR/AUC

OMT(AUTH=1,RAND)

Location Updata Request(RANDC,AUTHR,COUNT)

AUTHREQ(RAND,AUTHR,COUNT)

authreq

REGNOT

regnot

d

e

f

c

1. Gloable challenge

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HLR/AUCMS MSC/VLR

U nique random inquiry request

U nique random response

ASREPORT[min,esn]

asreport[]

a

b

c

d

e

f

AUTHDIR

[min,esn,randssd,randu,authu]

authdir[]

2. Unique inquiry:

This procedure can be initiated by AUC and VLR(only SSD is shared)

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3.SSD updating:when the SSD valuses of the MS don not match with those In the AUC ,or in

consideration of security,AUC need to perfom SSD updating to the MS.

HLR/AUCMS MSC/VLR

SSD updating request

B ase station request

B ase station response

SSD updating response

U nique random inquiry request

U nique random response

ASREPORT[min,esn]

asreport[]

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

bschall[authbs]

AUTHDIR[min,esn,randssd,randu,authu]

BSCHALL[min,esn,randbs]

authdir[]

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a. AUC determines whether it is necessary to update the shared secret data(SSD) in MS. This determination can be made according to some reasonssuch as AUC management procedure or AUC authentication timer timeout.AUC applies ESN, A-key, and RANDSSD provided by AUC to execute CAVE togenerate a new SSD value. note: Ac must save the new SSD and the old SSD until receive the updating rusult infomed byVLR .

AUC sends authentication direction message (AUTHDIR) to MSC/VLR where MS iscurrently located.

b. Service MSC/VLR delivers authdir to HLR/AUC .c. The service MSC/VLR employs the RANDSSD value provided by HLR/AUC to send

an SSD updating direction.

d. MS applies ESN, A-key, and RANDSSD provided by SSD updating direction toexecute CAVE to generate a new SSD value. MS selects a random number RANDBS,and sends the base station inquiry direction to the service MSC, RANDBS included.Then, MS executes CAVE by adopting the new SSD-A, ESN, MIN1 and the randomnumber (RANDBS) to generate an authentication result (AUTHBS).

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j. MS employs RANDU, and currently saved SSD-A, ESN,

MIN1 and MIN2 to execute CAVE for generating a uniqueinquiry authentication response (AUTHU); then, sendsAUTHU to MSC/VLR. The service MSC/VLR compares theAUTHU provided by AUTHDIR with that received from theMS.

K. The service MSC/VLR sends an ASREPORT toMSC/VLR, reporting the success or failure of SSD updatingand unique inquiries.

L. The new SSD will be saved by HLR/AU and used for futureexecution of CAVE. The asreport sent from HLR/AUC toMSC/VLR specifies the services available for MS.

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Basic service



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1. Call forwarding services1) Call forward unconditional (CFU)

When this supplementary service has been activated, all the incomingcalls to the subscriber concerned will be unconditionally forwardedto a third party subscriber registered by such called subscriber.

2) Call forward busy (CFB)With this service activated, all incoming calls to a mobile subscriberwill be forwarded to a third subscriber registered by such

subscriber when he is busy.3)Call forward no answer (CFNA) No answer means that the called mobile subscriber does not hook off

for a long time after the MS rings. When the CFNA service has beenactivated, incoming calls of the subscriber will be forwarded to a

third party if the mobile subscriber does not answer.

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4) Call Forward Default (CFD)By CFD (call forward default), in case of no paging response or noanswer of a mobile subscriber, or the mobile subscriber is

unavailable due to he is in a blind area, the system will forwardthe call to a third party. This function is actually a combination of

CFB and CFNA.2. of Call barring services

Call barring services include originating call barring services andincoming call barring services.

1) Subscriber PIN access (SPINA)When this service has been activated, the subscriber will not be ableto access to the MS unless he can provide the correct -PIN.

2) Subscriber PIN interrupter (SPINI)When this service is activated, the subscriber dials a certain number,meeting the predefined conditions such as local call, national call,international call etc., the corresponding PIN must be inputted

before the call can be continued.

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3) Password calling acceptance (PCA)

PCA service provides a call filtering function. When the MS that hassubscribed for this service acts as the called party, the calling

subscriber must input the correct password before the call can beaccepted.

4) Selective Call Acceptance (SCA)The SCA service also provides a call filtering function. With this serviceactivated, the subscriber can accept only calls from the numbersspecified in the SCA filtration list, and all other calls will be rejected.5) Do-Not-Disturb Service (DND)Once this service has been activated, the subscriber will not receiveany incoming calls.

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3. Number identification server

1) Calling Number Identification Presentation (CNIP)This service is a called-party-initiated service. If a subscriber has subscribedfor the CNIP service, he will receive the calling number at the same time whenhe receives an incoming call.

2) Calling Number Identification Restriction (CNIR)This is of calling initiating service for restricting the calling line identificationrepresentation for the connected line.

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4. Other supplementary servers 1) Call Waiting (CW)With this service subscribed for, when no channel is available for an incoming call, thecalled subscriber will be notified and the call will be holding on. The called subscribercan decided whether to answer the call. Only one waiting call is acceptable at a time.2) Conference call (CC)This service permits calls among more than two subscribers. With this service subscribedfor, the subscriber can hold a telephone conference at any time as the controlling party.The controlling party can add the members of the conference by inputting telephonenumbers one by one.3) Call transfer (CT)When a two-party call is ongoing, one of the subscribers can transfer the call to a thirdparty and disconnect himself, so that the other subscriber continues the conversation

with the third subscriber.4) Three-Way Calling (3WC)This service allows the telephone conversation among three parties.5) Remote service control (RSC)

By means of this service, the subscribers can perform certain operations, such as calforwarding services etc., on other own terminals (fixed telephone set or mobile handset).

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a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

BSC MSC/VLR HLRCMserviceReq(IMSI,ESN,MIN,CalledNum,Mobile Identity)





PageReq(IMSI,LAI)

PageRsp(IMSI,ESN)



Connect



k

l

MSC/VLR

ROUTREQ(MSCID,BILLID,NIN,ESN,SystemTypeCode)

routreq(MSCID,AccDenRsn)

m

n

1.Call forward busy (CFB): A B C ;A and B not in the same msc/vlr,A andC in the same msc/vlr;

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B. If the subscriber is legal, the MSC sends the Assignment Request message to the BS,starts to assign ground circuit and instruct the BS to assign service channel for the MS.


message to the MSC.


E. The HLR find the called and the calling are not in the same msc/vlr through mscid,So HLR send the route request message to the msc/vlr of the called requesting the calleds Route information.

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