Republic of Indonesia

TAHUN PADI INTERNASIONAL

2 0 0 4

padi adalah kehidupan

Republic of Indonesia

Republic of Indonesia

Indonesia ranks third in production after China and India

Staple food for >90% Indonesian people, providing >70% national caloric needs

Grown by > 90% of small subsistence farmers

Livelihood for >60% Indonesian people

Relates to besides food safety and security, to security and politics, malnutrition and poverty, etc.

RICE: The Strategic Commodity

Republic of Indonesia

Republic of Indonesia

LOWLAND RICE SITUATION

IN INDONESIA

Contributes 95% of total rice production in the country

Yields have become stagnant, even with decreasing production trend

Technology exhaustion is apparent

Water scarcity limits production

Soil degradation has been occuring

Unproductive and inefficient methods

Decreasing farmer’s motivation due to factors such as cost-price squeeze

Republic of Indonesia

Rice & Labor

Republic of Indonesia

Integrated Crop and Resources Management (ICM) is an innovative approach to increase the productivity and efficiency of rice farming through a systems approach. It seeks to improve farmer practices with technology that capitalizes on :

* synergistic effects,

* participatory approaches, and

* location-specific innovations.

• ICM technology package seeks to match biophysical and socio-economic factors, being oriented to sustainable resource use and problem-solving

ICM ICM ICM ICM

Republic of Indonesia

ICM model (for Indonesia) considered :ICM model (for Indonesia) considered : Recommendations of the Agriculture and Recommendations of the Agriculture and

Environment Conference FAO (1991)Environment Conference FAO (1991)

Agriculture and Environment Conference, Agriculture and Environment Conference, Japan (1995)Japan (1995)

Lowland Rice Research Consortium IRRI Lowland Rice Research Consortium IRRI Approach (1999)Approach (1999)

SRI experience, Madagascar/CIIFAD (1985-SRI experience, Madagascar/CIIFAD (1985-2000)2000)

ICM was based on :ICM was based on :

o Experiences from IPM program,Experiences from IPM program, Mega Mega project, lessons learned from National Rice project, lessons learned from National Rice Intensification Program, and SRI as the Intensification Program, and SRI as the inspirationinspiration

Chronology of ICM approach Chronology of ICM approach development and implementation development and implementation Chronology of ICM approach Chronology of ICM approach development and implementation development and implementation

Republic of Indonesia

o Implementation in the Implementation in the Increasing Increasing Integrated Rice Productivity ProgramIntegrated Rice Productivity Program (P3T) (2002-2004)(P3T) (2002-2004)

o Continuing implementation in Continuing implementation in Improvement Intensification Quality Improvement Intensification Quality ProgramProgram (PMI) in 37 districts in 22 (PMI) in 37 districts in 22 provinces (2003)provinces (2003)

o Replication on the PMI area in 199 Replication on the PMI area in 199 districts in 24 provinces (2004)districts in 24 provinces (2004)

Stages of ICM model development:Stages of ICM model development:

o Initiation and technology component Initiation and technology component research (1998/99 >)research (1998/99 >)

o Field research and assessment linkage in Field research and assessment linkage in 12 provinces (2001-2003) 12 provinces (2001-2003)

Comparison of previous Supra Insus and current ICM strategy

Characteristics Strategy of Supra Insus

Strategy of ICM

Dimension Political impetus More technical & social approach

Choice of technology component

Top-down (coercive) Bottom-up (participatory)

Recommended technology

General recommendations

Location-specific recommendations

Technology package status

Synergistic effects between technology components and technology package with resources and environment not considered

Consider synergistic effects between technology components & technology package with resources and environment

Methods for development and extension

Mass movementLess scientific approachPartial

Modeling & participatory approachScientific approachHolistic

Republic of Indonesia

Synergism

Suitable to location characteristics and local problem (if any)

Compatible to socio-economic conditions

Based on local resources and sustainable environment

Characteristics of ICM technology Characteristics of ICM technology componentcomponent

Technology Package for ICMTechnology Package for ICM

Republic of Indonesia

• Single young seedling (10-15 day) Single young seedling (10-15 day)

• Organic matter/manure applicationOrganic matter/manure application

• Soil aeration improvement (intermittent Soil aeration improvement (intermittent irrigation)irrigation)

• Site specific nutrient management Site specific nutrient management (SSNM) : Leaf color chart (LCC), Soil (SSNM) : Leaf color chart (LCC), Soil analysis or Omission plot approachesanalysis or Omission plot approaches

Main components of ICM Main components of ICM

Republic of Indonesia

Selected variety and good seed quality

Weed control

IPM

Post harvest handling

Etc.

Supporting components of ICM Supporting components of ICM

ICM evaluation and development in some provinces of Indonesia

RIAU

LAMPUNG

WEST JAVA

Jakarta

95

100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

5

0

5

10

15

RIAU

LAMPUNG

WEST JAVA

Jakarta

95

100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

5

0

5

10

15

RIAU

LAMPUNG

WEST JAVA

Jakarta

95

100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

5

0

5

10

15

2001 2002 2003

Results of ICM evaluation (assessment) in 13 provinces of Indonesia, 2001-2002

Average yield increases:Average yield increases:

** Season I Season I == 16.4 % 16.4 % [0.4 – 2.7 t/ha][0.4 – 2.7 t/ha]

** Season II Season II == 28.4 % 28.4 % [0.4 – 1.9 t/ha][0.4 – 1.9 t/ha]

** SeasonSeason III III == 18.5 % 18.5 % [0.5 – 1.7 t/ha][0.5 – 1.7 t/ha]

Saving seed 15-40 kg/haSaving seed 15-40 kg/ha

Saving Urea 140-200 kg/haSaving Urea 140-200 kg/ha

Price at harvest tends to be higherPrice at harvest tends to be higher

More resistant to diseases ??More resistant to diseases ??

Become part of national rice production programs

Performance of New Varieties applied in ICM assessment (1)

New variety ICM (kg/ha)

Non-ICM (kg/ha)

Increment (%)

IR-64 6,780 5,655 19.9

Ciherang 8,660 6,795 15.6

Way Apoburu 7,413 5,160 31.3

Memberamo 8,220 6,200 24.3

Tukad Balian 6,845 5,603 22.2

NPT-Fatmawati

8,685 6,865 24.4

HV Rokan 9,050 7,984 13.4

HV Maro 8,867 7,773 14.1

Sintanur 7,815 6,277 24.5

Performance of new varieties in ICM assessment (2)

New variety ICM (kg/ha)

Non-ICM (kg/ha)

Increment (%)

Code 8,151 7,423 9.8

Batang Gadis 7,966 7,022 13.4

Towuti 7,115 5,920 20.2

Cirata 6,980 5,700 22.5

Average IR64 6,786 5,655 19.9

Average of Non IR64

7,480 6,360 17.6

Cultural techniques, yield, cost and income of ICM implementation of 28 sites of Increasing Integrated Rice Productivity Program

Parameter Non-ICM ICM

Seed sowed (kg/ha) 40 24

Seed age (day) 25 18

Seedling/hill >5 3

N-fertilizer used (kg urea/ha) 255 216

P-fertilizer used (kg SP-36/ha) 83 79

K-fertilizer used (kg KCl/ha) 26 46

Organic matter applied (t/ha) 0 0.9

Average yield (t/ha) 5.24 6.27

Total cost (Rp 000/ha) 3,628 3,926

Profit (Rp 000/ha) 2.659 3,691

Added Profit (Rp 000/ha) - 940-1200

Potency of increasing rice yield Potency of increasing rice yield through ICM approachthrough ICM approach

Research (plot & demonstration farm of 1-2.5 ha)

Yield : 5.8–9.2 t/ha (7.9 t/ha) Yield Increment : 26.6 – 47.8% (37%) R/C : 1.5 >>> 2.44

Assessment (On-Farm Trial of 1.0 -5.0 ha, )• Yield : 5.3–8.8 t/ha (7.2 t/ha) • Yield Increment : 8.7 – 38.6% (27%)• R/C : 1.3 >>> 2.67

Implementation at farmers’ field (50-100 ha, 30 locations of P3T)• Yield : 4.2 – 8.8 t/ha (5.8 t/ha) • Yield Increment : 1.14 t0/ha (3.2 – 27.7% (16%)

Republic of Indonesia

CONCLUSION

• Irrigated areas will be exploited in more intensive ways

• Water scarcity and soil problems threatens the sustainability of rice production

• Change the strategy, methodology, and approach

• Increasing yield, farmers' income, and improving soil fertility through the ICM are the objectives of rice development

• ICM is a new systems of rice intensification

• ICM is one of a approach for Rice Sufficient in Indonesia

Republic of Indonesia