04.study of effectivity of porous inflitration model for urban flooding control (j. patanduk)

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STUDY OF EFFECTIVITY OF POROUS INFILTRATION MODEL FOR URBAN FLOODING

CONTROL

Johannes Patanduk 1, Mukhsan Putra Hatta2, Halidin Arfan3, and Ahmad Zubair 4

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine the basic characteristics of the soil infiltration capacity and parameter in surface

runoff, by creating a porous diffusion method. Model studies done by designing a modified rainfall simulator experiments

including media equipment calibration and adjustment procedures. Model leach tests conducted using soil and sand stone

material. The results showed that the characteristics of the soil material in the category clay silt soils with permeability values

generated 9.59 x10-7 m / s, this means very low permeability. Material characteristics of sand stone (gravel) with permeability

values generated 1.64 x10-3 m / s. From the analysis of the groundwater layer reduction process occurs as indicated by the

increase in speed of up to eight times the speed of runoff that occurs in the soil.

Keywords: Characteristics of Soil Materials, Porous Materials, Permeability

INTRODUCTIONType of infiltration wells are known in Indonesia, the

first is an introduction of absorption wells by the

(Department of Public Works, 1990) were used to collect

rainwater from the roof. In Indonesia, only a few cities

that use these types of wells. Wells generally have a

diameter of 1 meter and a depth of 3 meters. At the time

of rain water from the roof will flow to the recharge wells

and if the soil has been saturated, water will enter the

drainage system in the form of surface runoff. With these

recharge wells, the flood water can be reduced and

reducing the potential for flooding. (Wahyono, 1999).

Yogyakarta local government has implemented a

catchment wells in residential areas, where infiltration

wells in the residential area will be able to collect rain

water and can be a backup of water in the dry season

arrives. Infiltration wells serves to increase or raise the

ground water, reducing the pool of flood water, prevent

sea water intrusion, reducing the symptoms disappear

local soil and conserve and save water resources for the

long term (Pasaribu, 1999). Therefore, one solution is to

restore function to artificially recharge. This will provide

a double benefit: lower surface runoff and increase

groundwater replenishment (Muttaqin, 2006).

Water infiltration wells is water conservation

engineering in the form of the building is made such that

it resembles the shape of a certain depth dug wells thatserved as rainwater on the roof of the house and infiltrate

it into the ground (MoF, 1994). According to (Waryono,

2004) understanding of the meaning of catchment areas in

the expanse of the landscape, there are five key elements

that must be fulfilled, namely: shaft soil conditions, the

ability to absorb water, has a height difference of shallow

ground water, located in areas with high rainfall> 2,500

mm / year and the vegetation cover in the root system, has

strata (coating) canopy and understorey.

Until now, the drainage design is based on the

philosophy that the water quickly flowed and flooded the

minimum service area. But with increasingly lame water

balance (consumption and availability), we need a

drainage design philosophy is not only safe but also at the

same time the pool of berasas on water conservation

(Sunyoto, 1987).

The research was conducted in October 2012 in the

Laboratory of Soil Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory

courses in Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering

University of Hasanuddin. The research sample was taken

at one location of a pool of 19 points inundation in the

city of Makassar.

Fig. 1 Inundation Location Map samples 1 and 2

From the picture above it appears that there are 19

points of inundation in the city of Makassar in which

areas it is colored green. Of the 19 critical points of a poo

of research is devoted to the local Housing Antang. Below

is shown the location Perumnas Antang inundation area.

This study utilize mariginal as catchment areas

Mariginal land here is very limited land in urban areas

Infiltration model used is porous trapezoidal type, the

International Seminar on Infrastucture Development in Cluster

Island Eastern Part of Indonesia, Baubau, Indonesia



Study of Effectivity of Porous Infiltration Model for Urban Flooding Control

25

model is able to reduce the infiltration of surface water to

30%.

CHARACTERISTIC OF RESEARCH AREAS

Permeability testing performed by Falling Head

Method to determine the ability of the material to be

seeped by water. From the results of soil mechanics

laboratory tests indicate that the permeability of the soil in

the inundation area and the area is not flooded not too

much different from where the permeability of the soil in

the area of inundation between 0.0000959 to 0.00010625

cm / sec. For the density of the soil in the area

waterlogged soil moisture content between 32.41 to

33.63%, the weight of wet soil volume from 1.681 to

1.690 gr/cm3 and dry weight of the soil volume from

1.107 to 1.103 gr/cm3.

TYPICAL RECHARGE POROUSThere are several related research Porous Infiltration

wells referenced in this study, where the infiltration wells porous rectangular shaped, circular or trapezoidal with

widths ato average diameter of 0.8 m -1.4 m and have a

depth of 1.5 m-3 m. Rainwater from the roof flows into

the recharge wells and if the soil has been saturated water

will enter the drainage in the form of surface runoff,

which serves to reduce runoff and improve water filling

the soil and can be a backup water during the dry season

arrives. Given the flood water infiltration wells can be

reduced and the reduction to 30% of surface water to

reduce the potential for flooding.

This research is a development that has been carried

out by previous researchers that construction infiltration

porous so that will be discussed is the construction of a

porous material and then closed with geotextil. As shown below, the scheme is shown using porous infiltration

inundation areas.

DISCUSSIONThe presence of porous material as a substitute for

lead soil infiltration rate is greater than the soil infiltration

rate overall. This happens because the porous material has

a grain size larger than the size of grains of soil so that the

coefficient of permeability of the porous material is

greater than the coefficient of permeability of the soil.

Fig. 2 Rate of Absorption

In figure 17 Absorption Rate Trend In soil samples 1,

2 and porous material showed that the porous material

infiltration rate greater than the infiltration rate of soi

samples 1 and 2. Porous materials have a high

permeability value of 0.0318 cm / sec. This suggests tha

the very low porosity of porous materials, so the time

required to collect water that comes out faster.

.

Fig. 3. Runoff Rate Charts

From the calculation of the rate of runoff of soil

material sample 1, sample 2 and porous material with a

thickness of 18.5 cm soil layer showed constant runoff

occurred at minute 30 with a runoff rate of 28.80 mm /

min.

From the calculation, the porous material can reduce

28.57% of the pool / runoff that occurs in the soil sample

1. While the soil sample 2, the porous material can reduceas much as 21.43%. Because the ground water runoff

greater than the water runoff on porous material, it can be

concluded that the porous material can be an alternative

ground to minimize the occurrence of floods.

REFERENCESDepartemen Pekerjaan Umum, (1990), TATA CARA

PERENCANAAN TEKNIK SUMUR RESAPAN

AIR HUJAN UNTUK LAHAN PEKARANGAN

Jakarta

Dephut. 1994.Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Pembuatan

Bangunan Sumur Resapan Air. Direktorat Jendera

Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Lahan, Jakarta.

Muttaqqin (2006). Teknologi Konservasi Air Tanah

Dengan Sumur Resapan. Jakarta.

Pasaribu, H.S. 1999. DAS Sebagai Satuan Perencanaan

Terpadu Dalam Kaitannya dengan Pengembangan

Wilayah dan Pengembangan Sektoral Berbasiskan

Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Seminar Sehari PERSAKI

”DAS sebagai Satuan Perencaaan Terpadu dalam



J. Patanduk, et al

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Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air”. 21 Desember 1999.

Jakarta.

Sunjoto, Dr. Ir. Dip.HE (1987). “Sistem drainasi air hujan

yang berwawasan lingkungan” Majalah Kontruksi No.

122, Juni 1988.

Wahyono (1999). Teknologi Konservasi Air Tanah

dengan Sumur Resapan. Jakarta.

Waryono, Tarsoen, (2004). Aplikasi Teknologi Sumur

Resapan Ramah Lingkungan Dalam Kancah

Revitalisasi Air Tanah.. Jakarta : UI.

04.study of effectivity of porous inflitration model for urban flooding control (j. patanduk)

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