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Relative Density

Chapters 3.5

Relative Density

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Minimum Density

Pluviate soil fromheight of 25 mm

Vibrate for 8 minutes

Maximum Density

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Cleansand(0≤Fc ≤5%)

Sandw/fines(5≤Fc ≤15%)

Sandw/finesandclay(15≤Fc ≤30%)

Relative Density Correlations

0.072 1.53

Relative Density Correlations

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Soil Consistency

Chapter 3.6

BRICK MUDPLAYDOH(crumbly)

Atterberg Limits

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Liquid Limit Device

Liquid Limit Determination

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Plastic Limit Determination

⅛" thread

Fall Cone

20 mm penetration in 5 seconds @ LL

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Fall Cone

=38%

Fall Cone

~68%

~55%

PI=68%−55%=13%

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Shrinkage Limit

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AirVv = e

Shrinkage Limit

1

w/ms

w

i is

SL w w w V 100%m

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Shrinkage Limit

Dish starts out full !Note

m2 = ms

Activity

activity

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Activity

(unhydrated)(hydrated)

Liquidity Index

BRICK MUDPLAYDOH(crumbly)

w

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Plasticity Chart

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Shrinkage Limit

Soil 1: SL = 20 – 6 = 14

Soil 2: SL = 20 + 9 = 29+6-9

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(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Shrinkage Limit

Casagrande’s procedure for estimating the shrinkage limit.