053744r00 zb mwg 2005 09 11 zig bee alliance tutorial

Wireless Control That Simply WorksWireless Control That Simply Works

Copyright © 2005 ZigBeeTM Alliance. All Rights Reserved.

Wireless Control That Simply Works

ZigBee Alliance TutorialSeptember-November 2005

Bob Heile Chairman, ZigBee Alliance

Chair, IEEE 802.15


ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works

Today’s Wireless Themes

• Ubiquitous communication with focus on interoperability, plug-and-play, IP, self-organizing networks and low power

• High quality AV streaming • Bits/Hz/watt • Positioning & Location



The 802 Wireless Space

Data Rate (Mbps)

Ran

ge

ZigBee802.15.4 802.15.3

802.15.3a802.15.3c

WPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WWAN

WiFi802.11

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Bluetooth802.15.1

IEEE 802.22

WiMaxIEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20



802.15.4 Application Space

Sensors & Controls:Home AutomationIndustrial Automation Remote MeteringAutomotive NetworksInteractive ToysActive RFID/ asset trackingMedical



• Large networks (large number of devices and large coverage area) that can form autonomously and that will operate very reliably for years without any operator intervention

• Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell), very low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs) and very low complexity and small size

• Device data rate and QoS needs are low

• Standardized protocols are necessary to allow multiple vendors to interoperate

Sensor/Control Network Requirements



What IEEE 802.15.4 Addresses

• IEEE 802.15.4– MAC and PHY only

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Upper Layer Stack

IEEE 802.2 LLC Other LLC

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz PHY



So Why ZigBee?

• Needed an organization with a mission to define a complete open global standard for reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked products addressing monitoring and control

• Alliance provides• upper layer stack and application profiles• compliance and certification testing• branding

• Result is a set of recognizable, interoperable solutions



Who is supporting the ZigBee Alliance?

• Eight promoter companies– Chipcon, Ember, Freescale, Honeywell,

Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips and Samsung• A rapidly growing list (Now over 175) of

industry leaders from 29 countries spanning 6 continents committed to providing ZigBee-compliant products and solutions– Companies include chip suppliers, wireless IP

providers, OEMs, test equip manufacturers and end users



The ZigBee Platform

IEEE 802.15.4

Public Application Profile

ZigBee Stack

Certified Product

Compliant Platform



The ZigBee Platform

IEEE 802.15.4

Private Application Profile

ZigBee Stack

Compliant Platform



Basic Radio Characteristics

ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments



• 65,536 network (client) nodes

• Optimized for timing-critical applications and power management– Time to Join Network: <30ms– Sleeping to active: <15ms– Channel access time: <15ms

• Full Mesh Networking Support

Basic Network Characteristics

Network coordinatorFull Function nodeReduced Function node

Communications flowVirtual links



Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking



ZigBee Network Topologies

PAN coordinatorFull Function DeviceReduced Function Device

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree



Cluster Tree Networks• Cluster tree networks enable a peer-peer

network to be formed with a minimum of routing overhead.

DD/CH0

1

0

23

4

6

7

8

12

10

11

9

13

1420

22

5 CH1

CH2

CH3

CH5

CH4

CH6“Parent”

“Child”

Links indicate familial relationship, not communications capability



Cluster Tree Networks

• Employ multi-hop routing• Can be very large: 255 clusters of 254 nodes

each = 64,770 nodes• May span physically large areas• Suitable for latency-tolerant applications



ZigBee Device Types• ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)

– One and only one required for each ZB network.– Initiates network formation.– Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).– May act as router once network is formed.

• ZigBee Router (ZR)– Optional network component.– May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.– Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).– Participates in multihop routing of messages.

• ZigBee End Device (ZED)– Optional network component.– Shall not allow association.– Shall not participate in routing.



Network Structure



ZigBee Channel Access Options

Two channel access mechanisms:• Non-beacon network

– A simple, traditional multiple access system used in simple peer and near-peer networks

– Standard ALOHA CSMA-CA communications– Positive acknowledgement for successfully received packets

• Beacon-enabled network– Superframe structure- network coordinator transmits beacons

at predetermined intervals– Dedicated bandwidth and low latency– Low Power Consumption mode for Coordinator



Other Benefits of Beacon Mode

• Beacon Mode– A very powerful mechanism for controlling power

consumption in extended networks like cluster tree or mesh

– Allows all clients in a local piece of the network the ability to know when to communicate with each other

– PAN has a coordinator that manages the channel and arranges the calls

– Significant value will be in system power consumption for networks which are primarily battery powered



ZigBee – Highly Reliable• Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant

paths• Automatic retries and acknowledgements• Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable broadcasts

across the network• Parents keep track of messages for sleeping children• High intrinsic interference tolerance

– Multiple channels– Frequency agility– Robust modulation



ZigBee – Highly Secure

• Utilizes AES 128-bit encryption• Concept of a “trust center”• Link and network keys• Authentication and encryption• Security can be customized for the

application• Keys can be “hard-wired” into application



ZigBee Applications

ZigBeeWireless Control that

Simply Works

RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT

COMMERCIAL CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TVVCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation

PC & PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

asset mgtprocess control

environmentalenergy mgt

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

BUILDING AUTOMATION

securityHVAC

AMRlighting controlaccess control

mousekeyboardjoystick

patient monitoring

fitness monitoring



ZigBee Home Control



General Commercial Building Automation

• Quick Payback Leads to Early Adoption– Obvious Uses

• Lighting • HVAC • Alarm Systems• Entry Systems

– Less Obvious Uses• Landscaping• Leak Detection• Pest Monitoring• Humidity in Walls



Patient Monitoring• May allow more patient freedom

– Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet• Patient can remain in their own home• Lowers cost and improves comfort

– Allows monitoring of elderly family member• Sense movement or usage patterns in a home• Notify via mobile phone when anomalies occur• Can track behavior without visual “spying”• Wireless panic buttons for falls or other problems• Again lowers cost and improves patient lifestyle

– Can be used in hospice care• Patients are allowed greater movement• Reduced staff to patient ratio• Light way to bathroom when they get out of bed

– Reduces patient confusion

graphic

graphic



• Microprocessor based devices with embedded radios

• Lighting Ballasts become control and communication nodes

• Utilizes an open protocol for communication – ZigBee

• Mesh Network - Scalable, flexible up to 65,000 network nodes

• 100% digital component based network of devices with the lighting infrastructure providing the DLN backbone

• Software and UI’s determine the user experience• Distributed control of lighting – From personal

space to enterprise control

Characteristics of a ZigBee Lighting Control System



Reduced cost and complexity of system installation

Simplicity of Commissioning

Key value drivers of a Wireless Lighting Control system

Simplify Lighting Control System design in both new construction and retrofit applications



Easy and intuitive to use facilitating improved worker productivity

Operating cost and complexity reductions

Improved energy management and control

Key value drivers of a Wireless Lighting Control system



The ZigBee eco-system adds future value

SafetyAsset Tracking

SecurityMaintenance



Why ZigBee?

• Reliable and self healing• Supports large number of nodes• Easy to deploy• Very long battery life• Secure• Low cost• Can be used globally



Advantages of ZigBee over proprietary solutions?

• Product interoperability• Vendor independence• Increased product innovation as a result of

industry standardization • A common platform is more cost effective

than creating a new proprietary solution from scratch every time

• Companies can focus their energies on finding and serving customers



Benefits of joining the alliance• Access to

– Specifications– Member IP pool– Event lists– Media and analysts– VCs

• Network with– Members – Customers– Vendors– Partners



Benefits of joining the alliance

• World class PR– Be associated with a hot technology– Leverage Alliance event and PR activities

• Your competitors are here, chance to strengthen your leadership position

• Get access to marketing ideas, get a sense of the market direction and optimize your product/company plans

• Equivalent info from other sources would cost many multiples of the annual membership fee

• Result is you get to market quicker with a better solution



“Just as the personal computer was a symbol ofthe '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the WorldWide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to bethe advent of cheap sensors.”

-Paul Saffo Institute for the Future

Parting Thought


ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works Slide 42

More Information

ZigBee Alliance Web Site http://www.ZigBee.org

IEEE 802.15 Web Sitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15

Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman, [email protected]

http://www.zigbee.org/

http://www.ieee802.org/15

mailto:[email protected]




053744r00 zb mwg 2005 09 11 zig bee alliance tutorial

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