06-power plant frequency response analysis and modeling...power plant frequency response john...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Power Plant Frequency Response
John UndrillSeptember 2006
![Page 2: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio
But - the response must be produced by the turbines inthe Balancing Authority Area
Because frequency changes rapidly, a major part of the complete response must be produced in a 10-20 second time frame
Therefore - a major part of FRR must be primary response
The Primary Controller is the Governor
Primary Response is Governor Response
![Page 3: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Production of Frequency Response
Frequency Response is produced inherently by governor action
If unit is not at maximum governor should respond
But governor action may be blocked, overridden or countermandedPlant physics may require that limits be placed on primary response
eg. temperature - hydraulics - drum level control
Commercial considerations may inducd limits on primary responseeg. valve wear - compensation for foregone revenue
![Page 4: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Primary and Secondary Control
![Page 5: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Primary - Secondary Control
![Page 6: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Primary Control = Governing
![Page 7: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Primary - Response
Governor Responds to speed change
Speed dips when load increases
Power increases to equal increased load
No change in speed/load reference
![Page 8: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
y p
Primary Response | Secondary Response - AGC adjusts speed-load references
![Page 9: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
g
Grid Frequency
Fuel Command
Generator PowerGovernor
Responds to Frequency
changePlant ControllerReturns Power
to Schedule
![Page 10: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
g
Governor Responds to Frequency
change
Plant ControllerReturns Power
to Schedule
Primary Control
Secondary Control
![Page 11: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
g
Primary and Secondary Response
Primary Response Test -
No secondary Control Action
![Page 12: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydro Plant Characteristics
o - Control action involves large pieces of equipment
- Temperature is not a factor
- Principal limitations are in hydraulics of civil works
- Rough running/draft tube stability my limit allowabledispatch ranges - but have little effect on primaryresponse capability
- Surge tank/manifold design may affect primary respo
- River hydrology often affects allowable secondary response
![Page 13: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Steam Plant Characteristicser - Boiler control must respect dozens of rate limits
mperature stresses, drum level, coal mills, feedwater heating
al - Boiler Follow - Older plants- Primary response is steam turbine response- Steam turbine response can be very fast - 5% in 5 seconds- Useable Primary response is limited by boiler response capability- Plant capability - 5% fast - remainder - 2%/min or less
al - Turbine Follow - Supercritical and older very large plants- Primary response is boiler response- Turbine valves are used to control steam pressure - not power- Primary response to frequency is very limited and slow- Secondary response is limited by boiler response capability- Plant capability - 0% fast - remainder - 2%/min or less
al - Coordinated Control - Modern / Updated plants- Primary response is steam turbine response- Feedforward of steam demand signal to firing control
![Page 14: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Main Plant Characteristics
- Primary response of gas turbine is fast- Generally better going up than coming down- Frequently desirable to implement rate limits to managetemperature transients
- Plant capability - 10 to 15 percent fast - remainder - 8%/mi
GT - Primary control (governor) acts on GT- ST valves are wide open in economical output range- ST output follows GTs - behind boiler response time consta- GT component of response is fast- ST component of response is slower- Plant capability - 5 to 8 percent fast - remainder - 3 to 5%/m
![Page 15: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gas Turbine Plants
![Page 16: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
100 sec
![Page 19: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hydro Plants
![Page 21: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
p y p
![Page 23: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Large Steam Plants
![Page 24: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
g y y p
![Page 25: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Summary of FRR Capability
ge Modern Coal5 % in few seconds 1-3 % per minute
ce Thru & Turbine follow Coal0 % in few seconds 1-3 % per minute
er Boiler Follow Coal5 % in few seconds 1-3 % per minute
ro5-10 % in 15 seconds fast over full range
10-15 % in 15 seconds 8 % minute
GT5 - 8 % in 15 seconds 5-8 % minute
![Page 26: 06-Power Plant Frequency Response Analysis and Modeling...Power Plant Frequency Response John Undrill September 2006 FRR is a Balancing Authority Obligatio But - the response must](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040108/5f277bb29827103dc67695cc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Summary of Operational Realitiesal
ideal capability overidden byturbine temperature/stress limitsdrum level controlfeedwater heater level controlscoal feeder/mill limitations
rolow head - few limitationshigh head/underground/pipeline - civil works limitations
concern regardingreduced output economicswear of valveshot gas path exposure due to maneuvering
GTGT as in cimple cycle plantsST stress and boiler feedwater limitations as in coal plants