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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE7

Agriculture the backbone of Indian Economy. still holds its relative

importance for more than a billion peoples. The Government of India from

time to time has taken considerable steps for the upliftment of Agriculture

Sector. Fertilizer in the agricultural process is an important area of

concern. Fertilizer industry in India has succeeded in meeting the demand

of all chemical fertilizers in the recent years.

The Fertilizer Industry in India started its first manufacturing unit of SingleSuper Phosphate (SSP) in Ranipet near Chennai with a capacity of 6000

MT a year, in 1906.

India's green revolution in late sixties gave a positive boost to the sector.

The sector experienced a faster growth rate and presently India is the

third largest fertilizer producer in the world. The installed capacity as on

30.01.2003 has reached a level of 121.10 lakh MT of nitrogen (inclusive of

an installed capacity of 208.42 lakh MT of urea after reassessment of

capacity) and 53.60 lakh MT of phosphates nutrient, making India the 3rd

largest fertilizer producer in the world. The rapid build-up of fertilizer

production capacity in the country has been achieved as a result of a

favorable policy environment facilitating large investments in the public,

co-operative and private sectors. Presently, there are 57 large sized

fertilizer plants in the country manufacturing a wide range of nitrogenous,

phosphatic and complex fertilizers. Out of these, 29 unit produce urea, 20

units produce DAP and complex fertilizers 13 plants manufacture

Ammonium Sulphate (AS), Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and other

low analysis nitrogenous fertilizers. Besides, there are about 64 medium

and small-scale units in operation producing SSP.

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1.2 KEY PLAYERS:

In south Gujarat region basically the major players are:

GNFC

GSFC

IFFCO

KRIBHCO

And local small fertilizers producers.

1.3 COMPANY PROFILE1

Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Ltd. (GNFC), is a joint

sector enterprise promoted by the Government of Gujarat and the Gujarat

State Fertilizer Company Ltd.(GSFC). It was set up in Bharuch, Gujarat in

1976. Located at Bharuch in an extremely prosperous industrial belt,

GNFC draws on the resources of the natural wealth of the land as well as

the industrially rich reserves of the area.

GNFC started its manufacturing and marketing operations by setting up in

1982, one of the world's largest single-stream ammonia-urea fertilizer

complexes. Over the next few years, GNFC successfully commissioned

different projects - in fields as diverse as chemicals, fertilizers and

electronics.

Since inception, GNFC has worked towards an extensive growth as a

corporation. A growth which respects the environment and springs from

the progressive vision of GNFC.

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GNFC today has extended its profile much beyond fertilizers through a

process of horizontal integration. Chemicals/Petrochemicals, Energy

Sector, Electronics/Telecommunications and Information Technology form

ambitious and challenging additions to its corporate portfolio. GNFC has

an enterprising, strategic view towards expansion and diversification.

ACHIEVEMENTS:

The world's largest single stream fuel oil based Ammonia-urea

plant.

India's Largest Producer of Formic Acid, Acetic Acid and Methanol.

India's Only Producer of Glacial Acetic Acid through cutting-edge

Methanol route.

PRODUCTS OF GNFC

Fertilizers4:

GNFC started fertilizer manufacturing and marketing operations by

setting up in 1982, one of the worlds largest single-stream ammonia-urea

fertilizer complexes.

GNFC today is one of the leaders in fertilizer industry. The company is

engaged in manufacturing and selling fertilizers such as Urea, Ammonium

Nitro phosphate and Calcium Ammonium Nitrate under the umbrella

NARMADA. GNFC has to its credit one of the largest Ammonia plant, a

reference plant in the world of fuel oil based technology along with the

world's largest single stream Urea plant.

Urea [NARMADA Urea]

Ammonium Nitro phosphate [NARMADA PHOS]

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate [NARMADA CAN]

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The treaded fertilizers:

The company is engaged in handling and importing Urea, Di ammoniumPhosphate (DAP), Muriate of Potash (MOP) and Ammonium Sulphate. In

addition, GNFC is also handling traded fertilizers like Single Super

Phosphate(SSP) from Liberty Phosphate and Others, DAP and Urea.

The basic objective of marketing such fertilizers is to make available wide

range of fertilizers to farming community, making regular supplies of

fertilizers to distribution channel and enhancing the company's turnover.

The market is undergoing a sea change and there is a shift from sellers to

buyers market. Therefore it is of paramount importance to make available

different kind of fertilizers as per the market demand in different areas,

and we at GNFC are more concerned about that. Such steps help in

making the distribution channel more strong and developing a good

rapport with them

Chemicals3:

GNFC has kept pace with changing times and its vision is always focused

on growth. Even as the Company was implementing its fertilizer complex,

plans were underway for expansion and diversification in related areas.

This resulted in the setting up of core chemical and petrochemical plants

such as Methanol, Formic Acid, Nitric Acid and Acetic Acid

These industrial chemicals are used by a wide range of manufacturers,

processors and chemical operators in India and even abroad. While

Methanol finds applications in chemicals, resins etc., Formic Acid is used

mainly in rubber, textiles, tanneries and pharmaceuticals industries. Both

Methanol and Formic Acid are regularly being exported to international

markets.

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Methanol

Acetic Acid(Glacial)

Formic Acid 85%

Methyl Formate

Concentrated Nitric Acid

Weak Nitric Acid 61.5%

AmmoniumNitrate [MELT]

Calcium Carbonate

Catsol

IT PRODUCTS2:

1 INFOTOWER:

Having 6 floor and 155000sq feet place, it is situated in Ahmedabad.it is

an ideal location for banks, financial institutions, etc, it is a well known

destination for IT based companies in Gujrat.

2. VSAT SERVICE:

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GNFC has entered into the business of providing satellite based

communication network services using VSAT technology. A strategic

alliance has been made with M/S TIW Systems Inc., USA in the field of

Satellite Communications to offer state of the art satellite

communications equipments and services to the Indian market.

GNFC has license to provide VSAT services in India. The company has

established Hub station at Bharuch - Gujarat. The hub station is designed

to handle large traffic of voice, data, Internet and Video Conferencing. All

the critical equipments are fully redundant to give 100% reliable services.

GNFC plans to have their own VSAT Network connecting all the Regional

and Area offices located all over India.

3 INTERNET GATEWAY:

GNFC has license to provide Internet Gateway Service. The Gateway is

installed and commissioned at Bharuch. Private International Gateway has

been established by using IntelSat -704 satellite on C-band.

A High Speed Bandwidth Internet Feed initially available at 16 Mbps

planned to expand up to 50 Mbps, provides high speed Internet access

Internet link.

OTHER IT SERVICES ARE:

SECURITY SOLUTIONS

NETWORK SOLUTIONS

GIS SERVICES

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FUNCTIONS OF GNFC8:

PRODUCTION:

GNFC Plants Installed capacity:

Plant Installed Capacity

Ammonia 4,45,500 MTA

Urea 6,36,000 MTA

Ammonium Nitro phosphate 1,42,500 MTA

Calcium-Ammonium Nitrate 1,42,500 MTA

Methanol-I 50,000 MTA

Formic Acid 10,000 MTA

Methanol-II 1,00,000 MTA

Weak Nitric Acid 2,47,500 MTA

Concentrated-Nitric Acid I & II 66,000 MTA

Acetic Acid 1,00,000 MTA

Synthesis Gas Generation Unit 216 Million NM3 per annum

Captive Power Plant I & II 50 MWH

GNFC has always shown a dedication to standards of production and

environment safeguards, qualified research acumen, and 100% capacity

utilization for more than two decades

MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTATION1

Regional Offices:

Ahmedabad Hyderabad Bangalore

Jaipur Bhopal Lucknow

Chandigarh New Delhi Pune

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GNFC Area Offices:

Karnal Surat Meerut Ratlam

Bareilly Indore Agra Raipur

Jodhpur Jalgaon Udaipur Nasik

Vijaywada Chennai Mehsana Cochin

Rajkot Vadodara Bhavnagar

Thus, GNFC has developed its marketing and distribution

network all over the India.

Environment Management1

GNFC has developed and implemented Environment Management System

(EMS) as per 1S0:14001-1996 for its Fertilizers, Chemicals and supporting

services at Bharuch. GNFC is "An ISO:14001 Company" certified by the

certifying body RWTUV ,Germany. Presently, Latest certificate is valid up

to January,2008

GNFC has so far spent Rs.800 million on installation of pollutants controlequipments and facilities. The company has also clear Environment

Policy. GNFC management is dedicated for allocating various resources

for continual environmental improvement.

Research & Development1

Research and Development centre at GNFC was formally set up in 1986.

The R&D centre is recognized by DSIR, Ministry of Science and

Technology, Government of India in 1988 as an in house R&D unit. The

centre is manned by highly qualified team of scientists and technologists.

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1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW

Packaging is, now a days become very important. Basically, it provides

protection and identification to the product.

Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting

products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to

the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Package

labeling or labeling is any written, electronic, or graphic communications

on the packaging or on a separate but associated label.

Packaging is heavily integrated into our daily lives, we see it all around us,

on everyday items such as chocolate bars and potato chip (crisp) packets-

As explained below, the main use for packaging is protection of the goods

inside, but packaging also provides us with a recognizable logo, or

packaging, we instantly know what the goods are inside

We can also define packaging as all the activities of designing and

producing the container for a product. Well-designed package can create

convenience and promotional value. The packaging is buyers first

encounter with the product.6

Various factors have contributed to the growing use of packaging as a

marketing tool, they are6

Self service:

Many products are sold , today on the self service basis. attractivepackaging helps the customer to get attracted towards the product.

Consumer affluence:

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Means the consumers are willing to pay a little more for convenience,

appearance, dependability, and prestige of better package.

Company and brand image:

Packaging contributes to instant recognition of the company or brand.

Innovation opportunity:

Innovative packaging can bring large benefit to consumers and profits to

producers.

Developing the effective packaging requires a number of decisions. From

the perspective of both the firm and consumer , the packaging must

achieve a number of objectives, like6

1 identifying the brand

2 convey descriptive and persuasive information

3 facilitate product transportation and protection

4 assist at-home storage

5 aid product consumption

The purposes of packaging and package labels: 5

Physical Protection

The objects enclosed in the package may require protection from,

among other things, shock, vibration, compression, temperature, etc.

Barrier Protection

A barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc., is often required. Package

permeability is a critical factor in design. Some packages contain

desiccants or Oxygen absorbers. especially, this purpose is important for

the fertilizers. Fertilizers get effected by the whether.

Containment or Agglomeration

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Small objects are typically grouped together in one package for reasons of

efficiency. For example, a single box of 1000 pencils requires less physical

handling than 1000 single pencils. Liquids, powders, and flowables need

containment.

Information transmission

Information on how to use, transport, recycle, or dispose of the package

or product is often contained on the package or label. With

pharmaceutical, food, medical, and chemical products, some types of

information are required by governments.

Marketing

The packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage

potential buyers to purchase the product. Package design has been an

important and constantly evolving phenomenon for years.Marketing

communications and graphic design are applied to the surface of the

package and (in many cases) the point of sale display.

Security

Packaging can play an important role in reducing the security risks of

shipment. Packages can be made with improved tamper resistance to

deter tampering and also can have tamper-evident features to helpindicate tampering. Packages may include authentication seals to help

indicate that the package and contents are not counterfeit.

Convenience

Packages can have features which add convenience in distribution,

handling, display, sale, opening, enclosing, use, and reuse.

Portion Control

Single serving or single dosage packaging has a precise amount of

contents to control usage. Bulk commodities (such as salt) can be divided

into packages that are a more suitable size for individual households. It is

also aids the control of inventory: selling sealed one-liter-bottles of milk,

rather than having people bring their own bottles to fill themselves.

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Packaging types5

Packaging may be looked at as several different types. For example a

transport package or distribution package is the package form used

to ship, store, and handle the product or inner packages. Some identify a

consumer package as one which is directed toward a consumer or

household.

It is sometimes convenient to categorize packages by layer or function:

"primary", "secondary", etc.

Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the product

and holds it. This usually is the smallest unit of distribution or use

and is the package which is in direct contact with the contents.

Secondary packaging is outside the primary packaging perhaps

used to group primary packages together.

Tertiary packaging is used for bulk handling and shipping.

Primary packaging

Bags-In-Boxes

Beverage can

Bottles

Blister packs

Carton

Envelopes

Plastic bags

Plastic bottles

Tin can

Wrappers

Secondary packaging

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Boxes

Cartons

Shrink wrap

Tertiary packaging

Bales

Barrel

Crate

Container

edge protector

Flexible intermediate bulk container, Big bag, "Bulk Bags",

or "Super Sacks"

Intermediate bulk container

Pallets

Slip Sheet stretch wrap

These broad categories can be somewhat arbitrary. For example,

depending on the use, a shrink wrap can be primary packaging when

applied directly to the product, secondary packaging when combining

smaller packages, and tertiary packaging on some distribution packs

Developing effective Packaging may creat considerable amount of money

and several months to complete, but it also help company to gain good

results.

PACKAGING FOR FERTILIZERS:

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The fertilizers are packed in the bag with the weight of 50 kg. In case of

fertilizers, there nothing likes primary or secondary packaging. There are

bags with weight of 50 kg. Packaging is important for fertilizers because

fertilizers easily get affected by the weather. The moisture affects the

fertilizers. The package label of fertilizers bag also contain the information

regarding to NPK ratio, its weight, price, name and logo of the

manufacturing company, etc,

Good packaging of fertilizers helps in protecting them,

providing necessary information to farmers, attracting them, comfortable

and safe handling, and safe storing.

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :

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2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Customers opinion about the Packing of Fertilizers products and where

the packaging of GNFC fertilizers stands compared to competitors, in case

of its fertilizers products, in Mandvi & near by villages.

2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:

Prime Objectives:-

To know the customers opinion about the packaging of

fertilizers products.

To know where the packaging of GNFC stands with

compared to the competitors

Secondary Objectives:-

To know the use of fertilizers of different companies, by the

farmers.

To know the factors, those are taken in to consideration by

the farmers while choosing the fertilizers.

To know what are their opinion about double packaging,

type of bag, weight of bag, information printed on bag,etc,

To know where the farmers need improvement in the

packaging of fertilizers of GNFC.

To know how the customers rank different companies for

their packaging and why?

To provide some necessary suggestions.

2.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

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Before starting I have discussed with my guide at the company, and few

farmers about the packaging of fertilizers. I did general talk on the same

topic with the farmers. during this EXPLORATORY RESEARCH , I came to

know about the thoughts of farmers and the need of the need of the

company. On this basis I made questionnaire for further research.

For this part, the research design is DISCRIPTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL

RESEARCH DESIGN. as I have tried to give answer of questions like. What,

how much, why, etc, it is descriptive research design. And as the study

is conducted only at a particular point of time- the study would not be

done again- it is cross sectional research design.

PRE TESTING:

The pre testing was conducted on 15 farmers in the Mandvi and nearby

area. According to their response the necessary modification was made in

questionnaire.

2.4 DEFINE TARGET POPULATION:

SAMPLING PLAN:

Sampling plan is very important when there is limited time. It helps in

collecting the appropriate data .it provides clear scheduled plan for

collecting data.

SAMPLE DESCRIPTION

In this study the target population is of farmers, who consume the

fertilizers.

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SAMPLE SIZE:

150 farmers were interviewed as respondents.

SAMPLE SITE:

The samples were taken from Mandvi and nearby villages.

SAMPLE SELECTION TECHNIQUES:

NON PROBABILITY CONVENIENCE TECHNIQUE was used for selecting

samples. As the sample site was Mandvi and nearby villages, the

probability of all other farmers, to be selected as sample, was not same.

And even in selected sample site, who so ever farmers were available,

was interviewed and so it is convenient sampling.

2.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:

The questionnaire was used as research instrument. That contains:-

Multiple options questions and Open ended questions.

2.6 DATA COLLECTION:The two kinds of data were collected.

1 primary data

2 secondary data.

1. Primary data: collected through the questionnaire, from the

farmers.

2. Secondary date: taken through the use of internet, printed outlets

provided by GNFC, the diary of GNFC, and some books.

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2.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH:

1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING was not used. So the result can not be

generalized.

2. The time period was limited of two months.

3. The farmers can be biased while giving their opinions.

4. My own limitations: as being the new fellow in such study, the lack

of experience and expertise from my part creates some limitations.

2.8 TOOLS AND TECHANIQUES USED:

Frequency analysis: frequency analysis provides the frequency of the

respondents, in giving the answers of the questions.

Cross tabs:

The Cross tabs procedure forms two-way and multiway tables and

provides a variety of tests and measures of association for two-way

tables. The structure of the table and whether categories are ordered

determine what test or measure to use.

Crosstabs' statistics and measures of association are computed for two-

way tables only. If you specify a row, a column, and a layer factor (control

variable), the Crosstabs procedure forms one panel of associated

statistics and measures for each value of the layer factor (or a

combination of values for two or more control variables.

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Cross tabs:

The Cross tabs procedure forms two-way and multiway tables and

provides a variety of tests and measures of association for two-way

tables. The structure of the table and whether categories are ordered

determine what test or measure to use.

Crosstabs' statistics and measures of association are computed for two-

way tables only. If you specify a row, a column, and a layer factor (control

variable), the Crosstabs procedure forms one panel of associated

statistics and measures for each value of the layer factor (or a

combination of values for two or more control variables.

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CHAPTER 3

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRITATION

Q-2 Which companies fertilizers do you use?

Purpose of the question: the question is asked to know the use of

various brands of fertilizers by the farmers.

Fertilizers used of various companies- Frequencies

Responses

Percent

of Cases

N Percent NFertilizer

s Used(a)

fertilizer used of GNFC 116 22.6% 77.3%fertilizer used of GSFC 110 21.4% 73.3%

fertilizer used of

KRIBHCO115 22.4% 76.7%

fertilizer used of IFFCO 100 19.5% 66.7%

fertilizer used of other

companies72 14.0% 48.0%

Total 513 100.0% 342.0%Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

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use of fertilizers

116110

115

100

72

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

GNFC GSFC KRIBHCO IFFCO others

companies

no.ofusers

use of fertiliz

Out of 150 respondents 116 are using the GNFC fertilizers. While for

GSFC, KRIBHCO, IFFCO and others this no. is 110, 115, 100, and 72

respectively. This shows the highest usage of GNFC fertilizers. That is

77.3%

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Q-3 How many bags of fertilizers, do you use per year?

Purpose of the question: To know the consumption of the fertilizers

No. of bags used per year

BAGS/YEAR

Frequenc

y Percent0-10 3 2.011-20 1 .721-30 4 2.7

31-40 2 1.341-50 16 10.751-60 21 14.061-70 18 12.071-80 18 12.081-90 17 11.3

91-100 4 2.7above 100 46 30.7

Total 150 100.0

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bags used per year

2 0.72.71.310.7

14

1212

11.3

2.7

30.7

0-10

20-Nov

21-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

61-70

71-80

81-90

91-100

above 1

The chart shows that there are 30% respondents who consume more than

100 bags of fertilizers per year. The users of less than 20 bags per year

are very few. It shows the huge consumption of fertilizers in terms of

quantity.

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packaging.

Q-6 Out of the information printed on bag , what are the

informations you consider?

Purpose of the question: to know what informations do they consider,

printed on bag, so that necessary improvement can be done in printing

the information.

Information printed on bag.

out of printed information

Responses

Percent

of Cases

N Percent NInformation

printed on

bag(a)

weight is considered42 7.6% 28.0%

NPK ratio is considered141 25.5% 94.0%

company name isconsidered

111 20.1% 74.0%

fertilizer name is

considered131 23.7% 87.3%

company logo is

considered

49 8.9% 32.7%

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price is considered78 14.1% 52.0%

Total 552 100.0% 368.0%

The table shows that 141 respondents considered the information of NPK

ratio.131 considered the name of the fertilizers while 111 considered the

information of company name and 78 considered the price. Few

respondents considered weight and logo.(42 & 49 respectively)

Q-7 How much a particular fertilizer should be used for different

crops should this information be printed on the bag?

Purpose of the question: to know the opinion of the respondents for

this idea.

Crop wise information should be printed on bag

Frequency Percentyes 105 70.0

no 45 30.0Total 150 100.0

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should "cropwise information" be printed on bag

70%

30%

70% respondents believe that this information should be printed on the

bag of fertilizers so that it provides guideline

Q-8 Which kinds of bag do you prefer?

Purpose of the question: to know the preference of the farmers for bag.

Better bag, jute/HDEP

Frequency PercentJute 14 9.3

HDPE 136 90.7Total 150 100.0

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type of bag prefered

9.30%

90.70%

Jute

HD

90.7% respondents believe that the present HDPE bag is better. They

prefer HDPE bag.

Q-9 Can you identify the bag of Narmada fertilizers of GNFC,

without reading the name?

Q-10 If yes, through which?

Purpose of the questions: Except the name, by which element the

Narmada fertilizer is identified. So that more focus on that element can

be given.

Identification of ''NARMADA'' brand

Frequenc

y Percent

yes 150 100.0

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Total 150 100.0

weight of bag

72.70%

27.30%

50 kg

25-30

72.7% respondents believe that the present 50 kg bag is appropriate.

While 27.3% respondents believe that there should be bag with the

weight of 25-30 kg.

Q-12 Do you believe that the double packaging of GNFC fertilizer

helps in protecting the products.

Purpose of the question: GNFC has introduced DOUBLE PACKAGING in

particularly NARMADA CAN. This question has been asked to know

whether this double packaging has got succeed.

Successful double packaging

Frequency Percentyes 135 90.0no 15 10.0

Total 150 100.0

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Is double packaging helps

90%

10%

90% respondents believe that the double packaging helps in protecting

the products.

Q-13 which things you find appropriate in packaging of GNFC

fertilizers?

Q-14 which things you find in packaging of GNFC fertilizers, that

need to be improved ?

Purpose of the question: to know according to respondents what is

appropriate and what need to be changed. The options given in both

these questions are same and so they also check whether the respondent

is consistent.

Appropriate- Frequencies

Responses % CAS

N Percent NAppropriat

e

Bag color is appropriate111 14.5% 74.0%

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print color is appropriate 138 18.0% 92.0%Logo size is appropriate 145 19.0% 96.7%Bag material is appropriate 118 15.4% 78.7%

Steaching is appropriate 131 17.1% 87.3%weight is appropriate 114 14.9% 76.0%others is appropriate 8 1.0% 5.3%

Total 765 100.0% 510.0%

Need to improve- Frequencies

Need to Improve (a) Responses

Percent o

Cases

N Percent N

bag color should be improved 37 27.0% 40.2%print color should be improved 10 7.3% 10.9%

logo size should be improved 4 2.9% 4.3%

bag material should be improved 32 23.4% 34.8%

steaching should be improved 19 13.9% 20.7%

weight should be improved 35 25.5% 38.0%

Total 137 100.0% 148.9%

a Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

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27% respondents believe that the color of bag should be changed. Instead

of present white bag some colorful bag should be there. (Probably sky

blue) 23%respondents believe that the quality of bag should be improved.

25.5%respondents believe that the weight should be changed.

Q-15 Give rank 1 to 5 to the following brand for their bag quality.

Purpose of the question: in packaging the bag quality is one of the

most important elements for the farmers. The empty bags are used for

making carpers, for storing grains in it, etc. so farmers give importance tothe quality of the bag also. This question finds according to farmers which

companys bag quality is good?

Bag Quality Frequencies

Bag Quality(a) Responses

Percent of

CasesN Percent N

rank to bag quality of GNFC 82 54.7% 54.7%

rank to bag quality of GSFC 31 20.7% 20.7%

rank to bag quality of IFFCO 26 17.3% 17.3%

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rank to bag quality of KRIBHCO 11 7.3% 7.3%

Total 150 100.0% 100.0%a Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

54.7% respondents say that the bag quality of GNFC is best. Then comes

GSFC, IFFCO, KRIBHCO in descending order.

Q-16 Give rank 1 to 4 to following brands for the packaging of

their fertilizers

Q-17 according to you, what are the reasons for good packaging

of above companies

Purpose of the questions: how the farmers give rank to different

companies for the packaging of their fertilizers and why and where the

GNFC stands compared to the competitors, for packaging of its fertilizers

Rank for Packaging Frequencies

Rank to Packaging(a) Responses

Percent of

Cases

N Percent Nrank to packaging of GNFC 77 51.3% 51.3%

rank to packaging of GSFC 31 20.7% 20.7%

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rank to packaging of KRIBHCO 16 10.7% 10.7%

rank to packaging of IFFCO 26 17.3% 17.3%


77 (51.3%) respondents believe that the packaging of GNFC is best.

Means GNFC stands 1st for its packaging of fertilizers products.

Reasons for good packaging Frequencies

Reasons(a) Responses

Percent o

Cases

N Percent Nbag color is reason for good packaging 82 13.2% 54.7%

print color is reason for good packaging 62 10.0% 41.3%

bag material is reason for good packaging 135 21.8% 90.0%

info. Printed is reason for good packaging 120 19.4% 80.0%

steaching is reason for good packaging 131 21.2% 87.3%

weight is reason for good packaging 89 14.4% 59.3%


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The reasons for good packaging are-

21.8% are saying good bag material.

21.2% are saying good steeching.

19.4% are saying information printed is the reason.

Chi-square test:

Here by chi-square test we will try to find that

Is there any significance association between the quantity of land owned

by the farmers and the rank given to different factors while choosing the

fertilizers?

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty

of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to PRICE, while choosing

the fertilizers.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is significance association between the

Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to PRICE, while

choosing the fertilizers.

Chi-Square Tests

Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

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Pearson Chi-Square 50.230 20 .000

Here the significance value comes at 0.000, which is less than 0.05. So,

null hypothesis is rejected. And so, alternative hypothesis is accepted. So

there is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the

farmers & the rank given to PRICE, while choosing the fertilizers.

Land & attract packaging

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty

of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to ATTRACTIVE

PACKAGING, while choosing the fertilizers.


Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to ATTRACTIVE

PACKAGING, while choosing the fertilizers

Chi-Square Tests

Value Df Asymp. Sig.(2-sided)


Here the significance value comes at 0.190, which is greater than 0.05.

So, null hypothesis is accepted. And so, there is NO significance

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association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank

given to ATTRACTIVE PACKAGING, while choosing the fertilizers.

Land & brand

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty of

LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to BRAND, while choosing

the fertilizers.

Alternative Hypothesis:There is significance association between the

Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to BRAND, whilechoosing the fertilizers

Chi-Square Tests


sided)



So, null hypothesis is accepted. And so, So there is NO significance


given to BRAND, while choosing the fertilizers.

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Land & Bag quality


LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to QUALITY OF THE BAG,

while choosing the fertilizers.


Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to QUALITY OF THEBAG, while choosing the fertilizers

Chi-Square Tests


sided)





given to QUALITY OF THE BAG, while choosing the fertilizers.

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Land & NPK ratio


LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to NPK RATIO, while

choosing the fertilizers.


Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to NPK RATIO, whilechoosing the fertilizers

Chi-Square Tests


sided)





given to NPK RATIO, while choosing the fertilizers.

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.

FINDINGS:

1. Out of 100% respondents 77% respondents are using the fertilizer

of GNFC. with that

73% are using the fertilizers of GSFC

76% are using the fertilizers of KRIBHCO66% are using the fertilizers of IFFCO

485 are also using the fertilizers of other brands.

Other includes the brands like, URVIK UREA, MIXTURE OF NAVSARI ,

MIXTURE OF JUNAGHADH. Etc ,

So, we can conclude that the use of GNFC fertilizers is maximum.

2. There are about 30.7% respondents who consume more than 100

bags per year. and about 26% respondents who spend more than

100000 rupees on fertilizers per year. So Mandvi and nearby region

has a big potential.

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3. While choosing the fertilizers, the main factors, those are

considered are NPK ratio, and than brand and than price. While less

importance is given to attractive packaging.

4. In the same way, out of printed information on the bag, NPK ratio,

name of the fertilizers is considered the most. Than comes brand

name. while weight and logo of the company is generally ignored.

5. 70% respondents believe that the crop wise information should be

printed on the bag. so that it provides the guideline in using that

fertilizers for different kind of crops.

6. The companys present HDPE bag is preferred by the respondents.

7. 27.3% respondents believe that the company should introduce the

bag with the weight of 25-30 kg.

8. 90% respondents believe that the double packaging of GNFC isgood and protect the product.

9. All respondents can identify the bag of GNFC, by only seeing the

logo of the company.

10. 27% respondents believe that the color of the bag should be

colorful. E.g. sky blue.

11. 54% respondents believe that the bag quality of GNFC is best.

12. 51% respondents believe that the overall packaging of GNFC is

best.

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13.There is no significance association between the Qty of the land

owned by the farmers & the the rank given to PRICE, while choosing

the fertilizers. But there is NO significance association between the

Qty of the LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to the

factors likeATTRACTIVE PACKAGING,BRAND,QUALITY OF THE BAG

& NPK RATIO.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

The following recommendations can be given to the company-

1. Looking at to the figure of the consumption of fertilizers, we can say

that there is a huge potential for fertilizers market, in Mandvi and

nearby villages.

77%respondents are using the GNFC fertilizers. The

remaining 23%respondants complaint that they can not get the GNFCfertilizers as and when required, due to non availability at the dealer. And

so the company should make the fertilizers easily available.

2. The company should focus on printing the information like NPK

ratio. Name of the brand and the name of the fertilizer.

3.The company should introduce the bag with the weight of 25-30 kg.Even to check the view of more farmers. It may possible that this

new weight can be appreciated by other farmers also.

4. The company should go for double packaging in other fertilizers

also, as it is demanded by the farmers.

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5. The company should change the color of its bag. As many people

said the color should be sky blue or light green.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. www.gnvfc.net

2. www.gnvfc.net/itdivision.html

3. www.gnvfc.net/chemicals/chemicals.html

4. www.gnvfc.net/fertilizers/fertilizers.html

5. www.iip-in.com

6. http://fert.nic.in/

7.Marketing Management- by Kotler & Keller

8. printed outlets provided by GNFC

46
http://www.gnvfc.net/http://www.gnvfc.net/itdivision.htmlhttp://www.gnvfc.net/itdivision.htmlhttp://www.gnvfc.net/chemicals/chemicals.htmlhttp://www.gnvfc.net/fertilizers/fertilizers.htmlhttp://www.iip-in.com/http://fert.nic.in/http://www.gnvfc.net/http://www.gnvfc.net/itdivision.htmlhttp://www.gnvfc.net/chemicals/chemicals.htmlhttp://www.gnvfc.net/fertilizers/fertilizers.htmlhttp://www.iip-in.com/http://fert.nic.in/

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APPENDIX :

1 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:

Hello,

I come from GNFC Bharuch. I am having a summer project at GNFC

as a part of my M.B.A. curriculum. In this project, I am doing survey on

Packaging of fertilizers products. You are requested to fill up thisquestionnaire for this purpose.

Introduction :

- Please Read each question carefully and give

answer without bias.

- The information received from you would be usedfor academic purpose and would be kept confidential.

(1) Do you use chemical fertilizers?

Yes No

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(2) If Yes, Which companies fertilizers you used? (Tick In box)

GNFC IFFCO

GSFC Others ____________

KRIBHCO

(3) How many bags of fertilizers, you used for a year? (Tick In

box)

0-10 61-70

11-20 71-80

21-30 81-90

31-40 91-100

41-50 Above 100

51-60

(4) How much rupees you spend on fertilizers for a Year? (Tick

In box)

0-10,000 60,000-70,000

10,000-20,000 70,000-80,000

20,000-30,000 80,000-90,000

30,000-40,000 90,000-1,00,00

40,000-50,000 Above 1,00,00050,000-60,000

(5) What are the factors, that you considered while choosing

fertilizers

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(Give Rank 1 to 5)

Price

Attractive Packaging

Brand

Bag quality

N.P.K. Ratio

(6) Out of the Information Printed on the bag which are the

informations you consider? (Tick In box)

Price

Weight

N.P.K. Ratio

Name of Company

Name of fertilizers

Logo of company

(7) How much a particular fertilizer should be used for different

crops should this information be printed on bag?

Yes No

(8) Which kind of bag do you prefer?

Jute bag H.D.P.E. Bag

(9) Can you identify then bag of Narmada Fertilizers of GNFC,

Without reading the name?

Yes No

(10) If yes, through which you can Identified?

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Color of Bag

Print of Bag

Logo of Company

(11) How much weight of fertilizers Bag is appropriate according to

you.

The Present Weight 50 KG

25-30 KG

(12) Do you believe that Double packaging of GNFC fertilizers,

helps in protecting the product?

Yes No

(13) Out of following which things, you find appropriate in GNFC

fertilizers packaging? (Tick In box)

Bag Color

Print Color

Loge Size

Bag materials

Steaching

Weight

Others

(14) Out of following which things should be improved in GNFC

fertilizers packaging? (Tick

In box)Bag Color

Print Color

Loge Size

Bag materials

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Steaching

Weight

Others

(15) Give Rank 1 to 4 the following brands for the quality of the

Bag ?

Narmada (GNFC)

Sardar (GSFC)

IFFCO

KRIBCHO

(16) Give Rank 1 to 4 to the following brands for the packaging of

the fertilizers product.

Narmada (GNFC)

Sardar (GSFC)

IFFCO

KRIBCHO

(17) According to you, what are the reason for good packaging of

above companion (Tick In box)

Bag Color

Print Color

Bag materials

Information printed

Steaching

Weight Other

(18) If you have any suggestion, Please

___________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

__

Personal Information :-

Name : ___________________________________________________

Address : ___________________________________________________

Age : _______________

Land : (in Acres)

1-5 16-206-10 21-25

11-15 26 and above

Crops Taken: (Tick In box)

Sugarcane

Vegetable

RiceWheat

Others ___________

___________

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Thank You

APPENDIX 2: OTHER MANUFACTURERS OF FERTILIZERS:

Fertilizer Industry in India

Key players

Company Address

National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)

www.nationalfertilizers.com

National Fertilizers

Limited,

Vijaipur


Limited,

Panipat,

Haryana


Limited,

Punjab-151003.


Limited,

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Punjab

Fertilisers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd. (FACT)

www.fact.co.in

Udyogamandal Division

Kochi, Kerala

Petrochemical Division

Kochi, Kerala

Cochin Division

Kochi, Kerala

Engineering Consultancy

Unit

Kochi, Kerala

Fabricating and

Engineering Unit

Kochi, Kerala

Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited (RCF)

www.madrasfert.nic.in

Madras Fertilizers

Limited

Chennai 600 068.

Steel Authority Of India Limited (SAIL) www.sail.co.in Rourkela Steel Plant

Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (NLC)

www.nlcindia.com

Fertilizer Factory

Tamil Nadu

Paradeep Phosphates Limited (PPL)

www.paradeepphosphates.com

PPL Township

Jagatsinghpur-

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Pyrites, Phosphates & Chemicals Ltd. (PPCL)

www.ppclindia.com

Amjhore

(Bihar)

Saladipura

Rajasthan

1-AB, Ravindra Nath

Tagore Marg

Uttaranchal

Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFC) Durgapu

West Bengal

Barauni

Bihar

Haldia

West Bengal

Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited

www.bvfcl.com

Namrup

Assam

The Fertilizer Corporation Of India Limited (FCIL) Sindri

Jharkhand

Ramagundam(A.P.)

Talcher

Orissa

Gorakhpur

Uttar Pradesh

Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) Khetri

Acid Cum Fertilizer Plant

Khetrinagar

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FCI Aravali Gypsum And Minerals India Limited Namrup

P.O. Parbatpur

Dibrugarh-786623

Assam

Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited

(IFFCO)

Kalol

IFFCO

P.O.Kasturinagar

Distt.Gandinagar-382423.

Gujarat

Kandla

IFFCO

Post Box No. 12

Gandhidham

Kandla- 370210

Gujarat

Phulpur

IFFCO

P.O. Ghiyanagar

Phulpur

Allahabad- 212404

Uttar Pradesh

Aonla

IFFCO

P.O. IFFCO Township

Dist. Bareilly- 243403

Uttar PradeshKrishak Bharati Cooperative Limited (KRIBHCO) Hazira

Hazira Fertiliser Complex

P.O. KRIBHCO Nagar

Hazira

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Surat- 394515

Gujarat

Gujarat State Fertilizer and Chemical limited

www.gsfclimited.com

Fertilizernagar

(Vadodara)

Kosamba (Surat)

Sikka (Jamnagar)

Vadodara

Coromandel Fertilizers Limited www.cflindia.com Vishakhapatnam

Navi Mumbai

Sriram Fertilizers and Chemicals http://www.dscl.com/

Business_Agree_Urea.aspx

Kota, Rajasthan

Zuari Industries Limited- Fertilizer Limited

www.zuari-chambal.com

Goa

Southern Petrochemicals Inds. Corpn. Ltd.:

www.spic.in

Tuticorin

Duncans Industries Limited www.duncansfertiliser.com Kanpur

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Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited

www.mangalorechemicals.com

Panambur, Mangalore

Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers Co. Ltd.

www.gnvfc.net

Bharuch, Gujarat

Deepak Fertilizers & Petrochemicals Ltd

www.dfpcl.com

Plot K1, MIDC Industria

Area,

P.O.Taloja-

Maharashtra.

Indo-Gulf Fertilizers & Chemicals Corporation

Limited www.indo-gulf.co.in

PO Jagdishpur Industria

Area

Uttar Pradesh

Godavari Fertilizer & Chemicals Limited www.gfcl.com Kakinada

Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited

www.nagarjunagroup.com

Kakinada

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