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    DNVs

    Hull Structure course for

    World Wide Shipping

    8 - Hull Structure cargo area

    Deck

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    16.03.2004Slide 2

    3. Deck

    Hull Structural Breakdown -

    Deck

    1. Side

    Bottom

    Deck

    Transverse bulkhead

    Longitudinal bulkheadWeb frames

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

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    16.03.2004Slide 3

    3. DeckStructural functions of deck

    Flange in hull girder

    - Deck plating and longitudinals act as the upper flange inthe hull girder beam

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    16.03.2004Slide 4

    3. Deck

    Structural build up of deck

    single skin tanker

    Deck CL girderDeck plating

    w/longitudinals

    Transverse deck

    girder / Web frame

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    16.03.2004Slide 5

    3. DeckLongitudinal stresses in deck

    Longitudinal stresses from bending of hull girder is

    maximum at midship

    Bending

    moment

    Midship area mostsusceptible to fatigue

    cracking and buckling

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    16.03.2004Slide 6

    3. DeckCharacteristic damages

    1. Cracks in deck longitudinals2. Crack in deck plating

    3. Corrosion of deckhead

    4. Buckling of deck

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    16.03.2004Slide 7

    3. DeckCracking in deck longitudinals

    Deck longitudinal

    connection to web frames

    Deck longitudinal

    connection to

    transverse bulkhead

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    16.03.2004Slide 8

    3. DeckCause for cracking in deck

    longitudinals

    The wave induced excitation of the hull girder leads to

    dynamic axial stress in the deck longitudinals

    The cyclic variation of axial stress may lead to fatigue cracksinitiating at hot spots

    +

    _

    +

    _

    A loaded condition will normally induce compression stress in the deck(sagging)A ballast condition will normally induce tension stress in the deck(hogging)

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    16.03.2004Slide 9

    3. DeckCracks in deck longitudinals

    - May result in oil spill on deck- Corrosion is highly influencing the fatigue life

    of a detail

    - A crack could develop further in the deckplating (brittle fracture)

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    16.03.2004Slide 10

    3. DeckCracking in deck longitudinals

    Crack in underdeck support for hose

    handling crane (P/S, midship area)

    Oil Tanker

    135,000 DWT built 1991

    Crack main deck plating

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    16.03.2004Slide 11

    3. DeckCharacteristic damages

    1. Cracks in deck longitudinals2. Crack in deck plating

    3. Corrosion of deckhead

    4. Buckling of deck

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    16.03.2004Slide 12

    3. DeckOpenings in deck

    Longitudinal

    stress-flow aroundmanhole in deck

    Increased stress level aroundopenings in deck!

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    16.03.2004Slide 13

    3. DeckExample: crack in scallop in deck

    longitudinal

    Scallop in deck longitudinal is close to access opening in deck. This will give an additional

    accumulated stress in the longitudinal, which is believed to be the cause for the damage.

    Oil Tanker

    123,000 DWT built 2000

    Crack main deck plating (after 3 years)

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    16.03.2004Slide 14

    3. DeckCrack in deck plating

    Tanker for Oil

    99328 DWT

    built 1996

    Crack in deck plating

    Crack in deck plating at hose

    saddle support (midship area)

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    16.03.2004Slide 15

    3. DeckCharacteristic damages

    1. Cracks in deck longitudinals2. Crack in deck plating

    3. Corrosion of deckhead

    4. Buckling of deck

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    16.03.2004Slide 16

    3. DeckCorrosion of deckhead

    The ullage space (deckhead) is an area

    susceptible to general corrosion

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    16.03.2004Slide 17

    3. DeckCorrosion of deckhead

    A reduction of the deck transverse sectional area due to general corrosion

    will lead to an increased stress level in deck

    A

    F

    L

    =

    Longitudinal

    stress

    Area

    Force

    Longitudinal

    stress distribution

    L

    L

    Higher stress

    level in deck

    Long. stress distribution(with reduced deck

    sectional area)

    n.a.

    Reduced sectional area in deck may lead to plate buckling

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    16.03.2004Slide 18

    3. DeckCorrosion of deckhead

    Higher stress level in deck

    due to general corrosion

    L

    L

    A

    F

    L=

    Longitudinalstress

    Area

    Force

    A reduction of the deck transverse sectional area due to general corrosion will lead

    to an increased stress level in deck may lead to buckling problems

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    16.03.2004Slide 19

    3. DeckCorrosion of deckhead

    Flatbars have poor

    buckling capacity

    L-profiles have goodbuckling capacity

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    16.03.2004Slide 20

    3. DeckCharacteristic damages

    1. Cracks in deck longitudinals2. Crack in deck plating

    3. Corrosion of deckhead

    4. Buckling of deck

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    16.03.2004Slide 21

    3. DeckBuckling in deck

    Buckling of a plate field (plating with stiffeners)

    Buckling in deck is most likely to occur in the midship

    region where the hull girder bending moment is at its

    maximum

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    16.03.2004Slide 22

    3. DeckCause for buckling in deck

    Buckling in deck is a result of in plane compression forces in excess of

    the buckling capacity of the deck plate field

    Such a situation may occur if the transverse section of the deck is reduceddue to general corrosion and the vessel is in a fully loaded (sagging)

    condition

    The deck buckling may take the form of one

    plate between two deck longitudinals or in

    worst case a complete plate field (both deck

    plating with stiffeners)Buckling of complete plate field

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    16.03.2004Slide 23

    3. DeckCorrosion of deckhead / buckling:

    - heavy corrosion of deck may lead to

    buckling

    - small buckles (plate between

    stiffeners) is a strong warning sign that

    longitudinal stresses are high

    - large buckles (plate field) may lead to

    loss of global strength and in worst case

    a total collapse of the hull girder

    Remember max 10% diminution of deck transverse

    sectional area!

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    16.03.2004Slide 24

    3. Deck

    Questions ?


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02 - DNVs Hull Str for WW - Naming of Structure

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07 - DNVs Hull Str for WW - Hull Str - Cargo Area - Bottom

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