Polymer Chemistry PhD Halina FalfushynskaPhD Halina FalfushynskaClassificationProtein,Nucleicacid, PolysaccharideA. NaturalB. SyntheticPET,Polyurethane, Polyethylene Application of polymeric materialsPE milk bottles Polyamide bulletproofvests Polyurethane artificial heart Fluorinatedphosphazene elastomer for arctic environments Examples of monomers and polymersMonomerPolymerHOCH

CH

OHHO CO

HCH

CH

CH

CH

OCH

CH

OO COCH

CH

CH

CHClCH

CH

ClH

C CH

ODefinitions A. Acoording to the amount of repeating unitsmonomer ! one unit oligomer ! fe" polymer ! many #poly $ many,mer $ part% telechelic polymer ! polymer containin& reactive end &roup #tele ' far, chele ' cla"% telechelic oligomer ! oli&omer containin& reactive end &roup macromer(macro monomer! ! monomer containin& lon& chain Chain &ro"th polymerization ! (ddition polymerization molecular "ei&hts increase successively, one by one monomer )in&*openin& polymerization may be either step or chain reaction Polymeri"ation Processes B. Modern classification of polymeri"ation according to polymeri"ation mechanism +tep &ro"th polymerization ! Polymers build up step"ise #he total num$er of repeating units contained terminal group C. #he %inds of applied monomersB. DP & Degree of polymeri"ationOne kind ! HomopolymerT"o kinds ! Copolymer Three kinds ! Terpolymer Definitions'epresentation of polymer types(a) linear(b)branch (c)network#c%ladder polymer #b% comb polymer#a% star polymer #d% semi* ladder #or stepladder% polymer 'epresentation of polymer architectures 'epresentation of polymer architectures#f% polycatenane #e% polyrota,ane #&% dendrimer The swelling capacity of a polymeramount of liquid material that can be absorbedBeaker test methodTea bag test methoddia&rammatic representation of part of the polymer net"ork-.hen "ater is added to +(P there is a polymer/solvent interaction0 hydration and the formation ofhydro&en bonds are t"o of these interactionsKinetics of polymer swelling1 unlimited swelling polymer or/and with low M2 polymer with high MBeaker test methodA small amount of superabsorbent polymer material is taken (0.1g and it is pla!ed in the beaker.100 ml of doionised water is poured into the beaker.After 20 min the swollen polymer was separated by using filter paper"y weighing the polymer# one !an find the swollen !apa!ity of the $A% material.&egree of swelling1111V V Vmm m == mo $ mass ofpolymer at the be&innin&,m* mass ofpolymer at the enddtdm= 'elo!ity of swellingTea bag test methodTake 0.1g of $A% material and put the bag suspended o(er the e)!ess watered beaker*ote the time 20 min. And weigh the bag The percentage of swelling !w"#w$%&!w$%' w1+ weight of the polymer ("efore swelling w2+ weight of the polymer (After swelling A$$re(iations P)CPoly#vinyl chloride%*DPE Hi&h*density polyethylene +DPE2o"*density polyethylene PE# Poly#ethylene terephthalate%,odes for %lasti!s1 %-T- soft drink bottles2 .&%- plasti! bags# toys/ %', water pipes0 1&%- milk 2ugs 3 %% bottle !aps4 %$ styrofoam ,Commodity PlasticTypeAbbreviation MajorUses2o"*density polyethyleneHi&h*densityPolyethylenePolypropylenePoly#vinyl chloride%Polystyrene23PEH3PEPPP4CP+Packa&in& film, "ire and cable insulation,toys, fle,ible bottles house"ares, coatin&s 5ottles, drums, pipe, conduit, sheet, film, "ire and cable insulation(utomobile and appliance parts, furniture, corda&e, "ebbin&, carpetin&, film packa&in&Construction, ri&id pipe, floorin&, "ire and cable insulation, film and sheetPacka&in& #foam and film%, foam insulation appliances, house"ares, toysa. #he -orld consumption of synthetic polymers & ,./ million metric tons per year. 6% Plastics ! 789 % Fibers! 6:9 ;% +ynthetic rubber ! 669 elamine*formaldehyde